Mizo Studies July - September 2016 125 Vol. V No. 3 July - September 2016 MIZO STUDIES (A Quarterly Refereed Journal) Editor-in-Chief Prof. Laltluangliana Khiangte PUBLISHED BY DEPARTMENT OF MIZO, MIZORAM UNIVERSITY, AIZAWL. 126 Mizo Studies July - September 2016 MIZO STUDIES Vol. V No. 3 (A Quarterly Refereed Journal) July - September, 2016 © Deptt. of Mizo, Mizoram University Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief : Prof. Laltluangliana Khiangte Editor : Prof. R.Thangvunga Circulation Managers : Mr Lalsangzuala : Mr. K.Lalnunhlima No part of any article published in this Journal may be reproduced in print or electronic form without the permission of the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this Journal are the intellectual property of the contributors and the Editorial Board and publisher of this Journal are not accountable for the articles published in this journal. ISSN 2319-6041 _________________________________________________ Published by Prof Laltluangliana Khiangte, on behalf of the Department of Mizo, Mizoram University, Aizawl, and printed at the Gilzom Offset, Electric Veng, Aizawl. Mizo Studies July - September 2016 127 Mizo Studies V.3 ISSN:2319-6041 © Dept. of Mizo,MZU CONTENTS Editorial English Section 1. Henry Zodinliana Pachuau, Impact of Insurgency on Women and Children in the North-East. ...........................7 2. J.Zahluna, Emergence of Political Party in Mizoram..........13 3. Lalhriatpuii, Demographic Impact and Security Implications of Illegal Immigrations into Northeast India....23 4. R.Thangvunga, Trickster Tales in Mizo Folklore...............33 5. Lynda Zohmingliani & PC Lalremruati, Environmental Aware- ness of Elementary School Students and Suggested Measures to Improve Teaching ....................... Mizo Section 1. V.Lalnunmnawia, Pi Pute leh Sakei. 2. H.Lalbiakzuali, Zikpuii Pa’n Khuarel (Nature) a Thlir Dan. 3. Ruth VL Rinpuii, Chakma Thawnthu. 128 Mizo Studies July - September 2016 Regular Feature 1. Tell me your Story : ‘Lalruanga and Kelchala’ 2. English Poems by - Suwa Lal Jangu - Lalropara - |huamtea Khawlhring - Laltluangliana Khiangte - Laldinkima Sailo - Mamawii Khiangte 3. Mizo Poems by - Ruben Lalduhsanga Hmar - K. Rohmingliana (Valpuia) - Lalremruati Ngênte - Nununa Renthlei 4. Mizo Department Literary News & Reports 5 Ph.D. & M.Phil Results : MZU Mizo Studies July - September 2016 129 Mizo Studies V.3 (July-Sept.2016) ISSN:2319-6041 © Dept. of Mizo,MZU Editorial : A new volume of ‘Mizo Studies’ is ready for you to read and give your valuable time now. The last issue is almost exhausted at the moment. We are printing more copies this time and I hope, apart from our regular subscribers/admirers, new readers of Mizo Studies would appreciate the articles and literary news in this issue. We are happy to see in this issue Dr. Henry Zodinliana Pachuau’s ‘Study of the impact of insurgency on women and children in the North East’ where we can read unpopular story of those days. ‘Emergence of Political Party in Mizoram’ as told by Dr. J. Zahluna must be quite interesting for younger scholars and students. So is Ms. Lalhriatpuii’s article on ‘Demographic impact and security implications of illegal immigrations into Northeast India’ which must be quite interesting for scholars and students across the country because of the fact that illegal immigration into Northeast India is a common problem for all the states of N.E. India. Trickster tale in Mizo Folklore as given in the paper of Prof. R. Thangvunga may be considered a fresh view and I am sure, including our regular feature of translated tale of Mizo in this journal, it will be meaningful for students and scholars of today. In fact, the new generation must read all these articles and translations in order to widen their knowledge about the folk identify of the Mizos. 130 Mizo Studies July - September 2016 All other articles including an ‘Environmental Awareness of Elementary School Students and suggested measures to improve teaching of environmental education in Mizoram’ contributed by Dr. Lynda Zohmingthangi & P.C. Lalremruati attempt to highlight crucial points to note and inculcate value education in students and readers of this journal. This issue will not be tempting if there is no poem, either in Mizo or in English and also keeping record of what is happening in the department of Mizo and its related literary development. In fact, all about One-Day Theatre Festival held at Vanapa Hall on 14th September to commemorate the 89th Birth Anniversary of Padma Shri Khawlkungi (1927-2015) as reported at the end of this magazine may open up a new area of interest not to be side-lined by lovers of language and literature. The next issue will highlight the beautiful contribution and role played by the two selected writers, viz. Lalzuithanga and Khawlkungi for the enrichment of Mizo literature. Born in the year 1916, the Birth Centenary of Mizo novelist-cum-dramatist Lalzuithanga must be observed in a very meaningful manner before the end of this year. The Department of Mizo is moving forward for the celebration of his birth centenary by holding National Seminar on creative writings. Mentioning all these points, I welcome all regular readers of Mizo Studies to open the new issue. 9th September 2016 Laltluangliana Khiangte Editor-in-Chief Mizo Studies July - September 2016 131 Mizo Studies V.3 ISSN:2319-6041 © Dept. of Mizo,MZU Impact of Insurgency on Women and Children in the North-East Dr. Henry ZodinlianaPachuau * Introduction There is very little literature available on the plight of women and children in conflict situation in North East, especially with ref- erence to Mizoram. From a Human Right approach, women and children are considered vulnerable population that require special care and attention in or after conflict situations. As a result of their vulnerability, they are more at risk for being subjected to various forms of human rights violations. India’s North East has experienced a series of conflicts that is of national interest. Till today, we see sporadic forms of self-determination in the region. Though these acclaimed forms of righteous conflicts do find place among those involved in it, there has been serious consequences leading to death and atrocities against the more vulnerable population. The sensitive nature of these conflicts also creates a gap between those who are against such and stakeholders who could act as a safety valve against violations in conflict zones. * Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, MZU. 132 Mizo Studies July - September 2016 Historical Background Chang Kien, a Chinese explorer, mentioned about India’s North East in 100 BC. Hiuen Tsang also visited the region in 7th Century. There were different ethnic groups who eventually settled in the region (ITC, 2011; Sukai, 2013). Its close vicinity with in- ternational boundaries of China, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and racial background of the people have made the area politically and socially sensitive, causing ethnic differences and conflicts and illegal immigration and entrance of refugees to the region (Pachuau 2015). The region consists of eight States popularly known as the ‘Eight Sisters’. After Independence, Assam became one of the founding States and the rest were under the political entity of Assam. In 1962 the State of Nagaland was born. In 1972 Tripura, Manipur and Meghalaya became States and Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh emerged as a Union Territory both attaining Statehood in 1987. Sikkim became a State in 1975 (Sukaiin Pachuau 2015). North East is considered to be one of the most inacces- sible regions of India. The different groups marked by over 200 different tribes face development challenges which are economi- cal, technological and sociological (Goswami, Sreekala & Goswami, 2005). Shukla Commission (1997) identified four chal- lenges in the North East – basic needs deficit, infrastructural defi- cit, resource deficit and two way deficit of understanding with the rest of the country. Guit (2011) states that North East suffer from poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, unsanitary conditions, absence of health education, poor mother and child health, poor coverage of the national preventive programmes due to geographical remoteness. All North East states have experienced insurgency in one form or another as a result of internal and external factors (Pachuau, 2015). North East Scenario Women and children are often major victims of conflict. They are victimised, traumatised, exposed to horrendous condi- tions (such as harsh weather, forced migration, hunger etc.), suffer Mizo Studies July - September 2016 133 varying degrees of abuse (sexual or substance), killed, or maimed. Various reports record some of the agonies that women and chil- dren undergo in situations of war, insurgencies and conflicts. Mil- lions of children have suffered sexual violence, grave psychologi- cal trauma, malnutrition, disease and the multiple consequences of being forced to flee their homes. The impact of insurgency may be divided as follows : 1) Physical Impact: This impact include physical attacks, abductions, bomb blasts, and destruction of property. 2) Impact on Education: This impact relates to schools being closed as a result of insurgencies. 3) Social and Psychological Impact: This include sexual abuse, trauma, displacements, hunger, starvation and other depri- vations, forced marriages to their captors, trafficking, drug abuse etc. 4) Economic Impact: As result of insurgencies, economic activities get effected and destroyed. 5) Health Impact: