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SLOVENSKÁ PO ĽNOHOSPODÁRSKA UNIVERZITA V NITRE FAKULTA ZÁHRADNÍCTVA A KRAJINNÉHO INŽINIERSTVA MIKROPROPAGÁCIA IBIŠTEKA BAHENNÉHO ( HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS L. ) Diplomová práca Študijný program: záhradníctvo Študijný odbor: 6.1.10 záhradníctvo Školiace pracovisko: Katedra biotechniky parkových a krajinných úprav Školite ľ: Ing. Milan Knoll, PhD. Konzultant: prof. Ing. Anna Jakábová, CSc. a Ing. Helena Lichtnerová Nitra 2010 Bc. Silvia Bírová Čestné vyhlásenie Podpísaná Silvia Bírová vyhlasujem, že som diplomovú prácu na tému Mikropropagácia ibišteka bahenného ( Hibiscus moscheutos L.) vypracovala samostatne s použitím uvedenej literatúry. Som si vedomá zákonných dôsledkov v prípade, ak hore uvedené údaje nie sú pravdivé. V Nitre 11.mája 2010 Silvia Bírová Po ďakovanie Touto cestou by som chcela po ďakova ť vedúcemu diplomovej práce Ing. Milanovi Knollovi, PhD., prof. Ing. Anne Jakábovej, CSc. a Ing. Helene Lichtnerovej za ú činnú pomoc, cenné rady a pripomienky pri spracovaní diplomovej práce. Abstrakt V našej diplomovej práci sme sa zaoberali množite ľskými metódami druhu Hibiscus moscheutos L., ktorý sa v sú časnosti na slovenskom trhu prezentuje ako ve ľmi atraktívna okrasná rastlina. Sortiment ponúkaných kultivarov vzrástol oproti minulému roku nieko ľkonásobne. Už na prvý poh ľad neprehliadnute ľné rastliny s ve ľkými atraktívnymi kvetmi sa tešia ve ľkej popularite. Svojou nenáro čnos ťou a krásou si získali množstvo priaznivcov a obdivovate ľov. Nespornou výhodou ibišteka bahenného sú možnosti jeho pestovania a uplatnenia, jednou z možností je pestovanie ako nádobovej rastliny. V našich klimatických podmienkach nemá problém s prezimovaním, za rešpektovania upravených podmienok na pestovate ľskom stanovišti. Našim cieľom bolo sústredi ť sa na možnosti rozmnožovania, predovšetkým však na rozmnožovanie vegetatívnou cestou v podmienkach in vitro. Vzh ľadom k tomu, že ibištek bahenný vytvára v našich podmienkach semená len ve ľmi zriedkavo a navyše potomstvo dopestované generatívnou cestou je zna čne variabilné, množenie mikropropagáciou pomocou priamej indukcie a vývinu adventívnych pú čikov a výhonov sa javí ako ve ľmi perspektívne. V predkladanej diplomovej práci sme riešili otázku rozmnožovania práve touto cestou. V práci sme sústredili pozornos ť na stanovenie vhodného odberu rastlinného materiálu ako aj na zistenie správnej doby sterilizácie a zloženie jednotlivých kultiva čných médií. Ako primárne explantáty sme zvolili rastové vrcholy a nodusy. Takmer všetky kultivary ibišteka bahenného ponúkané na slovenskom trhu sú dovážané zo zahrani čia, a práve preto sme sa rozhodli spracova ť danú tému a sprostredkova ť informácie týkajúce sa nielen pestovania, ale aj samotného rozmnožovania tejto zaujímavej okrasnej rastliny. Kľúčové slová: Hibiscus moscheutos L., množenie, mikropropagácia Abstract In our thesis, we have dealt with the propagation methods of the genus Hibiscus moscheutos L., which is nowadays a very attractive decorative plant on the Slovak market. The range of cultivars offered has multiplied when compared to the last year. These highly visible plants with big, attractive flowers are very popular. With their undemanding nature and beauty, they have gained lots of fans and admirers. A true advantage of the Hibiscus moscheutos L. are the possibilities of its cultivation, one of the possibilities mentioned is its cultivation in containers. In our climate, the plant hibernates well in winter season, providing that specific on-site conditions are met. Our goal was to focus upon the possibilities of propagation, specifically upon the vegetative propagation in vitro. Due to the fact that Hibiscus moscheutos L. only rarely delivers seeds in our conditions, and moreover, the plants propagated generatively is highly variable; micropropagation by means of direct induction and development of adventive buds and outgrowth appears to be very perspective. In the submitted thesis, we were tackling the questions of this particular kind of propagation. The focus lies on determining the appropriated method of collection of plant material, as well as on determining the appropriate time for sterilization and composition of the individual cultivating media. For the primary explantates, we have chosen the growth peaks and nodi. Almost all cultivars of Hibiscus moscheutos L. offered on the Slovak market are being imported from abroad, and that is why we have decided to elaborate on this topic and to mediate information regarding not only the growing but also the propagation of this interesting decorative plant itself. Keywords: Hibiscus moscheutos L. , propagation, micropropagation Obsah Zoznam skratiek a zna čiek............................................................................................. 8 Úvod ................................................................................................................................. 9 1 Sú časný stav riešenej problematiky doma a v zahrani čí..................................... 10 1.1 Taxonomické zatriedenie rodu Hibiscus L.......................................................... 10 1.2 Charakteristika rodu Hibiscus L.......................................................................... 10 1.3 História pestovania rodu Hibiscus L. ................................................................. 10 1.4 Najznámejšie druhy rodu Hibiscus L. ................................................................. 12 1.5 Uplatnenie jednotlivých druhov rodu Hibiscus L. .............................................. 19 1.6 Druh Hibiscus moscheutos L............................................................................... 20 1.6.1 História pestovania a š ľachtenie.................................................................. 21 1.6.2 Opis ............................................................................................................. 21 1.6.3 Rozšírenie .................................................................................................... 26 1.6.4 Možnosti využitia......................................................................................... 28 1.6.5 Spôsob pestovania........................................................................................ 30 1.6.6 Biológia a rozmnožovanie ........................................................................... 32 1.6.6.1 Vegetatívne rozmnožovanie ................................................................. 32 1.6.6.2 Generatívne rozmnožovanie................................................................. 33 1.7 Explantátové kultúry ........................................................................................... 33 1.7.1 História explantátových kultúr..................................................................... 33 1.7.2 Význam explantátového množenia.............................................................. 35 1.7.3 Mikropropagácia.......................................................................................... 35 1.7.4 Metódy mikropropagácie............................................................................. 36 1.7.5 Štádiá mikropropagácie ............................................................................... 37 1.7.6 Príprava a sterilizácia................................................................................... 38 1.7.7 Podmienky kultivácie.................................................................................. 39 1.7.7.1 Chemické podmienky kultivácie-kultiva čné médium ......................... 40 1.7.7.2 Fyzikálne podmienky kultivácie......................................................... 46 1.8 Charakteristika našich podmienok ...................................................................... 48 2 Cie ľ práce................................................................................................................. 51 3 Metodika práce a metódy skúmania ..................................................................... 52 3.1 Charakteristika rastlinného materiálu.................................................................. 52 3.2 Mikropropagácia.................................................................................................. 53 3.3 Príprava a sterilizácia .......................................................................................... 53 3.3.1 Príprava a sterilizácia kultiva čného média .................................................. 53 3.3.2 Príprava a sterilizácia rastlinného materiálu................................................ 54 3.4 Kultiva čné médiá................................................................................................. 56 3.5 Podmienky kultivácie .......................................................................................... 56 3.6 Varianty pokusu................................................................................................... 57 3.6.1 Termíny odberu rastlinného materiálu......................................................... 57 3.6.2 Dĺžka sterilizácie rastlinného mateiálu ........................................................ 57 3.6.3 Varianty kultiva čného média ....................................................................... 57 3.7 Spôsob hodnotenia............................................................................................... 57 3.8 Použité štatistické metódy ................................................................................... 57 4 Výsledky..................................................................................................................
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  • <I>MELOIDOGYNE</I> SPP. INFECTING ORNAMENTAL

    <I>MELOIDOGYNE</I> SPP. INFECTING ORNAMENTAL

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Plant Pathology Plant Pathology Department 2010 MELOIDOGYNE SPP. INFECTING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN FLORIDA J. A. Brito Division of Plant Industry, [email protected] R. Kaur University of Florida R. Cetintas Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University J. D. Stanley Division of Plant Industry M. L. Mendes University of Florida See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers Part of the Other Plant Sciences Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Brito, J. A.; Kaur, R.; Cetintas, R.; Stanley, J. D.; Mendes, M. L.; Powers, Thomas O.; and Dickson, D. W., "MELOIDOGYNE SPP. INFECTING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN FLORIDA" (2010). Papers in Plant Pathology. 441. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers/441 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant Pathology Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Plant Pathology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors J. A. Brito, R. Kaur, R. Cetintas, J. D. Stanley, M. L. Mendes, Thomas O. Powers, and D. W. Dickson This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers/441 MELOIDOGYNE SPP. INFECTING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN FLORIDA J. A. Brito1*, R. Kaur2, R. Cetintas3, J. D. Stanley1, M. L. Mendes2, T. O. Powers4, and D. W. Dickson2 1Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32614, USA; 2Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; 3Department of Plant Protection, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, 46060, Turkey; 4Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.