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Joseph Roisman -j I a Joseph Roisman ALEXANDER S VETERANS AND THE EARLY WARS OF THE SUCCESSORS JN 71019 The Fordyce W. Mitchel Memorial Lecture Se ries, sponsored by the Department of History at the University of Missouri-Columbia, began in October 2000. Fordyce Mitchel was Professor of Greek History at the University of Missouri Columbia until his death in 1986. In addition to his work on fourth-century Greek history and epigraphy, including his much-cited Lykourgan Athens: 338-322, Semple Lectures 2 (Cincinnati, 1970), Mitchel helped to elevate the ancient his tory program in the Department of History and to build the extensive library resources in that field. The lecture series was made possible by a generous endowment from his widow, Mrs. Marguerite Mitchel. It provides for a biennial series of lectures on original aspects of Greek history and society, given by a scholar of high international standing. The lectures are then revised and arc currently published by the University of Texas Press. PREVIOUS MITCHEL PUBLICATIONS: Carol G. Thomas, Finding People in Early Greece (University of Missouri Press, 2005) Mogens Herman Hansen, The Shotgun Method: The Demography of the Ancient Greek City-State Culture (University of Missouri Press, 2006) Mark Golden, Greek Sport and Social Status (University of Texas Press, 2008) ALEXANDER S VETERANS AND THE EARLY WARS OF THE SUCCESSORS by Joseph Roisman JLCU1 0 5203 dve UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS, AUSTIN Copyright 2012 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2012 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to: Permissions University of Texas Press P.O. Box 7819 Austin, TX 78713-7819 utpress.utexas.edu/about/book-permissions O The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) (Permanence of Paper). LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Roisman, Joseph Alexander's veterans and the early wars of the successors / Joseph Roisman. -1st ed. p. cm. - (Fordyce W. Mitchel memorial lecture series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-292-75431-7 I. Greece-History-Macedonian Hegemony, 323-281 B.C. 2. Greece-History-Macedonian Hegemony, 323-281 B.C. Historiography. 3. Greece-Kings and rulers-Succession History-To 1500. 4. Generals-Greece-History-To 1500. 5. Alexander, the Great, 356-323 B.C.-Friends and associates. 6. Veterans-Greece-History-To 1500. 7. Greece-History, Military-To 146 B.C. 8. Babylonia-History, Military. 9. India History, Military. io. Turkey-History, Military. I. Title. DF235.4.R65 2012 938'.08-dc23 2011035011 First paperback printing, 2013 To Hanna, Elad, and Shalev CONTENTS Map ofAlexander's Campaigns viii List ofAbbreviations xi Preface xiii Introduction i CHAPTER I Motives and Bias in the History of Hieronymus of Cardia 9 CHAPTER 2 Alexander and Discontent: The King and His Army in India and Opis, Mesopotamia 31 CHAPTER 3 The Veterans and the Macedonian Internal Strife in Babylon (323) 61 CHAPTER 4 The Dissolution of the Royal Army, I: The Veterans of Perdiccas and Craterus 87 CHAPTER 5 The Dissolution of the Royal Army, II: The Veterans of Eumenes, Neoptolemus, and Alcetas, and the Meeting in Triparadeisus 119 CHAPTER 6 The Veterans, Eumenes, and Antigonus in Asia Minor 145 CHAPTER 7 Eumenes and the Silver Shields 177 CHAPTER 8 The Silver Shields in Battle and Eumenes' Death 212 Conclusion 237 Bibliography 245 Index 257 K- --- f t~' MACEDONIA Caspian Pella , 454 Alexandria PAPHLAGONIA Trea' Troy ne I c Ancoa c Clazomenae' GIv (rdum1 . Sardes AE ll/4q GREAT & ARMENIA- S F sh-oss PHRYCIA tialcarnasrs ,,,* 3334 Thermessus,r".resu I YGA r I; ; soy CILICI A ~ Xanthus -Pha 1lssss ( 331 Thapsacus Alex oadna ad Issun ' Cus2arr / fArlrsls CYPRUS 1f3 32 % 1, 331 Eslatsan 324 f* t p Alexandria 4331 C' 332" -- ;*' > G RahdIon *. Susa BABYLONIA 331 Peluslumn 3244) r~kUri Siwah DetF:s 3244 (Ammornum) Alexand rrS4S, ,, a9 EGYPT 329 - ...Alexander's route (with (late) Land over 2000 n I .t 500 km Map of Alexander's campaigns. Reproduced with the permission of Wiley-Blackwell. ~ 1 Uj AlexandriXl'ai14 Es ae hir, 32 SOGO/AN 4 Nautaca, 328 k tforrnen S 1P - 329 328 Alexandri., (Margiane) Alexandrna ad Oxur' 329 MAR Alexandria*i (Btra /alaspa) * A rnur Peuceaotiat 14 Alexandna 7 Prcra$o 5 - ciro 326 + (Bucepfaala) Alexandria (Nicaea) ,. 326 Hccatompylus l\ A Alexandrr (lomoussa)/ Rhn a Alexindria (Areia' q on 2 42" 2. ' C. Alexan d; i 22 Alenandir . ' (Archo ii >2 *2 \Prophthasia) IN D I A 330 MALLI 339 4r A exandria ' 4_> EN IS 1 rr (KP 4d ' CA RMANIA r Alxad ria 1 (Carmania) GEDROSIA Alexandria &Srdlmana (Creitae) \ /a \ 3Patl 323 (1\, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Aelian VH Aelian, Miscellaneous Histories App. Mithr. Appian, Mithridatic Wars App. Syr. Appian, Syrian Wars Arr. or Arr. Anab. Arrian, Anabasis Arr. Succ. Arrian, Successors; or, Events after Alexander Athen. Athenaeus, Deipnosophistai Curt. Q. Curtius Rufus, History ofAlexander the Great Diod. Diodorus of Sicily, Library FGrHist F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente dergriechischen Historiker (Leiden, 2004). Frontinus Strat. Frontinus, Stratagems IG Inscriptiones Graecae ISE L. Moretti, Inscrizione storische ellenistiche, 2 vols. (Florence, 1967-1976). Just. Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus Nepos Eum. Cornelius Nepos, Eumenes Ox. Pap. Oxyrhynchus Papyri Paus. Pausanias, Description of Greece Phot. Photius, Library Plb. Polybius, Histories Pliny NH Pliny the Elder, Natural History Plut. Alex. Plutarch, Alexander Plut. Demtr. Plutarch, Demetrius Plut. Eum. Plutarch, Eumenes Plut. Moral. Plutarch, Moralia Polyaenus Polyaenus, Stratagems PSI Papirigreci e latini SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum Xii ALEXANDER S VETERANS & THE EARLY WARS OF THE SUCCESSORS FREQUENTLY CITED MODERN WORKS Anson 2004 E. M. Anson, Eumenes of Cardia:A Greek among Macedonians (Boston, 2004). Berve 1926 H. Berve, DasAlexanderreichaufprosopogra phischer Grundlage, 2 vols. (Munich, 1926). Billows 1995 R. A. Billows, Kings and Colonists:Aspects of Macedonian Imperialism (Leiden, 1995). Bosworth 1980-95 A. B. Bosworth, ed., A HistoricalCommentary on Arrian's History ofAlexander, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1980-1995). Bosworth 2002 A. B. Bosworth, The Legacy ofAlexander: Politics, Warfare, and Propagandaunder the Successors (Oxford, 2002). Briant 1972 P. Briant, "D'Alexandre le grand aux Diadoques: Le cas d'Eumene de Kardia (1er article)," REA 74 (1972): 32-73. Briant 1973a P. Briant, "D'Alexandre le grand aux Diadoques: Le cas d'Eumene de Kardia (suite et fin)," REA 75 (1973): 43-81. Briant 197 3b P. Briant, Antigone le Borgne (Paris, 1973). Heckel 1992 W. Heckel, The Marshals ofAlexander's Empire (London, 1992). Heckel 2006 W. Heckel, Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great (Malden, MA, 2006). Hornblower 1981 J. Hornblower, Hieronymus of Cardia (Oxford, 1981). Landucci Gattinoni 2008 F. Landucci Gattinoni, Diodoro Siculo. Biblioteca storica libro XVIII (Milan, 2008). Schaifer 2002 C. Schaifer, Eumenes von Kardia und der Kampf um die Macht im Alexanderreich (Frankfurt am Main, 2002). Vezin 1907 A. Vezin, Eumenes von Kardia: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Diadochenzeit (Munster, 1907). PREFACE This book originated in an invitation to participate in the conference on the origin of the Hellenistic world that took place in Edinburgh in 2006. By most ancient and modern accounts, the Hellenistic world was the cre ation of Alexander's great successors. Without denying these individuals' contribution, I try to focus in this study on their soldiers' input into and view of the post-Alexander era. The case of Alexander's veterans calls for special attention both because they played a significant role in the early wars of the Successors and because they exemplified the veteran experience, which has been a neglected topic in Greek history. Teaching obligations and the beckoning of other projects created their usual impediments on the long journey to the final product. I was helped by many kind people and benefited from the comments and suggestions of different audiences at talks based on this project. I am especially indebted to Greg Woolf and the School of Classics at the University of St. Andrews; Hans van Wees and the Institute of Classical Studies, London; and Franca Landucci Gattinoni and the University Cattolica di Milano and the School of History, Classics, and Archaeology at the University of Edinburgh for giving me the opportunity to present the results of my research. I wish to express my deep gratitude to Douglas Cairns, Andrew Erskine, and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones for their kind hospitality and help, and to the Institute of Advanced Studies in the Humanities at the University of Edinburgh for the opportunity to work on the manuscript as a spring 2009 Senior Re search Fellow. I am equally grateful to the Department of Classics at the University of Cincinnati, the helpful staff of the Blegen Library, and espe cially Getzel Cohen for enabling me to take full advantage of a fall 2009 Tytus Fellowship. Ian Worthington and the Department of History at the University of Missouri at Columbia privileged me with an invitation to de liver the 2010 Fordyce Mitchel Memorial lectures, which were based on this book. Brian Bosworth, who read a portion of the manuscript, and the read- XiV ALEXANDER S VETERANS & THE EARLY WARS OF THE SUCCESSORS ers of the University of Texas Press, who read it all, made valuable sugges tions. Mel Regnel helped with the illustration and the map, and Jay Karden with the editing process. Thanks are also due to Jim Burr of the University of Texas Press for shepherding the manuscript through the process. Earlier versions of parts of the book were published elsewhere and have been revised here to varying degrees. I thank Anton Powell and the Clas sical Press of Wales for granting me permission to use "The Silver Shields, Eumenes, and Their Historian," published in A.
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