Stamen Construction, Development and Evolution in Salvia S.L
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Pollination Ecology Summary
Pollination Ecology Summary Prof. em. Klaus Ammann, Neuchâtel [email protected] June 2013 Ohne den Pollenübertragungs-Service blütenbesuchender Tiere könnten sich viele Blütenpanzen nicht geschlechtlich fortpanzen. Die komplexen und faszinierenden Bestäubungsvorgänge bei Blütenpanzen sind Ausdruck von Jahrmillionen von Selektionsvorgängen, verbunden mit Selbstorganisation der Lebewesen; eine Sicht, die auch Darwin schon unterstützte. Bei vielen zwischenartlichen Beziehungen haben sich zwei oder auch mehrere Arten in ihrer Entwicklung gegenseitig beeinusst. Man spricht hier von sogenannter Coevolution. Deutlich ist die Coevolution auch bei verschiedenen Bestäubungssystemen und -mechanismen, die von symbiontischer bis parasitischer Natur sein können. Die Art-Entstehung, die Vegetationsökologie und die Entstehung von Kulturpanzen sind eng damit verbunden Veranstalter: Naturforschende Gesellschaft Schaffhausen 1. Pollination Ecology Darwin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_syndrome http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/pollination.htm Fenster, C.B., Armbruster, W.S., Wilson, P., Dudash, M.R., & Thomson, J.D. (2004) Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 35, pp 375-403 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Pollination/Fenster-Pollination-Syndromes-2004.pdf invitation to browse in the website of the Friends of Charles Darwin http://darwin.gruts.com/weblog/archive/2008/02/ Working Place of Darwin in Downe Village http://www.focus.de/wissen/wissenschaft/wissenschaft-darwin-genoss-ein-suesses-studentenleben_aid_383172.html Darwin as a human being and as a scientist Darwin, C. (1862), On the various contrivances by which orchids are fertilized by insects and on the good effects of intercrossing The Complete Work of Charles Darwin online, Scanned, OCRed and corrected by John van Wyhe 2003; further corrections 8.2006. -
Evaluation of Content of Phenolics in Salvia Species Cultivated in South Moravian Region Hodnotenie Obsahu Fenolov Vo Vybraných Druhoch Rodu Salvia L
Acta Fac. Pharm. Univ. Comen. LXII, 2015 (Suppl IX): 18-22. ISSN 1338-6786 (online) and ISSN 0301-2298 (print version), DOI: 10.1515/AFPUC-2015-0007 ACTA FACULTATIS PHARMACEUTICAE UNIVERSITATIS COMENIANAE Evaluation of content of phenolics in Salvia species cultivated in South Moravian Region Hodnotenie obsahu fenolov vo vybraných druhoch rodu Salvia L. pestovaných v Juhomoravskom kraji Original research article Muráriková A.1 , Kaffková K.1, Raab S.2, Neugebauerová J.1 1Mendel University in Brno, 1Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Zahradnická fakulta, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Ústav zelinářství a květinářství, Česká republika Growing and Floriculture, Czech Republic / 2Agricultural Research, Ltd. Troubsko, Czech Republic 2Zemědělský výzkum, spol. s r.o. Troubsko, Česká republika Received November 30, 2014, accepted January 30, 2015 Abstract In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and rosmarinic acid (RA) of 37 samples sage (Salvia L.) of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The amount of total phenols was analysed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagents. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mg.g−1 gallic acid equivalents of dried plant material. The values of the extracts displayed substantial differences. All of the investigated species exceptSalvia jurisicii (990.79 mg GAE. g−1 d.w.) exhibited higher content of phenolics. Among the studies, species demonstrated the highest content of phenol, followed in sequence by Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’, Salvia officinalis. TPC varied from 990.79 to 4459.88 mg GAE. g−1 d.w. in the extracts. The total amount of RA was between 0.88 and 8.04% among species. -
Palynological Evolutionary Trends Within the Tribe Mentheae with Special Emphasis on Subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae)
Plant Syst Evol (2008) 275:93–108 DOI 10.1007/s00606-008-0042-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Palynological evolutionary trends within the tribe Mentheae with special emphasis on subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae) Hye-Kyoung Moon Æ Stefan Vinckier Æ Erik Smets Æ Suzy Huysmans Received: 13 December 2007 / Accepted: 28 March 2008 / Published online: 10 September 2008 Ó Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract The pollen morphology of subtribe Menthinae Keywords Bireticulum Á Mentheae Á Menthinae Á sensu Harley et al. [In: The families and genera of vascular Nepetoideae Á Palynology Á Phylogeny Á plants VII. Flowering plantsÁdicotyledons: Lamiales (except Exine ornamentation Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin, pp 167–275, 2004] and two genera of uncertain subtribal affinities (Heterolamium and Melissa) are documented in Introduction order to complete our palynological overview of the tribe Mentheae. Menthinae pollen is small to medium in size The pollen morphology of Lamiaceae has proven to be (13–43 lm), oblate to prolate in shape and mostly hexacol- systematically valuable since Erdtman (1945) used the pate (sometimes pentacolpate). Perforate, microreticulate or number of nuclei and the aperture number to divide the bireticulate exine ornamentation types were observed. The family into two subfamilies (i.e. Lamioideae: bi-nucleate exine ornamentation of Menthinae is systematically highly and tricolpate pollen, Nepetoideae: tri-nucleate and hexa- informative particularly at generic level. The exine stratifi- colpate pollen). While the -
Salvia Mellifera Greene NRCS CODE: Family: Lamiaceae SAME3 Order: Lamiales Subclass: Asteridae Class: Magnoliopsida
SPECIES Salvia mellifera Greene NRCS CODE: Family: Lamiaceae SAME3 Order: Lamiales Subclass: Asteridae Class: Magnoliopsida seedling juvenile plant fruiting inflorescence with mature shrub, A. Montalvo , Riverside Co. flowers and inflorescences Subspecific taxa None. Two taxa previously recognized as part of S. mellifera have been elevated to species status (USDA Plants). S. munzii includes what was known as S. mellifera subsp. jonesii Abrams or S. m. var. jonesii Munz; and S. brandegeei Munz includes what was known as S. m. Greene ssp. revoluta (Brandegee) Abrams. Synonyms Audibertia stachyoides Benth., Audobertiella s. Briq. (noted in Munz & Keck 1968) Common name black sage (other names have been used less often such as California black sage and coastal black sage (JepsonOnline, Painter 2010)). There are currently 22 taxa of Salvia recognized in California (JepsonOnline) and about 900 species Taxonomic relationships recognized worldwide (JepsonOnline). Related taxa in region Salvia apiana Jeps., S. brandegeei Munz (in Channel Islands), S. munzii Epling (in San Diego Co. and Baja California), S. clevelandii (A. Gray) Greene (Los Angeles Co. s. into Baja California in s South Coast and s Peninsular Ranges of San Diego Co.), S. leucophylla Greene (coastal foothills from the Chino Hills of Orange Co. north to San Luis Obispo Co. and where it has been planted out of range in restoration projects such as in coastal San Diego Co.) Taxonomic issues None. Other The specific epithet “mellifera” means “honey producing” and refers to its use by nectar foraging bees. The widest ranging species of shrubby Salvia (Sawyer et al. 2009). GENERAL Map Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria represent 578 records with coordinate data out of 1112 records retrieved; data accessed 9/11/10. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
TERPENES and FLAVONOIDS from SALVIA APIANA and THEIR AFFINITIES to CANNABINOID and OPIOID RECEPTORS By: Taylor Hayes a Thesis Su
TERPENES AND FLAVONOIDS FROM SALVIA APIANA AND THEIR AFFINITIES TO CANNABINOID AND OPIOID RECEPTORS By: Taylor Hayes A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Oxford, MS May 2016 Approved by _________________________ Advisor: Dr. Samir A. Ross _________________________ Reader: Dr. Stephen J. Cutler _________________________ Reader: Dr. John M. Rimoldi © 2016 Taylor Josephine Hayes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first want to thank my advisor, Dr. Samir A. Ross, and Dr. Sri Vedavyasa Sri Radhakrishnan for their guidance and encouragement. I am very thankful for Dr. Ross allowing me to work with in his lab in order to complete this process. I am extremely thankful for Dr. Radhakrishnan for the countless hours he has devoted to teaching me about the process of research and scientific writing. I would not have been able to finish this project without their support. Thank you to Dr. Stephen J. Cutler and Dr. John M. Rimoldi for serving as readers for this thesis. It would not have been possible without their input and willingness to help out. All of this Research was made possible by the Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Grant Number P20GM104932 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) and the Center of Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience at the University of Mississippi. I would also like to thank the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College for giving me the opportunity and the push that I needed take on a thesis. Dr. John Samonds was very helpful in answering all of my questions and concerns through this process. -
Salvia Apiana Jepson NRCS CODE: Family: Lamiaceae Order: Lamiales in Fruit, Persistent SAAP2 Calyx, Sept
SPECIES Salvia apiana Jepson NRCS CODE: Family: Lamiaceae Order: Lamiales in fruit, persistent SAAP2 calyx, Sept. 2010 Subclass: Asteridae Class: Magnoliopsida 1st season seedlings, mid April 2009, western Riverside Co. flowers with exerted stigmas mature plants, A. Montalvo, Riverside Co. Subspecific taxa 1. SAAPA 1. S. apiana Jeps. var. apiana 2. SAAPC 2. S. apiana Jeps. var. compacta Munz [recognized by USDA PLANTS 2010] Synonyms 1. Audibertia polystachya Benth., Ramona polystachya Briq., Audibertiella polystachya Briq., Salvia (numbered as above) californica Jeps., but not the S. californica Brand. described by Brandegee (Epling 1938). Common name 1. white sage; also called bee sage (Keator 1994) (numbered as above) 2. compact white sage Salvia is a large genus of nearly 1000 species distributed over most continents. White sage belongs to section Audibertia which is restricted to the California Floristic Province and adjacent deserts (Walker & Sytsma 2007). The alignment of white sage with species traditionally classified in Salvia section Audibertia has been Taxonomic relationships supported by a combined analysis of DNA molecular data and stamen morphology (Walker & Sytsma 2007). Their data supported a monophyletic group of 20 species in Audibertia and that the most closely aligned group of species is in the subgenus Calosphace. Related taxa in region S. apiana overlaps with a number of other Salvia species in Section Audibertia in southern California, primarily the subshrubs: S. clevelandii (A. Gray) Greene, S. eremostachya Epling ex Munz, S. leucophylla Greene, S. mellifera Greene, S. munzii Epling, S. pachyphylla Epling, and S. vaseyi Parish; and the annual herbs S. columbariae Benth and S. caduacea Benth. -
Salvia Pratensis Occurs
Glossary links done & added to Big Glossary. IUCN table dSalviaone. pratensis Meadow clary, Clari’r maes LAMIACEAE SYN.: none Status: Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Status in Europe: Not threatened Countryside Act 1981 Red Data Book: Lower risk - Nationally 38 (20 native or possibly native) / 233 10-km Scarce squares post 1987 Contents Status:...............................................................................................................1 1 Morphology, Identification, Taxonomy & Genetics................................................2 1.1 Morphology & Identification ........................................................................2 1.2 Taxonomic considerations ..........................................................................2 1.3 Genetic studies .........................................................................................2 2 Distribution and current status .........................................................................3 2.1 World ......................................................................................................4 2.2 Europe ....................................................................................................4 2.3 United Kingdom ........................................................................................6 2.3.1. England......................................................................................... 11 2.3.2. Scotland........................................................................................ 12 2.3.3. Northern Ireland............................................................................ -
Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies DOI: 10.1515/environ-2015-0004 Environ. Socio.-econ. Stud., 2013, 1, 1: 22-30 © 2013 Copyright by University of Silesia ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Extinct and endangered species in the vascular plant flora of Strzelce Opolskie (Southern Poland) Łukasz Folcik1, Andrzej Urbisz1 1Department of Plant Systematics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska Str. 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland E–mail address (corresponding author): [email protected] ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Symptoms of anthropogenic changes in the vascular plant flora include the spread of some species groups and the extinction of others. Also habitat condition changes (eutrophication, pollution etc.) and biodiversity loss (at a regional, national and even continental scale) should be mentioned. Numerous papers with rare plant species localities and endangered habitats have been published but the extinction processes and scale of this phenomenon in urban areas where environmental conservation is crucial, are not often analysed. The aim of the present study is to estimate species loss in the vascular plant flora of the town Strzelce Opolskie (Chełm, Silesian Upland) on the basis of the floristic literature and botanical surveys carried out from 2011 to 2013. A comparison has been made between the list of species reported up to 1945 and those species currently occurring in the study area. As a result, a list of 99 species included in the red list of plants of Opole and Silesian voivodeships is presented. Among this group, 45 species are not confirmed after 1945. Numerous extinct and endangered species are from families: Orchidaceae (8 species), Cyperaceae (7 species), Ranunculaceae (7 species) and Lamiaceae (6 species). -
Floral Ecology of Oreocharis Acaulis (Gesneriaceae): an Exceptional Case Of
Flora 208 (2013) 58–67 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Flora j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/flora Floral ecology of Oreocharis acaulis (Gesneriaceae): An exceptional case of “preanthetic” protogyny combined with approach herkogamy a a,∗ b Yan-Feng Guo , Ying-Qiang Wang , Anton Weber a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China b University of Vienna, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, Department of Structural and Functional Botany, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Wien, Austria a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Protogyny is supposed to represent the ancestral form of dichogamy in the angiosperms, but is rare in Received 13 September 2012 advanced groups such as the Asteridae, in which protandry prevails by far. Here we report on an unusual Accepted 2 December 2012 form of protogyny combined with herkogamy in a Chinese species of Gesneriaceae (Asteridae–Lamiales): Available online 12 January 2013 Oreocharis acaulis (formerly Opithandra acaulis). This is characterized by a conspicuous protrusion of the style from the flower bud and the stigma becoming receptive before corolla opening (female-only stage; Keywords: preanthetic protogyny) and both sexes staying functional during anthesis (hermaphroditic stage), with Opithandra acaulis the stigma presented above the anther level (approach herkogamy). The plants studied were found to be Flower morphology Protogyny self-compatible, but autonomous self-pollination and apomixis were not observed. Successful pollination Herkogamy was found to depend fully on the presence of insect pollinators (Bombus sp.). -
Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. -
The Effect of Leaf Trichome Density on Stem Mechanical Strength in Salvia Leucophylla, S
Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Featured Research Undergraduate Student Research Fall 2012 The effect of leaf trichome density on stem mechanical strength in Salvia leucophylla, S. mellifera, and S. apiana Brieanna English Pepperdine University Jeff Scanlon Pepperdine University Anushree Mahajan Pepperdine University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/sturesearch Part of the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation English, Brieanna; Scanlon, Jeff; and Mahajan, Anushree, "The effect of leaf trichome density on stem mechanical strength in Salvia leucophylla, S. mellifera, and S. apiana" (2012). Pepperdine University, Featured Research. Paper 51. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/sturesearch/51 This Research Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Student Research at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Featured Research by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The effect of leaf trichome density on stem mechanical strength in Salvia leucophylla, S. mellifera, and S. apiana. Brieanna English, Jeff Scanlon, Anushree Mahajan Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263 Abstract Results Discussion Salvia species in southern California exhibit a variety of leaf trichome densies. S. An ANOVA test comparing NDVI of the three Salvia mellifera, S. leucophylla, and S. apiana were chosen as study organisms because species yielded P<0.0001, which is highly they exhibit varying trichome densies. A UniSpec was used to measure NDVI in significant. The ANOVA test comparing HI of the leaves and an Instron was used to measure stem mechanical strength.