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Grabdenkmal Des Abtes Johannes Trithemius in Würzburg

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Grabdenkmal Des Abtes Johannes Trithemius in Würzburg GRABDENKMAL DES ABTES JOHANNES TRITHEMIUS IN WÜRZBURG DIE PRUNKREDEN DES ABTES JOHANNES TRITHEMIUS t 1516 . VON DR. P. BONAVENTURA11IOMMEN, 0. S. B. 11. TEIL BEILAGE ZUM JAHRESBERICHT DER KANT. LEHRANSTALT SARNEN 1934/35 SARNEN 1935 • BUCHDRUCKEREI LOUIS EHRLI ABBATI sVO ALpHONSO Ml\RIl\E AVGNER REGVLl\RIS DIsCIpLINl\E CONSERVATORI VIGILANTI MONUMENTA GERMANIAE HISTORICA Rihliothek Vorwort. Die Anregung zur vorliegenden Dissertation gab mir Prof. Dr. Günther Müller, der zur Zeit meines ersten Aufenthaltes an der freiburger Universi- tät den Lehrstuhl für deutsche Literatur innehatte. Der verehrte Dozent und große freund benediktinischer Art glaubte, es müsse für einen Sohn des hI. Benedikt eine verlockende Aufgabe sein, die immer noch nicht genügend geklärte Stellung des vielgenannten Abtes johannes Trithemius zum Huma- , nismus einer eingehenden Untersuchung zu unterziehen. Mit freuden ging ich an die Arbeit, wurde aber bald gewahr, daß das Thema: »Der Huma- nismus bei joh, Trithemius« für die kurze Zeit, die mir zurVerfügung stand, zu weitläufig war, ganz abgesehen davon, daß der Begriff »Huma- nismus« 'zu den vieldeutigsten und daher umstrittensten gehört. Ich be- schränkte mich also auf die Darstellung der sogenannten »Prunkreden« des Trithemius, womit Professor Müller umso eher einverstanden war, als er selbst allzeit eine große Liebe zur humanistischen ~ortkunst an den Tag legte. Leider wurde ich schon nach den ersten Semestern Hochschulstudiums von meinen Obern zur praktischen Lehrbetätigung abberufen. Als ich nach dreijährigem Unterbruch die Studien an der Alma Mater friburgensis wieder fortsetzen konnte, war mein Deutschprofessor inzwischen einem Rufe nach Münster i. W. gefolgt. Meine dadurch verwaiste Arbeit fand aber in seinem Nachfolger, Prof. Dr. Richard Newald, als ehemaligem Benediktinerschüler von Kremsmünster, einen freund und förderer, und durch sein freundliches Entgegenkommen, seine stete Aufmunterung und Hilfsbereitschaft konnte ich dann meine Dissertation zum Abschluß bringen. Neben den genannten verehrten Professoren, denen ich aufrichtigen Her- zens danke, gilt mein Dankeswort auch dem allverehrten Prof. Gustav Schnürer, der in seinem lebhaften Interesse für »rneinen Trithemius« nie erlahmte und immer mit weisem Rat zur Hand war. Nicht minder erachte ich es als eine Pflicht, der ich übrigens gerne nachkomme, alle jene noch- mals meiner, Dankbarkeit zu versichern, die mich durch ihre bereitwillige Korrespondenz persönlich und sachlich förderten, so Prof. P.Lehmann, München,' Dr. Justus Bier, die gelehrten Bibliothekare von Würzburg und Trier. Dankbar gedenke ich auch der vielen und prompten Dienstleistungen der Bibliotheken freiburg i. Ue., Basel, Zürich, München, Stuttgart, Wien und insbesondere der Kantonsbibliothek Luzern, deren DienstwiIligkeit weit über Verpflichtung hinausging. VI ' Daß ich noch 'eine 'ungedruckte Kapitelrede des Sponheimer Abtes im Anhang veröffentlichen kann, ist das Verdienst von Dr. Hans Meier an der Bibliothek Warburg in London, der mir durch Vermittlung von Prof. R. Ne- wald die von ihm in einer Wiener Handschrift wiederentdeckte Reinhards- brunner Rede vom Jahre 1499 in überaus selbstloser Weise zur Verfügung stellte, wofür ihm auch hier nochmals verbindliehst gedankt sei. Eine auszugsweise deutsche Uebersetzung der Prunkreden wurde in der letztjährigen Beilage zum Jahresbericht der kantonalen Lehranstalt (Samen 1933/34) gegeben. Es wird im folgenden öfters darauf verwiesen; eine Wiederholung einiger dort angebrachter Anmerkungen war nicht zu ver- meiden. Der. leichtern Verständigung wegen werden die Reden nach der (nicht chronologischen) Reihenfolge der Busaeus-Ausgabe mit I., 11. usw. Rede zitiert, wobei die neu veröffentlichte die Ziffer IX erhält. Sa rn en, im Juli 1935. P. Bonaventura Thommen, OSB. VII Abkürzungen für öfters zitierte Literatur. 1 .1 Ann. Hirs. = Anriales Hirsaugiensis, I'd. J. G. Schlegel, St. Gallen, 1690, tom. in fol. Berliere, un ecrivain = Ursmer Berliere, O. S. B. Un ecrrvain ascetiqua de la fin du xve siöcle: Jean Tritheme, O. S. B., Gembloux 1928. Bus. = J. Busaeus, J oannis Trithemii opera pia et spirltualia quotquot reperiri potuerunt. Moguntiae, 1604, in fol. Freh. = Marq. Freher, Johannis Trithemii opera historica, Francofurti 1601, 2 tom. in fol. Hain = Hain, Repetitorium bibliographicum, Stuttgart 1826/38. 4 Bde. Supple- ment von W. A. Copinger, London, 1895/1902, 3 TIde. Heimbucher = Max Heimbucher, Die Orden und Kongregationen der katholischen 3 Kirche. Paderborn, 1., 1933 • Hilpisch = St. Hilpisch, Geschichte des Benediktinischen Mönchtums. Freiburg . i. B. 1929. Nepiachus = Nepiachus, i. e. libellus de studiis et seriptis propriis a pueritia repetitis, in J. G. Eccard: Corpus historic. med. aevi, Lipsiae 1723, H., p. 1826 sqq. Norden = Ed. Norden, Antike Kunstprosa vom VI. Jahrhundert vor Chr, bis in die Zeit der Renaissance .. 2 Bde. Leipzig 1923. Paralipomena = Paralipomena opuseulerum Petri Blessensis, J o, Trithemii et Hincmari, ed. Busaeus. Moguntiae 1605, 8°. P. L.; P. G. = Migne, Patres latini: Migne, Patres graeci. Prunkreden I. = Die Prunkreden des Ahtes Joh. Trithemius. I. Teil. Beilage zum Jahresbericht der kantonalen Lehranstalt Samen 1933/34. Quintilian ="M. Fahii Quintiliani, Institutionis oratoriae libri XII., ed. Bonnel, Leipzig 1882. Redlich = Virgo Redlich OSB, Johannes Rode von St. Matthias hei Trier. (Beiträge zur Geschichte des alten Mönchtums 11.) Münster 1923. S. Reg. = S. Benedicti Regula monasteriorum. I'd. Butler. Frihurgi Brisgov. 1927 '. Silbernagl = J. SilbernagI, Joh. Trithemius. Eine Monographie. Regensburg 1885'. Stud. und Mitt. = Studien und Mitteilungen aus dem Benediktiner- und Zister- zienser-Orden, Brünn 1880 ff. Volk = P. Volk, OSB, Die Generalkapitel der Bursfelder Benediktiner-Kongregation, . Münster 1928. Volkmann = R. Volkmann. Die Rhetorik der Griechen und Römer, Leipzig 1883.' Andere Abkürzungen werden an Ort und Stelle erklärt, oder sind ohne Erklärung verständlich. Die Bibelstellen sind nach der Vulgata (ed. Hetzenauer, Regensburg 1922) an- geführt und verifiziert. Die Klassikerzitate wurden anhand der Oxforder Ausgabe nachgeprüft (Scrip- torum classicorum hibliotheca Oxoniensis). Einlei tung. »Der Name Joh. Trithemius 1 hat heute keinen guten Klang «, schrieb 1910 Dr. Paul Lehmann in der Festgabe Iür Hermann Grauert,s Heute nach 25 Jahren würde der gelehrte Münchner Professorund ausgezeichnete Kenner des mittelalterlichen Schrifttums, dem die Mängel und unleugbaren Fehler trithemianischer Oeschichtschreibung den Blick für die anderweitigen hohen Verdienste und die eigenartige Bedeutung des Sponheimer Abtes nicht I zu trüben vermochten,' vermerken können, daß Trithemius wieder an An- sehen gewonnen hat. Und dies 'nicht nur um seines allzeit betonten Deutsch- tums willen,' das im Zeichen des nationalen Erwachens Deutschlands wie- 1 Trithemius schrieb seinen Namen gewöhnlich ohne h. Aber schon seine Zeitgenossen und ersten Herausgeber schrieben th, und jetzt ist es die gebräuch- liche Schreibweise. Die Königliche Bibliothek in Kopenhagen besitzt im Kodex Ny Kg!. S. 212b ein griechisches Autograph (squem ego quidem Joannes Trite-· mius .. : scripsi anno 1496 ad usum meum ac fratrum grecitanciume ), wo sich beide Schreibweisen T(!tTTl/lws und TQh~h)/l108 beisammen finden. Vg!.Ellen J oergen- sen, Catalogus Codicum latinorum medii aevi Bihliothecae Hafniensis. Kopenhagen 1926, S. 290. , Nachrichten von der Sponheimer Bibliothek des Abtes J oh. Trithemius, von Dr. P. Le h m ann, in: Feslgabe f. H. Grauert, Freiburg i. Br. 1910, S. 205. Vgl, auch Dr. G.Kimtenich, J ohannes Trithemius, ill: Trierer Zeitschrift, 2. J g. 1927, S. 136-140, wo die eine und andere, durch die neuere Geschichtsforschung bewirkte Ehrenrettung des vielgeschmähten »Geschlchtsfälscherse verzeichnet ist. Ebenso E. Jakobs im Neuen Archiv 36 (1911), 203-208. 3 Wie noch 1931 einem A. Hessel in seinem (was Trithemius betrifft) etwas oberflächlichen Artikel •Von modernen Fälschern. im Archiv für Urkundenfor- schung 12 (1931) 1 ff. Er erwähnt die Arbeiten Mittermüllers, Berliere's und ande- rer mit keinem Wort, nicht einmal die heiden Biographien von Silhernagl und Schneegans, auf welche doch seine meisten Angaben sich stützen. 4 Sein patriotisches Hochgefühl und seine Träume für ein großes Königreich - Germanien, dem er alle Städte zwischen Rhein und Mosel auf ewige Zeiten an- gliederte (Vorrede zum deutschen Schriftstellerkatalog, und Ann. Hirs. H. 6; 572) fallen Gelehrten anderer Nationen sofort auf. s. Berliere, Un öcrtvatn, S. 10. Trithe- mius sah Deutschland bereits vom völkischen Gesichtswinkel aus, und wo immerer bei einem Autor deutsche Abstammung vermuten konnte, vergißt er nicht beizu- fügen: • natione Teutonicus c. Von einem kulturlosen Urzustand der Germanen will er nichts wissen. In seinem Geiste existiert bereits ein Königreich Germanien, dem alle deutschsprachigen Stämme angehören! Ann. Hirs. 11., 151 f.; 162f. Freh. 1., 122 f. Vg!. Paul Joachimsen, Geschichtsaulfassung und Geschichtsschreibung in Deutschland unter dem Einfluß des Humanismus I. Leipzig 1910, S. 50-60. - 2 der mehr geschätzt wird, sondern vor allem deshalb, weil die Erforscher des ausgehenden Mittelalters, das nun seit einiger Zeit im Brennpunkt des kulturhistorischen Interesses steht, auf Schritt und Tritt dieser »Arche des Wissens« begegnen und darin Zuflucht suchen müssen, wenn sie sich von der geistigen Situation des vorreformatorischen Zeitalters und von der Viel- gestaltigkeit des damaligen Lebens ein getreues Bild machen wollen.s Aber
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