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Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Selected Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants in Bani Matar District, Sana'a (Yemen) Anhar A

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Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Selected Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants in Bani Matar District, Sana'a (Yemen) Anhar A eISSN: 2357-044X Taeckholmia 38 (2018): 17-39 Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Selected Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants in Bani Matar District, Sana'a (Yemen) Anhar A. Ya’ni1, Soad A. Hassan2*, Zeinab A. Elwan2, Hassan .M. Ibrahim1& Omayma A. Eldahshan3 1Botany Section, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen. 2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 3Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Morphological and anatomical characters of stem, petiole and leaves of 16 selected medicinal taxa of family Lamiaceae collected from Bani Matar district, Sana'a (Yemen) were examined using both stereo-and light microscopes. The obtained macro-and micromorphological characters (298) were analysed using the software jmp version 13. The resulted dendrogram was discussed on the light of the current taxonomic treatments of Lamiaceae. The measurement of the quantitative characters of macro-and micromorphological characters for the studied taxa was established by multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Evaluation of obtained results revealed that, many characters viz. leaf composition, stomatal types and distribution, number of stamens, stem and petiole vasculature, types of trichomes, nutlet features, number of palisade and spongy layers and types of crystals are of diagnostic value in species identification and delimitation and are potentially valuable at different taxonomic levels. All the quantitative macro- and micromorphological characters except nutlet length are highly significant in species delimitation. Key words: Anatomy, ANOVA, cluster analysis, Lamiaceae, medicinal plants, morphology, Yemen. Introduction Lamiaceae is the sixth largest et al.,2008; Kahraman et al., 2009; Celep et angiosperm family with about 236 genera and al., 2011 & Kiliç, 2014). 7173 species distributed throughout the world The anatomical characters of vegetative in both temperate and tropical regions; its main organs are important for characterization of distribution is in the Mediterranean (Harley et Lamiaceae taxa (Metcalfe & Chalk, 1950; al., 2004 & Singh, 2010). Abu-Asab & Cantino, 1987; Kahraman et al., In Yemen, Lamiaceae is one of the most 2009, 2010). The glandular hairs and their important families due to use in folk medicine distribution (Werker, 2006), stomatal and for the commercial production of essential distribution and other anatomical features oils. It includes 23 endemic species, (AL- provide significant taxonomic information Khulaidi, 2013). (Dinç & Öztürk., 2008; Celep et al., 2011 and Venkateshappa & Sreenath, 2013). In addition, The members of Lamiaceae are these features play an important role in generally aromatic, including a number of elucidating phylogenetic relationships in many widely used culinary herbs, such as basil, taxa (Pandey & Misra, 2014). lavender, marjoram, mint, oregano, rosemary, sage, savory and thyme (Wink, 2003; Celiktas The aim of the present work is to et al., 2007, Hussain et al., 2008). investigate the different morphological and anatomical features of the taxa under study in Traditionally, plant taxonomy has Bani Matar district Sana'a (Yemen) and depended mainly upon comparative evaluate them in taxa identification and morphological features because the help in delimitation. taxa delimitation and identification (Pandey & Misra 2014). Many publications pointed out Material and Methods: on the importance of morphological characters 1. Plant Materials in delimitation and identification in some Sixteen selected medicinal Lamiaceae Lamiaceae species ( Satil et al., 2007; Baran taxa belonging to 13 genera were collected Received on 29/04/2018 and accepted on 09/06/2018 Morphological and Anatomical Studies from their natural habitats except two species 5. Macro - and Micromorphological from cultivated fields in Bani Mater district, Measurements Sana’a Governorate, Yemen; during their Measurements of ten quantitative flowering and fruiting seasons 2014-2016. macromorphological characters for the studied Table (1) represents the data of taxa viz. stem length, leaf length & width, collection. The identification of the specimens calyx, corolla, stamen, bract and seed were was achieved by utilizing the available taken. Also, the micromorphological taxonomic and floristic literature (Wood 1997; measurements (viz. thickness of cuticle, Chaudhary 2001; Boulos 2002; Ibrahim 2013). epidermal cells size (length x width), cortex, Nomenclature of taxa followed IPNI. The secondary phloem and xylem, pith width, specimens are kept in Herbarium of Botany palisade and spongy cells were determined by Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams the ocular micrometer. University and Biology Department, Faculty 6. Statistical Analysis of Science, Sana'a University. The obtained macro- and 2. Macromorphological Investigation micromorphological data were used to The macromorphological characters of construct a data matrix for numerical analysis. the studied taxa; stem, leaf, inflorescence, The presence or absence of the obtained flower and fruit were described from the living characters was coded as 1 and 0 respectively to specimens and photographed by using digital determine the relationship between the Sony camera (HRD- CX 700 -12.3 Mega different studied taxa using the software jmp pixels). version 13 for Sas Institute Inc (2017) through hierarchical cluster method average linkage 3. Micromorphological Investigation modules (Sokal & Michener, 1958). For each Cross sections of the stem, petiole and of the quantitative measurements, the lamina were made using the embedding significant differences between the taxa paraffin wax technique (Johanson, 1940). The studied was established by multivariate sections were examined using Bel. BIO3 T-PL analyses of variances (ANOVA). light microscope and photographs were taken by digital camera power =shot G12, 10 Mega Results and Discussion pixels. 1. Qualitative macromorphological 4. Lamina Epidermal Characters characters For leaf epidermal study, at least five Macromorphological characters and leaves were cut at the median portion and their states of all studied taxa were summarized soaked in concentrated Nitric acid for two - ten in (Table 2 & Plate 1-3). The most diagnostic hrs. The appearance of air bubbles indicated characters are: the habit; shrub in Meriandra the readiness of epidermises to be separated. dianthera, undershrub in the three Lavandula The samples were transferred to Petri dishes spp. and Otostegia fruticosa or herb in the containing water and with the use of fine remaining examined taxa. All taxa studied are forceps and dissecting needle the adaxial and aromatic except Lavandula coronopifolia and the abaxial epidermises were separated Marrubium vulgare. This result agreed with (Ibrahim & Ayodele, 2013). The two that of Harley et al., (2004); Chaudhary, epidermal layers (Adaxial & Abaxial) were (2001); Wood, (1997). stripped and stained with Saffranin and All studied taxa are erect except Thymus mounted in glycerin (Sreelakshmi et al., serpyllum is procumbent. The stem is 2014). Photomicrographs were taken using semicircular in Leucas inflata and Thymus light microscope and camera (Canon power- serpyllum, circular in Meriandra dianthera, shot G12, 10 mega pixels), the magnification Otostegia fruticosa, Teucrium yemense and power was expressed by (X). Terminology of squared in all other taxa. The leaves are simple epidermal characteristics based on Dilcher in all studied taxa except, Lavandula spp. are (1974). pinnatisect. Leaves petiolate in seven taxa 18 Anhar A. Ya’ni et al. while sessile-subsessile in the remaining nine It was clear that some macromorphological taxa. Other leaf morphological features viz., characters viz. lamina shape, flower position arrangement, shape, margin, apex, base, and number, corolla color and stamen number texture presented variations between taxa and are taxonomically significant for Lamiaceae useful at the interspecific relationships. taxa identification and delimitation. This result In most of the studied taxa, the position is in accordance with that of Wood (1997); and the number of flowers per inflorescence Chaudhary (2001); Kahraman et al., (2009) varied. In addition, the corolla color shows and Ibrahim, (2013). great variations among studied taxa. The The areole is present, in Lavandula corolla is four lobed in Mentha longifolia, coronopifolia, L. pubescens and Nepeta bilobed in 13 taxa while bilobed densely deflersiana and absent in the remaining taxa. villous in Leucas inflata and Otostegia fruticosa. Bract was present in all studied taxa The nutlets showed different shapes, color and except Leucas inflata and Mentha longifolia size between the studied taxa. The taxonomic while bracteoles are absent in all studied taxa value of nutlet characteristics of Lamiaceae as except five. Calyx had different shapes and diagnostic character had been discussed by with teeth in all studied taxa expect Otostegia many authors (Husain et al., 1990; Hussein, fruticosa and Origanum majorana. The basic 1995; Marin et al., 1998; Moon et al., 2009; number of stamens is four, but in Salvia Salimpour et al., 2014; Hassan & AL-Thobaiti, schimperi and Meriandra dianthera being two. 2015 and Badamtsetseg, 2016). Plate 1 (Figs. 1-6): Whole plants of some studied taxa. 19 Morphological and Anatomical Studies Table (1). Vernacular name, localities and collection data of the studied taxa Longitude Latitude Vernacular
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