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» » » » » In thismonth’sissue Overview of Ornamental

An Overview of Recently Published ii FeedingGlobalAquaculture Growth qautr 38 Aquaculture FAO Projects FAO Highlands, Twenty Years after the Rice- Farming in the Malagasy lblAuclueSaitc 6 North AfricaisIncreasing The ImportanceofAquaculture in Global AquacultureStatistics

33 23 April 2017 o N 56 INVITED EDITORIAL V. CRESPI ©FAO/ M. R. HASAN R. M.

food from aquaculture by Indian major , which are will largely depend on increasingly fed with commercial Feeding Global the availability of quality feed along with supplementary feeds at affordable prices feeds. Aquaculture in the requisite quantities. In 2013, global production of Aquafeed accounts for fishmeal and fish oil were 4.92 and Growth about 50-80 percent of 0.91 million tonnes, respectively aquaculture production and within the husbandry cost and therefore its use subsectors, aquaculture is now the n 2015, global aquaculture has to be carefully considered and largest user of fishmeal and fish oil. Iproduction reached 106 million managed. These two products are primarily tonnes, 76.6 million tonnes of During the period 1995-2015, used for the production of industrial aquatic and 29.4 million production from feed-dependent aquafeed; it is estimated that about tonnes of aquatic plants, growing aquaculture increased over fourfold 10 percent of global fishmeal used at an average annual rate of from 12.2 to 50.7 million tonnes, for aquaculture, goes for production 6.6 percent since 1995. This positive largely through intensification of of farm-made aquafeed. Although trend, although now slowing, is production methods. The use of the use of fishmeal and fish oil projected to continue; consequently, aquatic species/species groups in aquafeeds is more prevalent the aquaculture sector is expected such as , , for higher trophic level finfishes to play a significantly greater role and salmonids with established and crustaceans (marine , in contributing to food security, aquaculture technologies provided marine fishes, , freshwater poverty alleviation and economic firm market opportunities for crustaceans, trouts, , etc.), low- development of the poor. However, increasing production and driving trophic level finfish species/species the global population is increasing production efficiency. In 2015, about groups (carps, tilapias, catfishes, and, in order to maintain at least 50.7 million tonnes of farmed fish milkfish, etc.) are also fed with these the current level of per-capita was dependent upon the supply of products. Over recent decades, consumption of aquatic foods external nutrient inputs provided in significant efforts have been made (19.7 kg in 2013, FAO, 2016), the the form of fresh feed ingredients, by the aquaculture to world will require an additional farm-made feeds or commercially reduce the levels of inclusion of 23 million tonnes thereof by manufactured feeds. It is estimated fishmeal and fish oil. The reduction 2020. This additional supply will that in 2015, 47.7 million tonnes of of the feed conversion ratio (FCR) have to come from aquaculture. industrial aquafeed was produced has played an important role in more Meeting the future demand for excluding the commercial feed used efficient use of these inputs, which

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply products or services is not implied in any way. that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via: The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected] and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO information products are available on the FAO website © FAO, 2017 (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through ii [email protected].

COVER PHOTOS: LEFT PHOTO: ©A. STANKUS, RIGHT PHOTOS: ©L. DABBADIE INVITED has largely been achieved through improved feed management. There EDITORIAL has been a gradual reduction of fishmeal use in aquafeeds since 2006. Although the discussion on the availability and use of aquafeed ingredients often focuses on fishmeal and fish oil resources (including low-value fish/trash fish), considering past trends and current predictions, sustainability of the aquaculture sector is more likely to be closely linked with the sustained supply of terrestrial animal and plant proteins, oils and carbohydrate sources for aquafeeds. The aquaculture sector

should therefore strive to ensure V. CRESPI

sustainable supplies of terrestrial and ©FAO/ plant feed ingredients. chain. Appropriate aquafeed policy, Furthermore, the aquaculture regulatory frameworks, and feed SEE ALSO sector, primarily in Asia and sub- standards need to be developed FAO. 2016. The State of World Saharan Africa, is constrained by in those countries where they are and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to various other factors, including lacking, and institutional capacity food security and nutrition for all. Rome. 200 pp. www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf inadequate access to finance, a needs strengthening in agencies lack of technical , an responsible for aquaculture absence of feed formulation and management, monitoring and processing knowledge and the use compliance. Other issues that need of inappropriate feed management to be addressed are training and practices. Other constraints to the dissemination of information feed supply, quality and use in to farmers, particularly small- those countries are poor regulatory scale farmers with limited access Mohammad R. Hasan control and a lack of standards to the latest technological and FAO Aquaculture Officer (Feed and Nutrition) throughout the aquafeed value management developments. E-mail: [email protected] M. HASAN M. ©FAO/

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 iii CONTENTS

■ Invited Editorial Feeding Global Aquaculture Growth ii

Rice-Fish Culture: An Integrated GLOBAL AQUACULTURE Approach to Efficient Resource Use 13 UPDATES 6 Improving Feed Formulation and ■ From the Statistician’s Desk Better Management Practices for Nile An Overview of Recently Published and Milkfish Culture in the ©FAO/M. LEDO ©FAO/M. Global Aquaculture Statistics 6 14

■ Meetings/events ■ Europe Tenth Session of the GFCM Scientific Unlocking the Potential of our Marine Advisory Committee on Aquaculture 9 and Renewable Energy Resources through the Power of Research and The Importance of Aquaculture in Innovation 14 North Africa is Increasing 23 AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION 10 ■ Near East and North Africa ■ Latin America and the Enhancing the Quality of Fisheries and Caribbean ■ Asia-Pacific Aquaculture Emergency Preparedness Inclusion of Fish in School Feeding Pilot Implementation of Aquaculture and Response in the Near East and Programs: Recent Efforts in Latin Planning and Management Tools in North Africa Region 19 America 26 Selected ASEAN Member States 10 Technical Workshop on Marine cage Contributions of Aquaculture to Rural Building Capacities for Climate Resilient culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran 21 Development in the Central American Tilapia Farming in the Philippines 11 “Dry Corridor” 27 Third Regional Consultation on the Establishment of the Red Sea and Gulf ■ Sub-Saharan Africa of Aden Aquaculture and Fisheries Blue Growth Initiative in Kenya: Organization (RAAFO) 22 Increasing Knowledge for Informed Decision Making and Support to Farmers 29

Sub-Regional Training Workshop on Doing Aquaculture as a Business 31

Is Aquaculture a Logical Choice for Youth Employment? Lessons Learnt from a Project in Liberia 32

Rice- in the Malagasy Highlands, Twenty Years after the FAO Projects 33

Sixth Annual Meeting of the Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF) 37 ©FAO/A. STANKUS ©FAO/A.

iv FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 CONTENTS

NEW STAFF PROFILES 50

NEW PUBLICATIONS 52 ©FAO/L. BIGARRÉ ©FAO/L.

CALENDAR OF EVENTS 61 THEMATIC ARTICLES 38

Overview of Ornamental Species Aquaculture 38

Improving the Technical and Economic Performance of Tilapia Farming under Climate Variation from a Bio-Economic Modelling Perspective 40

A Case for Fish to Lead Greater Food Security and Nutrition Outcomes 42

The Potential of World Aquaculture Performance Indicators as a Research and Educational Tool 44

MISCELLANEOUS 45

FAO Assists a Group of French Small-Scale Fishermen During a Visit to Orbetello Lagoon, Italy 45

The Real Secret of the Templars: Farmed Fish as the Basis for a Long Life 47

Arrivederci Jiansan Jia (‘JJ’) 49 ©FAO/M. VANDERKNAAP VANDERKNAAP ©FAO/M.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 v GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES L. BIGARRÉ L. ©FAO/ GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES • GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES • GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES

An Overview of Recently Published Global Aquaculture Statistics

ith Botswana included as world aquaculture production past few decades. Americas and Wthe newest aquaculture of 106 million tonnes in live Oceania experienced negative producer country, the FAO Global weight in the year 2015, with a growth in 2015 (Table 2). total estimated first-sale value of Aquaculture Production Statistics By production volume, the sub- US$163 billion (Table 1). This total Dataset for 1950-2015 released in sector of aquaculture of aquatic production comprised farmed March 2017 has registered a total animals has been dominated by aquatic animals, aquatic plants of 201 currently existing countries finfish farming, which represents and non-food products (pearls and and territories with aquaculture the major aquaculture product shells). production statistical data. The in many countries (Figure 1). The new dataset now contains records The growth of world aquaculture contribution of finfish has been of 591 aquatic species and species production of aquatic animals maintained between 63-68% in groups ever farmed in inland in the first 15 years in the new the last two decades. Molluscs freshwater, inland saline water, millennium has gradually slowed farming, which used to count for coastal brackish water and marine down and the 2001-2015 average about 30% of the total food fish water. annual growth rate was 5.9%, farming production around the Not unexpectedly, world which is significantly lower year 2000, has gradually declined aquaculture production continued than the double digit growth to 21% in 2015. In contrast, its growth in 2015. The newly percentage rate seen in the 1980s crustacean farming improved its released FAO aquaculture statistics and the 1990s. At continent share from less than 5% before has recorded another all-time high level, African aquaculture growth 2000 to close to 10% in the past during 2001-2015 averaged at decade. Aquatic plants farming 10.4%, followed by Asia (6%) and counted for 27.7% in 2015 in the Americas (5.7%). In Oceania and total production volume when Europe aquaculture growth were aquatic plants and animals are Written by: only 2.9% and 2.5%, respectively, combined. in the last 15 years. Xiaowei Zhou The composition of major groups FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture In 2015 world food fish of species of farmed aquatic Department, Rome, Italy aquaculture increased by 4%, the animals vary greatly across the E-mail: [email protected] lowest annual growth rate in the world. Finfish farming is the most

6 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 important type of aquaculture Table 1 – World aquaculture production in 2015 operation in volume terms on all Quantity (live weight) Value (first sale) continents. In 2015 finfish farming Food fish* 76.6 million tonnes US$157.9 billion counted for 67.8% of total Aquatic plants** 29.4 million tonnes US$4.8 billion aquaculture output of aquatic Non-food products 41.1 thousand tonnes US$208.2 million animals (Table 3). Total 106 million tonnes US$163 billion * Food fish includes finfish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals such as sea urchins Aquaculture has made steadily and sea cucumbers, frogs and aquatic turtles, etc. Farmed crocodile and alligators are excluded. increasing contribution to the ** Aquatic plants include mostly seaweeds, plus some microalgae. FROM THE STATISTICIAN’S DESK Table 2 – World aquaculture production of food fish by continent (live weight in thousand tonnes) 2015 2015 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015 share in growth world total Africa 400 453 559 755 942 1 286 1 484 1 711 1 772 2.3% 3.6% Americas 1 423 1 801 2 143 2 369 2 470 2 514 2 990 3 347 3 273 4.3% -2.2% Asia 28 422 32 361 36 895 41 780 47 001 52 452 58 956 65 506 68 393 89.3% 4.4% Europe 2 051 2 043 2 173 2 193 2 327 2 523 2 827 2 929 2 975 3.9% 1.6% Oceania 121 128 139 161 175 190 186 189 186 0.2% -1.5% World 32 418 36 786 41 909 47 257 52 915 58 964 66 443 73 681 76 600 100% 4.0% world fish supply. Within 15 years Figure 1 – World aquaculture production of farmed aquatic animals and plants (1990-2015) in the new millennium, the aquaculture contribution to the 100 Other aquatic animals world production of aquatic 80 Crustaceans animals (captured and farmed Molluscs 60 combined) has increased from es Finfish

onn 40 Aquatic plants

25.7% in 2000 to 45.3% in 2015 st n o i l (Figure 2). il 20 M To the production of aquatic 0 animals from marine and 20 brackish water, aquaculture 40 (including and coastal 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Table 3 – 2015 world aquaculture production by continent by main species group (thousand tonnes in live weight) INLAND AQUACULTURE Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania WORLD 1. Finfish 1 749 712 1 017 534 41 849 837 475 253 5 013 45 097 349 2. Crustacea 17 63 954 2 792 441 51 162 2 856 625 3. Molluscs 0 283 744 283 744 4. Other aquatic animals 531 521 106 0 521 637 Sub-total 1 749 729 1 082 019 45 447 128 475 304 5 175 48 759 355 MARINE AND COASTAL Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania WORLD AQUACULTURE 1. Finfish 15 152 1 003 191 3 855 936 1 863 068 72 775 6 810 121 2. Crustacea 3 716 722 869 3 761 188 259 6 693 4 494 725 3. Molluscs 3 769 465 296 14 946 627 636 520 96 032 16 148 245 4. Other aquatic animals 25 381 831 8 5 593 387 456 Sub-total 22 662 2 191 356 22 945 582 2 499 855 181 093 27 840 547 TOTAL AQUACULTURE Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania WORLD 1. Finfish 1 764 864 2 020 726 45 705 773 2 338 320 77 788 51 907 471 2. Crustacea 3 733 786 823 6 553 629 310 6 854 7 351 350 3. Molluscs 3 769 465 296 15 230 371 636 520 96 032 16 431 989 4. Other aquatic animals 25 531 902 936 8 5 593 909 093 TOTAL 1 772 391 3 273 375 68 392 710 2 975 159 186 268 76 599 902

Note: Several rows and columns may not add up to the total due to rounding.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 7 aquaculture) contributed 25.5% its dominating share from consumption, aquaculture to the total production, up from 68.6% in 2000 to 81% in 2015 supplied 10.42 kg of food fish for 13.8% in 2000 (Figure 3). Within (Figure 4). human consumption on world inland water total production average in 2015, a level further With almost all farmed aquatic of captured and farmed aquatic up by 0.28 kg from 10.14 kg in animals destined for human animals, aquaculture consolidated 2014.

Figure 2 – Comparison of World Capture and Aquaculture in the total FAO is mandated to collect production of aquaticanimals (excluding algae) annual statistics on fisheries and aquaculture worldwide for release 100 50 to the public as integral part of its regular programme of work. To

s 80 40 monitor and report on the sector

nne development status and trend, o 60 0 FAO also publish the State of st n

o World Fisheries and Aquaculture

illi 40 20

M biannually, which is largely based on the worldwide collected 20 10 statistics. However, the situation of national aquaculture statistics 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 collection and reporting to FAO Aquaculture Capture Aquaculture share (%) remains unsatisfactory. For 2015 data collection, FAO received data reports from 118 countries Figure 3 – Comparison of World Capture and Aquaculture in the and territories only, representing production of aquatic animals from marine and coastal brackish water 58% of the aquaculture producer (excluding algae) World Marine Capture vs Mariculture and coastal aquaculture (excluding countries and territories in the world. Irrespective of the

FROM THE STATISTICIAN’S DESK STATISTICIAN’S THE FROM 100 30% “developing” and “developed” 80 25% status, non-reporting countries s 20% include a considerable number 60 of global and regional major tonne 15% s aquaculture producer countries. 40 on i l l 10% Among the received data reports, Mi 20 5% the majority of them have 0 0% substandard reporting quality in 2000 2005 2010 2015 terms of completeness, timeliness, consistency and accuracy, etc. In Marine Capture Mariculture &Coastal Aquaculture the absence of national reporting (including incomplete reporting), Figure 4 – Comparison of World Capture and Aquaculture in the FAO has to harvest national data production of aquatic animals from inland water (excluding algae) World Inland Capture Fishery vs Inland Aquaculture (excluding algae) from known official sources or make estimates based on the best 60 85% available evidence from various 50 80% alternative sources. In 2015 about

s 66 million tonnes (88.7%) of

e 40 75% the world food fish aquaculture onn t 30 production quantity corresponds s 70%

on to reported data, while the rest i 20 ill (8.7 million tonnes, 21.3%) M 10 65% corresponds to harvested data 0 60% and FAO estimates. 2000 2005 2010 2015 Inland Capture Inland Aquaculture

8 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Tenth Session of the GFCM Scientific Advisory Committee on Aquaculture

The CAQ applauded the draft GFCM strategy for the sustainable development of Mediterranean and Black Sea aquaculture elaborated by the Task Force, acknowledging its ambitious goals, and agreed to submit it to the next session of MEETINGS AND EVENTS the GFCM (Montenegro, October 2017) in view of

©GFCM its endorsement. Specific Group photo of CAQ10 participants recommendations and advice he tenth session of the TScientific Advisory Committee on Aquaculture (CAQ) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) was held in Izmir, Turkey, from 27 to 29 March 2017. The meeting was attended by more than 50 delegates, representatives, experts and observers from ©GFCM 13 contracting parties (Albania, Members of the new and the old CAQ Bureau, GFCM Chairperson and Secretariat Algeria, Croatia, European Union, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, [Eurofish]), the FAO Fisheries and were formulated in relation to Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Aquaculture Department and the aquaculture market and industry, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey), GFCM Secretariat.This statutory licensing and leasing processes, 2 cooperating non-contracting session, which is organized on a aquaculture and the environment, parties (Georgia and Ukraine), biennial basis, enabled to review aquaculture multi-stakeholder 2 intergovernmental organizations the activities and progress achieved platforms and data submission (namely the International Union by the CAQ over the last two years and dissemination. In addition, the for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] and to discuss important issues 2017–2018 work plan was agreed and the International Organisation regarding the reorganization of the upon. Finally, the CAQ elected for the Development of Fisheries committee, the work of the GFCM its new Bureau with Mr Ramón in Central and Eastern Europe Task Force in charge of elaborating De La Figuera Morales (Spain) as a strategy for the sustainable Chairperson, Mr Houssam Hamza development of Mediterranean (Tunisia) as first Vice-Chairperson and Black Sea aquaculture, and Mr Özerdem Maltaş (Turkey) the Information System for the as second Vice-Chairperson. The Reported by: Promotion of Aquaculture in the next CAQ session will be held in Coline Carmignac Mediterranean (SIPAM) and in Spain in 2019. E-mail: [email protected] particular data submission and Dominique Bourdenet dissemination aspects, cooperation E-mail: [email protected] and technical assistance, as well Fabio Massa as the main priorities in the field SEE ALSO E-mail: [email protected] of aquaculture management and General Fisheries Commission for the research. GFCM website: Mediterranean (GFCM), Rome, Italy www.fao.org/gfcm/en

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 9 AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION ©FAO/V.CRESPI AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION • AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION • AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION

Pilot Implementation of Aquaculture Planning and Management Tools in Selected ASEAN Member States

ollowing recommendations Ffrom the 33rd Session of the APFIC (Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission), the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific implemented in 2013 a Regional Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) on “Aquaculture planning and management tools in selected ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Member States” in 2013. The pilot phase includes Indonesia, and Viet Nam as an important activity to support the implementation of FAO ©FAO ©FAO Signing ceremony of TCP/RAS/3511 between DGA-MMAR and FAO Representative Office in Indonesia

regional initiative on Blue Growth foundation for the effective in Asia-Pacific. implementation of the project Written by: through enhanced understanding The inception workshop for of all national and regional Miao Weimin the TCP took place in Bangkok, institutions involved in the project. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Thailand from 21–22 July 2016. Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand The main objective of the Fifteen participants including the E-mail: [email protected] workshop was to build a solid National Project Coordinator, key

10 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 government officials supporting Four 3-day regional training consultants. The piloting of the the project implementation workshops were conducted by tools will start right after the and representative of partner international consultants during national training. This project will organization participated in November 2016 to present and be completed by the end of 2017. the workshop. During the discuss the tools in Indonesia, The implementation of this workshop, the project outcome, Thailand and Viet Nam. A total of regional project will help validate outputs, and activities as well 35 participants, including national the practicality of the selected as the implementation modality consultants and project staff tools and enable the completion were presented and discussed. participated in each workshop. of the tools and corresponding Participating countries shared The workshop participants manuals. The experiences and background information for the commented on the manuals and lessons learnt from this pilot phase implementation of the project. suggested modifications to the should serve as a model/example Most importantly, each country tools. Guided by the international for participating countries, and team worked individually on consultants, each country team

could also benefit other countries PACIFIC THE AND ASIA developing the national workplan worked on the development who wish to apply these tools for implementing national project of an implementation plan for to strengthen their aquaculture activities, which was shared piloting each selected tool in their planning and management. among the national teams. respective country. This regional project will facilitate Following the project Each country team has been the implementation and further implementation plan, three working on the preparation of development of these and other international consultants national project activities, which relevant tools with FAO support. were recruited to prepare four include the national project To this end, the results of this manuals for tools selected by inception, national training for project, will be presented in a the participating countries which piloting the selected tools and regional workshop which will included (i) aquaculture ecological field piloting of the selected be organized for countries that carrying capacity assessment; tools. The national inception were not directly included in this (ii) aquaculture feasibility study; workshops and national training project. (iii) farm level biosecurity plan; are scheduled for March 2017 and (iv) aquaculture traceability. with the support of international

Building Capacities for Climate Resilient Tilapia Farming in the Philippines

ilapia is the second important production losses due to extreme The TCP also aimed to support Tfish species cultured in the climate events such as long the implementation of the FAO Philippines, which is of great heat waves. As the result, tilapia regional initiative on Blue Growth importance to the national food pond culture decreased by in the Philippines. security and nutrition. Tilapia 35 percent in the past 8 years, The TCP project started with an farmers have suffered significant imposing considerable threat to inception workshop which was the country’s food sufficiency held on 3 March 2015 in Manila. and livelihoods. To ensure Various project activities were adequate technical support to implemented according to the food security and livelihoods, a Written by: project design throughout the Technical Cooperation Programme 22 month implementation. Miao Weimin (TCP) project was approved to FAO Regional Office for Asia and the build the capacities of different A comprehensive assessment Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand stakeholder for climate resilient study was conducted on tilapia E-mail: [email protected] tilapia farming in the Philippines. farmers’ climate risk vulnerability

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 11 and viable livelihood options for selected areas in the Philippines. Based on this assessment, a package of science-based practical climate-resilient tilapia farming technologies and management practices were developed jointly by the national consultant and the project team. While focusing on climate resilient tilapia farming practices, local knowledge and farming practices of other aquaculture commodities (shellfish, milkfish, shrimp, , seaweed and mangrove ) related to climate change/viability adaptation were

documented and published as a MIAO ©FAO/W. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Terminal workshop of TCP/PHI/3502 Resources (BFAR) Aquaculture Technology Bulletin for sharing fishery development planning. (v) strengthening data collection with large number of farmers The web and mobile application and data management to support through serious of interactive were developed to support aquaculture schemes. events organized with support the operation of the system. A project terminal workshop from this TCP. The project also supported was conducted on 18 January the installation of Automated Farmer-friendly Information, 2017 in Manila. The project Weather Station (AWS) and and Communication ASIAAND THE PACIFIC thoroughly reviewed the project maintenance training courses for (IEC) products relating implementation and the main the AWS.

MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS tilapia aquaculture and agro- achievement. The project also meteorological concepts and pilot The project supported a identified the gaps in delivering testing of applying science-based comprehensive social-economics the project outcome and outputs. and practical climate-resilient analysis on tilapia farming The project developed a tilapia farming technologies, were in selected areas using a comprehensive approach to build conducted in Minalin, Pampanga questionnaire survey and other human capacity to increase the and Santiago city. interactive data collection tools. resilience of tilapia farming. Such The project also reviewed crop The project also supported the approach can be well adapted for insurance services and studied development and application of other aquaculture commodities the feasibility to apply a weather enabling tools and information and to a very large extent in the index based insurance scheme for systems for climate resilient Philippines. The outputs from tilapia farming. tilapia farming and local agro- this project will be shared with Based on the market and other countries in the region. To financial vulnerability of tilapia this end, a regional TCP project farmers to climate risks, the has been approved in 2017 following strategies were to support the scaling up of recommended: (i) better innovative rice-aquaculture and government support; climate resilient tilapia farming (ii) improved public services in five focus countries for the including extension and regional Blue Growth initiative. (iii) increased and improved Clearly, the outputs of this project dissemination of climate related and the lessons learnt in its information; (iv) mainstreaming implementation will be important aquaculture into local disaster technical inputs for the regional risk reduction management; and TCP project. ©FAO/M. HASAN ©FAO/M.

12 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Rice-Fish Culture: An integrated Approach to Efficient Resource Use

n rice production areas, overuse incomes, Iof pesticides and chemical and levels of fertilizers decreases terrestrial nutrition. and aquatic biodiversity while FAO has also negatively impacting human a rich health due to direct exposure to history of toxic pesticides and contaminated supporting water, pest resurgence, Rice-Fish degradation of natural resources work PACIFIC THE AND ASIA and decreases in production. around Moreover, aquatic biodiversity the world. from rice-based ecosystems,

Recently, in STANKUS A. often underappreciated and

September ©FAO/ undervalued, makes a significant of 2016, Old man and young children fishing in irrigation canals in contribution to food security in a workshop the Tasikmalaya District (Java, Indonesia) rural rice growing households as and study well as to the proper nutrition of tour was held in Yogyakarta, Pacific's Blue Growth Initiative, the family. Indonesia, in support to the FAO respectively. Rice-Fish culture is an ancient Regional Initiatives on Rice and In order to increase production technique practiced in many Blue Growth where participants in a socially, environmentally and areas around the world which is exchanged knowledge on economically sustainable manner, now receiving renewed interest. Farmer Field School curriculum resources need to be used more Rice-fish systems encompass a development for promotion of efficiently, at the same time wide range of aquatic species efficient rice farming practices, protecting human health and (including finfish, crustaceans, specifically Rice-Fish farming. Field natural resources without the mollusks, reptiles, insects, visits were made to the Sleman expansion of agricultural land. amphibians and aquatic plants) district of Java to observe the FAO’s ongoing work with partners used for consumption and/or Rice-Fish farming and a space-row on Rice-Fish is one such practice sale, and integrated farming rice planting system known as supporting the sustainable systems (concurrent, rotational, “jajar legowo” that provides more intensification of agriculture side-by-side using the same water space for the fish, both of which through integrated approaches to resources) which are practiced in were piloted by FAO and up efficient resource use. various intensities of input-use scaled by the Indonesian Ministry from the harvesting of wild fish to of Marine Affairs and Fisheries the introduction of cultured fish. and the Indonesian Ministry of SEE ALSO These techniques have brought Agriculture. triple-win benefits to farming Separately, Rice-Fish is an integral FAO Regional Rice Initiative: families by increasing yields, www.fao.org/asiapacific/ part of two regional training perspectives/regional-rice/en/ workshops on selected innovative FAO Sustainable Intensification of integrated agri-aquaculture Agriculture Production and Value systems and practices being held Chains: www.fao.org/africa/perspectives/ Written by: in 2017: the first by the Songhai agricultural-landscapes-africa/en Center in Porto Novo, Benin, and Austin Stankus FAO Asia and the Pacific's Blue the second by the Freshwater FAO Consultant Growth Initiative: Fisheries Research Center in E-mail: [email protected] www.fao.org/asiapacific/ Wuxi, China organized under the perspectives/blue-growth/en Matthias Halwart Regional Initiative on Sustainable Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta (eds.). FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Intensification of Agriculture 2004. Culture of fish in rice fields. Department, Rome, Italy Production and Value Chains FAO and The WorldFish Center. E-mail: [email protected] 83 p. www.fao.org/3/a-a0823e.pdf in Africa and the Asia and the

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 13 Improving Feed Formulation and Better Management Practices for and Milkfish Culture in the Philippines

ilkfish (Chanos Mchanos) and Nile tilapia ( niloticus) made up 57.5 and 39.1 percent, respectively, of the Philippines’ farmed finfish supply in 2015. Studies have found that substandard feed quality, poor water stability of feed and over feeding contributed to the

negative environmental ©FAO/L. GONZAL impact of aquaculture in Typical feeding technique used by pond farmers in the Philippines the country. Overfeeding results in excess nutrients and poor feed and feeding The work to improve feed quality entering the water column. Over a management. An analysis of began with a detailed literature number of production cycles, the the problem suggested however review of dietary requirements

ASIAAND THE PACIFIC excess nutrients accumulate on that a more effective approach for the two selected species. This the sea/lake bottom and degrade would be to cast the technical informed the preparation of a water quality. Oxygen level in the and environmental, and economic series of new feed formulations sediment beneath the cages goes problems into the broader sector for each species. The protein down making the aquaculture management - governance - components of all the dietary area prone to fish kill. perspective. Thus this three-year formulations were chosen project aimed at (i) improving feed according to their cost, availability Gradual degradation of the culture formulation and feeding strategy in the country (this information environment and economic loss for these two species, (ii) improving was derived from a baseline from recurring fish kills do stem feed conversion ratio (FCR), survey), and their suitability for directly from the linked technical (iii) formulating and promoting use in aquafeeds. In all four issues of substandard feed quality cost-effective feed using local trial formulations, the essential ingredients, (iv) improving feeding amino acid (EAA) levels were strategy to reduce FCR, feed calculated and where possible wastage and water pollution, balanced according to the and (v) providing guidelines for known dietary requirements. Written by: the feed manufacturers and the The four experimental tilapia Mohammad Hasan farmers. FAO carried out the diets were prepared to contain FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture project in cooperation with the 33.8 - 34.4 percent protein and Department, Rome, Italy Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture 7.2 - 7.9 percent lipid. The gross E-mail: [email protected] Department (IFAD) of the Bureau energy levels of the formulations Pedro B. Bueno of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources ranged between 17.3 - 18.0 MJ/kg. FAO Consultant (BFAR) of the Government Similarly the four experimental E-mail: [email protected] of the Philippines. A number milkfish diets were formulated Patrick White of International and National at crude protein levels varying FAO Consultant consultants provided the needed from 31.2 and 34.3 percent, at E-mail: [email protected] expertise. two crude lipid levels (5.6 and

14 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Feeding table for milkfish (Chanos chanos) to achieve an FCR of 1.5:1 sustainable industry. Milkfish daily feeding rate (SFR) The results and lessons Temp mean weight (gr.) min 20 35 48 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 learnt from this project max 35 48 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 < can be applied to 20 22 2.2 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 22 24 2.4 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 other countries in the 24 25 3.4 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 25 26 4.4 3.8 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 region and similar 26 27 5.8 4.8 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 27 28 7.2 5.8 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 studies financed for 28 29 8.2 7.2 6.2 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.2 other key aquaculture 29 30 9.6 8.2 7.0 6.0 5.6 5.2 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.6 30 31 9.8 8.6 7.4 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 species. Along with this 32 33 8.4 7.2 6.2 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.2 33 34 6.8 5.6 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 Technical Cooperation Project (TCP), three Feeding table for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to achieve an FCR of 1.2:1 other TCPs being Nile Tilapia daily feeding rate (SFR) implemented in South Temp mean weight (gr.) min 20 35 48 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 (Bangladesh and Sri

max 35 48 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 < PACIFIC THE AND ASIA 20 22 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Lanka) and Central 22 24 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 24 25 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 Asia (Kyrgyzstan) are 25 26 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 particularly designed 26 27 4.0 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 27 28 4.9 4.0 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 to improve feed quality 28 29 5.6 4.9 4.2 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 29 30 6.6 5.6 4.8 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 and use. Each project 30 31 6.7 5.9 5.1 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 32 33 5.8 4.9 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.5 had addressed a 33 34 4.7 3.8 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 number of fundamental 11.2 percent), and at gross energy best performing milkfish diet had and practical feed levels that ranged between a calculated crude protein level of production and use issues. 17.4 - 19.0 MJ/kg. 34.3 percent and crude lipid level Collectively the results of these of 11.2 percent. projects will provide a regional The second objective to improve recommendation. feeding strategy was informed by a The best performing formulation baseline survey of farmers’ feeding and feeding strategy were chosen SEE ALSO practice in pond and cage culture. and tested at farmer scale trials in From the survey indications, Taal Lake for tilapia and Bulacan FAO. 2010. Report of the FAO Expert three feeding strategies were for milkfish. The results are Workshop on On-farm feeding and developed and tested in small compared with the normal feed feed management in aquaculture. and feeding strategy used by the Manila, the Philippines, 13–15 experimental ponds and then September 2010. FAO Fisheries on-farm in cages and ponds. farmer. and Aquaculture Report. No. 949. These three strategies included the Rome, FAO. 37 pp. www.fao.org/ From the results of the trials as well docrep/013/i1915e/i1915e00.pdf development of detailed feeding as surveys on how farmers manage Ramakrishna, R., Shipton, T.A. & tables based on specific growth their farms and deal with risks, the Hasan, M.R. 2013. Feeding and rate potential and the desired feed project developed better feeding feed management of Indian major conversion rate (FCR), which were carps in Andhra Pradesh, India. FAO management practice guidelines, a Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical 1.2 for Nile tilapia and 1.5 for strategy on how farmers can cope Paper No. 578. Rome, FAO. 90 pp. milkfish. To determine a feeding with production and marketing www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3146e/ rate (percent body weight/day), risks, and recommendations on i3146e.pdf the US Soybean Export Council governing the feed Hasan, M.R. & New, M.B., eds. (USSEC) “90 percent satiation 2013. On-farm feeding and feed sub-sector. These were validated management in aquaculture. FAO feeding technique” and standard and finalised during a stakeholders Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical commercial feeding tables were workshop held in Manila in Paper No. 583. Rome, FAO. 67 pp. used as guidances. Includes a CD–ROM containing the December 2016. full document (585 pp.). www.fao. org/docrep/019/i3481e/i3481e.pdf The four feed formulations and Improving feed formulation three feeding strategies were Hasan, M.R. & Arthur, J.R., eds. and feeding strategy for key 2015. Aquaculture seed and feed tested for each species at small- aquaculture species reduces production and management scale trials. The best performing production costs for the farmer, in Bangladesh- Status, issues tilapia feed had a calculated crude reduces nutrient waste output to and constraints. FAO Non-Serial Publication. Rome, FAO. 106 pp. protein level of 34.4 percent and the environment leading to a more www.fao.org/3/a-i4945e.pdf crude lipid level of 7.4 percent. The economical and environmentally

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 15 EUROPE O 16 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No.56 Power of Research and Innovation Renewable Energy Resources through the Unlocking the Potential of our Marine and to prepare forthe‘future a callin2014askingresearchers European Commissiontopublish overcrowded. Thisledthe space ascoastalareas become so doesthecompetitionfor activity increases, however, for leisure activities.Asmaritime and transportopportunities natural resources, accesstotrade of economicgrowth. Theyprovide Our oceansare importantdrivers supply andenergy. issues such as security of food solve some of the world’s major focus on the worlds’ oceans to reaching their limit it is timely to population and uses of land areas Moreover, withanevergrowing growth and resource use. immense opportunity for economic unused and can potentially provide the world’s oceanspaceremains space. Thus, significant areas of E-mail: County Cork,Ireland Associations) MaREIERI,UCC, Consortium ofResearchStaff Chair ofICoRSA (International project. Lead coordinatorofMARIBEH2020 Gordon Dalton E-mail: [email protected] Department, Rome,Italy FAO FisheriesandAquaculture José Aguilar Manjarrez Written by: surface is taken up by ocean surface istakenupbyocean ver 70 percent of the world’s [email protected]

The primaryobjectiveofMARIBE Development solution contributed totheproject. the Netherlands,includingFAO, Belgium, Spain,Italy, Maltaand from Ireland, UnitedKingdom, in Ireland. Atotalof11partners at theUniversityCollegeCork and RenewableEnergy(MaREI) was ledbytheCentre forMarine Horizon 2020programme. It under theEuropean Commission’s 2 millioneuros (USD2200000) 18 monthsandatotalbudgetof March 2015,withadurationof The MARIBEproject startedin and jobswithintheBlueEconomy. with theaimofpromoting growth (MARIBE) project wasinitiated Investment intheBlueEconomy to thiscallthattheMarine of ourseas.Itwasinresponse smarter andmore sustainable use this callwasdesignedtopromote competition forspaceincreased, to movefurtheroffshore as Expecting economicactivities innovative offshore economy’. five ‘BlueGrowth (BG)’sectors; The MARIBEproject covered the and enablingfuture growth. increasing theirchancesofsurvival greatly from thesynergies created, industries thatcouldbenefit attention tonewandemerging and resources. Itpaidparticular more efficient useofspace built platforminorder tomake the sameplaceoronaspecifically of combiningmaritimesectorsin was toinvestigatethepotential ■

APRIL 2017 – MARIBE conducted: In order toachieveitsaim, and . offshore hydrocarbons, shipping ‘Blue Economy’sectors;fisheries, MARIBE alsoincludedthefour biotechnology andseabedmining. tide), energy(offshore wind), aquaculture, energy(wave and – – –

trends andEUpolicyinthe A studyon“ Economy industries. that liebehindBlueGrowth/ and mapthebusinessmodels and assessment A “ investment; practices andkeybarriersfor environment, aswellbest the current investment consultation An “ multi-use platforms; sectors shared marinespaceor barriers thatexistedwhentwo combination andtoidentifythe at barriersbysectorandalso Blue Growthsectors non-technical barriersfacing A studyon“ Basin, andtheCaribbeanBasin; Mediterranean andBlacksea Baltic basin,Atlantic of theseabasinsunderstudy sectors wasconductedforeach frameworks thatappliedtothe the policyandplanning perspective. Areview of lifecycle andsocio-economic each sectorfrom abusiness offshore economy Business modelmapping Investment community ” toassess Socio-economic Technical and ” toanalyze ”, toreview ”, tolook Building on the above studies, DNB Norway (i.e. Norway's largest Potential for upscaling MARIBE then assessed the financial services group), Scottish In the MARIBE final report potential for each of sector falling Investment Bank, Offshore delivered directly to the European within its scope to combine their Renewable Energy (ORE) Catapult, Commission in late 2016, MARIBE activities with those of other Blue International Energy Agency as recommended that further Growth or Blue Economy sectors. well as relevant trade associations funding should be given to the The potential for combination including the European combination of maritime sectors. was rated from a technical, Aquaculture Society, Federation of Based on MARIBE’s review of the environmental, socio-economic, European Aquaculture Producers funds invested to date by the financial and commercial and the World Ocean Council. The commission and MARIBE case perspective. This resulted in the event, which was held in Brussels study projects investigated, a identification of 24 potential on the 15-16 of June 2016, gave series of calls for proposals were Blue growth combinations. Blue the companies an opportunity recommended with a budget of Growth Companies were then to communicate their projects approximately 35 million euros matched to the chosen Blue to industry experts and receive (USD 40 000 000) in the next Growth combinations which were impartial advice. Their feedback round of Horizon 2020 funding then shortlisted in liaison with was recorded and incorporated calls to promote multi-use of the European Commission. This when revising the final reports of space projects. short list formed the basis for the each project. selection of nine case studies of Conclusions Key results combination concepts. Table 1 Economic activities in Europe‘s lists the nine case studies, the The main results included: two seas and coasts are expected studies on socio-economic trends to intensify, diversify and companies that participated, their EUROPE relevant Blue growth sectors and and EU policy in the offshore expand further offshore. The appropriate basis (Table 1). economy and technical and development of large scale non-technical barriers facing Blue activities offshore and in deep To maximize the opportunity Growth sectors, respectively, in sea areas requires overcoming for each case study to develop four sea basins; an investment a series of technological and a robust business case, projects community consultation; a non-technological challenges and were reviewed by an independent business model mapping assessment of the most promising panel of experts. The companies and assessment; 24 potential and sustainable business models. involved presented their business combinations for BG/BE sectors; One way to make use of our seas case to the panel of experts which nine sector combinations (or case in a more sustainable and less included representatives from studies); and a two-day advisory disruptive manner is to combine Ernst & Young, Black & Veatch, session. different activities at sea, either multiple-use of space or in multi- Table 1 – Selected maritime sector combinations purpose platforms. Case Basin Sector 1 Sector 2 Companies study The MARIBE project met the 1 Atlantic Floating Wave www.floatingpowerplant.com expectations of the European Offshore Wind Commission by generating 2 Canaries - Aquaculture Floating Besmar, Cobra, ACS valuable information on how Atlantic Offshore Wind 3 Caribbean - Floating terminal/ Aquaculture www.portdeguyane.fr various combinations of marine French Guiana Shipping activities are (or could become) 4 Atlantic Floating terminal/ Wave http://floatinc.com financially viable. A follow- Shipping up activity to this effort by 5 Atlantic Wave Aquaculture www.wavedragon.net www.seaweedenergysolutions. MARIBE and/or FAO could be to com/en generate more detailed financial 6 Mediterranean Wave Aquaculture http://albatern.co.uk information about the operational www.aquabt.com aspects of offshore mariculture 7 Atlantic Wave Floating www.jjc.ie Offshore Wind for different farming systems in 8 North Sea Aquaculture Fixed Offshore order to fully understand potential Wind synergy between aquaculture and 9 Mediterranean Floating Desalination www.ecowindwater.gr Offshore Wind other maritime activities.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 17 SEE ALSO

Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. 2016. Horizon 2020: Promoting sustainable aquaculture. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, No. 55, pp 26–27. FAO. 2015. Achieving Blue Growth through implementation of the Floating Power Plant is a Danish Code of Conduct for Responsible company that develops the world's Fisheries. Policy Brief. Rome, FAO. only offshore proven combined wind (also available at www.fao.org/ and wave system with the goal of fileadmin/user_upload/newsroom/ producing competitive power at docs/BlueGrowth_LR.pdf). water depths over 45 meters. J.J. Campbell and Associates To learn more about the MARIBE www.floatingpowerplant.com/ in partnership with Wave Energy project, and its key results, please Ireland to develop clean, renewable visit the project website at: and sustainable technologies to www.maribe.eu convert the abundant wind and wave energy resource available off the west coast of Ireland, and at other locations around the world, to Definitions used in the MARIBE usable electrical power project: www.jjc.ie/j-j-campbell-in- Blue Growth is the long-term renewable-energy-sector strategy to support sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors. “Blue” refers to all marine Ecowindwater has designed a related affairs, “Growth” refers to multiuse platform to address the new innovative technologies that scarcity of freshwater and energy have high potential for creating commodities in identified domestic new jobs and economic growth for and global markets. the future. www.ecowindwater.gr/ Blue economy refers to all existing ViewShopStaticPage.as EUROPE marine enterprises and implies that px?ValueId=1997 they are at a matured or developed phase of the life cycle. Synergies: Blue economy provides experience, lessons learnt, and The MERMAID project, consisting possibly financial investment to the of a consortium of 28 partners, newer Blue Growth sectors, while will develop concepts for a next Blue Growth reinvigorates declining generation offshore platforms for Blue Economy with new business multi- use of ocean space for energy models, allowing Blue economy extraction, aquaculture and platform either to re-invent itself , or to related transport diversify its portfolio. Float Incorporated is a corporation www.vliz.be/projects/ providing services that include mermaidproject/index.html research, design and development of marine oriented products and specializes in very large floating platforms. http://floatinc.com/AboutUs.aspx

Grand Port Maritime de Guyane is developing a floating multi-use Albatern. Clean, green electricity terminal. The platform will serve from the waves. WaveNET is a three main sectors – shipping radical new wave energy device that (container transfer hub), oil & gas Wavedragon. Pioneering large captures energy from ocean waves logistics hub, and aquaculture scale ocean energy solution for bulk and converts it into sustainable low- support. electricity generation. carbon electricity. www.portdeguyane.fr www.wavedragon.net http://albatern.co.uk

18 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Enhancing the Quality of Fisheries and Aquaculture Emergency Preparedness and Response in the Near East and North Africa Region NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

he FAO Regional Office for Tthe Near East and North Africa (FAO-RNE) organized a Regional Training on Fisheries and Aquaculture Emergency Response, in collaboration with the WorldFish in the premises of the Africa Aquaculture Research and Training Center in Abbassa, Egypt, 5-7 December 2016. Twenty participants attended the training from Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine, Syria, Sudan and Yemen. They covered a wide range of expertise and institutions, from fisheries and aquaculture ministerial

and marine research centres staff to ©FAO civil society and non-governmental Group photo during the Regional Training organizations representatives and FAO emergency national FAO-RNE. Regretfully the situation The training programme was staff. With the aim to establish a is likely to continue into the near regional network of experts from built upon the FAO Guidelines future, as the impacts of climate both fisheries and aquaculture as “Fisheries and Aquaculture change and protracted crises such well as emergency backgrounds, sector on Damage and Needs as conflict are not likely to soften appropriately informed and trained Assessments in Emergencies” soon. The overall aim of the three in this area of work. and “Fisheries and Aquaculture days’ training was to develop Emergency Response Guidance” Responding to emergencies and regional and national capacity to (More details on the guidelines in disasters, whether natural or respond to emergencies affecting the "SEE ALSO" box). human induced, has become an the fisheries and aquaculture important part of the work of sectors and to build back better. The training was based on More specifically, the learning practical case studies and exercises objectives of the training were conducted both in groups and to understand the relationship plenary. Presentations on fisheries between fisheries, aquaculture, and aquaculture characteristics emergency, food security and and how these can be affected Written by: livelihoods; and to assess post- by an emergency, offered Paula Anton disaster needs and to identify an overview of the essential E-mail: [email protected] appropriate best practice responses contribution of the two sectors to Haydar Fersoy and standards, both, in emergency the livelihoods and food security E-mail: [email protected] interventions in fisheries and in the region. The context of the FAO Regional Office for the Near aquaculture. humanitarian work was presented East and North Africa, Cairo, Egypt and trainees learned about the

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 19 different types of assessments needed and the importance of considering always all the steps of the value chain in post-emergency studies. An important part of the training was focused on common best practices in emergency, fisheries and aquaculture. Per request of the participants, a larger session was organized on the aquaculture best management practices (BMP), as the sector is gaining importance in the region and the emergency response actions on aquaculture are completely unknown. Special attention ©FAO Trainees formulating fisheries and aquaculture emergency response programs was given to the opportunity of “Building Back Better” that an emergency status could offer to There is a crucial need to SEE ALSO the aquaculture sector. During strengthen the work on fisheries the training, the following points and aquaculture emergency Brown, D. & Poulain, F. (eds). 2013 were presented and widely response to reinforce the resilience Guidelines for the fisheries and discussed: (i) chance to improve of the fishing and aquaculture aquaculture sector on damage and needs assessments in the zoning and density of farms; communities all along the Near emergencies. Rome, FAO. 114 pp. (ii) building the farms more East and North Africa Region. For www.fao.org/3/a-i3433e.pdf environmental friendly; (iii) use this reason, FAO is working on Cattermoul, B.; Brown, D. & NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA NORTH AND EAST NEAR of technologies that are more the translation of the guidelines Poulain, F. (eds). 2014. Fisheries into Arabic; and FAO-RNE has and aquaculture emergency suitable; (iv) developing financial response guidance. Rome, FAO. services for farmers; (v) include started, following a participant’s 167 pp. bio-security and risk assessment request, to mobilize funds to www.fao.org/3/a-i3432e.pdf measures; and (vi) ensuring the organize national trainings, most FAO Regional Office for Near East rehabilitation is in-line with the likely during 2017, to begin with and North Africa www.fao.org/neareast government policies. Mauritania, Yemen and the sub- WorldFish Center regional office of North Africa. www.worldfishcenter.org ©FAO/V. CRESPI

20 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Technical Workshop on Marine Cage Culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran

ue to favourable environmental national Dand socio-economic conditions, and regional The Islamic Republic of Iran has governmental NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA good potential for marine cage officers, culture, particularly off its southern equipment coast. At present, the government suppliers and is strongly supporting the investors). In expansion of the sector through his opening SHIRIAN A.

the Iranian Research Institute remarks, ©FAO/ (IFO) and adequate policies and Mr Serge Floating cages for , production capacity of incentives to encourage the Nakouzi, FAO 300 tonnes, located in Karoon 4 Dam in Lordegan, Islamic private sector to invest. However, Representative Republic of Iran lack of technical capacity is one to the Islamic of the major constraints that the Republic of Iran underscored the The Iranian Research Institute country is facing for cage culture increasingly significant role played expressed strong interest for to further expand. To this end, a by aaquaculture and notably by technical assistance by FAO. technical workshop on “Marine mariculture in ensuring global and FAO could have an important cage culture in the Islamic Republic national food security amidst a role to play in order to: (i) provide of Iran” was organized by the Iran growing demand. He suggested guidance on sustainable Fisheries Organization (SHILAT) of that developing marine cage aquaculture development; the Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture culture in the Islamic Republic of (ii) stimulate multi-stakeholder with support of FAO’s Fisheries Iran would benefit the country dialog to work towards ensuring and Aquaculture Department. The in responding to its growing long-term sustainable aquaculture; objective of the workshop was to demand for aquaculture products. and (iii) promote the use of provide a technical overview on The country has some 50 years’ appropriate activities and marine cage culture in the Islamic experience in aquaculture, mainly tools/models (e.g. carrying Republic of Iran to enable IFO be in pond culture of freshwater fish capacity) to improve ownership in a better position to develop a including major Chinese carps and and understanding of the programme outline. the rainbow trout. planning processes for marine cage culture development and of The workshop took place from The workshop was in the form of the contribution of fish to food 26–29 September 2016, at the plenary presentations followed security and nutrition. Follow-up Iranian Fisheries Organization by facilitated discussions. FAO actions include the preparation of in Tehran. It was opened by aquaculture officers presented a “road map” for Iranian marine Mr Hossein Abdolhay, Head of a global perspective on “cage cage culture that would prioritize Aquaculture Department, Iranian aquaculture development” and immediate to long-term activities, Fisheries Organization to more “marine spatial planning”. In and propose responsibilities, than 100 participants from all over addition, there were nine technical leadership and participation of the country (including researchers, presentations from different various institutions. experts covering: site selection for cage culture in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Caspian SEE ALSO Written by: sea; suitable species for cage Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez culture in the Islamic Republic of BLOGS FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Iran; traditional cage nets and FAO Stresses Criticality of Marine Department, Rome, Italy setting up a commercial farm; Cage Culture for Iran www.fao.org/iran/news/detail- E-mail: [email protected] research needs for cage culture events/en/c/436254 Alessandro Lovatelli development; mooring design in offshore cage farming; and Developing sustainable mariculture FAO Regional Office for Latin in Iran America and the Caribbean recirculation aquaculture systems www.fao.org/blogs/blue-growth- Santiago, Chile for fry production. blog/developing-sustainable- E-mail: [email protected] mariculture-in-iran/en

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 21 Third Regional Consultation on the Establishment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Aquaculture and Fisheries Organization (RAAFO)

he FAO Regional Office Tfor the Near East and North Africa and the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, in collaboration with the Coordination Group (Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Sudan), convened the Regional Consultation for the Establishment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Aquaculture and Fisheries Organization (RAAFO), in Cairo, Arab

Republic of Egypt, from 28 ©FAO-RNE November to 01 December Group photo of participants 2016. It was attended by participants from Egypt, Eritrea, Jordan, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, itself, which has undergone a number of revisions in addition to the FAO secretariat. Djibouti and at these meetings. Key items on the consultation NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA NORTH AND EAST NEAR Somalia sent their apologies. agenda included reviewing the draft Convention Agreement, and discussing the financial aspects and The concerned Arab and African countries sustainability of RAAFO. requested the technical assistance to FAO at the 28th Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI), held This third official consultation yielded a number in Rome from 2-6 March 2009, for the establishment of key outcomes, with clear ways forward and of a regional fisheries management organization in actions for both FAO and potential RAAFO member the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Significant progress countries. The consultation exercise and its had been made since 2011, including the convening outcomes mark an important shift of responsibility of four meetings and consultations, and resulting in and ownership to the potential member countries. four key draft documents, including the Convention It was decided that consultation participants would communicate the progress made and facilitate high- level support to ensure continued work on RAAFO. Additionally, further review and feedback on the draft English and Arabic texts would be provided Written by: from each country. The Coordination Group would Piero Mannini take on the role to receive the feedback and FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy comments and reconcile the Arabic and English E-mail: [email protected] texts; once the texts are finalized and circulated Lori Curtis to the eight Arab and African coastal countries of FAO consultant, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, a meeting of the Rome, Italy plenipotentiaries may be convened. Regarding the E-mail: [email protected] financial aspects of RAAFO, different options were Alessandro Lovatelli considered, but it was considered too early to make FAO Regional Office for Latin America and the any decisions on financial commitments. Caribbean, Santiago, Chile E-mail: [email protected]

22 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 The Importance of Aquaculture in North Africa is Increasing

SUMMARY five countries in North Africa: and management of the sector. In quaculture is a quite recent Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco many countries, governance and and Mauritania. The current regulation of the sector are carried Aactivity in the North Africa NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA region. Indeed, in the Maghreb contribution of aquaculture to out by more than one authority, area from Mauritania to Libya, fish consumption and to the leading to poor management aquaculture, whether marine or GDP in the region is insignificant strategies and policies and overlaps freshwater, has not yet crossed (except in Tunisia). In addition, in fisheries and aquaculture the threshold where it can be the aquaculture sector is generally legislation. However, governments considered as a competitive sector fragile and highly sensitive to are making important efforts to compared to capture fisheries. external pressure, including develop the sector to respond environmental, economic, social internal market demand for fish This article provides some insights and financial conditions. There are and for creation of employments. on aquaculture development in also several gaps in governance

L’aquaculture en Afrique du Nord gagne du terrain

'aquaculture de façon générale Lest une activité récente en Afrique du Nord. En effet, dans l’espace Maghrébin situé entre la Mauritanie et la Lybie, l’aquaculture qu’elle soit marine ou d’eau douce n’a pas encore franchi le seuil où elle peut être considérée comme une activité compétitive de la pêche de capture. Bien que les acquis soient sensiblement différents d'un pays

à l'autre, en raison notamment FAO/L. BIGARRÉ © de conditions physiques multiples Harvesting gilthead seabream from a floating cage, Monastir, Tunisia ou d’abondance de ressources Récolte de dorade royale d’une cage flottante, Monastir, Tunisie

marines qui font que certains pays pêche de capture et la croissance ont négligé volontairement son de la production aquacole comme développement. Les productions solution future. Written by: aquacoles dans la sous-région Au niveau de la sous-région les Cherif Toueilib enregistrent une progression expérimentations et pratiques FAO Sub regional Office for North régulière et de nombreuses études capitalisées traduisent la Africa, Tunis, Tunisia et expérimentations ont été E-mail: [email protected] volonté des pays d’aller en conduites pour promouvoir cette Valerio Crespi avant vers un développement activité avec une motivation de FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture du secteur aquacole ce qui plus en plus justifiée par la baisse Department, Rome, Italy correspond bien aux programme continue des rendements de la E-mail: [email protected] de développement durable à

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 23 l’horizon 2030 de la pêche et de en grossissement. Néanmoins la Mauritanie a élaboré avec l’aquaculture présenté lors de les efforts récents de l’Algérie l’appui de la FAO une ébauche la 32ième Session du Comité des en matière de promotion de de plan de développement de pêches (COFI) de la FAO, tenu le l’aquaculture en milieu désertique l’aquaculture et de la pêche 11-15 Juillet 2016 à Rome, Italie et marin ont permis de faire un continentale. Des initiatives (COFI/2016/Info.20 - état des lieux du secteur au niveau privées ont été conduites il y a www.fao.org/3/a-mq652f.pdf). national et aussi des conditions quelques années déjà tant pour physiques et environnementales. le grossissement des huitres Prise individuellement, la Tunisie A travers des subventions creuses1 dans la Baie de l’Etoile. a développé une expérience financières et le support technique Aussi une expérimentation d’une importante tant au plan technique du gouvernement, l’objectif durée de 4 ans dans la Baie de et scientifique qu’au plan de final est celui d’accélérer le l’Etoile, avec un appui de la la production. Les espèces développement du secteur tant en coopération allemande (GIZ), qui ont été expérimentée en milieu continental que marin. a permis de tester la faisabilité Tunisie et qui ont réussi sont technique de l’élevage des notamment, la dorade royale Depuis 2007, la FAO a fourni bivalves à l’intérieur de la Baie du (Sparus aurata), le bar européen assistance technique au Lévrier. Cet élevage se compose (Dicentrarchus labrax), le tilapia gouvernement, à travers plusieurs d’huîtres creuse du Pacifique ainsi que les palourdes en plus programmes de coopération (Crassostrea gigas) importées sous d’expérimentation sur l’élevage technique (PCT) notamment, forme de naissains, de palourdes de poisson en eau douce. La TCP/ALG/3103 : Support à croisées d'Europe (Ruditapes dorade royale, le bar européen l’aquaculture saharienne et la decussatus), de moules (Perna et les palourdes représentent les valorisation des étangs salés perna) et de coques communes principales espèces produites (2007-2008); TCP/ALG/3402 : (Cerastoderma edule). Au stade pour la consommation nationale Programme d’assistance technique actuel, la production annuelle et l’exportation vers le marché pour le développement de mauritanienne, estimée à moins européen. l’aquaculture en milieu désertique de 10 tonnes, reste très modeste. en Algérie (2013-2014) ; Le Maroc qui élève des espèces NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA NORTH AND EAST NEAR A cette production expérimentale TCP/ALG/3501 Appui technique piscicoles dulcicoles s’oriente à caractère commercial, s’ajoute à l’exécution du Programme de désormais vers la production des une autre à caractère social développement de l’aquaculture poissons d’eau de mer avec un axée sur la pisciculture dans le 2015-2020 et perspectives, objectif ambitieux de 200 000 plan d’eau de Bakhaw (Boghé) filière aquaculture marine. Ces tonnes par ans d’où la mise encouragée par la FAO et programmes ont permis aux en place récente d’une agence l’UNICEF. Actuellement la FAO, fonctionnaires du Ministère de dédiée à l’aquaculture, l’Agence dans le cadre d’un PCT, conduit l'Agriculture, du Développement Nationale pour la l’Aquaculture des études sur les perspectives de rural et de la Pêche de mieux (ANDA). L’ANDA actuellement développement de la pisciculture suivre la validation et le lancement en partenariat avec la FAO est et de la pêche continentale dans de projets aquacoles de la part des en train de développer et valider les plans et affluents d’eau douce investisseurs privés. Actuellement la stratégie nationale du secteur du pays. 25 projets aquacoles (production aquacole. de dorade, de bar en cages, de En Lybie, le programme En Algérie, les réalisations sont moules et d'huitres sur filières) UTF/LIB/047/LIB « Libya Umbrella moins significatives, limitées à des sont opératifs le long de la cote programme to support fisheries » opérations de repeuplements des algérienne. a prévu une composante plans d'eau continentaux avec spécifique au développement de En Mauritanie et en Lybie des alevins de poissons dulcicoles, l’aquaculture en milieu marin. Le l’aquaculture demeure encore au importées le plus souvent, ainsi projet vise à doter le centre de stade embryonnaire. Cependant, que de coquillages placées

1 A marée haute, impossible de localiser l’emplacement des parcs à huîtres. C’est à marée basse, lorsque l’eau de la Baie se retire vers l’Océan, que les dizaines de poches en plastique tressé font leur apparition. Comme un mirage. Semés en février 2008, les premiers 'naissains' ont donné dix mois plus tard des huîtres pleines et généreuses. « J’ai été extrêmement surpris de la vitesse avec laquelle nous avons pu obtenir des huîtres commercialisables, explique Eric Pannequin, consultant français depuis deux ans sur le projet, qui ajoute : A titre de comparaison, en Europe il faut en moyenne 24 à 36 mois pour produire une huître ». La Mauritanie, connue jusqu’ici pour ses eaux très poissonneuses, pourrait aussi se révéler un petit paradis conchylicole (Extrait de l’article. La Mauritanie : futur eldorado pour les huîtres ? Par Manon Rivière article publié le 22/01/2009 dernière et diffusé sur Radio France Internationale).

24 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 recherche de Tajoura d’une écloserie et d’une unité d’élevage de poissons avec l’objectif de promouvoir cette activité au moyen et long terme afin d’attendre NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA une production commerciale. Une partie du montant de l’ordre de plus de 8 millions de dollars sera consacrée au renforcement des capacités des fonctionnaires et experts nationaux. Dans au moins FAO/V. CRESPI quatre pays, © l’Algérie, le Maroc, Nile tilapia harvesting in a concrete pond in the desert, Ouargla, Algeria la Mauritanie et la Récolte de tilapia du Nil dans un bassin en ciment en milieu désertique, Ouargla, Algérie Tunisie, il y a une véritable ambition de technico-économiques en plus – L’accès aux intrants en développer l’aquaculture marine d’autres contraintes liées au particulier les alevins, l’aliment et d’eau douce qui se traduit manque de moyens financiers et et l’équipent représentent des dans les instruments politiques de connaissances techniques et éléments essentiels pour un à savoir les stratégies nationales scientifiques. développement durable du de développement du secteur secteur. et les plans de gestion qui ont D’autres préoccupations – La formation et l’encadrement accordé une place de plus en plus liées au suivi des facteurs des investisseurs privés et des importante au secteur aquacole. environnementaux et des aspects techniciens aquacoles. Dans certains cas ils ont mis en pathologiques sont souvent – La pathologie : conditions place des organes institutionnels évoquées par les responsables. Ils d’élevage, les maladies dédiés spécifiquement au secteur nécessitent une prise en charge notamment prévention et en plus de l’effort conduit par en vue d’assurer une bonne contrôle. leur institutions de recherches gouvernance. Par le passé, le – Les coûts de production, les en matière de prospection secteur aquacole a souffert marchés et les investissements. et d’analyse des conditions d’une mauvaise compréhension favorables à la promotion liée à des questions de qualité Malgré ces contraintes, on de l’aquaculture. En matière environnementale des sites peut conclure que le débat sur d’aménagement des zones exploités. l’intérêt de l’aquaculture et de sa contribution future à l’alimentation allouées à l’aquaculture (AZA), De nombreuses difficultés sont dépassés tant au plan la Tunisie et l’Algérie ont fait nécessitent d’être écartées. international qu’au niveau de la des progrès importants dans Il s’agit : sous-région: Il serait souhaitable l’identification des AZAs le long – Des questions de gestion des de passer au stade de l’analyse et de leurs façades maritimes. espaces adaptés à l’aquaculture. du diagnostic vers une production Mais d’une façon générale on Cela pose des problèmes de industrielle durable en aquaculture. peut affirmer que l’aquaculture cohabitation et des confits dans cette sous-région, est possibles avec les autres activités encore freinée par de nombreux économiques et industrielles. obstacles d’ordre, juridique,

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 25 Inclusion of Fish in School Feeding Programs: Recent Efforts in Latin America

he benefits of fish to human Thealth have been extensively researched, reviewed and published worldwide over the last 15 years. As a result, increased social awareness has led to the highest historic world average per capita consumption of fish (20 kg per annum according to FAO, 2016). Nonetheless, fish consumption among and within global regions is very asymmetric. In Latin America, FAOSLM

whilst the average annual per © capita consumption is 9 kg, a Alejandro Flores (FAO-Officer) facilitates the discussion during the sub-regional wide variance among populations forum is observed (0-36 kg/caput/ annum). This is also true among Within this context, FAO´s Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica age groups of countries of the regional strategies and actions and Panama. in the region to combating both region, with less fish consumed The objective of such fora are hunger and malnutrition include by children. Moreover in many threefold: i) Sensitize the non- strengthening school feeding LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN THE AND AMERICA LATIN territories, under- and/or fisheries authorities on the programs (SFP) in rural areas. malnutrition are combined with benefits of fish consumption Legal frameworks and policies, a lack of good sources of quality on infants´ health. This is done linkages between SFP and small- proteins, fats and micronutrients, through scientific information and scale farmers, basic infrastructure, which fish readily provides. success stories of fish inclusion in as well as local community and SFP; ii) Promote inter-institutional The overall stunting prevalence in institutional capacities, are thus articulation of fisheries, health children under 5 years old in LAC built or improved through such and education authorities, to countries amounted to 11.3% programs. However, fisheries and synergize in the implementation (6.1 million children) in 2015 aquaculture products have not of national actions to promote and almost 4 million of obese been traditionally included. children (FAO-OPS-OMS, 2017). the inclusion of fish in SFP´s, This proportion is much larger in In 2016, a regional strategy and iii) to formulate collectively many rural indigenous populations was designed to include fish a road map for the design and of mid-altitudes and highlands; in SFP. The approach has been implementation of a pilot-scale for example in Guatemala, to liaise with key sectorial project to include fish in SFP´s in where such an indicator can national authorities (i.e. fisheries, territories with high prevalence of reach as much as 55% in some education and health authorities) stunting and/or child obesity. or parliamentarians involved communities (ENSMI, 2016). Even though the program is in SFP or fisheries. A series of still in its early stages, results national fora have been organized so far are encouraging. In jointly with such institutions in Mexico, the Senate is already Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia Written by: discussing modifying the SFP and Paraguay; as well as another Alejandro Flores legal framework, to include at a Sub-regional level with FAO Regional Office for Latin fish (). In Paraguay the participation of all Central America and the Caribbean, inclusion of fish has already been American countries, namely Panama City, Panama approved, and pilot-scale projects E-mail: [email protected] Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, have started in marginalized

26 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 territories of Costa Rica, Guatemala and Honduras. SEE ALSO Beyond the nutritional benefits ENSMI. 2016. Encuesta Nacional del Sector Salud de Guatemala, 2014-2015. expected from this program, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social/Instituto de Salud Pública/

the linkage of small-scale fisher Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Guatemala, 87p. LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN folk and aquaculture farmers FAO. 2016. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to the SFP as suppliers, will also to food security and nutrition for all. Rome. 200 pp. contribute to the local economy FAO-OPS-OMS. 2017. Panorama de la Seguridad Alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación of rural fishing and aquaculture y la Agricultura/Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización communities. Mundial de la Salud. Santiago, Chile, 175p. www.fao.org/paraguay/noticias/detail-events/en/c/428179

Contributions of Aquaculture to Rural Development in the Central American “Dry Corridor"

he dry corridor is an eco- access to food, and the region aquaculture to become a key Tregion in Central American is characterized by high rates of sector in local development. characterized by dry tropical undernourishment (especially In Guatemala, the National forests. It includes the Pacific among children), poverty and Programme for the Integration coastal areas, and most of the migration to the larger cities or of Aquaculture into Family central pre-mountain region of El other countries. Agriculture (PRONIAAF) was Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, FAO has promoted rural developed by the Directorate Nicaragua, Guanacaste in Costa development policies with a of Fisheries (DIPESCA) into the Rica and Panama’s Arco Seco. territorial approach through Ministry of Agriculture and The area is distinguished by consultative processes, with the Livestock (MAGA), and has limited infrastructure and natural participation of different actors contributed to better coordinated resources that securing continued and users and implemented plans such as the programmes access to suitable livelihoods for by the local governments. This for improved access to water the population, and to ensure approach has catalysed the for agriculture, programme a minimal level of resilience, integration and coordination for inclusive markets, public particularly in rural areas. As between the governments and purchases, among others. result, the population has a civil society and has led to better huge social dispersion, limited An example of this is the inclusion and more sustainable results in of aquaculture into a project the field and has allowed the for water access titled “Model countries to confront the different for development Thismuntique problems in this zone. village, making efficient use National programmes to of water” it was developed Written by: strengthen the aquaculture in by the local government in John Jorgensen the responsible institutions, and Chiquimula Guatemala with E-mail: [email protected] the inclusion of the sector in technical assistance of FAO. One Carlos Pulgarin the planning of the Ministries of the main results was that the E-mail: [email protected] of Agriculture have facilitated livelihoods of a high number of FAO Regional Office for Latin better coordination among families was increased through America and the Caribbean, Panama public institutions and local Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) City, Panama governments, and have allowed farming. In this programme,

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 27 two strategic approaches were The National Plan followed: (1) Production of food for the Sustainable for household consumption and Development (2) Strengthening farmer economy of Fisheries and by selling surplus production. Aquaculture of El Nile tilapia was harvested after Salvador developed 3.5 months, with an average with assistance weight of 306 g and a survival from FAO, is being rate of 90 percent. The fish were implemented by fed with a mixture of native tree the Centre for spinach (local name chatate) the Development (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) and of Fisheries and commercial feed (32-38 percent Aquaculture crude protein), which reduced (CENDEPESCA) feed cost of 40.2 percent. Out within the overall of the resulting fish production framework of the the household consumed Ministry of Agriculture 39.5 percent. While a programme and Livestock´s of public purchases aiming at (MAG) Family connecting small-scale farmers Agriculture and Rural with the markets ensured that Entrepreneurship Plan the remaining 60.5 percent were for Food and Nutrition distributed among the local Security (PAF). In line schools thus improving nutrition with the strategic

among school children. A cost- programme needs COURTESY: A. LÓPEZ

benefit analysis showed that and opportunities, Fish farmers sell their products to neighbours for each US Dollar invested, the CENDEPESCA

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN THE AND AMERICA LATIN producer earned 0.26 (=1 USD). promotes polyculture At the national level, a total of tilapia and whiteleg incorporate shrimp in what used of 336 families in Guatemala shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) to be tilapia monoculture. As a benefited from different as a strategy to optimize the result, it was found that average programmes that integrate sustainable use of natural income increased by as much as aquaculture in agriculture resources, food production 28 percent due to the high value activities, and 127 families and income generation. This that shrimps have in the local consume and market their production system is implemented markets. Furthermore, the price products either in local markets by the local governments in of shrimp is more resilient than or through public purchase Atiocoyo Sur and San Isidro that of tilapia, which is imported programmes. Cabañas. The producers now in large amounts from Honduras, and often saturates the market. This system allowed improve the incomes for producers making more economically attractive. In general, the construction of public policies developed in consultation with users, governments and civil society, facilitates the interinstitutional collaboration and the implementation of programmes in the different territories. However, challenges remain to make aquaculture more resilient COURTESY: A. LÓPEZ Children eating Nile tilapia produced in the fish farm of Thismuntique village, and sustainable in the Central Guatemala American countries.

28 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Blue Growth Initiative in Kenya: Increasing Knowledge for Informed Decision Making and Support to Farmers

AO in collaboration with the growth from aquatic ecosystem Ecosystem Approach, seaweed FGovernment of Kenya has services. best management practices, etc.) developed two projects for the with income generating activities. For the last two years, policy coast of Kenya with the aim Throughout the project, especially advisors and stakeholders that of: (1) Increasing knowledge of during the studies and meetings wish to invest in the coast of the water basin that supplies associated with economic Kenya, especially in aquaculture SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA coral reef ecosystem services valuation of the ecosystem study and fish value addition activities, that provide food, nutrition and for food security and nutrition, have benefited from a number livelihood security, the drivers of it was clear that environmental of studies that have brought change affecting these services education alone, if not associated to light the ecosystem services and their values, and technical with income generating activities, and the drivers of change that and management options to would not persuade stakeholders improve ecosystem services, and affect those services and their to engage. Similarly, governments (2) fostering investment in coastal values. The accumulation of tend to dismiss projects that sustainable mariculture and knowledge of the project area solely focus on conservationist promoting an effectively governed ecosystem has highlighted the interventions as they need to mariculture development that is potential for economic and provide to the electorate with socially inclusive, equitable and environmental activities such something that directly addresses environmentally responsible, and as fish processing and value poverty, food security and which provides opportunities for addition, aquaculture, mangrove nutrition. sustainable and profitable aqua restoration and bee keeping The training workshops, studies farming as well as the economic and mariculture associated with and meetings provided a vehicle activities that develop around it. ecotourism. The three studies are for key stakeholders at local This includes a better integration 1. Valuing Coastal Ecosystems as and national level institutions of the sector with other activities in Economic Assets. The Mida Creek to interact, share ideas and the coastal zones and to increasing Report - Ecosystem Services and learn about the value of their our understanding of and its role in Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition own ecosystems, the climate conserving and improving coastal Security; 2. Fish Value Chain science and risk of endangering ecosystem services. – Appraisal of the Production the potential to generate social and Post-Harvest Conditions in The work in Kenya, is one of the and economic benefits. Once, selected sites of Lake Victoria, piloting pieces of work being the interpretation and analysis Lake Turkana and the Marine carried out in support of the Blue of the data collected in the Coast in Kenya; and 3. Spatial Growth Initiative (BGI) designed studies were shared among all, Planning – The Kenya Mariculture around four streams of work: Project Atlas (under review for (i) capture fisheries, (ii) sustainable publication). All these products aquaculture, (iii) livelihoods and have facilitated better-informed food systems and (iv) economic policy and strategic advice to government and potential donors in the coast of Kenya. These projects follow an intensive Written by: approach that combines Ana Menezes environmental education in FAO Subregional Office for Eastern mangrove and ecosystem Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia valuation, in doing aquaculture MENEZES A. E-mail: [email protected] business within the FAO ©FAO/

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 29 it was much easier to convey the Blue Growth Initiative Key Objective of “Supporting a more productive, responsible and sustainable fisheries and aquaculture sectors by improving the governance and management of the aquatic eco-

systems conservation MENEZES A.

of biodiversity and ©FAO/ habitats empowering Group photo during the launching of the BGI in Kenya communities (in – There is a need for similar kinds responsible for ecosystem value particular the vulnerable of initiatives, mixing normative and services, climate change communities engaged in small- work with development and development interventions; scale production) to act, not interventions in the field to – There is a need to create spaces only as resource users, but promote knowledge exchange and opportunities to encourage also as resource stewards”. and provide practical training to the exchange of experiences, Environmental and socio- those working in the field and disseminate results from studies economic activities were at central level; and share knowledge around developed together to reach this – The practical application the challenges posed by the goal, and now the Government of “mainstreaming” is new BGI paradigm; of Kenya has formed a task challenging, and requires – There is a need for clear force to review the Fisheries and information, institutions and dialogue and integration Aquaculture legal framework investments which are now of local and district/county

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN and propose a single mariculture being developed not only in needs in the development development strategy based on Kenya but other countries in of programs and plans – so the Blue Growth principles. the sub-region; that the issues and challenges The essential elements of – There is a crucial need for more of these levels are properly implementing and piloting the practical evidence base and reflected in the BGI papers Blue Growth Initiative pilot in tools; which must be tailored to meet Kenya, which are applicable to – There is a need to integrate each region and country’s other countries in the sub-region, and coordinate the various specific needs. are: initiatives and agencies A. MENEZES A.

©FAO/ The economic Value of Mangrove Ecosystem services in Mida Creek and Tana Delta, Kenya, were calculate after community members had identified those services as being of the greatest importance to local food security and livelihoods

30 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Sub-Regional Training Workshop on Doing Aquaculture as a Business

he Sub-Regional TTraining Workshop on Doing Aquaculture as a Business took place from 14 to 18 November 2016 in Addis Ababa, 1

Ethiopia . SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA The objective of the training was to enhance the capacity of both fisheries and aquaculture officers and farmers FAOSFE © in developing their Group photo of participants business acumen in order to facilitate the transformation of aquaculture The workshop was opened by the Aquaculture Department and in Africa into an economically FAO Representative in Ethiopia, the FAO Sub-regional Office for vibrant and sustainable sector. Mr Amadou Allahoury, and by the Eastern Africa. A beta version of The workshop aimed to help the FAO Sub-regional Representative the Tool will be shortly released participants to understand the for Eastern Africa and FAO online. The Tool is targeted to technical and scientific principles Representative to AU and UNECA, assist small- and medium-scale of aquaculture, together with the Mr Patrick Kormawa. fish farmers in their decision to economic and financial principles. invest or not in aquaculture under Participants were first introduced A dedicated session introduced specific assumptions. During the to the technical principles of the concept of decent rural youth training, topics such as youth doing aquaculture as business. employment. employment challenges and The main elements included solutions, and practical tools to Forty-three participants attended factors affecting productivity and promote decent rural employment the workshop from Burundi, carrying capacity in water, growth for youth were also explored. Djibouti, Ethiopia, Guinea- rate, and yields. This was followed Bissau, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, by sessions on the fundamental Conducting the technical and South Sudan and Uganda. The principles of economic and business training together participants included nineteen finance. The participants were proved to be a successful farmers, sixteen government trained on how to assess the training model. Pairing these officers and eight FAO officers. economic profitability and topics reinforced their mutual financial feasibility of aquaculture reliance and importance for the farms by introducing them to participants. At the end of the the prototype of the FAO “User- training participants were able to

Written by: Friendly Tool for Investment independently use the Tool and Decision Making in Aquaculture”, select the most pertinent factors Elisabetta Martone developed by the Aquaculture for conducting aquaculture as a FAO consultant E-mail: [email protected] Branch of the FAO Fisheries and business. Junning Cai FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture 1 The 5-day training was held under the FAO Multi-partner Programme Support Mechanism (FMM) to the Blue Growth Initiative (BGI) in “Support of Food Nutrition Security, Poverty Department, Rome, Italy Alleviation and Healthy Oceans” and the FAO Africa Solidarity Trust Fund (ASTF) project E-mail: [email protected] “Promoting Agricultural Diversification to Reduce Poverty, Fight Malnutrition and Enhance Youth Employment Opportunities in Eastern Africa”.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 31 Is Aquaculture a Logical Choice for Youth Employment? Lessons Learnt from a Project in Liberia

his article describes an Tinteresting collaboration developed in Liberia between the Ministry of Youth and Sports (MYS) and the FAO Representation. Generally, FAO collaborates with ministries responsible for the agriculture sector, but this time FAO was approached by MYS in 2014 for the elaboration of a Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) to create aquaculture enterprises for youth employment, poverty reduction and food security, with a budget of USD 492 000. The completion date was supposed to be in December 2015, but KNAAP DER VAN M. extensions were authorized until ©FAO/ Liberian youth harvesting tilapia from a fish pond SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN December 2016 as Liberia went through a serious Ebola crisis, during which all project activities two species selected were Nile from the nest pits also. The came to a standstill and were tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) conclusion was that all brooders only resumed in the course of and African (Heterotis had disappeared due to the 2016. In the second half of 2016, niloticus). Four excellent sites completely open access to the fish an attempt was made to catch had been selected, numerous farms (which resulted in poachers up with time. Prior to the Ebola ponds dug and tilapia catching the fish), despite the epidemic, national consultants released. During that crisis actions of farm guards. Hardly any were used to conduct training in period, no backstopping missions fish growth could be observed the fields of pond digging and could be carried out, so the fish as the only feed was wheat maintenance, fish growth and were basically left on their own, bran. The leftover funds in the all the other relevant aspects of although some youths living near project allowed fencing of the rearing fish in earthen ponds, in the ponds continued to feed the cooperative farms, installation of close collaboration with staff from fish with wheat bran. When the security lights, and purchase of the Government’s fish breeding country was declared Ebola free extra ingredients to improve feed center in the town of Klay. The the TCP picked up steam and (including a considerable portion training of the youth continued of the thousands of harvested and courses taught. Backstopping fingerlings). started and for the entire duration The project started off with a total of the project, no test fishing was of 150 youths and just before the carried out. Draining of the ponds project closure only 34 remained. Written by: resulted in a complete absence Others abandoned the project as of the broodstock, some fish Martin Van der Knaap there was no fish to be harvested of around 100 grams each and FAO Regional Office for Africa and thus no income generated. West Africa Team, Accra, Ghana many thousands of fingerlings. Obviously, the implementation E-mail: [email protected] Breeding had been apparent of the project was not without

32 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 hurdles, but still some lessons – The youth had been digging It should be noted that this can be learned from a situation ponds but particularly during article has been prepared in a where aquaculture is introduced the first production cycle there constructive spirit and without to youngsters, who as a result was no income, therefore, blame being attributed to any were supposed to gain decent additional activities generating project stakeholder.The experience employment. Some of the lessons some revenues should have in Liberia is not unique. Other learnt could be summarized as accompanied the project; countries in the sub-region shared follows: – The feed provided by the project similar experiences. This TCP – Supervision of the activities of was of lower quality and did not project should have made the the youth should have been adequately improve fish growth; youth enthusiastic for aquaculture more intense; training of the – Harvesting of the project’s activities; instead they became youngsters ought to have broodstock was not foreseen disenchanted. We can only say been phased instead of being and as such new investments that, based on lessons learnt, next provided in a compressed had to be made. time we will perform better. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA period;

Rice-Fish Farming in the Malagasy Highlands, Twenty Years after the FAO Projects

ccording to still considered the national fish, production, a significant number Atradition, rice-fish farming but common carps (Cyprinus of exotic species have been started when Queen Ranavalona carpio) and several species of introduced in the country from decided to release in the wild the tilapias (Oreochromis sp. and the tropics but also from the seven goldfish (Carassius auratus) Tilapia spp.) overpassed it in the temperate regions for stocking in that had been introduced in the production statistics. This is mainly the colder highlands where most country for her amusement. due to the FAO support projects of the Malagasy population lives. Whether this is a legend or implemented for more than a It started in 1857, with the giant the reality, Madagascar has decade from the mid-1980s to gourami (Osphronemus goramy) an old tradition of farming the mid-1990s, and from the and in 1861 Jean Laborde aquatic species, and it is today a successive development projects offered seven goldfish to Queen significant aquaculture producer, that followed. However, the Ranavalona, in what tends to be with a reported production of potential of the country is still considered as the starting point 3 763 tonnes of freshwater fish, largely untapped, particularly in of rice-fish farming development 4 696 tonnes of shrimps and the inundated rice fields, which in the country. Since then 8 363 tonnes of seaweed in 2014. currently represent the main many other species have been Goldfish, locally called Tondro freshwater producing system. introduced, including the common Gasy (“The Malagasy fish”) is carp (Cyprinus carpio) and several In Madagascar, the active species of tilapias (Oreochromis promotion of aquaculture spp. and Tilapia spp.) that now started at the beginning of dominate the national production the twentieth century. Tens of with respectively 69 and Written by: thousands of ponds were built 31 percent of the total freshwater Lionel Dabbadie until the 1950s, as well as several fish production in 2014. FAO Consultant, Fisheries and governmental fish farms supplying Aquaculture Department, Rome Italy fry, developing new technologies Whereas the traditional rice- E-mail: [email protected] and contributing to capacity fish farming based on self- Olivier Mikolasek development. Following an early, recruiting species was silently CIRAD - Agriculture Research for now-disputed, assessment that spreading in the rural areas, Development, Montpellier, France the Malagasy aquatic fauna had pond aquaculture largely failed E-mail: [email protected] a limited-to-no potential for fish in becoming sustainable in the

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 33

National production (MT)

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 L. DABBADIE L. 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

©FAO/ Photo 1 - Rice field stocked with carps Figure 2 - National freshwater fish production

absence of subsidies from the JICA4), Norway like the case of the small rural government. Starting from 1985, (MIDEM5-now “Tilapia de l’Est”) town of Betafo (Photo 5) where FAO implemented a series of or European Union (APDRA6). the supply is now so good that projects that completely changed Others were rather concentrating the price of a piece of fry can be the situation. Instead of promoting their efforts on carps in integrated as low as 30 ariary7 when the fish pond farming, they focussed rice-fish systems (APDRA with average in the Malagasy highlands on improving the traditional rice- France, EU or the Indian Ocean reached 100 to 300 ariary per fish integration. New technologies Commission’s Smartfish project). piece in remote areas. Although where developed and promoted, spontaneous and probably old, One issue quickly emerged by stocking common carps instead EPs emergence was controversial in relation to the fry market. of wild fish, by digging a refuge at first, as they were seen as FAO’s projects had contributed canal and by strengthening the unfair competitors to the larger to implement a network of side dykes (Photo 1), reportedly PPA. Moreover, there was the hatcheries, locally called PPA allowing to produce up to fear that they would not have the (Private Producer of Fry, Photo 3)

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN 200-300 kg of fish per hectare capacity to maintain good genetic but in the meantime, small while increasing rice yields by quality, although they were Peasant Hatcheries (EP, Photo 4), 10 to 30 percent. The involvement implementing Best Management were spontaneously established of the private sector for supplying Practices such as exchange to fill a commercial gap: the small the fry market was also promoted. of breeders, or the use of rice-fish farmers who were only All these activities had a major internationally recognized criteria able to buy and stock a few tens impact on the national fish for fish selection, etc. However, a of fry. In some places, EPs became production (Figure 2) that genetic assessment showed that so numerous that they supported increased 10 to 15 folds, from 200 there was no inbreeding and the a very competitive fry market, tonnes before 1990 to over 2 500- 3 000 tonnes/year a decade later. Several National and International initiatives followed. Some were focusing on tilapia production through the establishment of partnerships between the Ministry of Fisheries (MPRH) and National institutions like FOFIFA1, or through International DABBADIE L. partnerships with nearby Reunion ©FAO/ Photo 3 - A large PPA farm island (ARDA2), Japan (PATIMA3-

1 Foibem-pirenena momba ny Fikarohana ampiharina amin'ny Fampandrosoana ny eny Ambanivohitra (www.fao.org/documents/card b41ee223b) 2 Association Réunionnaise pour le Développement de l’Aquaculture, now known as Hydro Réunion 3 Projet d'Aquaculture de Tilapia à Mahajanga 4 Japan International Cooperation Agency 5 Mission Indépendante pour le Développement et l'Éducation à Madagascar 6 Association Pisciculture et Développement Rural en Afrique 7 1 USD=3000 ariary

34 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 the establishment of new hatcheries, trainings for farmers, strengthening an enabling environment and implementing aquaculture networks within a value chain approach. L. DABBADIE L.

©FAO/ Furthermore, for ponds, cages, Photo 4 - A small EP farm, with breeding ponds dug inside the rice terraces and intensive production systems, the low availability of good & PPAs finally accepted affordable feed and fertilizers that they were not may be another constraint. This that much adversely issue has been successfully tackled impacted, as most of by PATIMA/JICA by promoting them were interested integrated animal-fish production, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA in selling larger and by MIDEM/“Tilapia de l’Est” volumes of fry. Both through a partnership with the now peacefully coexist Asian Institute of Technology by targeting their and Nam Sai Farm (Thailand) different markets. to use in Madagascar tilapia In recent years, the farming technologies that proved Malagasy government successful in Asia. But still, in spite has been working of several successful experiences on creating an throughout the country, the enabling environment further upscaling of the existing for aquaculture, aquaculture industry remains by elaborating a problematic and non-availability new strategy for its of affordable quality fish feed on a development and by large scale is probably one of the L. DABBADIE L. implementing a new reasons. ©FAO/ legal framework for Photo 5 - The carp fry market in Betafo the sector. However, the fish farming production potential still remains largely unexploited despite a very SEE ALSO high market demand. Indeed, ponds and cages aquaculture www.jica.go.jp/madagascar/french/office/others/publications01.html http://tilapiadelest.com is still incipient, and APDRA http://apdra.org reports that another 150 000 to www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_madagascar/en 200 000 ha of appropriate rice www.fao.org/madagascar fields would still be available Many documents on Madagascar aquaculture are available on: for fish production in the FAO publications on Madagascar: highlands. For integrated rice- www.fao.org/fishery/publications/search/en fish farming, the current main Three videos introducing Madagascar aquaculture in rice fields, cages and ponds (in French): limitation is represented by the http://uved-formation-aquaculture.cirad.fr/03-les-systemes-de-production/ local availability of pour-en-savoir-plus fry to farmers and the effort A detailed description of current rice-fish farming development and research made by the ministry, together in Madagascar (in French): www.coopuniv-frmg.org/index.php/2016/11/25/sortie-de-louvrage- with APDRA and influent local recherche-interdisciplinaire-pour-le-developpement-durable-et-la- professional organizations like biodiversite-des-espaces-ruraux-malgaches/ 8 9 MPE or FMTMA , are supporting Several case studies on aquaculture in Madagascar: www.sarnissa.org/ Florence Wallemacq. 2016. Fish farming in rice field: Development lever for 8 Malagasy Professionnels de l’Élevage family farming in Madagascar. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter. March 2016 No. 9 Fikambanan'ny Mpiompy Trondro Eto 54: pp. 38-39. www.fao.org/3/a-bc866e.pdf Madagascar

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 35 A new area of interest in (MAG/82/014, MAG/86/005, already removed. If profitability Madagascar is represented by MAG/88/005, MAG/92/004, of existing aquaculture ventures species diversification. If some MAG/058/6023) focusing on could be improved and adequate investment has been made on rice-fish farming. In 2003, a technologies be developed for fish introduced species like developing Telefood project was also granted pond systems, the perspectives for tilapia farming in the highlands’ to provide equipment to fry Madagascar aquaculture would cold climate or implementing producers, whereas in 2005, FAO then be bright. a farm in Mantasoa supported the Government in for production, there establishing its National Strategy is also a renewed interest in for Marine and Inland Aquaculture exploiting the indigenous fish, Development. Since 2014, the either for the ornamental (APPA) Indian Ocean Commission’s or food market. FOFIFA is for Smartfish project has also been example working on marakely supporting rice-fish farming (Paratilapia polleni), one of the (Figure 6). most promising local species, to In a country like Madagascar with determine its potential in fish abundant water resources but pond or rice field polyculture with that also faces major natural and carps and/or tilapias. human challenges, such as low FAO implication in Madagascar’s temperature in the highlands, fish farming started in 1976 with cyclones, drought, poverty project MAG/76/002 on capacity or rural insecurity, freshwater building and strengthening of aquaculture is already fulfilling

the Ministry of Fishery but it is a major role in food security, SMARTFISH

a decade later that the majority nutrition, income generation ©FAO/ of its support was transformed and livelihood in rural areas. It Figure 6 - A comic book funded by into concrete initiatives, with a could do more, considering that the Indian Ocean Commission’s Smartfish project on rice-fish farming SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN series of development projects some immediate deadlocks were V. CRESPI ©FAO/

36 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017

Sixth Annual Meeting of the Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF)

he Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF) Tis an informal network launched in 2006 following a decision taken at the 14th Session of the Committee for Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (CIFAA) held in Accra, Ghana, in November of the same year, to establish a “NACA-Like” network. ANAF was launched with four Members, which has now increased to

fourteen participating countries. Expansion of V. CRESPI

the network to other countries is still ongoing, ©FAO/

promoting institutional strengthening to Group photo of participants SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ensure sustainable aquaculture development, Officers from the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization maximising its potential to improve regional food (LVFO). Overall, 12 out of 14 ANAF member countries security and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. were represented at the meeting. The purposes of ANAF National Focal Points which represent their the meeting were to: (i) review the commitment to countries at the annual meetings, had already ANAF by its member countries; (ii) discuss and revise met several times to discuss common aquaculture the draft of four IGO founding legal documents; issues, to elaborate a work plan and to define and (iii) to discuss and agree on a clear strategy and ANAF-Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) concrete follow-up actions leading to the formal transformation process. establishment of ANAF. Through the assistance of FAO, a web-based During the meeting, two working groups were information system has been developed, which established. The Legal Officers working group that is currently hosted by the Lake Victoria Fisheries reviewed ANAF legal documents which included Organization (LVFO) in Jinja, Uganda. The the Draft Agreement, the Draft Rules of Procedure, information system was established to generate, the Draft Financial Regulations and the Draft disseminate and facilitate the access of aquaculture Headquarter Agreement. The second working group information to ANAF Member countries. composed by ANAF National Focal Points elaborated The Sixth ANAF Annual Meeting was held at the a concept note on the roadmap for the establishment Imperial Golf View Hotel, Entebbe, Uganda from of ANAF. Two options were proposed to formalize 6 to 9 December 2016. The meeting was funded ANAF: (1) the ANAF secretariat to be hosted by a and organized by FAO with the assistance of the member country as an IGO; or, (2) Integration of Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) and the ANAF as a unit within the AU-IBAR structure. The Ugandan Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry meeting was more in favour of the second option for and Fisheries (MAAIF). The meeting was attended budgetary reasons, but a final decision will be taken by: Legal Officers from Chad, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, by member countries during the next CIFAA Session , , Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique to be held in the 7–9 May 2017. and South Africa; the ANAF National Focal Points Mali offered to host the Seventh ANAF Annual from , Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Meeting in 2017. South Africa also offered to host Zambia and Uganda; one representative from the next ANAF meeting back-to-back to the World the African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Aquaculture Society meeting to be held in Cape Resources (AU-IBAR); one FAO Legal consultant; Town during 26–30 June 2017. This could be a good the Senior Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer from opportunity to promote ANAF at the international the FAO Regional Office for Africa in Ghana; one level. Aquaculture Officer from FAO Headquarters in Rome; the Executive Secretary and two Technical SEE ALSO

FAO. 2017. Report of the Sixth Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF) Annual Meeting. Entebbe, Written by: Uganda, 06–09 December 2016. FAO Fisheries and Valerio Crespi Aquaculture Report. No. 1187. Rome, FAO. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy www.fao.org/3/a-i7015e.pdf E-mail: [email protected] Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization www.lvfo.org

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 37 THEMATIC ARTICLES V. CRESPI ©FAO/ THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES

Overview of Ornamental Species Aquaculture

rnamental aquaculture is Future challenges raised by this exporter in the world is ; Oa growing industry and it trade concerning environmental in 2013 alone exported goods will become more and more and social issues need to be worth 56 USD millions to more important as restrictions are addressed in particular: than 80 countries. placed on collecting species from – Conservation and sustainable After 30 years of aquarium trade, wild environment. use of ornamental fish species the total value of aquarium Ornamental fish trade is a – Reduce habitat loss and exports from the Pacific region widespread and global market, degradation is currently accounting for about moving large amounts of – Implementation of renewable 10-15 percent of the global trade. goods and money (Wabnitz and sustainable This trade has now become an et al., 2003) offering services practices important source of income and and job opportunities to new – Regulation of international employment for local communities professionals, and contributing trade patterns in the Pacific. – Reduction of alien exotic to the economic growth of The majority of the aquarium species dispersal. undeveloped countries. species are imported in the USA, The total ornamental fish industry followed by Europe, Japan, and is valued at approximately a handful of other countries. USD 15 billion and global Currently, approximately exports of ornamental fish has 90 percent of freshwater traded Written by: grown from USD 181 million organisms in the ornamental fish Claudia Ladisa to USD 372 million between industry are cultured. Less than FAO Intern 2000 and 2011. Freshwater 10 percent of marine species are E-mail: [email protected] fish have an estimated price per cultured. At least 85 percent of Mirko Bruni pound of 35 to 60 USD while marine aquarium fish sold to the FAO Consultant marine price per pound is USA is collected from the Coral E-mail: [email protected] estimated 400 to 600 USD. In Triangle Region, represented by Alessandro Lovatelli addition, corals play a big role the waters of the pacific countries FAO Regional Office for Latin in the industry. Live coral trade of Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua America and the Caribbean, has increased tenfold since 1985 New Guinea and the Philippines. Santiago, Chile and continues to increase 20 to Total global annual catch could E-mail: [email protected] 30 percent each year. The major range from about 14 million to

38 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 over 30 million fish. The most 80 percent of recent estimates suggest that the the total value. trade targets over 150 species Most of the of stony corals, hundreds of aquaculture non-coral invertebrates, and at production of least 1 472 reef fish species from ornamental 50 families. fish focuses Harvesting species from the wild on freshwater creates both direct and indirect species. In environmental issues such as: the USA, – Destructive techniques utilized aquaculture to collect animals. Among the facilities in destructive practices is the produce illegal use of cyanide, which 800 varieties of poachers often use to stun freshwater fish. ©FAO

the fish and make them easier On the THEMATIC ARTICLES Culture of Acropora corals in Solomon Islands to capture. This practice not other hand, only causes toxic effects that only about known, it will be possible to tackle leads to high mortality on the 25 species of marine fishes other relevant issues that can lead collected animals, but also (1-10 percent) are cultured on a to environmental and economic destroys the fish habitats. commercial basis. Aquaculture, benefits. More efforts for the – Biodiversity loss due to the however, is providing the market sustainable management of this over-harvesting of targeted with an increasing variety of industry are needed such as: organisms. cultured products. For example, – Promote data collection efforts – Risk of introductions of alien giant clam farming has increased on ornamental fish trade. exotic species and/or diseases since the first trials in the 1980s; – Enforce correct invoice (such as Koi herpes virus) in the in 2007, over 75 000 cultured documentations with accurate targeted areas. clams were exported from the data on shipment contents. – High levels of mortality Pacific. Cultured corals and live – Distribution of educational associated with insensitive rock are also being successfully manuals and guidelines to shipping and poor husbandry sold to environmentally conscious collectors, exporters, importers practices through the supply aquarists. chain. as well as retailers and Even though aquaculture can aquarium keepers. Ornamental aquaculture is help sustains the ornamental fish Further research in developing targeted as one of the main industry and restore threatened breeding protocols for raising possible tools, to reduce wild populations, there is still commonly traded species overfishing along coral reefs. very little information available. represent an opportunity to Furthermore, it can provide Indeed, better industry monitoring produce healthier and more healthier animals, with higher and data reporting is needed. resilience for survival in captive resilient species to captive Recent and updated data about conditions reducing the risks of conditions, to improve livelihoods ornamental fish trade can be disease spread. in developing countries and to found in FAO Fishstat database take pressure off wild stocks While a majority of aquaculture and UN Comtrade Database protecting the environment. production worldwide is devoted that provide global trade data; to food production, ornamental OATA (Ornamental Aquatic fish production is an important Trade Association) provides component of the aquaculture European trade data. FAO is the sector in several nations. In only organization that make a Singapore, ornamental fishes distinction between freshwater C. Wabnitz, M. Taylor, accounts for 40 percent of and saltwater fishes. Data E. Green, T. Razak. 2003. From their total exports. In the USA, Ocean to Aquarium. UNEP–WCMC, collection and dissemination is a Cambridge, UK (2003). ornamental fish production is key element for monitoring the R. Calado, I. Olivotto, M.P. Oliver the fourth largest sector behind status and trend of ornamental & G. Joan Ho. 2007. Marine , trout, and with fish culture, if volume and Ornamental Species Aquaculture. Florida producing approximately diversity of trade are better John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 712 pp.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 39 Improving the Technical and Economic Performance of Tilapia Farming under Climate Variation from a Bio-Economic Modelling Perspective

he FAO Fisheries and selection of stocking timing, arrangements) even with optimal TAquaculture Department fingerling size, stocking density, adjustments of stocking density has been providing technical feeding regime and/or harvesting and crop length. assistance to help fish farmers timing could have significant Maximizing the profitability of adopt practices that increase and impacts on the technical and individual crops ≠ Maximizing improve aquaculture production economic performance (e.g. the overall profitability in a sustainable manner. As part productivity and profitability) of of this assistance, a bio-economic tilapia farming. Two selected Another insight from the model on intensive pond simulation results are briefly simulation results is that farming aquaculture of tilapia (one of the described below: practices that maximize the most popular aquaculture species) profit of individual crops may not Impact of stocking timing on has been developed based on maximize the overall profitability farm performance experiences in China (the largest because of path dependency tilapia farming country). A main Given a specific feeding regime (i.e. performance of an individual component of the model is a that determines feeding amount crop is dependent upon farming tilapia growth function calibrated based on fish body weight and arrangements in previous crops) from empirical data in China. The water temperature, the maximum of farming performance. For growth function captures the annual profitability for one-year- example, suppose a farmer two-crop arrangements that stocks 18 000 1 g fingerlings in

THEMATIC ARTICLES THEMATIC impacts of farming environment (e.g. water temperature) and stock 1g fingerlings is 92,491 a 1 ha pond on 29 May, then 2 farming practices (e.g. stocking Chinese Yuan (CNY) , which, as the most profitable arrangement density, feeding regime, etc.) illustrated by the orange dotted for this crop (in terms of profit on tilapia growth. Based on the lines in the figure below, would per week) would be a 22-week st growth function, technical factors be achieved by a 22-week 1 crop cycle (i.e. harvesting on 30 (e.g. stocking timing and density, from 09-April to 10-September October), which would yield fingerling size, etc.) and financial (stocking 1 g fingerlings at the 1,721 CNY per week and 41,294 factors (e.g. feed, seed and other density of 1 700 fish/mu or CNY in total. After 2-week pond input prices, fish price, etc.) are 25 500 fish/ha) and a 26-week preparation, the farmer can start nd 3 nd added to the model to simulate 2 crop from 14-September to the 2 crop on 13 November the impacts of climate, technical 26-March the next year (stocking with the same stocking density and/or financial factors on farming 1 g fingerlings at the density of and fingerling size, the most nd performance and to examine the 2 000 fish/mu or 30 000 fish/ha). profitable arrangement in the 2 performance of various farming If the farmer chooses to start the crop would be a 26-week cycle st practices. 1 crop on 18 June (represented (i.e. harvesting on 15 May), which by the blue dot lines in the figure), would yield 931 CNY per week 1 The simulation results indicate which is the worse stocking and 26,057 CNY for the entire that farming practices such as timing that would lead to the 2nd crop. Note that the duration minimum profitability, the overall, of the two crops (48 weeks in annual profit achievable for a one- total) plus 4 weeks for pond year-two-crop arrangement would preparation before each crop is be only 78,137 CNY (16 percent equal to 52 weeks (i.e. a year), Written by: lower than the maximum which implies that the two crops Junning Cai profitability for one-year-two-crop can repeat year by year. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy 1 The simulations are conducted in STATA (a statistical software) and Microsoft Excel. E-mail: [email protected] 2 The exchange rate of CNY during the study is 1 USD=6.5 CNY 3 There is two-week pond preparation before starting the 2nd crop.

40 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 While the arrangements Other salient results in 2017. They will be document in in both crops are profit Other notable results of the a technical paper expected to be maximizing for their individual simulation include: (i) given no published in the late 2017 or early crops, their combined profit price discrepancy against small 2018. 4 (i.e., 67,351 CNY ) is nevertheless size fish, harvesting at about Development of bio-economic not maximizing the annual 300 g in two-year-five-crop models on aquaculture entails profit. The reason is that while arrangements could increase close collaboration among st the arrangement in the 1 crop the overall profitability by up fish farmers, researchers and maximizes the profitability in to 50 percent compared to policymakers. FAO welcomes the current crop, it nevertheless harvesting above 500 g in one- collaboration in this endeavor. results in a less opportune year-two-crop arrangements and stocking timing for the 2nd crop. (ii) a two-tier farming system that With more refined information on fish growth under different st separates nursing and outgrowing If the farmer shortens the 1 crop farming conditions, the model st ponds could allow one-year-three- to 21 week, the 1 crop profit crop arrangements that enhance could be tailor-made into would drop 2 CNY to 1,719 CNY decision-making tools to help profitability by up to nearly THEMATIC ARTICLES per week. However, the one week farmers design optimal farming st 90 percent compared to the less in the 1 crop could allow the arrangements. For example, nd one-year-two-crop arrangements farmer to start the 2 crop one and by up to nearly 30 percent user-friendly, spreadsheet-based week earlier and have it one week compared to the two-year-five- templates can be developed longer, which would increase the to help farmers compare the nd crop arrangements. profitability of the 2 crop to performance of different farming 986 CNY (55 CNY higher than Way forward arrangements and make decisions that in the original arrangement). The bio-economic model and accordingly. The FAO Fisheries nd As the gain in the 2 crop would its results indicate that bio- and Aquaculture Department has exceed the loss in the first one, economic modelling has great on-going activities in developing the annual profit of the latter potential in improving aquaculture bio-economic models to help fish arrangement (68,141 CNY) would performance. The model has been farmers in Africa improve farming be higher than the original one presented at the International performance. that maximizes the profitability Institute of Fisheries Economics Related comments, suggestions in the individual crops separately. and Trade (IIFET) Conference in and inquiries can be sent by email The merit of this example is 2016 and will also be presented at to the author of this article. that the potential performance the World Aquaculture conference of a crop is affected by the One year two crops: max vs. min proftability arrangement One year two crops: max vs. min profitability of previous 900 70 Max profit: 92,491 yuan/ha/year Min profit: 78,137 yuan/ha/year crops (i.e. path 800 60 ) dependency); ° 700 Max profit: 1st crop (1700 fish/mu, Max profit: 2nd crop (2000 Min profit: 1st crop (2000 fish/mu, Min profit: 2nd crop (1600 fish/mu, 22 weeks, 554g, 1552 fish/mu, 26 weeks, 530g, 1973 20 weeks, 530g, 2268 28 weeks, 532g, 941 50 hence farmers yuan/ha/week) yuan/ha/week) 600 yuan/ha/week) yuan/ha/week) should take 500 40 32 32 33 32 32 32 33 32 32 32 33 32 32 32 33 32 32 32 32 32 31 32 32 31 32 32 32 32 31 32 32 31 a holistic 29 30 30 31 30 31 30 30 29 30 30 31 30 31 30 30 400 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 27 28 27 27 27 28 27 27 30 25 25 25 24 25 25 25 25 24 25 approach 23 22 22 23 22 22 22 21 21 21 22 21 21 21 300 20 19 20 20 19 20 18 19 18 19 20 to maximize 200

Bars: water temperature (C temperature water Bars: annual profit Dottedlines: size offish (gram) 10 100 instead of - - maximizing the profitability

05/11/1st year 05/11/1st year 19/11/1st 01/01/1st year 01/01/1st year 15/01/1st year 29/01/1st year 12/02/1st year 26/02/1st year 12/03/1st year 26/03/1st year 09/04/1st year 23/04/1st year 07/05/1st year 21/05/1st year 04/06/1st year 18/06/1st year 02/07/1st year 16/07/1st year 30/07/1st year 13/08/1st year 27/08/1st year 10/09/1st year 24/09/1st year 08/10/1st year 22/10/1st year 03/12/1st year 17/12/1st 05/11/2nd year 05/11/2nd year 19/11/2nd of individual 01/01/2ndyear 15/01/2ndyear 29/01/2ndyear 12/02/2ndyear 26/02/2ndyear 12/03/2ndyear 26/03/2ndyear 09/04/2ndyear 23/04/2ndyear 07/05/2ndyear 21/05/2ndyear 04/06/2ndyear 18/06/2ndyear 02/07/2ndyear 16/07/2ndyear 30/07/2ndyear 13/08/2ndyear 27/08/2ndyear 10/09/2ndyear 24/09/2ndyear 08/10/2ndyear 22/10/2ndyear 03/12/2ndyear 17/12/2ndyear Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec crops. In this figure the bars represent water temperature in different weeks; dotted lines represent the growth of fish body weight under different arrangements. The profitability of the two farming arrangements are highlighted.

4 This is lower than the minimum profitability for one-year-two-crop arrangements shown in the figure (i.e. 78,137 CNY) because, for simplicity, in this case the farmer is assumed to fix the stocking density at 1 200 fish/mu; whereas in the cases shown in the figure the farmer has flexibility in selecting stocking density.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 41 A Case for Fish to Lead Greater Food Security and Nutrition Outcomes

f done right, fisheries and support sustainable fisheries digestible, with essential Iaquaculture can provide nutritious practices and improved nutritional amino acids) and long-chain food for all and generate decent and food security outcomes. polyunsaturated fatty acids incomes, while supporting people- and micronutrients, but has Food security and nutrition has centred rural development and only recently been recognized risen to the top of the global protecting the environment. Fish as having “... a special role in political agenda, and stands is widely looked to as a nutrient- nutrition and health“2. The as Goal 2 of the Sustainable dense food containing high fisheries sector is crucial to food Development Goals, to “end quality protein (readily digestible, and nutrition security, and its hunger, achieve food security with essential amino acids) and importance is growing: people and improved nutrition“. This long-chain polyunsaturated fatty have never consumed as much focus is essential as one in nine acids and micronutrients, but has fish nor depended so much on people in the world today are only recently been recognized the sector for their livelihoods3. Of undernourished, with poor as having “... a special role the 30 countries most dependent nutrition causing 45 percent of in nutrition and health“. The on fish as a protein source, all but deaths in children under five years fisheries sector is crucial to food four are in the developing world4. old1. If done right, fisheries and and nutrition security, and its In many of the least developed aquaculture can provide nutritious importance is growing: people countries of Africa and Asia, fish food for all and generate decent have never consumed as much accounts for more than half of incomes, while supporting people- fish nor depended so much on the total animal protein intake for centred rural development and the sector for their livelihoods. Of food insecure populations. protecting the environment.

THEMATIC ARTICLES THEMATIC the 30 countries most dependent and other aquatic on fish as a protein source, all but Fish is widely looked to as a foods (including seaweeds, four are in the developing world. nutrient-dense food containing molluscs, crustaceans, fish, and To maximise potential of fish to high quality protein (readily contribute to national policies towards economic, social and environmental goals, we must analyse and clearly communicate the role fish can play in food security and nutrition. To this end, FAO engages an intradepartmental technical group on fish, food security and nutrition, connecting sectors which together can

Written by: Jogeir Toppe E-mail: [email protected] ©FAO/M. SAVINS Malcolm Beveridge Increasing nutrition through sun-drying fish in Somalia E-mail: [email protected] Elizabeth Graham E-mail: [email protected] 1 www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ 2 International Conference on Nutrition (2014). FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture 3 FAO 2014. Improving Diets and Nutrition: Food-based Approaches (eds B. Thompson and Department, Rome, Italy L. Amoroso). 4 www.fao.org/FOCUS/E/fisheries/intro.htm

42 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 amphibians and reptiles) are a central and natural source of essential nutrients such as long chain omega-3 fats essential for optimal cognitive development in children. Micronutrients such as iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, selenium and even vitamin A can be obtained through various fish products, particularly when fish is eaten whole, such as the case with small . In larger fish, the levels of these micro-nutrients are high usually found in parts that are not eaten, such as heads and bones. By THEMATIC ARTICLES

using innovative approaches and ©FAO available technologies, valuable A good source of protein, minerals and vitamins, fish is especially important for nutrients could be made available pregnant women, infants and children, and the elderly for human consumption and waste could be cut. Such low eradicating hunger and preventing environmental goals, we must cost fish by-products have the all forms of malnutrition analyse and clearly communicate potential to play an important role worldwide. FAO’s food- the role fish can play in food in achieving nutrition and food based approach includes food security and nutrition. To this security where these gaps persist. production, dietary diversification end, FAO has recently engaged Within the Fisheries sector, and food fortification, and thus an intradepartmental technical aquaculture’s contribution to food increased consumption of fisheries group on fish, food security security is of particular interest, products can be used to combat and nutrition, connecting as until recently it has been the most of the major micronutrient sectors which together can fastest growing food-producing deficiencies. support sustainable fisheries 5 and aquaculture practices and sector in the world . It is critical To maximise potential of fish to improved nutritional and food to promote food security through contribute to national policies security outcomes. aquaculture in a sustainable way, towards economic, social and especially considering a great proportion of this production comes from the developing world (91.2% in 2000), in particular Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) (83.9% in 2000). Despite its prominence in the diets of the poor (especially internally displaced persons and coastal communities), fish has remained in the margins of global discussions on food security and nutrition policies. During the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), world leaders and member states committed to

5 Béné et al. 2015. Feeding 9 billion by

2050. Putting fish back on the menu. Food ©FAO Security 7, 261-274. https://link.springer. Children in Tanzania reading the Cooking Freshwater Fish recipe book in Swahili com/article/10.1007/s12571-015-0427-z

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 43 The Potential of World Aquaculture Performance Indicators as a Research and Educational Tool

AO has continued its efforts in researchers analyze data, generate that WAPI could become Fdeveloping World Aquaculture information and later facilitate an educational tool to help Performance Indicators (WAPI) result dissemination. For example, students acquire knowledge to assess the economic, social the chart below is a figure and information and improve and environmental performance generated by a WAPI template their skills on data analysis. After of the sector. WAPI is an on- for the paper “Assessment and about six months of intensive, going initiative to develop monitoring of global fish demand learning-by-doing process of a tool to compile, generate and supply: perspective from a WAPI development, all the interns and disseminate knowledge short-term projection model”. The have acquired or improved and information for evidence- WAPI template automatizes the skills in using spreadsheet and based policy-making and sector generation of charts which can be statistical software (e.g. STATA) management in aquaculture and easily updated or modified—with for data analysis and presentation. aquaculture value chains1. Under a few mouse clicks to update Participation in preparing the this initiative a WAPI prototype or redo the chart for different background documents has also has been developed and tested. species, time horizons, and enhanced their analytical skills. The prototype contains sample geographic focus. Thus, WAPI FAO would continue to explore templates on fish production, can significantly facilitate the the potential of WAPI as a trade and consumption as analytical research process of research and educational tool and well as other social, economic examining future fish demand welcome the participation and and environmental aspects of and supply at the national (nearly collaboration of researchers and aquaculture at global, regional 200 countries), regional (about 40 4

THEMATIC ARTICLES THEMATIC students in the development of and/or national levels. Based on country groups) and global levels WAPI templates. the prototype, two tailor-made for 9 species groups. The WAPI WAPI modules, one on fish templates can be further refined Comments on WAPI initiative can production and the other on fish by users into custom-designed be sent to: [email protected]. consumption, will be disseminated templates for specific research

for public use by the end of 2017. applications. Status and trends of per capita fish consumption Five technical papers that would 25,0 Four interns serve as background documents for 20,0 Bubble size represents a country's population at FAO have Axis origin repesents the world average WAPI modules on various subjects 15,0 contributed to 10,0 are being prepared and will be 5,0 2 the development published during 2017–2018 . 0,0 of WAPI modules -5,0

While the ultimate goal of WAPI and to the -10,0

is to provide a tool to facilitate preparation of the years from 2008 to 2013 (%) -15,0

during 5 years from 2008 to 2013 (%) during 5 years from -20,0 evidence-based decision making, corresponding 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0

Annual per capita fish consumption growth rate Annual per capita fish consumption growth Per capita consumption in 2013 (kg/year)

its potential of becoming a background Annual per capita fish consumption growth rate iduring 5 research tool has become documents. Africa Asia Europe Latin America and Caribbean Northern America Oceania evident during its development. Their experiences This chart illustrates and compares the status (represented by the ThisX-axis) chart illustrates and and trends compares (represented the status (represented by by the the X Y-axis)-axis) and oftrends per (represented capita by fish the WAPI templates developed in indicate Y-axis)consumption of per capita fish in consumption different in different continents. continents. Microsoft Excel3 could initially help 1 Details about WAPI can be found in the Report of the FAO Expert Workshop on Assessment and Monitoring of Aquaculture Sector Performance (www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ec92bf28-52c4-5f0f-8489-397b41ee223b) 2 These papers, include “Assessment and Monitoring of Global Fish Demand and Supply: Perspective from A Short-Term Projection Model”, “Assessment and Monitoring of the Written by: Contribution of Aquaculture and Fisheries to GDP”, “Assessment and Monitoring of Species Diversification in Global Aquaculture”, “Assessment and Monitoring of Global Junning Cai Tilapia Markets” and “Assessment and Monitoring of Human Resource and Employment in Aquaculture and Fisheries: A Case Study on China”. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture 3 More details about WAPI can be found in the article “World Aquaculture Performance Department, Rome, Italy Indicators (WAPI): a user friendly tool” published in an early issue of FAN (issue 41, June E-mail: [email protected] 2013), available at www.fao.org/docrep/018/i2959e/i2959e.pdf. 4 See a WAPI internship announcement at www.fao.org/fishery/nems/40889/en

44 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 MISCELLANEOUS ©FAO/M. LEDO MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS

FAO Assists a Group of French Small-Scale Fishermen During a Visit to Orbetello Lagoon, Italy

n the Mediterranean Sea, coastal Ilagoons are facing environmental issues mainly due to increased industrial and human activities, which affect water quality and have an impact in the environment, leading overexploitation of fishery resources. During the past 10 years these phenomena have produced an important decrease in the number of small-scale fishermen which cannot afford the fall in their ©FAO/V. CRESPI Fishing operations in the Orbetello lagoon daily catches. Consequently, some are abandoning the activity and others are looking into alternative options such as aquaculture resources through the application of principles of and better marketing strategies of lagoon products good practices for fisheries and aquaculture. allowing them to survive and keeping alive With the assistance of FAO, on 9 and 10 January historical fishing traditions. 2017 a group of fishermen from Thau coastal Within this context, FAO supports fisherman lagoon in Sète, France, visited the Italian fishermen to fisherman exchanges for strengthening of the "Cooperativa di pescatori di Orbetello" collaboration between fishing communities with (Fishermen Cooperative of Orbetello) in the lagoon the aim of improving management of lagoon of Orbetello located in Tuscany, at 130 kilometers north of Rome, Italy. In the Lagoon of Orbetello fishing has a long history and it represents the main activity for local economy Written by: along with tourism. European seabass (Dicentrarchus Valerio Crespi labrax), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy (Mugil spp.) and European (Anguilla E-mail: [email protected] anguilla) are among the most common uu

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 45 uu FAO Assists a Group of French Small-Scale Fishermen During a Visit to Orbetello Lagoon, Italy

species found in this coastal environment. Local Face to face meetings held during the two-day fishermen have always used traditional fishing visit to Italy made possible to launch the idea of methods such as fixed traps, fyke nets, longlines and establishing a formal partnership between the two trammel nets to catch these species. These methods lagoons, Thau and Orbetello. This will allow closer exploit life cycle of targeted species that use to collaboration between the two fishing communities, move into the lagoon for on-growing: fish, in fact, better exchange of fishing experiences and better spontaneously enter the lagoon according to the management of the resources of the lagoon season and the tides, without the use of bait feed. through the application of the principles of good practices in fisheries and aquaculture. Mechanized fishing gears (“lavorieri” in Italian), positioned in correspondence of the channels that allow the exchange of water between the lagoon and open sea. With high tide, the entry of water from the sea into the lagoon attracts schools of fish toward the channels where “lavorieri” are positioned and divided in a series of rooms that lead fish to a capture area, where live fish is selected by species and by size. The lagoon is used as a semi-natural environment where fishing activity and aquaculture are regulated by the main stakeholders which are the fishermen of the cooperative. Catches are sold fresh on demand or processed (e.g. fillets, “bottarga”, smoked). In summer (June to September) during touristic ©FAO/V. CRESPI Fish harvesting from the mechanized gear season, lagoon products are served and sold at the (“lavorieri”) restaurant of the Cooperative of Orbetello. In the lagoon, the Cooperative also owns an aquaculture MISCALLANEOUS facility used for on-growing seabream and seabass used for restocking and marketing. This lagoon, although smaller than Thau lagoon, is considered a good model of integrated coastal management, capable to combine fisheries and aquaculture traditions, marketing activities for products from the lagoon and tourism, with particular attention to the environment. This visit allowed French fishermen to learn more about production systems used in the lagoon as well as management and marketing strategies applied to

resources of the lagoon. ©FAO/V. CRESPI Transfer of gilthead seabream fingerlings from the nursery to the on-growing ponds

SEE ALSO

Website of the Fishermen Cooperative of Orbetello (In Italian only) www.ipescatoriorbetello.it Cataudella S., Crosetti D., Massa F. (eds). Mediterranean coastal lagoons: sustainable management and interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment. Studies and Reviews. General Fisheries Commission for the ©FAO/V. CRESPI Mediterranean. No 95. Rome, FAO. 2015. 278 pp. Mechanized fishing gears “lavorieri” used in the Orbetello www.fao.org/3/a-i4668e.pdf lagoon

46 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 The Real Secret of the Templars: Farmed Fish as the Basis for a Long Life1

verage consumption of policy implications for Afish and fishery products aquaculture which is the has grown to reach 20 kg per main source of supply for capita, driven by rising consumer the future growth in global awareness of the need for healthy demand. diets and growing knowledge Given the intense current about the nutritional qualities focus on healthy living and of seafood. The article provides the vast scientific evidence evidence that also in Medieval generated over the last few times such knowledge was decades, it may come as present in certain communities, a surprise to discover that including the Knights Templar and also earlier generations MISCELLANEOUS that aquaculture was promoted as had notions about some a source of regular supply of fish. foods being healthier As shown by FAO statistics, than others, and that the average global seafood2 fish consumption of some food consumption per capita has items or categories could been increasing over the years be less safe than others. to reach a new record of 20 kg/ For example, we know capita in 2014 (FAO, 2016). that many religions have And FAO projections indicate prohibitions on certain foods, or of cheese, olive oil and fresh that this is foreseen to grow from certain species, and that food was encouraged. Washing further over the next decades as some of these may have an origin of hands before meals was higher purchasing power and in local practice and inspired by mandatory and members engaged continuing urbanization increase food safety concerns. in manual work outside were exempted from the preparation consumers’ appetite and access Religious communities, or serving food. These rules to fish and fishery products. brotherhoods and orders would were contained in the precepts The benefits from regular fish develop what we today would call of Bernard of Clairvaux and consumption and the importance guidelines and standards but were followed by the Knights Templar of fish as an integral part of a then and are still known as rules throughout their existence from balanced and nutritious diet are or regola. One recent editorial the founding around 1119 until being recognized not only by in Digestive and Liver Disease3 the order was dissolved in 1312. middle-class consumers, but by addresses how the members of governments and policymakers in the Order of the Temple, the The importance given to fish as a both developed and developing Knights Templar, implemented substitute for meat is noteworthy. countries wishing to promote a fairly strict dietary regime At the time, and in fact until seafood consumption as a way to prescribing regular consumption quite recently, meat was often achieve important health benefits of fish and vegetables. Meat considered a high status food, to society. This has particular consumption was limited to three and certainly the one preferred times a week and wine to be by the higher social classes from enjoyed in moderate quantities. which the noble Knights were Likewise, regular consumption recruited. Written by: Audun Lem, 1 This article is dedicated to the memory of Count Massimo Langosco di Langosco, 1943-2016, whose enthusiasm provided the necessary stimulus for proposing the topic to the editor. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture 2 Seafood is here to be understood as a generic term for fish and fishery products. Department, Rome, Italy 3 Digestive and Liver Disease 46 (2014). Pp 577-578. The diet of Templar Knights: Their secret to E-mail: [email protected] longevity? Franceschi, Francesco; Bernabei, R. Malfertheiner, P.; Gasbarinni, G.; Published by Elsevier Ltd. On behalf of Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.L.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 47 the Order. At the time, such longevity would be attributed to a special divine gift; today science attributes it to rules prescribed by Bernard of Clairvaux with a balanced and nutritious diet, a large intake of fish, vegetables and fruit as well as strict hygienic precautions. Although hard scientific evidence on the nutritional benefits of seafood consumption is only of recent date, anecdotal evidence and observations were COURTESY: WORLDFISH present also in historic times. It is well known that monks ultimately also cause their demise Aquaculture was promoted as a in Medieval Europe were early and dissolution by the hand of source of regular fish supply and pioneers of aquaculture, especially King Philip IV of France. However, observations are presented on the of carp. The Templars were no they also became famous for their links between a healthy lifestyle th exception and fish farming was discipline and rigour, and their and a long life in the 13 century. encouraged as a source of regular longevity. Official documents of fish supply. the Vatican testify that many of SEE ALSO them lived far longer compared The Templars became soon to other people at the time, FAO. 2016. The State of World known for their influence through except of course those who were Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. their international networks, their Contributing to food security and executed at the suppression of power and riches. This should nutrition for all. Rome. 200 pp. www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf MISCALLANEOUS

n continuing the global efforts to achieve and pertinent use to national governments, Iaquaculture sustainability through regional organizations, policy-makers, dissemination of up-to-date information on farmers, investors, civil society organizations, the status and trends of the sector, FAO has research and training institutions and the published six Aquaculture Regional general public. Reviews. These reviews can be of interest

(En) C1135/2 FIAA / 35/1 (En) (En) 5/6 (En) (En) FIAA/C11 (En) 3 C1135/5 FAO 35/3 / C1135/4 FIAA/C11 FIAA/ FIAA/C11 FIAA FAO Fisheries and ircular FAO and C O FAO FAO Aquaculture FA and Fisheries 065 2070-6 and ure Circular ISSN Fisheries andr Fisheries Fisheries andar Fisheries Circula Circular ircul Aquacult Circular ure C 065 re 2070-6 u Aquaculture Aquacult ISSN 065 Aquaculture Aquacult 0-6065 2070-6 -6065 65 N 207 ISSN 2070 070-60 ISS ISSN ISSN 2

URE ACULT IN AQU ENDS ND TR RE AQUACULTURE US A CULTU LTURE IN N STAT A – 2015 AQUA AQUACULTURE UACU TRENDS IEW O ERIC AQUACULTURE DS IN IN – 2015 IN AQ AND AL REV RTH AM IN – 2015 TREN TRENDS ICA ENDS STATUS EGION IN NO TRENDS BBEAN S AND 2015 AND AFR ND TR ON R NT AND CARI STATU ICA – STATUS NORTH TUS A REVIEW – 2015 OPME STATUS THE W ON N AFR ON AND N STA 015 EUROPE DEVEL ON A AND REVIE HARA EAST IEW O IC – 2 REGIONAL IN REVIEW ONAL UB-SA REVIEW NEAR L REV -PACIF AMERIC REGI NT IN S REGIONAL IN THE IONA ASIA DEVELOPMENT REGIONAL IN LATIN OPME E REG ENT IN MENT DEVEL CULTUR LOPM DEVELOP DEVELOPMENT AQUA DEVE

www.fao.org/fishery/regional-aquaculture-reviews/aquaculture-reviews-home/en

48 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017

Arrivederci Jiansan Jia ("JJ")!

fter almost 20 years with FAO Mr Jiansan Jia Awill be retiring as a full time FAO senior staff member. This brief article highlights his remarkable career and wishes him well on future activities. On March 16, 1998, Mr Jiansan Jia took up duties as the Chief of the Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service (FIRI – currently FIAA) of the Fisheries Department at FAO Headquarters in Rome. Long time readers of FAN may remember FIAA) and the name of the department became the happy announcement in the April 1998 issue the Fisheries and Aquaculture (emphasis added) number 18 where Mr Jia’s was introduced to the Department. This elevated status of aquaculture readership. That article listed Mr Jia’s impressive in FAO’s efforts to improve food security and accomplishments before coming to FAO: he was eliminate hunger were due in large part to JJ and the Director of the External Economic Relations, in the staff that he put together. JJ was instrumental the Bureau of Aquatic Products in the Ministry of in the establishment of the Sub-Committee on MISCELLANEOUS Agriculture in Beijing; he was then promoted to Aquaculture of the Committee on Fisheries and its Deputy Director General of the Bureau of Aquatic inaugural session was held in 2001 in Beijing. He Products; he then served as Vice General Manager oversaw the convening of two global conferences of the China National Fisheries Cooperation; on aquaculture that further demonstrated the thereafter Mr Jia was first Deputy Director General important role aquaculture can play in improving and Director General ad interim of the Department food security and nutrition. Realizing that no one of International Cooperation; just before coming group or organization can develop and manage the to FAO he was appointed General Manager of aquaculture sub-sector on its own, he facilitated the China National Agricultural Livestock/Fishery the development of the Aquaculture Network for Corporation in Beijing. Africa, the Network of Aquaculture of the Americas and the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Central As reported in that early FAN articles, Mr Jia was Eastern Europe; cooperation between the Network the first Chief of the FAO Inland Fisheries and of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific and the rest Aquaculture Service (FIRI - currently FIAA) with of the developing world was also enhanced. predominately aquaculture experience. Once in FAO Mr Jia began a process of supporting aquaculture As a result of his accomplishment and leadership and consolidating aquaculture expertise within qualities, in January 2014, JJ was promoted to FIRI. This process brought economists and resource Deputy Director of the Fisheries and Aquaculture people together and greatly facilitated FIRI’s work Policy and Resources Division. on aquaculture. Many of us can thank JJ for many things, not only As this process was taking place, Mr Jia was professionally, but personally as well. He is a great recognized as a dedicated and caring service Chief. colleague and friend. Please join us in wishing him He became affectionately known as ‘JJ’. well in whatever activities he pursues after FAO. Hopefully he will still make himself available as However, the friendly nickname did not slow a retiree consultant to the organization. We also down his efforts to bring aquaculture to its hope he will continue with Chinese lunches, and the rightful place in the agenda of FAO. In fact, friendship and the collegiality that he showed to us even the name of the service was changed to all these past decades. the Aquaculture Conservation and Management Service (FIMA - currently Aquaculture Branch, Arrivederci literally means ‘to see us again’ and we look forward to seeing JJ again.

SEE ALSO Written by: Devin Bartley FAN 18 - www.fao.org/docrep/005/w8516e/ FAO retiree, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, w8516e00.htm Rome, Italy FAN 52 - www.fao.org/3/f82ff154-b68c-48ec-a5d0- E-mail: [email protected] 0b06f044d432/h0028e.pdf

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 49 NEW STAFF PROFILES

Omar Elhassan Zhiyi Zhang Volunteer, Aquaculture Branch Intern, Aquaculture Branch Omar, a US National, recently joined the Zhang Zhiyi, a Chinese National. Zhiyi Aquaculture Branch of the Fisheries and was recommended for joining master Aquaculture Department in Rome, Italy program as well as joining PhD program as a volunteer for six months. He recently with exemption in Shanghai Ocean completed his BSc in Environmental Soil University in China. The major of her PhD Science from A&M University in is Fishery Economics & Management and Haydar Fersoy USA. In his studies, Omar specialized she specializes in ecological compensation in water quality and his research of aquaculture activities. And she got Senior Fisheries and Aquaculture investigated the effects of wastewater her Bachelor degree in Accounting in the treatment plants on antibiotic resistance same university. Before coming to FAO, Offcer, FAO Regional Offce profiles in a local watershed. In 2014, Zhiyi applied as well as lead & finished for Near East and North Africa, Omar worked as a policy intern at the The Shanghai Municipal Science and Cairo, Egypt Southern Environmental Association Technology Innovation Project for college (Belize), a marine conservation NGO, on student twice. And she also participated Prior to joining the FAO Regional mangrove restoration projects. During in a national level research program and Office for Near East and North Africa 2014-2017 Omar was Project Manager two Shanghai municipal level research (RNE), Haydar, a Turkish National, was for Just4Water, a nonprofit coordinating programs. As for awards, she is The International Consultant at the FAO Sub sustainable water solutions in rural Outstanding Graduate of Shanghai regional Office for Central Asia between Central America and, from 2016-2017, Ordinary University in 2014 and she got 2010 and 2016, where he undertook also worked as a grant writer for The different scholarships many times. roles in the Central Asia Regional Center on Conflict and Development, a During her 6 months internship in FAO, Programme for Fisheries and Aquaculture USAID Development Laboratory. After Zhiyi will carry out data compilation on Development; Secretariat of the Central FAO, Omar will work as an Agroforestry Chinese fishery market access regulations Asian and Caucasus Regional Fisheries and Specialist in Senegal from 2018-2020. and will translate some sections of Aquaculture Commission (CACFish) and the the GLOBEFISH website into Chinese. European Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture At FAO, Omar will research the environmental impacts aquaculture- She will also collaborate with the FAO Advisory Commission (EIFAAC). Previously Aquatic Genetic Resources team for he served the Turkish Ministry of Food, related AMU (Antimicrobial Usage) and AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance) under Dr data analysis and Ecosystem Approach Agriculture and Livestock for 20 years. to Aquaculture related research. During his time at the Ministry, he worked Melba Reantaso supervision. Omar will primarily in the areas of aquaculture; be participating in the weekly AMR- Zhiyi can be reached at: fisheries research; multilateral and working group and initiate a review [email protected] bilateral negotiations; fisheries planning, of the literature on the environmental policy and management; legislative impacts of antimicrobials in aquaculture. and regulatory approximation; fisheries He will also be presenting at Aquatic conservation and biodiversity; Fisheries AMR Workshop in Mangalore, India. Monitoring, Control and Surveillance; Omar can be reached at: and fish genetics and disease. As national [email protected] delegate, he represented Turkey at a number of regional and international fora with a mandate in fisheries. He holds a MSc (by research) degree in fish genetics from the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling in Scotland, United Kingdom. Haydar can be reached at: [email protected] FAO/A. STANKUS ©

50 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 Lionel Dabbadie Xiao Liang Pierre Murekezi Consultant, Aquaculture Branch Volunteer, Aquaculture Branch Consultant, Aquaculture Branch Lionel a French National, is an Xiao Liang, a Chinese National, has joined Pierre a Rwandese National, holds Agronomist Engineer and he holds a the Aquaculture Branch to work as a a Master’s Degree in Rule of Law Doctoral Degree from the University volunteer trade specialist for 6 months. Development from Loyola University of Paris-6, France for his work on pond Xiao is now employed by Agricultural Chicago, USA and a Bachelor’s Degree in dynamics in Ivorian rural periphyton- Trade Promotion Center of Ministry of law from National University of Rwanda. based aquaculture ponds. As a scientist Agriculture in China since 2013, where Prior to joining FAO, he worked of French Cirad (Agriculture Research her major role was to organize and

in the Ministry of Agriculture and STAFF NEW PROFILES for Development Centre - www.cirad. facilitate agricultural trade expos such Animal Resource, Kigali, Rwanda as fr/en), he has been working on long as China Potato Expo, the Seoul Food, Policy Analysis Officer. During his term assignments in Côte d’Ivoire, etc. In 2014 and 2015, she was seconded time at the ministry, he was providing Guinea, Brazil, the Philippines, Thailand, to the Division of Asian and African intellectual leadership, management and Madagascar, with an interest in Affairs, International Cooperation and contributions to a range of policy understanding better aquaculture Department of Ministry of Agriculture research projects undertaken by the team, development and its interactions as a program officer responsible for including supervision of project design, with surrounding human and natural bilateral agriculture cooperation between research methods, policy judgement environments. He has also worked on China and Japan, Republic of Korea, and participation in report writing. aquaculture networking and knowledge Mongolia and Central Asian countries, sharing, following his involvement in as well as multilateral cooperation in In 2013, he joined FAO Legal Office as the SARNISSA (www.sarnissa.org) project the region. Xiao obtained her bachelor legal consultant in charge of supporting and more recently, engaged himself in degree in trade and economics in 2010 legal databases (FAOLEX - www.fao.org/ higher education. The Asian Institute of and a master’s degree in Economics faolex/en, Portlex - www.fao.org/legal/ Technology bestowed upon him the title in 2013 from the Capital University databases/portlex/en) and the draft of of “Distinguished Adjunct Faculty”, and of Economics and Business (CUEB) in legal documents (institutional matters, he recently coordinated an e-learning Beijing, China. She also has a master’s international environmental law). project for the French Virtual University degree in International Relations from During his assignment in the Aquaculture on Environment and Development Johns Hopkins-Nanjing Center. Branch, Pierre will be working on (UVED). Lionel joined FAO Aquaculture Xiao can be reached at: aquaculture policy and governance Branch in November 2016 to assist the [email protected] topics. Specifically, he will support Branch in regular program work as well FIAA’s work on: (i) the assessment of as project supervision and backstopping. opportunities and needs of national Lionel can be reached at: aquaculture platforms for promotion [email protected] of public-private partnerships and best practices in aquaculture; (ii) drafting and/ or analyzing legal documents related to the Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF); (iii) aquaculture governance in Africa; (iv) updating the National Aquaculture legislation Overviews (NALOs - www.fao.org/fishery/nalo/search/en). Pierre can be reached at: Pierre [email protected] FAO/V. CRESPI ©

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 51 NEW PUBLICATIONS

NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS

TECHNICAL PAPERS

FAO. 2017 Aquaculture zoning, site selection and area management under the ecosystem approach to aquaculture. A handbook Report ACS18071. Rome, Italy, FAO, and World Bank Group, Washington, DC. 62 pp. Includes a USB card containing the full document (395 pp.)

The ecosystem approach to aquaculture provides the conceptual guideline for spatial planning and management. This publication describes the major steps related to these activities. The rationale for and objectives of each step, the ways (methodologies) to implement it, and the means (tools) that are available to enable a methodology are described in a stepwise . Recommendations to practitioners and policy-makers are provided. A separate policy brief accompanies this paper. The benefits from spatial planning and management are numerous and include higher productivity and returns for investors, and more effective mitigation of environmental, economic and social risks, the details of which are provided in this paper. This publication is organized in two parts. Part one is the “Guidance”; it is the main body of the document and describes the processes and steps for spatial planning, including aquaculture zoning, site selection and area management. Part two of the publication includes six annexes that present key topics, including: (i) binding and non-legally binding international instruments, which set the context for sustainable national aquaculture; (ii) biosecurity zoning; (iii) aquaculture certification and zonal management; (iv) an overview of key tools and models that can be used to facilitate and inform the spatial planning process; (v) case studies from ten countries – Brazil, Chile, China, Indonesia, Mexico, Oman, the Philippines, Turkey, Uganda and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; and (vi) a workshop report. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6992e.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected] ©FAO/V. CRESPI ©FAO/V.

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(Arabic) (English) FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 No. NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE FAO

variable geographic scales. at the following web link: The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded www.fao.org/3/a-i6043e.pdf For further information, please contact: workshops, workshops, held under the auspices of the Food and of Organization Agriculture the United Nations aquaculture in the Near East. at improving the prospects for fisheries and (FAO), aimed principally Marine spatial planning provides a process that step-by-step allows for of the integration cooperative the major marine uses and users within a defined marine area. These ordered procedures allow all identified marine activities. ensuring the long-term sustainability of stakeholders to work towards incorporated be readily can aquaculture and fisheries both to approach ecosystem the of principles The into the process. The output of MSP is the conflicting development uses of of a the plan sea, that addresses thus MSP any can best function of enabling environment. the marine and sustainability potentially protection the management, zoning, strategic, forward-looking period. time planning long a over for experiences learned of the adjustments and regulation, reinforcement continuing includes it if The document concludes by providing three annexes. The first includes the main recommendations concerning the adoption of marine spatial planning taken from the RECOFI (FAO) Cairo workshop in 2012. The second describes the main marine activities to be included in marine spatial planning for Saudi Arabia. The third annex provides a listing of comprehensive about information additional MSP, including worldwide examples where MSP has been applied under varied local conditions at highly FAO. 2016 2016 FAO. aquaculture and fisheries enhanced for planning spatial Marine East in the Near – its application sustainability & A.M. O’Hagan, R.A., Corner, J., Aguilar-Manjarrez, G.J., Meaden, 604. No. Paper Technical Aquaculture and Fisheries FAO F. Cardia, Italy Rome, planning spatial marine of application the for account comprehensive and clear a provides document This (MSP) within the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) region. It builds on regional technical www.fao.org/3/b-i4508a.pdf For further information, please contact: Cage aquaculture has grown rapidly in recent decades, and there development and use of more intensive cage-farming systems has to access and expand into untapped been a move materials and size towards design, in vary the cages Fish waters. offshore marine in particularly areas, open-water used, as they have been designed for employment in diverse environments, ranging from relatively protected to highly exposed and dynamic sites, either This as technical manual focuses floating on high-density or polyethylene (HDPE) cages fully as they submerged are widely used structures. in modern industrial marine aquaculture in many parts highly practical of and the technical information world. on It the design provides and the components of reader and a on with typical how HDPE a cage, cage collar is assembled and the net pen installed. cage, Along comprehensive with information the on structure of the the grid mooring system and installation is provided. the Finally, manual presents and discusses information on farming operations, including maintenance and control of the farming structures, stocking of the farmed fish, feeding, harvesting and packaging as well as other practical aspects and routine management operations. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i4508e.pdf FAO. 2015 FAO. in floating HDPE cages: operations Aquaculture a field handbook Technical Fisheries and Aquaculture & Lovatelli A. 2015. FAO F. Cardia No. 593. Rome, FAO Paper.

©FAO/ V. CRESPI V. FAO AQUACULTURE REGIONAL REVIEWS

FAO. 2016 Regional Review on Status and Trends in Aquaculture Development in Asia-Pacific – 2015 Rohana Subasinghe. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1135/5. Rome, Italy

Thirty-five countries produced more farmed than wild-caught fish in 2014 and four top producers in Asia-Pacific, namely, Bangladesh, China, India and Viet Nam are included in this group. Historically, the Asia-Pacific region (in particular China, South Asia and South-East Asia sub-regions) has dominated global aquaculture production, both in quantity and value; the region contributed 65.2 million tonnes of aquatic animals, amounting to 88 percent of the global total in 2014. The value of Asia-Pacific regional aquatic animal production in 2014 was 79 percent of the global total, amounting to US$127 billion. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6875e.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO. 2017 Regional review on status and trends in aquaculture development in Europe – 2015, Roy Clarke and John Bostock. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1135/1. Rome, Italy

This update considers the wider European region comprising the 43 countries that were the object of the more detailed 2010 review of aquaculture in Europe (Váradi et al., 2011) and in particular notes significant changes related to aquaculture in that region since 2010. Aquaculture production data have been obtained from FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. The most notable development in the period has been the continuing increase in the production of (by 43 percent for the period 2009–2014), mainly in the Kingdom of Norway but with significant increases also in the NEW PUBLICATIONS NEW Faroe Islands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Russian Federation. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6865e.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO. 2017 Regional review on status and trends in aquaculture development in North America – 2015 Brian Harvey. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1135/2 Rome, Italy

The review summarizes status and trends of aquaculture development in North America for the period 2010–2015 and concentrates on activities in Canada and the United States of America. Relevant aspects of the social and economic background of each country are followed by a description of current and evolving aquaculture practices (species, methods, amounts and values) and the needs of the industry in terms of resources, services and technologies. Impacts of aquacultural practices on the environment are discussed, followed by a consideration of the industry’s response to market demands and opportunities and its contribution to social and economic development at the regional, national and international levels. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6866e.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

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FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 No. NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE FAO . It is mostly desert and arid lands, with a total population of about 415 million people. 2 2017 FAO. the in development aquaculture in trends and status on review Regional Near East and North Africa – 2015 Circular Fisheries and Aquaculture Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed. FAO No. 1135/6. Rome, Italy about of area land total a with countries 20 comprises region (NENA) Africa North and East Near The 12 million km All NENA countries have sea borders, but fresh water resources are very scarce. Except in the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Islamic Republic of Iran, the contribution of aquaculture to national gross domestic product (GDP) in the region is negligible. Aquaculture production in the NENA region has doubled over the past decade (2005–2014), from 702 340 tonnes in 2005 to 2014, 1 with 531 an 318 average annual tonnes growth in rate of 9.7 percent. However, Egypt and Iran contributed 74 and 21 percent, respectively, to total aquaculture output. Meanwhile, the role of aquaculture in total fish production is steadily increasing in the region. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6876e.pdf For further information, please contact: The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded www.fao.org/3/a-i6873e.pdf For further information, please contact: Regional review on status and trends in aquaculture development in in aquaculture on status and trends Regional review sub-Saharan Africa – 2015 No. 1135/4 Circular Fisheries and Aquaculture Satia. FAO Benedict P. Rome, Italy The present regional review and synthesis for sub-Saharan Africa issues and provides trends in the aquaculture sector an between 2004 and 2014 with overview emphasis on outstanding of major issues over the last five years. The regional review reflects development in 41countries in SSA for which production was reported to FAO in 2014. The production volume and value data have been derived from the latest FAO global aquaculture dataset 1950–2014 (FishStat). Freshwater (inland), brackish water and marine (coastal) environments are used for of aquaculture the activities production, are concentrated but inland. The most operations, particularly inland, are either subsistence, small-scale market-driven or large industrial scale. Between 2004 and 2014 there was a seven-fold growth rate (APR) of 21 percent. increase in production with an average percent FAO. 2017 FAO. Chile and a decline in catches in several coastal areas. In contrast, aquaculture evolved from 0.8 to 2.8 million tonnes and values from US$3.8 to US$15.9 billion in the same period. These facts have allowed aquaculture to increase its contribution to total regional landings from 4.1 percent in 2000 to 20.5 percent in 2014.The region also contributed 3.8 in percent volume to but world farmed its to of aquaculture kilogram per value a production average the in more Oceania to only second substantial is region The 10.7 2014. in catches, percent in value terms, and 11.6 percent to production. total wild web link: publication can be downloaded at the following The PDF version of this www.fao.org/3/a-i6867e.pdf please contact: For further information, Regional review on status and trends in aquaculture development in Latin Latin in 2017 FAO. development aquaculture in trends and status on review Regional 2015 – Caribbean the and America Circular and Aquaculture Fisheries G. FAO Carlos Wurmann Rome, Italy No. 1135/3. With a land surface of 21 million square kilometers America and the Caribbean and (LAC) has drastically diminished its capture fish production, from 19.8 to a population of 634 million (2015), Latin 10.8 million tonnes between 2000 and 2014, as a result of decaying pelagic fisheries off Peru and WORKSHOP REPORTS

FAO. 2017 Report of the International Emergency Fish Disease Investigation Mission on a Suspected Outbreak of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in the Democratic Republic of Congo Democratic Republic of Congo, 13–19 March 2015

In response to a request for an emergency technical assistance from the Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in connection with a serious disease affecting fish in Lokame River in Loko and in Mbanza Oton, 60 km from Gbadolite, FAO formed an International Emergency Disease Investigation Task Force. The overall objective of the Task Force was to (1) confirm that an outbreak was happening; establish a case definition and presumptive diagnosis of the causative agent; (2) collect and process fish samples for relevant laboratory tests; (3) identify risk factors, confirm diagnosis and define further investigation or follow-up work; (4) recommend border/cross border control measures to prevent further spread of the disease; (5) identify specific short-term and medium-term biosecurity action plans that the government may undertake; and (6) provide further recommendations to FAO on how to prevent the further spread of the disease. Some members of the Task Force travelled to DRC from 13 to 19 March 2015, conducted field investigations and laboratory test and has confirmed the presence of the epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) using three recommended confirmatory tests such as: (i) demonstration of mycotic granulomas and fungal structures in stained histological sections, (ii) isolation of Aphanomyces invadans on culture media and (iii) positive identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of A. invadans genomic DNA. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6596e.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO. 2017 Regional Conference “Blue Growth in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea: developing sustainable aquaculture for food security” Massa, F., Rigillo, R., Bourdenet, D., Fezzardi, D., Nastasi, A., Rizzotti,

NEW PUBLICATIONS NEW H., Emam, W. & Carmignac, C. 9–11 December 2014, Bari, Italy. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings No. 46. Rome

The Regional Conference "Blue Growth in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea: developing sustainable aquaculture for food security" was organized by the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in collaboration with the Italian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Policies (MiPAAF) and the European Commission and in partnership with the International Organisation for the Development of Fisheries in Central and Eastern Europe (Eurofish) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This event took place at the International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Institute of Bari (CIHEAM Bari), Italy. The conference was attended by more than 140 representatives of governments and international organizations, delegates, experts and practitioners from 16 Mediterranean and Black Sea riparian countries, who exchanged their views on the most salient issues connected to sustainable aquaculture development in the region. The conference acknowledged the key role to be played by the sector in achieving food security, employment and economic development in the region, under a blue growth perspective. All participating countries reached a consensus on the need to foster cooperation and implement coherent and coordinated strategies to face challenges ahead and ensure the sustainable and responsible growth in the sector in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This event was also marked by the adoption of conclusions and recommendations, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of a GFCM Task Force on a Strategy for the sustainable development of Mediterranean and Black Sea aquaculture. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6902e.pdf (English and French) For further information, please contact: [email protected]

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FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 No. NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE FAO www.fao.org/3/a-i7015e.pdf For further information, please contact: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report. No 1187. Rome, Italy Fisheries and Aquaculture FAO The purpose of the Sixth Annual Meeting of reaffirm the Aquaculture the Network for commitment Africa towards (ANAF) was ANAF to draft by of the its four legal Member documents: countries; (i) ANAF discuss (iii) ANAF Founding Financial Regulations and Agreement, and (iv) (ii) ANAF agree Headquarters ANAF Agreement; and Rules on to discuss of and the agree Procedure, on a clear strategy and concrete follow up Inter-Governmental Organization (IGO). During actions the meeting, two leading working groups were established. to the establishment of ANAF The ANAF as legal documents were an reviewed and endorsed. A Concept note on the roadmap for the establishment of ANAF was developed. Two options were proposed for (1) establishment ANAF of secretariat ANAF: to be hosted by a Member state unit within as AU-IBAR structure. The meeting an was more in favour IGO of the second option or for budgetary (2) Integration of ANAF as Inland on Committee next the during countries a Member by taken be will decision final a but reasons 2017. May 9-11 Gambia, The Banjul, in held be to Session (CIFAA) Africa in Aquaculture and Fisheries Mali offered to host the Seventh ANAF Annual meeting in 2017. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: FAO. 2017 FAO. Network for Africa (ANAF) Annual Report of the Sixth Aquaculture Meeting, Entebbe, Uganda, 6 to 9 December 2016 symposium which covered a broad range of biotechnologies, from those low-tech involving approaches use such of as microbial fermentation processes, biofertilizers, insemination, to high-tech approaches such as those involving advanced DNA-based biopesticides methodologies and artificial and genetically modified organisms. at the following web link: The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded www.fao.org/3/a-i5922e.pdf For further information, please contact: FAO. 2016 FAO. International Symposium on the Role of of the FAO Proceedings and Sustainable Food Systems Agricultural Biotechnologies in Nutrition Rome, Italy 284 pp. FAO, J.D. & C. Daly. Edited by Ruane J., Dargie The FAO international symposium on “The role of agricultural biotechnologies in sustainable food systems and nutrition” took place from Over 400 people 15 attended, including to 230 delegates 17 from 75 member February countries and 2016 the Union, European as at well FAO as representatives headquarters, of intergovernmental Rome. organizations, private society sector entities, organizations, civil academia/research organizations and The symposium producer encompassed the crop, organizations/cooperatives. livestock, forestry and fishery sectors and was organized around three main themes: i) climate change; ii) people, policies, sustainable institutions and communities. food The proceedings systems provide the and main highlights nutrition; of the and iii) the BGI umbrella, FAO, in collaboration with the Government of Kenya, is implementing two projects for the coast of Kenya. The objectives of these initiatives coral reef are ecosystem services to: supporting food, (i) nutrition increase and livelihood knowledge security; (ii) of identify the water drivers of basin ecosystem to services deterioration as well as the approach ecosystem the under development its management promote and mariculture sustainable coastal in investment options to improve them; and (iii) foster to aquaculture (EAA). This report describes the activities in and Mombasa, outcomes Kenya, of from a 27 workshop to that 31 took July place 2015. in The the country; objectives and of (ii) the conduct event a training were session to: such zones, on coastal the of users other with (i) integration considering the by Kenya in mariculture of development implementation launch of the the BGI EAA for the sustainable agriculture. as tourism, fisheries and web link: publication can be downloaded at the following The PDF version of this www.fao.org/3/a-i5997e.pdf For further information, please contact: FAO. 2016 2016 FAO. Initiative Growth Blue the launching workshop of the FAO Report in Kenya to aquaculture approach an ecosystem and implementing Aquaculture Fisheries and July 2015. FAO Kenya, 27-31 Mombasa, Italy 1145. Rome, Report No. management The and Blue governance the Growth improving by Initiative sectors (BGI) aquaculture and is fisheries sustainable an and FAO responsible flagship initiative that aims at Under communities. empowering and supporting habitats, and biodiversity of conservation ecosystems, aquatic the more of productive, FAO. 2017 Report of the knowledge exchange on the promotion of efficient rice farming practices, Farmer Field School curriculum development, and value chains Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 26–29 September 2016. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1181. Rome, Italy

A total of 33 participants (10 women) participated in the Regional Rice Initiative – Workshop cum Study Tour on knowledge exchange on Farmer Field School curriculum development for promotion of efficient rice farming practices and value chains. Field visits were made to Sleman (Rice-Fish farming and “jajar legowo”) and Boyalali (organic rice value chains) organized by FAO Indonesia in collaboration with the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and the international civil society organization Vredeseilanden (VECO) and its local partner CSO Aliansi Petani Padi Organik Boyolali (APOLLI). Following the study tour, the regional workshop was held to: (1) facilitate the regional exchange of knowledge and experiences on sustainable intensification of rice production, including Rice-Fish farming systems and rice value chains; and (2) take stock of Farmer Field School curricula currently available, introduce the FFS Guidance Document and identify opportunities for strengthening of the FFS curricula. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6617e.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO. 2016 Aquaculture insurance in Viet Nam: Experiences from the pilot programme Kim Anh Thi Nguyen and Tipparat Pongthanapanich. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1133. Rome, Italy

This paper describes the experiences in aquaculture insurance in Viet Nam. The study focused on the first pilot phase of the national agricultural insurance programme coordinated by the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development during 2011–2013. The programme was mandated by Decision No. 315/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister dated 1 March 2011. The programme covered rice farming, livestock husbandry and aquaculture. The Government subsidized the insurance

NEW PUBLICATIONS NEW premiums by applying four levels of entitlement according to the level of participants’ household income: 100 percent to poor households, 80 percent to near-poor households (later increased to 90 percent), 60 percent to non-poor households, and 20 percent to organizations or cooperatives. Participating in the entire programme was 304 017 households and one agricultural organization. Poor households accounted for 77 percent. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6559e.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected] T. SHIPTON ©FAO/

58 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 NEWNEW PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS 59

APRIL 2017

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(English) (Arabic) FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 No. NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE FAO Siting is a critical step in the planning phase of new cage aquaculture potential projects. and interactions In assess to the critical is it screening installed, be of can farm cage a where sites possible the conflicts with the surrounding environment and with other coastal users. Saudi experiencing large Red development activities, Sea and the coast proper selection is process of suitable sites is the key factor to ensure success and sustainability of any commercial cage operation. This publication provides a wide information on the most relevant criteria that need to be taken into when going throughout the siting process for cage aquaculture projects. consideration The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6719e.pdf www.fao.org/3/a-i6719a.pdf For further information, please contact: FAO. 2017 FAO. Aspects of and Environmental Guidelines and Criteria on Technical Site Selection in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Cage Aquaculture project) (publication of the UTF/SAU/048/SAU Ciattaglia A. & Corner R.A. F., Cardia www.fao.org/3/a-i6863e.pdf For further information, please contact: Guidelines on Environmental Monitoring for Cage Aquaculture Monitoring for Cage Aquaculture Guidelines on Environmental the within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (publication of UTF/SAU/048/SAU project) Corner R.A. This document has been prepared based on sound scientific principles and international approaches appropriate collected, is data to how monitoring cage collected, aquaculture facilities. be In general this to is a parameters guide to monitor, help support to good monitoring what on details with practice, ways to process the data and what to do with it once the survey is complete and results available. Such monitoring activity will ensure that cage impacts farms for the use long practices term sustainability that of minimize cage environmental aquaculture within In this the sense the document Kingdom is for of fish farmers Saudi and their consultants Arabia. to ensure a unified process of monitoring using standardized procedures, but is more generally applicable for all stakeholders The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: FAO. 2017 FAO. www.fao.org/3/a-i6823e.pdf For further information, please contact: recommendations addressed to the participating countries as well as to other developing countries and a specific follow-up second The Nam. Viet and Thailand Singapore, activity Philippines, the China, from experts were participants in Thailand with a possible aquaculture sustainable and viable a of prospects the on focused 2016, September 21 on workshop, FAO collaborative assistance. The field a by informed were deliberations The Thailand. of industry aquaculture shrimp the for insurance study of the demand for insurance by the sector. It was joined by officers and members of shrimp of the first workshop. from five provinces of Thailand and the participants farmers’ cooperatives advisers, farmer farmers, made (i) results: these facilitated also It objectives. its attained workshop The researchers and academics more familiar with the insurance business and technical requirements of insurers, (ii) made insurers industry, high-risk a as aquaculture view to become continue insurers that confirmed (iii) farmers, aquaculture more familiar with the circumstances and (iv) highlighted the the needs need to of incorporate risk assessment and management in better farm management practices in line with the requirements of insurance, and (v) confirmed the the development of in the development of institutional services for farmers. usefulness of bundling credit and insurance at the following web link: The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded FAO. 2017 2017 FAO. insurance of aquaculture on development of the workshop Report for small-scale farmerssystem and Fisheries FAO September 2016. Thailand, 20–21 Bangkok, Italy No. 1177. Rome, Report Aquaculture The workshop aimed to available identify and policy accessible to and seven small-scale technical supplementary papers aquaculture measures and presentations farmers. informed that the Three discussions, would commissioned which led make papers to a insurance and set of PROJECT REPORTS FAO. 2017 Feasibility Study Model for Cage Farming Business of Small-Medium Size (publication of the UTF/SAU/048/SAU project) Ciattaglia, A.

The topics outlined in the feasibility study model are designed for the development of a technical project and business plan of small to medium fish farm projects. This tool has been designed to be used in the cage aquaculture licensing process in Saudi Arabia, providing guidelines to regulators on the format and the standard information scheme to be provided by investors when applying for cage aquaculture licenses. The book is in double language and it is provided with softcopies of excel spreadsheets where forms and business model are included to support private investors in developing the technical and economic feasibility study for a small- medium cage aquaculture project. The software allows the drafting of the business plan returning information on breakeven point, cash flow and loan scheme. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-i6718b.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO. 2016 Atlas of potential areas for cage aquaculture Red Sea - Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia (publication of the UTF/SAU/048/SAU project) Saunders, J., Cardia, F., Hazzaa, M.S., Rasem., B.M., Othaibi, M.I. & Rafiq, M.B

The Atlas of potential areas for cage aquaculture in the Red Sea has been funded, produced and published in a double language book within the framework of the Technical Cooperation Programme between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) during the implementation of the unilateral trust fund project “Strengthening and supporting further development of aquaculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (UTF/SAU/048/SAU)”. The Atlas has been developed by the Geographic Information System unit in the Jeddah Fisheries Research Center under the guidance of Mr Justin Saunders, GIS expert and Francesco Cardia, Project Manager of the UTF/SAU/048/ SAU project. A number of datasets containing environmental and socioeconomic information useful for site selection have been developed and gathered in a

NEW PUBLICATIONS NEW GIS database; the most relevant site selection criteria have been then applied in the GIS analysis identifying promising areas for cage aquaculture development. 36 maps, covering the whole Red Sea coast of the KSA at a scale of 1:200 000, display the result of the analysis. In general, this is a marine spatial planning tool to support the identification of Aquaculture Management Areas, through the provision of geo-referenced information on some of the main criteria that may allow a proper siting of the cage farms, supporting the Ministry of Agriculture in the planning of the allocation of areas for cage aquaculture development and the investors who wish to establish marine cage aquaculture projects in the Red Sea. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/a-c0046b.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected] M. HASAN M. ©FAO/

60 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 CALENDAR OF EVENTS ©FAO CALENDAR OF EVENTS • CALENDAR OF EVENTS • CALENDAR OF EVENTS • CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Regional Consultation on Responsible Production and Use of Feed and Feed Ingredients for Sustainable Growth of Aquaculture in Asia-Pacific Bangkok, Thailand, 7-9 March 2017 Information: [email protected]

Terminal workshop on: Enhancing Aquaculture Production for Food Security and Rural Development Through Improved Feed Value Chain, Production and Use (TCP/KYR/3502) Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 23rd March 2017 Information: [email protected]

Strengthening Biosecurity Capacity of Palau: Training Course on Biosecurity Database Development (TCP/PLW/3601/C1) 24-27 March 2017, Koror, Palau Information: [email protected]

MARCH 2017 Strengthening Biosecurity Capacity of Palau: National Workshop (TCP/PLW/3601/C1) 28 March 2017, Koror, Palau Information: [email protected]

Tenth Session of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Aquaculture (CAQ) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Izmir, Turkey, 27-29 March 2017 Information: [email protected]

Driving African Fisheries to sustained Growth Conference, Build on the Achievements of the SmartFish Programme Nairobi, Kenya, 3-6 April 2017 Information: [email protected]

FAO Write-Shop Part 2: Responsible Management of Bacterial Diseases in Aquaculture 6-8 April 2017, Mangalore, India APRIL 2017 Information: [email protected]

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 61 Strengthening Capacities, Policies and National Action Plans on Prudent and Responsible Use of Antimicrobials in Fisheries: Workshop 1 (FMM/RAS/298/MUL): 10-12 April 2017, Mangalore, India Information: [email protected]

Stakeholder’s Inception Workshop on Fish Loss and Waste in Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt, 11-12 April 2017 Information: [email protected]

Inception Workshop on: Restarting and Modernization of Fish Seed

APRIL 2017 Production in Tajikistan (TCP/TAJ/3601/C1) 25-26 April 2017, Dushanbe, Tajikistan Information: [email protected]

Strengthening Biosecurity Governance And Capacities for Dealing with the Serious Shrimp Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) Disease: Second Inter-Regional Workshop (TCP/INT/3501): 2-5 May 2017, Natal, Brasil Information: [email protected]

Seventeenth Session of the Committee for Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture of Africa (CIFAA). Banjul, the Gambia, 9-11 May 2017 Information: [email protected] MAY 2017 Tenth Session of the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) Kuwait, Kuwait, 9-11 May 2017 Information: [email protected]

CALENDAR OF EVENTS Strengthening Capacities, Policies and National Action Plans on Prudent and Responsible Use of Antimicrobialsin Fisheries: Workshop 2 (FMM/RAS/298/MUL)

2017 1-4 August 2017

AUGUST Information: [email protected]

Strengthening Biosecurity Governance and Capacities for Dealing with the Serious Shrimp Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) disease: Third Inter-Regional Workshop (TCP/INT/3501) 4-7 September 2017, Bali, Indonesia Information: [email protected]

2017 Sixteenth Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Sub-Committee on Fish Trade Busan, Republic of Korea, 4-8 September 2017 SEPTEMBER Information: [email protected]

Ninth Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Sub-Committee on

Aquaculture Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, 23-26 October 2017 Information: [email protected] NON FAO EVENTS 2017 Boston Seafood Show OCTOBER United States of America, 19-21 March, 2017 Information: [email protected]

62 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 56 ■ APRIL 2017 National Aquaculture Sector Overview (NASO) Map collection Examples of aquaculture inventories in selected countries Subnational level Bangladesh Brazil Chile

China Italy Islamic Republic of Iran

Mexico Thailand The collection consists of Google maps showing the location of aquaculture sites and their characteristics at an administrative level and at an individual farm level

Individual farm level

ANGOLA, intensive tilapia pond culture COSTA RICA, semi-intensive tilapia pond culture CYPRUS, fish cage (gilthead seabream) culture S8°45'32.90"; E13°26'57.44" N10°22'15.56"; W84°21'21.06" N34°41'50.53"; E33°16'8.74"

GREECE, fish cage (gilthead seabream) culture INDONESIA, fish cages, emperor red snapper MALTA, fish cage (gilthead seabream) culture N34°41'50.53"; E33°16'8.74" S5°39'39.41"; E105°13'23.98" N 35°49'38.86"; E14°32'30.97"

NICARAGUA, semi-intensive shrimp pond culture OMAN, shrimp farm, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES, pond; hatchery (gilthead N12°56'25.54" W87°28'58.94" N20°20'24.238"; E57°57'4.73" seabream) N24°28'45.23"; E54°28'44.82" www.fao.org/fishery/naso-maps/naso-home/en FFAO AquacultureAN Newsletter

Aquaculture Branch Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organziation of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy

E-mail: [email protected]

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September 2016 September 54

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter March 2016

The FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued two times a year by the Aquaculture TeamN (FIAA) of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy. ItFAO presents articles Aquaculture andA views from the FAO aquaculture programme Newsletter and discusses various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the Fperspective of both headquarters and the field programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, from FAO regional offices and field projects, by FAO consultants and, occasionally, by invitation from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to various institutions, scientists, VITAMIN B12 VITAMIN A VITAMIN D CALCIUM

IRON

DHA EPA ZINC SELENIUM

AQUACULTURE BC866e/1/02.16

IODINE INFORMATION Fish is an excellentPROTEIN source of nutrition 17% of global protein comes from fish

training

FAO produces technical informationnetworking for the sustainable development of aquaculture

knowledge Support In this month’s issue to: » Aquaculture, Fish, Food and Health ii » Installation of Feed Mills and Hatcheries for Carp Production in 22 Papers Guidelines Kyrgyz Republic 31 » Growing Interest for Aquaculture in the Near East » Improving Food Security in the 39 Northeast of Haiti » Managing Aquaculture from Space 46

Web pages CD-ROMs

www.fao.org/aquaculture© FAO 2015

I5122E/1/11/15

The FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued two times a year by the Aquaculture Branch (FIAA) of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy. It presents articles and views from the FAO aquaculture programme and discusses various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the perspective of both headquarters and the fi eld programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, from FAO regional offi ces and fi eld projects, by FAO consultants and, occasionally, by invitation from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to various institutions, scientists, planners and managers in member countries and has a current circulation of about 1 300 copies. It is also available on the FAO webpage: www.fao.org/fi shery/publications/fan/en I7171EN/1/04.17

Chief Editor: Valerio Crespi © FAO, 2017 Editorial Board Members: Malcolm Beveridge, José Aguilar Manjarrez, Esther Garrido Gamarro Graphic Designer: José Luis Castilla Civit

Citation: FAO. 2017. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter. No. 56 (April). Rome. Citation for single contribution: Name(s) of the author(s). Year. Title of the article. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, No. 56, pp. xx–xx.