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Contents Sisukord Contents Sisukord Eessõna ................................... 6 Foreword.................................. 7 1 Ülevaade 9 1.1 Uurimisteemad ja grandid ..................... 9 1.2 Töötajad ............................... 11 1.3 Tunnustused ............................. 11 1.4 Eelarve ................................ 12 1.5 Aparatuur ja seadmed ....................... 13 1.6 Teadusnõukogu töö ......................... 13 1.7 Suhted avalikkusega ........................ 14 1.8 Tänuavaldused ........................... 15 2 Summary 16 2.1 Researchprojectsandgrants. 16 2.2 Staff.................................. 18 2.3 Rewards ............................... 18 2.4 Budget ................................ 19 2.5 Instrumentsandfacilities . 20 2.6 ScientificCouncil .......................... 20 2.7 Publicrelations ........................... 21 2.8 Acknowledgements.... ...... ..... ...... .... 22 3 Evolution of structure in the Universe from deep past until the present Struktuuride areng Universumis kaugest minevikust tä- napäevani 25 3.1 Statistics ofthe spatial distributionof galaxies . ..... 27 3.1.1 Acoustic oscillations in the galaxy distribution . 27 3.1.2 Filamentary nature of the large-scale structure . 28 3.1.3 Luminosity functions of galaxies and their systems . 28 3.2 Galaxysystems ........................... 29 3.2.1 Superclustercatalogues . 29 3.2.2 Projectedsuperclustermaps. 29 3.2.3 Morphologyofsuperclustersofgalaxies . 30 3.2.4 Clustersandgroupsofgalaxies. 33 3.2.5 Localpoorgroups ...... ..... ...... .... 34 3 3.3 Singlegalaxies............................ 35 3.3.1 Detailed visible and dark matter distribution in M 31 . 35 3.3.2 StructureofHIintheGalaxy . 38 3.4 Darkagesandthefirststarsintheuniverse . 40 4 Structure, chemical composition and evolution of stars Tähtede ehi- tus, keemiline koostis ja evolutsioon 42 4.1 Late-typestars............................ 44 4.2 Hotluminousstars ......................... 46 4.3 Modelling of stellar atmospheres and formation of spectra in them ................................. 48 4.4 Diffusion of chemical elements and their isotopes in the chem- ically peculiar (CP) stellar atmospheres . 49 4.5 Precataclysmic and eclipsing close binaries . 51 4.6 Symbioticstarsandrelatedobjects . 53 4.7 Gaiamission............................. 54 4.8 Time and frequency analysis of astronomical phenomena . 55 4.9 Radiativetransfer .......................... 56 5 Optical remote sensing of environment in Estonia and Baltic region Eesti ning Balti regiooni keskkonna optilise kaugseire alused 58 5.1 SolarUVradiationandatmosphericozone . 60 5.2 Earthatmosphereandclimate . 62 5.3 Remotesensingofwaterbodies. 64 5.4 Remotesensingofvegetation . 65 6 Publications Publikatsioonid 73 6.1 Papers in scientific journals and books Artiklid teadusajakir- jades ja -kogumikes ......................... 73 6.1.1 Astronomy Astronoomia ................. 73 6.1.2 Atmospheric physics Atmosfäärifüüsika ........ 75 6.2 Conference papers Artiklid konverentsikogumikes ....... 77 6.2.1 Astronomy Astronoomia ................. 77 6.2.2 Atmospheric physics Atmosfäärifüüsika ........ 78 6.3 Popular Articles Aimeartiklid ................... 80 6.3.1 Astronomy Astronoomia ................. 80 6.3.2 Atmospheric physics Atmosfäärifüüsika ........ 82 6.4 Grant Reports Grandiaruanded .................. 83 6.5 Preprints Preprindid ........................ 84 4 7 Meetings Konverentsid ja seminarid 85 7.1 Astronomy Astronoomia ...................... 85 7.2 Atmospheric physics Atmosfäärifüüsika ............. 88 7.3 Meetings at Tartu Observatory Tartu Observatooriumis korral- datud konverentsid ......................... 92 7.4 Miscellaneous Muud koosolekud ja ettevõtmised ........ 96 8 Visits and guests Visiidid ja külalised 99 8.1 Astronomy Astronoomia ...................... 99 8.2 Atmospheric physics Atmosfäärifüüsika ............. 99 8.3 Guests of the observatory Observatooriumi külalised . 100 9 Seminars at the Observatory Observatooriumis toimunud semina- rid 101 9.1 Astronomy Astronoomia ...................... 101 9.2 Atmospheric physics Atmosfäärifüüsika ............. 102 10 Membership in scientific organizations Teadusorganisatsioonide liikmed 104 11 Teaching and Popularizing Õppetöö ja populariseerimine 107 11.1 Lecture courses and seminars Loengukursused ja seminarid . 107 11.1.1 Astronomy Astronoomia ................. 107 11.1.2 Atmospheric physics Atmosfäärifüüsika ........ 107 11.2 Popular lectures Populaarteaduslikud loengud ja esinemised . 108 11.3 Theses defended, supervised and refereed by the staff of the Observatory Observatooriumi töötajate poolt kaitstud, juhen- datud ja oponeeritud väitekirjad ................. 112 11.3.1 Ph.D. theses Doktoritööd ................. 112 11.3.2 M.Sc. theses Magistritööd ................. 112 11.3.3 Supervising of theses Juhendamine ........... 113 11.3.4 Refereeing of theses Oponeerimine ............ 113 12 Staff Koosseis (01.01.2008) 114 13 Contact data Kontaktandmed 118 13.1 General addresses Üldaadressid ................. 118 13.2 Telephones and E-mail Telefonid ja arvutipost ......... 118 5 Eessõna Oli huvitav aasta – nii võiks 2007 hästi lühidalt kokku võtta. Tahame me seda või ei, teadustöö tulemusi mõõdetakse ikka eelkõige ilmunud teadusartiklite arvuga. Meil jõudis see 75 kanti, mida võib varasema- te aastatega võrreldes pidada väga heaks tulemuseks. See, mida teadustulemused tõe- liselt väärt on, selgub sageli alles aastate või aastakümnete möödu- des. Tänapäeva astronoomid vae- valt enam kahtlevad, et Universu- mi massist moodustab suurema osa nähtamatu tume aine või et ga- laktikate superparved paigutuvad enam-vähem korrapärasesse kärg- struktuuri. Aastat kolmkümmend tagasi polnud need asjad sugugi nii selged. Meie kosmoloogid on teinud järjekindlat tööd nende tõdede kinnis- tamiseks astronoomilisse maailmapilti. Veebruaris 2007 saabus vääriline tun- nustus – akadeemik Jaan Einasto ning tema kaastöötajad Maret Einasto, Enn Saar ja Erik Tago said Eesti Vabariigi suurima ja prestiižikaima teaduspree- mia teadusharu paradigmat ja maailmapilti mõjutava avastuse eest. 2007. aasta sügisel kerkis Observatooriumi peahoone kõrvale mast, mis võib-olla mõne inimese ilumeelt häirib – kuid teadus nõuab ohvreid. Kiire internetiühendus on tänapäeva elu vältimatu tingimus. Pärast pikki kaalu- misi leidsime, et raadioühendus Füüsika Instituudiga Tartu serval on ikkagi parim lahendus. Uue liini kiirus on aga tubli 70 korda suurem kui enne. Tartu Ülikooli Füüsika Instituudiga seob meid ka ühine ajalugu. Vahel tasub minevikule toetudes tulevikku vaadata. Selline päev oli 2. november 2007, mil tähistasime koos oma ühise eelkäija 60. sünnipäeva. Pidustuste aeg aga lähtus sellest, et 5. novembril möödus 100 aastat instituudi kauaaegse di- rektori, Tõraverre uue observatooriumi rajaja akadeemik Aksel Kipperi sün- nist. Ühtlasi tähistasime ka akadeemik Grigori Kusmini 90. sünniaastapäeva. Ka teadustöös ei saa unustada, et Eesti on Euroopa Liidu liige. 2007. aastal läks lahti FP7 ehk EL teadusuuringute 7. raamprogramm. Ja kohe esimeses taotlusvoorus oli meil õnne: regionaalse teaduspotentsiaali arendamiseks ja esiletoomiseks mõeldud taotlus EstSpacE – projekti juht Anu Reinart – jõudis 23 rahastatava projekti hulka 258 taotlusest. 1.1 miljonit eurot kolme aasta 6 jooksul on märkimisväärne lisaraha, mis targalt kasutades peaks aitama välja arendada tipptasemel kosmoseuuringute keskuse. Tippusid Eesti teadusmaastikul hakatakse varsti välja sõeluma – tippkes- kuste konkurss nihkus 2008. aastasse. Peagi hakkavad liikuma kauaoodatud struktuuritoetused teadusasutuste infrastruktuuri kaasajastamiseks. Meil on plaanis mõlemal konkursil osaleda, kuigi taotluste ettevalmistamine nõuab palju aega ja energiat. Neis protsessides mitteosalemine jätaks vähe lootust, et 10–20 aasta pärast oleks Tõraveres veel tasemel teaduskeskus. Edu FP7 konkursil annab meile indu, nagu ka Eesti Vabariigi ja Euroopa Kosmose- agentuuri vahel 20. juunil 2007 sõlmitud koostööleping ja muu rahvusvahe- line taust – isegi kui Eesti teadusraha jagajad vahel meie püüdlusi täielikult ei mõista, vaatame tulevikku optimistlikult. Laurits Leedjärv Tõraveres Direktor veebruar 2008 Foreword In brief – 2007 was an interesting year. Results of research work are mostly characterized by the number of published scientific papers, do we like that or not. In 2007, this number reached 75 which can be considered a very good result in comparison with earlier years. The real value of scientific results often will be clear only after years or decades. Nowadays astronomers hardly doubt that most of the mass in the Universe is concentrated in an invisible dark matter, or that superclusters of galaxies form more or less regular cellular structure. About thirty years ago it was not so clear. Our cosmologists have performed hard work to intro- duce those facts into the astronomical picture of the world. In February 2007 they received an appropriate recognition – Academician Jaan Einasto and his colleagues Maret Einasto, Enn Saar and Erik Tago were awarded the most valuable and prestigious National Science Prize for a discovery changing the paradigm of the research field. In autumn 2007 an high mast was erected next to the main building of the Observatory. Some people maybe do not like it, but the needs of science should be in the first place. High-speed Internet connection is inevitable in the present-day life. We decided to retain the radio link to the Institute of Physics in Tartu, but at least 70 times higher speed is gained by the new de- vice. 7 Tartu Observatory
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