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Eesti Statistika Kvartalikiri Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics Estonia Eesti Statistika Kvartalikiri Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics Estonia 3/2016 Vähema vaevaga rohkem statistikat Pilk Briti statistikasüsteemile Kuidas lugeda statistikat? Mis on residentsuse indeks? Eesti majandus Euroopa võrdluses Noorte tööelu kvaliteet Turismiaasta 2015 Tallinna liikumiskeskkond areneb EESTI STATISTIKA STATISTICS ESTONIA Eesti Statistika Kvartalikiri Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics Estonia 3/2016 TALLINN 2016 MÄRKIDE SELETUS EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS … andmeid ei ole saadud või need on avaldamiseks ebakindlad data not available or too uncertain for publication .. mõiste pole rakendatav category not applicable Väljaandes on kasutatud Statistikaameti andmeid, kui ei ole viidatud teisiti. The publication is based on Statistics Estonia’s data, unless specified otherwise. Toimetuskolleegium / Editorial Council: Riina Kerner, Siim Krusell, Märt Leesment, Robert Müürsepp, Evelin Puura, Taimi Rosenberg, Mihkel Servinski, Ene-Margit Tiit Toimetanud Ene Narusk, Taimi Rosenberg Inglise keelde tõlkinud Helen Loode, Kairi Kübarsepp, Triangular OÜ Kaane kujundanud Uku Nurges Küljendanud Alar Telk, Uku Nurges Kaardid koostanud Ülle Valgma Edited by Ene Narusk, Taimi Rosenberg Translation into English by Helen Loode, Kairi Kübarsepp, Triangular OÜ Cover by Uku Nurges Layout by Alar Telk, Uku Nurges Maps by Ülle Valgma Kirjastanud Statistikaamet, Tatari 51, 10134 Tallinn Trükkinud Ofset OÜ, Paldiski mnt 25, 10612 Tallinn September 2016 Published by Statistics Estonia, Tatari 51, 10134 Tallinn Printed by Ofset OÜ, Paldiski mnt 25, 10612 Tallinn September 2016 ISSN-L 1736-7921 ISSN 1736-7921 (trükis / hard copy) ISSN 2346-6049 (PDF) Autoriõigus/Copyright: Statistikaamet, 2016 Väljaande andmete kasutamisel või tsiteerimisel palume viidata allikale. When using or quoting the data included in this issue, please indicate the source. SISUKORD CONTENTS SISUKORD Uudisnoppeid statistika vallast 4 I Kuidas koguda andmeid võimalikult vähese vaevaga ja pakkuda ettevõtjale vajalikku infot 6 Andres Oopkaup II E-MTA loob uued e-teenused ja vähendab ajakulu maksukohustuse täitmisel 10 Marek Helm III Briti statistikasüsteem väikeriigi esindaja pilgu läbi 15 Allan Randlepp IV Statistiliste andmete kvaliteet ja nende kuvand avalikkuses 22 Peeter Annus V Residentsuse indeks ning selle rakendamine loendusel ja rahvastikustatistikas 41 Ene-Margit Tiit, Ethel Maasing VI Eesti majanduse käekäik Euroopa mittefinantskontode taustal 61 Robert Müürsepp VII Noorte tööelu kvaliteet kriisijärgses Euroopas 81 Heidy Roosimägi VIII Turismist ja majutusest 2015. aastal statistikauuringute põhjal 100 Helga Laurmaa IX Liikumiskeskkonna areng Tallinnas: väljakutse ühistranspordile 116 Rivo Noorkõiv, Dago Antov Põhinäitajad 142 Eesti, Läti ja Leedu võrdlusandmed 150 CONTENTS News picks from the field of statistics 5 I How to collect data with minimal work and provide entrepreneurs with data they need 8 Andres Oopkaup II E-ETCB creates new e-services and saves time on meeting tax liabilities 12 Marek Helm III British statistical system through the eyes of a representative of a small country 18 Allan Randlepp IV Quality and public image of statistical data 32 Peeter Annus V Residency index and its applications in censuses and population statistics 53 Ene-Margit Tiit, Ethel Maasing VI Progress of Estonian economy in light of European non-financial accounts 74 Robert Müürsepp VII Quality of work life of the young in post-crisis Europe 92 Heidy Roosimägi VIII Tourism and accommodation in 2015 based on statistical research 109 Helga Laurmaa IX Development of mobility environment in Tallinn: a challenge for public transport 131 Rivo Noorkõiv, Dago Antov Main indicators 142 Comparative data of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 150 EESTI STATISTIKA KVARTALIKIRI. 3/16. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA 3 UUDISNOPPEID STATISTIKA VALLAST NEWS PICKS FROM THE FIELD OF STATISTICS UUDISNOPPEID STATISTIKA VALLAST Siim Krusell, Robert Müürsepp Statistikaamet Nopete allikaiks on värskemad Eurostati pressiteated (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/news/news-releases). Noori, nende seas ka NEET-noori, Euroopas jätkub Rahvastiku vananemise käes vaevlevas Euroopas küündis 15–29-aastaste noorte arv 2015. aastal siiski ligi 90 miljonini. Millega need noored oma aega sisustavad? Pole vast üllatuseks, et vanuse kasvades kahaneb õppivate ja kasvab tööturul olevate noorte osatähtsus. Märkimisväärsel hulgal on aga ka neid noori, kes erinevatel põhjustel ei õpi ega tööta. Neid nimetatakse NEET-noorteks. Suurima NEET-noorte osatähtsusega 20–24-aastaste seas paistsid 2015. aastal silma Lõuna-Euroopa riigid. Näiteks Itaalias ei töötanud või õppinud selles vanuses noortest 31%, Kreekas 26%. Üle 20% oli selliseid noori veel Rumeenias, Bulgaarias ning Hispaanias. Kõige vähem oli NEET-noori aga Põhjamaades ja Kesk-Euroopas. Nii Hollandis, Saksamaal, Austrias kui ka Rootsis ja Taanis jäi NEET-noorte osatähtsus alla 10%. Kümme aastat tagasi oli paljudes riikides NEET-noori kas palju vähem või rohkem. Üle 8 protsendipunkti on NEET-noorte osatähtsus suurenenud Itaalias, Kreekas ning Hispaanias, samas Saksamaal jäi see kümne aastaga 6 protsendipunkti vähemaks. Milline oli aga Eesti koht vastavas pingereas? Mitte just kõige halvem, aga mitte ka kõige parem: 2015. aastal oli 15% Eesti noortest NEET-noored, 2006. aastal oli selliseid noori 14%. Euroopa Liidu majandus endiselt suurim Hiljuti andis Eurostat välja kogumiku „The EU in the world“, milles antakse muuhulgas ülevaade ka Euroopa Liidu (EL) majanduse osast maailma majanduses. Vaadeldud on perioodi 2004–2014. Suurim osatähtsus maailma SKP-s on Euroopa Liidul – 23,8%, Järgnevad Ameerika Ühendriigid 22,2%-ga. Toimunud on ka lähenemine rikkamate riikide ja ülejäänute vahel ning vähenenud on nii EL-i kui ka USA majanduse osatähtsus maailma SKP-s. Kõige rohkem ongi kahanenud EL-i riikide vastav osatähtsus, mis veel 2004. aastal oli 31,4%. Samal ajal on kõige rohkem kasvanud Hiina osatähtsus maailma majanduses – 4,5%-st 13,4%-ni. Vaatamata vahepealsele majanduskriisile on riikide majandused pikemat perioodi vaadates siiski kasvanud. G-20 riikide seas on EL-i liikmesmaade majandusest aeglasemalt kasvanud aga vaid Jaapani majandus, mille osatähtsus maailma SKP-s on vaadeldud perioodil vähenenud 10,7%-st 5,9%-ni. Majanduskriisi jäljed rahanduses Majanduskriisi mõjusid leiab üle maailma valitsemissektori rahandusest. Nii valitsemissektori kulud kui ka tulud on suurtes majandustes 2004. aastaga võrreldes mõne protsendipunkti võrra kasvanud. EL-i näitajad olid 2014. aastal vastavalt 48,2% ja 45,2% SKP-st. Seega pole ka olulisi erinevusi 2004. ja 2014. aasta valitsemissektori defitsiidis. Küll aga on kriisi najal hüppeliselt kasvanud riikide võlakoormus: EL-is tervikuna 61,2%-st SKP-s 2004. aastal 86,8%-ni 2014. aastal. See pole aga sugugi kiireim kasv. Palju hoogsamalt on selle ajaga kasvanud Jaapani riigivõlg – 178,8%-st 246,6%-ni SKP-s. Samuti on märkimisväärselt suurenenud USA võlakoorem – 79,2%-st 123,3%-ni SKP-s. Euroopa Liidu kaubavahetus suureneb Koos üldise konvergentsi ja majandusliku heaolu kasvuga on aastail 2004–2014 kasvanud ka EL-i kaubavahetus. EL-i kaupade eksport on suurenenud 945 miljardist eurost 1703 miljardi euroni. Peaaegu sama palju on kasvanud ka EL-i kaupade import. EL-i suurimaks kaubanduspartneriks on pigem sihtriigiks olev USA, kellega oli EL-il 2014. aastal 102 miljardi suurune kaubavahetuse ülejääk: eksport 312 miljardit, import 209 miljardit eurot. Enim impordib EL aga Hiinast – 2014. aastal 302 miljardi väärtuses. Kolmandaks suureks kaupade impordi allikaks on Venemaa, kust 2014. aastal veeti EL-i riikidesse kaupu 182 miljardi euro väärtuses. Kõige tähtsam on kaubavahetus EL-iga Venemaale ja Türgile, kelle kogu kaubavahetusest ligikaudu 40% moodustab kaubandus EL-iga. 4 EESTI STATISTIKA KVARTALIKIRI. 3/16. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA UUDISNOPPEID STATISTIKA VALLAST NEWS PICKS FROM THE FIELD OF STATISTICS NEWS PICKS FROM THE FIELD OF STATISTICS Siim Krusell, Robert Müürsepp Statistics Estonia The picks are based on the recent news releases of Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/news/news-releases). Plenty of young people, including NEETs, in Europe In Europe, struggling with population ageing, the number of 15–29-year olds still reached nearly 90 million in 2015. How do they spend their time? Unsurprisingly, the share of young people in education decreases and the share of those in the labour market increases with age. There is also a great number of NEETs – young people who, for various reasons, neither study nor work. Southern European countries had the largest share of NEETs among 20–24-year-olds in 2015. In Italy, the share of young people who were not employed and not involved in education stood at 31% in this age group, in Greece – at 26%. The NEET rate exceeded 20% also in Romania, Bulgaria and Spain. The lowest rates were recorded in Nordic countries and Central Europe. The rate was below 10% in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Sweden and Denmark. Ten years ago the NEET rate was either much lower or much higher in several countries. It has grown more than 8 percentage points in Italy, Greece and Spain, while in Germany it fell 6 percentage points year-over-year. In Estonia, 15% of the young people were NEETs in 2015, the corresponding share in 2006 stood at 14%. European Union economy still largest Recently, Eurostat issued a publication “The EU in the World”, which – among others – provides an overview of the share of the European Union (EU) economy in the world economy. The period observed covers the years
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