DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Techniques in Animal Ecology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Techniques in Animal Ecology Research Techniques in Animal Ecology Methods and Cases in Conservation Science Mary C. Pearl, Editor Methods and Cases in Conservation Science Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon Thomas K. Rudel and Bruce Horowitz Bison: Mating and Conservation in Small Populations Joel Berger and Carol Cunningham, Population Management for Survival and Recovery: Analytical Methods and Strategies in Small Population Conservation Jonathan D. Ballou, Michael Gilpin, and Thomas J. Foose, Conserving Wildlife: International Education and Communication Approaches Susan K. Jacobson Remote Sensing Imagery for Natural Resources Management: A First Time User’s Guide David S. Wilkie and John T. Finn At the End of the Rainbow? Gold, Land, and People in the Brazilian Amazon Gordon MacMillan Perspectives in Biological Diversity Series Conserving Natural Value Holmes Rolston III Series Editor, Mary C. Pearl Series Advisers, Christine Padoch and Douglas Daly Research Techniques in Animal Ecology Controversies and Consequences Luigi Boitani and Todd K. Fuller Editors C COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 2000 by Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Research techniques in animal ecology : controversies and consequences / Luigi Boitani and Todd K. Fuller, editors. p. cm. — (Methods and cases in conservation science) Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0–231–11340–4 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 0–231–11341–2 (paper : alk. paper) 1. Animal ecology—Research—Methodology. I. Boitani, Luigi. II. Fuller, T. K. III. Series. QH541.2.R47 2000 591.7′07′2—dc21 99–052230 ϱ Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Stefania and Caterina and Susan and Mollie for their patience, love, and support Contents authors xv list of illustrations xix list of tables xxiii preface xxv Chapter 1: Hypothesis Testing in Ecology Charles J. Krebs 1 Some Definitions 1 What Is a Hypothesis? 3 Hypotheses and Models 4 Hypotheses and Paradigms 6 Statistical Hypotheses 8 Hypotheses and Prediction 10 Acknowledgments 12 Literature Cited 12 Chapter 2: A Critical Review of the Effects of Marking on the Biology of Vertebrates Dennis L. Murray and Mark R. Fuller 15 Review of the Literature 16 Which Markers to Use? 17 Effects of Markers Among Taxa 17 Critique of Marker Evaluation Studies 35 Review of Current Guidance Available for Choosing Markers 37 Critique of Guidelines Available for Choosing Markers 39 viii CONTENTS Survey of Recent Ecological Studies 40 Future Approaches 42 Study Protocols and Technological Advances 43 Marker Evaluation Studies 44 Acknowledgments 46 Literature Cited 46 Chapter 3: Animal Home Ranges and Territories and Home Range Estimators Roger A. Powell 65 Definition of Home Range 65 Territories 70 Estimating Animals’ Home Ranges 74 Utility Distributions 75 Grids 77 Minimum Convex Polygon 79 Circle and Ellipse Approaches 80 Fourier Series 80 Harmonic Mean Distribution 81 Fractal Estimators 82 Kernel Estimators 86 Home Range Core 91 Quantifying Home Range Overlap and Territoriality 94 Static Interactions 95 Dynamic Interactions 97 Testing for Territoriality 98 Lessons 100 Acknowledgments 103 Literature Cited 103 Chapter 4: Delusions in Habitat Evaluation: Measuring Use, Selection, and Importance David L. Garshelis 111 Terminology 112 Methods for Evaluating Habitat Selection, Preference, and Quality 114 Use–Availability Design 114 Site Attribute Design 117 Demographic Response Design 118 Problems with Use–Availability and Site Attribute Designs 118 CONTENTS ix Defining Habitats 118 Measuring Habitat Use 120 Measuring Habitat Availability 122 Assessing Habitat Selection: Fatal Flaw 1 127 Inferring Habitat Quality: Fatal Flaw 2 139 Advantages and Problems of the Demographic Response Design 144 Applications and Recommendations 147 Acknowledgments 153 Literature Cited 153 Chapter 5: Investigating Food Habits of Terrestrial Vertebrates John A. Litvaitis 165 Conventional Approaches and Their Limitations 166 Direct Observation 166 Lead Animals 167 Feeding Site Surveys 167 Exclosures 170 Postingestion Samples 170 Evaluating the Importance of Specific Foods and Prey 175 Use, Selection, or Preference? 175 Availability Versus Abundance 175 Cafeteria Experiments 176 Innovations 176 Improvements on Lead Animal Studies 176 Use of Isotope Ratios 177 Experimental Manipulations 177 The Role of Foraging Theory in Understanding Food Habits 179 Lessons 181 Sample Resolution and Information Obtained 181 Improving Sample Resolution and Information Content 182 Literature Cited 183 Chapter 6: Detecting Stability and Causes of Change in Population Density Joseph S. Elkinton 191 Detection of Density Dependence 193 Analysis of Time Series of Density 193 Analysis of Data on Mortality or Survival 196 Detection of Delayed Density Dependence 199 x CONTENTS Detection of Causes of Population Change 201 Key Factor Analysis 201 Experimental Manipulation 205 Conclusions 208 Literature Cited 209 Chapter 7: Monitoring Populations James P. Gibbs 213 Index–Abundance Relationships 214 Types of Indices 214 Index–Abundance Functions 215 Variability of Index–Abundance Functions 217 Improving Index Surveys 220 Spatial Aspects of Measuring Changes in Indices 221 Monitoring Indices Over Time 222 Power Estimation for Monitoring Programs 223 Variability of Indices of Animal Abundance 224 Sampling Requirements for Robust Monitoring Programs 227 Setting Objectives for a Monitoring Program 228 Conclusions 229 Acknowledgments 232 Appendix 7.1 233 Literature Cited 247 Chapter 8: Modeling Predator–Prey Dynamics Mark S. Boyce 253 Modeling Approaches for Predator–Prey Systems 254 Noninteractive Models 255 True Predator–Prey Models 260 Stochastic Models 269 Autoregressive Models 270 Fitting the Model to Data 273 Bayesian Statistics 273 Best Guess Followed by Adaptive Management 273 Choosing a Good Model 275 How Much Detail? 275 Model Validation 277 Recommendations 279 Remember the Audience 279 CONTENTS xi Conclusion 281 Acknowledgments 281 Literature Cited 282 Chapter 9: Population Viability Analysis: Data Requirements and Essential Analyses Gary C. White 288 Qualitative Observations About Population Persistence 290 Generalities 290 Contradictions 292 Sources of Variation Affecting Population Persistence 293 No Variation 293 Stochastic Variation 293 Demographic Variation 295 Temporal Variation 297 Spatial Variation 300 Individual Variation 300 Process Variation 303 Components of a PVA 303 Direct Estimation of Variance Components 305 Indirect Estimation of Variance Components 312 Bootstrap Approach 313 Basic Population Model and Density Dependence 314 Incorporation of Parameter Uncertainty into Persistence Estimates 319 Discussion 322 Conclusion 325 Literature Cited 327 Chapter 10: Measuring the Dynamics of Mammalian Societies: An Ecologist’s Guide to Ethological Methods David W. Macdonald, Paul D. Stewart, Pavel Stopka, and Nobuyuki Yamaguchi 332 Social Dynamics 332 Context 334 Why Study Social Dynamics? 335 Evolution of Sociality 335 Conservation Applications 335 Understanding Ourselves 336 How to Describe Social Dynamics 337 xii CONTENTS Action, Interaction, and Relationships 337 Social Networks 338 Social Structure, from Surface to Deep 339 Behavioral Parameters 340 The Bout 340 Stationarity 343 The Ethogram 343 Beware Teleology 345 Classifications of Behavioral Interactions 347 Methods for Behavioral Measurement 362 Identifying the Individual 362 Sampling and Recording Rules 364 Ad Libitum Sampling 365 Focal Sampling 365 Time Sampling 366 Techniques for Behavioral Measurement 368 Analysis of Observational Data 369 Statistical Rationality 370 Matrix Facilities: Analyzing Sequential Data 371 Lag Sequential and Nested Analysis 374 Searching for a Behavioral Pattern (Markov Chain) 375 Predictability of Behavior 376 Sequences Through the Mist 378 Acknowledgments 380 Literature Cited 380 Chapter 11: Modeling Species Distribution with GIS Fabio Corsi, Jan de Leeuw, and Andrew K. Skidmore 389 Terminology 391 Habitat Definitions and Use 392 General Structure of GIS-Based Models 396 Literature Review 401 Modeling Issues 403 Clear Objectives 403 Assumptions 405 Spatial and Temporal Scale 408 Data Availability 412 Validation and Accuracy Assessment 413 CONTENTS xiii Discussion 422 Conclusions 424 Acknowledgments 425 Notes 425 Literature Cited 426 index 435 Authors Luigi Boitani Dipartimento Biologia Animale dell’Uomo Università di Roma “La Sapienza” Viale Università 32 00185 Rome, Italy Mark S. Boyce Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada Fabio Corsi Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) Via L. Spallanzani 32 00161 Rome, Italy Joseph S. Elkinton Department of Entomology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA xvi AUTHORS Mark R. Fuller USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Snake River Field Station and Boise State University 970 Lusk Street Boise, ID 83706, USA Todd K. Fuller Department of Natural Resources Conservation and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003-4210, USA David L. Garshelis Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 1201 E. Highway 2 Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA James P. Gibbs State University
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS ROMANIA January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/28E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Romania. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). Overview of forest pests - Romania TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests and diseases................................................................................................. 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna Lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis" 150 Years Later: Changes and Additions
    ©Ges. zur Förderung d. Erforschung von Insektenwanderungen e.V. München, download unter www.zobodat.at Atalanta (August 2000) 31 (1/2):327-367< Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 "Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis" 150 years later: changes and additions. Part 5. Noctuidae (Insecto, Lepidoptera) by Vasily V. A n ik in , Sergey A. Sachkov , Va d im V. Z o lo t u h in & A n drey V. Sv ir id o v received 24.II.2000 Summary: 630 species of the Noctuidae are listed for the modern Volgo-Ural fauna. 2 species [Mesapamea hedeni Graeser and Amphidrina amurensis Staudinger ) are noted from Europe for the first time and one more— Nycteola siculana Fuchs —from Russia. 3 species ( Catocala optata Godart , Helicoverpa obsoleta Fabricius , Pseudohadena minuta Pungeler ) are deleted from the list. Supposedly they were either erroneously determinated or incorrect noted from the region under consideration since Eversmann 's work. 289 species are recorded from the re­ gion in addition to Eversmann 's list. This paper is the fifth in a series of publications1 dealing with the composition of the pres­ ent-day fauna of noctuid-moths in the Middle Volga and the south-western Cisurals. This re­ gion comprises the administrative divisions of the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov, Samara, Uljanovsk, Orenburg, Uralsk and Atyraus (= Gurjev) Districts, together with Tataria and Bash­ kiria. As was accepted in the first part of this series, only material reliably labelled, and cover­ ing the last 20 years was used for this study. The main collections are those of the authors: V. A n i k i n (Saratov and Volgograd Districts), S.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedingsof the 2Nd Palawan Research Symposium 2015 I
    Proceedingsof the 2nd Palawan Research Symposium 2015 i Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development nd Proceedings of the 2 Palawan Research Symposium 2015 National Research Forum on Palawan Sustainable Development 9-10 December 2015 Puerto Princesa City, Philippines Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced for individual use, even without permission, provided that this source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for sale or other commercial purposes is however prohibited without the written consent of the publisher. Electronic copy is also available in www.pcsd.gov.ph and www.pkp.pcsd.gov.ph. Editorial Board: Director Josephine S. Matulac, Planning Director, PCSDS Engr. Madrono P.Cabrestante Jr, Knowledge Management Division Head, PCSDS Prof. Mildred P. Palon, Research Director, HTU Dr. Patrick A. Regoniel, Research Director, PSU Dr. Benjamin J. Gonzales, Vice President for Research, Development & Extension, WPU Exec. Dir. Nelson P. Devanadera, Executive Director, PCSDS Editorial Staff: Celso Quiling Bernard F. Mendoza Lyn S. Valdez Jenevieve P. Hara Published by: Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff-ECAN Knowledge Management PCSD Building, Sports Complex Road, Brgy. Sta. Monica,Puerto Princesa City Palawan, Philippines Tel. No. +63 48 434-4235, Telefax: +63 48 434-4234 www.pkp.pcsd.gov.ph Philippine Copyright ©2016 by PCSDS Palawan, Philippines ISBN: ___________ Suggested Citation: Matulac, J.L.S, M.P. Cabrestante, M.P. Palon, P.A. Regoniel, B.J. Gonzales, and N.P. Devanadera. Eds. 2016. Proceedings of the 2nd Palawan Research Symposium 2015. National Research Forum on Palawan Sustainable Development, “Science, Technology & Innovation. Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. Proceedingsof the 2nd Palawan Research Symposium 2015 ii Acknowledgement The PCSDS and the symposium-workshop collaborators would like to acknowledge the following: For serving as secretariat, documenters, and facilitating the symposium, concurrent sessions and workshops: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Biology of the Genus Rattus: Profile of an Archetypal Rodent Pest
    Bromadiolone resistance does not respond to absence of anticoagulants in experimental populations of Norway rats. Heiberg, A.C.; Leirs, H.; Siegismund, Hans Redlef Published in: <em>Rats, Mice and People: Rodent Biology and Management</em> Publication date: 2003 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Heiberg, A. C., Leirs, H., & Siegismund, H. R. (2003). Bromadiolone resistance does not respond to absence of anticoagulants in experimental populations of Norway rats. In G. R. Singleton, L. A. Hinds, C. J. Krebs, & D. M. Spratt (Eds.), Rats, Mice and People: Rodent Biology and Management (Vol. 96, pp. 461-464). Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 SYMPOSIUM 7: MANAGEMENT—URBAN RODENTS AND RODENTICIDE RESISTANCE This file forms part of ACIAR Monograph 96, Rats, mice and people: rodent biology and management. The other parts of Monograph 96 can be downloaded from <www.aciar.gov.au>. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 2003 Grant R. Singleton, Lyn A. Hinds, Charles J. Krebs and Dave M. Spratt, 2003. Rats, mice and people: rodent biology and management. ACIAR Monograph No. 96, 564p. ISBN 1 86320 357 5 [electronic version] ISSN 1447-090X [electronic version] Technical editing and production by Clarus Design, Canberra 431 Ecological perspectives on the management of commensal rodents David P. Cowan, Roger J. Quy* and Mark S. Lambert Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UNITED KINGDOM *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract. The need to control Norway rats in the United Kingdom has led to heavy reliance on rodenticides, particu- larly because alternative methods do not reduce rat numbers as quickly or as efficiently.
    [Show full text]
  • St Julians Park Species List, 1984 – 2003
    St Julians Park Species List, 1984 – 2003 Fungi Species Common Name Date recorded Scleroderma citrinum Common Earth Ball 19/09/99 Amillaria mellea Honey Fungus 19/09/99 Hypholoma sublateridium Brick Caps 19/09/99 Piptoporus belulinus Birch Polypore 19/09/99 Lycoperdon perlatum Common Puffball 19/09/99 Coriolus versicolor Many-Zoned Polypore 19/09/99 Boletus erythropus - 19/09/99 Lactarius quietus Oak/Oily Milk Cap 19/09/99 Russula cyanoxantha The Charcoal Burner 19/09/99 Amanita muscaria Fly Agaric 19/09/99 Laccaria laccata Deceiver 19/09/99 Lepidoptera Species Common Name Date recorded Melanargia galathea Marbled White 1992/3 Venessa cardui Painted Lady 1992/3 Thymelicus sylvestris Small Skipper 1992/3, 06/06/98 Ochlodes venata Large Skipper 1992/3, 06/06/98 Pararge aegeria Speckled Wood 1992/3, 06/06/98 Venessa atalanta Red Admiral 1992/3 Aglais urticae Small Tortoiseshell 1992/3 Polyommatus icarus Common Blue 1992/3, 06/06/98 Pyronia tithonus Gamekeeper 1992/3 Maniola jurtina Meadow Brown 1992/3, 06/06/98 Aphantopus hyperantus Ringlet 1992/3, 06/06/98 Inachis 10 Peacock 1992/3, 23/03/00 Polygonia C-album Comma 1992/3, 23/03/00 Anthocaris cardamines Orange Tip 1992/3 Noctua pronuba Large Yellow Underwing 06/06/98 Pieris brassicae Large White 06/06/98 Zygaena trifolii 5 Spot Burnet 06/06/98 Diboba caeruleocephala Figure of Eight 22/10/99 Xanthia aurago Barred Sallow 22/10/99 Chloroclysta truncate Common Marbled Carpet 22/10/99 Epirrata dilutata November Moth 22/10/99 Epirrata chrysti Pale November Moth 22/10/99, 07/11/99 Chloroclysta
    [Show full text]
  • Moths of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge
    MOTHS OF UMATILLA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE: Results from 10 sites Sampled May 22-23, 2017 Dana Ross 1005 NW 30th Street Corvallis, OR 97330 (541) 758-3006 [email protected] SUMMARY Macro-moths were sampled from the Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge for a third time 22-23 May, 2017 as part of an ongoing pollinator inventory. Blacklight traps were deployed for a single night at ten sites representative of major plant communities in the McCormack and Paterson Units. A grand total of 331 specimens and 36 moth species were sampled. Of those, 17 species (47%) were documented from the refuge for the first time. In a somewhat larger geographical context, 21 species were recorded for the first (8), second (7) or third (6) time from Morrow County, Oregon while 4 species were documented for the first (1) or second (3) time from Benton County, Washington. INTRODUCTION National Wildlife Refuges protect important habitats for many plant and animal species. Refuge inventories have frequently included plants, birds and mammals, but insects - arguably the most abundant and species-rich group in any terrestrial habitat - have largely been ignored. Small size, high species richness and a lack of identification resources have all likely contributed to their being overlooked. Certain groups such as moths, however, can be easily and inexpensively sampled using light traps and can be identified by regional moth taxonomists. Once identified, many moth species can be tied to known larval hostplant species at a given site, placing both insect and plant within a larger ecological context. Moths along with butterflies belong to the insect Order Lepidoptera.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Ecological Appraisal Slyne-With-Hest, Lancaster
    LANCASTER SITE ALLOCATION – SLYNE-WITH-HEST PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL APPRAISAL SLYNE-WITH-HEST, LANCASTER Provided for: Lancaster City Council Date: February 2016 Provided by: The Greater Manchester Ecology Unit Clarence Arcade Stamford Street Ashton-under-Lyne Tameside OL6 7PT Tel: 0161 342 4409 LSA – 4 FEBRUARY 2016 LANCASTER SITE ALLOCATION - SLYNE-WITH-HEST QUALITY ASSURANCE Author Suzanne Waymont CIEEM Checked By Stephen Atkins Approved By Derek Richardson Version 1.0 Draft for Comment Reference LSA - 4 The survey was carried out in accordance with the Phase 1 habitat assessment methods (JNCC 2010) and Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal (CIEEM 2013). All works associated with this report have been undertaken in accordance with the Code of Professional Conduct for the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management. (www.cieem.org.uk) LSA – 4 FEBRUARY 2016 LANCASTER SITE ALLOCATION - SLYNE-WITH-HEST CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 SURVEY BRIEF 1.2 SITE LOCATION & PROPOSAL 1.3 PERSONNEL 2 LEGISLATION AND POLICY 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 DESK STUDY 3.2 FIELD SURVEY 3.3 SURVEY LIMITATIONS 4 BASELINE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 4.1 DESKTOP SEARCH 4.2 SURVEY RESULTS 5 ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS – IMPLICATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 6 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES APPENDIX 1 – DATA SEARCH RESULTS APPENDIX 2 – DESIGNATED SITES APPENDIX 3 – BIOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITES LSA – 4 FEBRUARY 2016 LANCASTER SITE ALLOCATION - SLYNE-WITH-HEST SUMMARY • A Preliminary Ecological Appraisal was commissioned by Lancaster City Council to identify possible ecological constraints that could affect the development of 8 sites and areas currently being considered as new site allocations under its Local Plan. This report looks at one of these sites: Slyne-with-Hest.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plants Established in the United States That Are Found In
    Stellaria media Common chickweed Introduction The genus Stellaria contains approximately 190 species, occurring primarily in the temperate regions. Sixty-four species have been reported in China[12]. Taxonomy Order: Centrospermae Suborder: Caryophyllineae Family: Caryophyllaceae Subfamily: Alsinoideae Vierh. Tribe: Alsineae Pax Subtribe: Stellarinae Aschers. et apex and attenuate or subcordate base, stage of crop growth of wheat, rape and Graebn. lower leaf is petioled. The inflorescence some vegetables. It is also poisonous [39, 108, 187] Genus: Stellaria L. is a terminal cyme. The sepals are, to poultry . Section: Stellaria ovate lanceolate, about 4 mm in length, Subsection: Stellaria slightly obtuse or suborbicular apically Related Species Series: Petiolares Fenal and covered with short glandular hairs S. media var. micrantha (Hayata) T. S. Species: Stellaria media (L.) outside. Shorter than sepals, each Liu & S. S. Ying, native to Taiwan, is Cyr. petal is white, oblong, nearly bisected. a perennial herb. Its petals are nearly Shorter than petals, stamens are 3-5 equal to sepals, which are 2-2.5 mm Description with 3 linear styles. Slightly longer long, whereas S. media var. media has [12] Stellaria media is an annual or biennual than the persistent calyx, capsules are longer sepals and shorter petals . S. herb that can reach 10-30 cm in height. ovate, 6-lobed apically. The flowers media and five additional members The stem is light purplish red with one bloom from June to July and followed of the genus Stellaria are regarded as or two rows of hairs on the surface, and by fruits in July through August. The unwelcome plants in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Silliman Journal Is Published Quarterly Under the Auspices of Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines
    ARTICLE AUTHOR 1 illiman S ournal JA JOURNAL DEVOTED TO DISCUSSION AND INVESTIGATION IN THE HUMANITIES AND SCIENCES VOLUME 57 NUMBER 4 | OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2016 IN THIS ISSUE Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto Daryl A. Juganas Geraldine G. Anque Purisima P. Juico Lily Fetalsana-Apura Lani Lou Mar A. Lopez Shem S. Baguio Lourdes L. Oliva Antonio L. Belloso Jaychris Georgette Y. Onia Telesforo M. Belloso Fe L. Porciuncula Florenda F. Cabatit Lynlei L. Pintor Tessie A. Cabije Maria Ana T. Quimbo Rochie C. Cagara Nelson Jose Vincent Quirejero Beryl Andrea P. Delicana Agnes C. Rola Josefina T. Dizon Ellen S. Romero Benjamina Paula G. Flor Shirly C. Serrano Jonathan L. Galindez Renee Felisa O. Teh Quyen Dinh Ha Benjamin C. Tobias Roilo O. Ignacio Maria Lorena L. Tuballa Maribeth Cuevas Jadina Rowena M. Turtal Serlie B. Jamias Salvador B. Vista OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2016 - VOLUME 57 NO. 4 2 ARTICLE TITLE The Silliman Journal is published quarterly under the auspices of Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines. Entered as second class mail matter at Dumaguete City Post Office on 1 September 1954. Copyright © 2016 by the individual authors and Silliman Journal All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors or the publisher. ISSN 0037-5284 Opinions and facts contained in the articles published in this issue of Silliman Journal are the sole responsibility of the individual authors and not of the Editors, the Editorial Board, Silliman Journal, or Silliman University.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoogeography of the Holarctic Species of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera): Importance of the Bering Ian Refuge
    © Entomologica Fennica. 8.XI.l991 Zoogeography of the Holarctic species of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera): importance of the Bering ian refuge Kauri Mikkola, J, D. Lafontaine & V. S. Kononenko Mikkola, K., Lafontaine, J.D. & Kononenko, V. S. 1991 : Zoogeography of the Holarctic species of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera): importance of the Beringian refuge. - En to mol. Fennica 2: 157- 173. As a result of published and unpublished revisionary work, literature compi­ lation and expeditions to the Beringian area, 98 species of the Noctuidae are listed as Holarctic and grouped according to their taxonomic and distributional history. Of the 44 species considered to be "naturall y" Holarctic before this study, 27 (61 %) are confirmed as Holarctic; 16 species are added on account of range extensions and 29 because of changes in their taxonomic status; 17 taxa are deleted from the Holarctic list. This brings the total of the group to 72 species. Thirteen species are considered to be introduced by man from Europe, a further eight to have been transported by man in the subtropical areas, and five migrant species, three of them of Neotropical origin, may have been assisted by man. The m~jority of the "naturally" Holarctic species are associated with tundra habitats. The species of dry tundra are frequently endemic to Beringia. In the taiga zone, most Holarctic connections consist of Palaearctic/ Nearctic species pairs. The proportion ofHolarctic species decreases from 100 % in the High Arctic to between 40 and 75 % in Beringia and the northern taiga zone, and from between 10 and 20 % in Newfoundland and Finland to between 2 and 4 % in southern Ontario, Central Europe, Spain and Primorye.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fauna of Bombyces, Sphinges And
    driemaandelijks tijdschrift van de VLAAMSE VERENIGING VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksem 1 ISSN 0771-5277 Periode: oktober – november – december 2002 Erkenningsnr. P209674 Redactie: Dr. J–P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet (Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Gent), Dr. K. Martens (Brussel), H. van Oorschot (Amsterdam), D. van der Poorten (Antwerpen), W. O. De Prins (Antwerpen). Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Nieuwe Donk 50, B-2100 Antwerpen (Belgium). e-mail: [email protected]. Jaargang 30, nummer 4 1 december 2002 Contribution to the knowledge of the fauna of Bombyces, Sphinges and Noctuidae of the Southern Ural Mountains, with description of a new Dichagyris (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae, Endromidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Pantheidae, Lymantriidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae) Kari Nupponen & Michael Fibiger [In co-operation with Vladimir Olschwang, Timo Nupponen, Jari Junnilainen, Matti Ahola and Jari- Pekka Kaitila] Abstract. The list, comprising 624 species in the families Lasiocampidae, Endromidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Pantheidae, Lymantriidae, Nolidae and Arctiidae from the Southern Ural Mountains is presented. The material was collected during 1996–2001 in 10 different expeditions. Dichagyris lux Fibiger & K. Nupponen sp. n. is described. 17 species are reported for the first time from Europe: Clostera albosigma (Fitch, 1855), Xylomoia retinax Mikkola, 1998, Ecbolemia misella (Püngeler, 1907), Pseudohadena stenoptera Boursin, 1970, Hadula nupponenorum Hacker & Fibiger, 2002, Saragossa uralica Hacker & Fibiger, 2002, Conisania arida (Lederer, 1855), Polia malchani (Draudt, 1934), Polia vespertilio (Draudt, 1934), Polia altaica (Lederer, 1853), Mythimna opaca (Staudinger, 1899), Chersotis stridula (Hampson, 1903), Xestia wockei (Möschler, 1862), Euxoa dsheiron Brandt, 1938, Agrotis murinoides Poole, 1989, Agrotis sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Noctuid Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae And
    Бiологiчний вiсник МДПУ імені Богдана Хмельницького 6 (2), стор. 87–97, 2016 Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 6 (2), pp. 87–97, 2016 ARTICLE UDC 595.786 CHECK LIST OF NOCTUID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE AND EREBIDAE EXCLUDING LYMANTRIINAE AND ARCTIINAE) FROM THE SAUR MOUNTAINS (EAST KAZAKHSTAN AND NORTH-EAST CHINA) A.V. Volynkin1, 2, S.V. Titov3, M. Černila4 1 Altai State University, South Siberian Botanical Garden, Lenina pr. 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Lenina pr. 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia 3 The Research Centre for Environmental ‘Monitoring’, S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Lomova str. 64, KZ-140008, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. E-mail: [email protected] 4 The Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova 20, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail: [email protected] The paper contains data on the fauna of the Lepidoptera families Erebidae (excluding subfamilies Lymantriinae and Arctiinae) and Noctuidae of the Saur Mountains (East Kazakhstan). The check list includes 216 species. The map of collecting localities is presented. Key words: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Erebidae, Asia, Kazakhstan, Saur, fauna. INTRODUCTION The fauna of noctuoid moths (the families Erebidae and Noctuidae) of Kazakhstan is still poorly studied. Only the fauna of West Kazakhstan has been studied satisfactorily (Gorbunov 2011). On the faunas of other parts of the country, only fragmentary data are published (Lederer, 1853; 1855; Aibasov & Zhdanko 1982; Hacker & Peks 1990; Lehmann et al. 1998; Benedek & Bálint 2009; 2013; Korb 2013). In contrast to the West Kazakhstan, the fauna of noctuid moths of East Kazakhstan was studied inadequately.
    [Show full text]