Recommended Review– List of structures
UPPER EXTREMITY • Pectoralis major • Pectoralis minor Bone, joints & ligaments • Latissiumus dorsi • Sternoclavicular joints & ligaments • Latissimus dorsi & pect major attachments • 1st rib attachment (‘’miss between the 2 majors’’) • Clavicle • Serratus anterior • Acromioclavicular joint & ligaments • Trapezius (upper, middle, lower) • Coracoacromial ligament • Rhomboids major and minor • Trapezoid ligament • Levator scapula • Conoid ligament • Deltoid • Scapula • Supraspinatus o Glenoid cavity • Infraspinatus o Spine • Teres minor o Borders & angles • Teres major o Supraspinatus & infraspinatus • Subscapularis fossas • Coracobrachialis o Acromion • Brachialis • Humerus • Biceps brachii (long & short head) o Head, neck & shaft • Triceps brachii (3 heads) o Greater tuberosity • Supinator o Bicipital groove • Pronator teres & quadratus o Lesser tuberosity • Common flexors tendon o Lateral & medial epicondyle • Flexor carpi radialis o Trochlea & Capitulum • Palmaris longus • Glenoid labrum • Flexor carpi ulnaris • Glenohumeral ligaments • Flexor digitorum superficialis • Transverse humeral igaments • Flexor digitorum profondus • Radius • Flexor pollicis longus o Radial head & Annular ligament • Brachioradialis o Radial tuberosity • Common extensors tendon o Radial styloid process • Extensor carpi radialis longus • Ulna • Extensor carpi radialis brevis o Olecranon • o Trochlear notch Extensor digitorum o Ulna tuberosity • Extensor carpi ulnaris o Ulnar styloid process • Extensor digiti minimi • Lateral collateral ligament of the elbow • Extensor indicis • Medial collateral ligament of the elbow • Anatomical snuff box : abductor pollicis • Carpal bones: trapezium, trapezoid, longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor capitate, hamate, scaphoid, lunate, pollicis longus triquetrum, pisiform • Structures passing thru carpal tunnel • Triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) • Flexor tendon attachments in fingers • Metacarpals • Extensor tendon attachment in fingers • Phalanges • Pulley system
Muscles Muscles con’t Recommended Review– List of structures
• Muscles of hand o Thenar muscles o Hypothenar muscles o Interossei o Lumbricals
Nerves • Brachial Plexus • Axillary nerve • Suprascapular nerve • Long thoracic nerve • Thoracodorsal nerve • Ulnar nerve at the elbow and wrist • Radial nerve at elbow (superficial and deep branches) • Median nerve at the elbow and wrist
Arteries • Axillary artery & branches • Brachial artery (at elbow notice TAN: tendon, artery, nerve from lateral to medial) • Ulnar artery • Radial artery
BACK & ABDOMEN Bone, joints, ligaments • Structures of the cervical vertebra • Structures of the thoracic vertebra • Structures of the lumbar vertebra • Disc (annulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus) • Zygapophyseal joints (Z-joints) • Spinal canal
Muscles • Erector spinae • Rectus abdominus • External oblique • Internal oblique • Multifidus • Tranverse abdominus
Recommended Review– List of structures
LOWER EXTREMITY o Anterior talofibular lig o Calcaneofibular lig Bone, joints & ligaments o Posterior talofibular lig • Pelvis • Plantar calcaneo-navicular ligament (spring) o Body of ilium • Plantar fascia o Iliac crest • Bones of the foot: talus (body, head & o ASIS neck), calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial + o AIIS intermediate + lateral cuneiforms o PSIS • Metatarsal bones o Ischiopubic ramus • Phalanges o Ischial tuberosity o Pubic symphysis Muscles o Superior and inferior rami of pubis • Iliopsoas o Obturator foramen • Pectineus o Acetabulum • Adductor longus • Sacroiliac joints • Adductor brevis • Femur • Adductor magnus o Head, neck & shaft • Gracilis o Greater trochanter • Sartorius o Lesser trochanter • Obturator externus o Medial & lateral condyle • Quadriceps & attachments o Medial & lateral epicondyle • Gluteus maximus o Adductor tubercle • Gluteus medius • Hip ligaments: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, • Gluteus minimus ischiofemoral • Tensor fascia lata & iliotibial band • Ligament of head of the femur • Piriformis • Medial collateral ligament of knee • Obturator internus • Lateral collateral ligament of the knee • Superior and inferior gemelli • Anterior cruciate ligament • Quadratus femoris • Posterior cruciate ligament • Hamstrings & attachments • Medial & lateral meniscus • Pes anserine : sartorius, gracilis, • Patella semitendinosus • Tibia • Popliteus muscle o Medial and lateral condyles • Gastrocnemius o Tibial plateau (medial & lateral) • Soleus o Tibial tuberosity • Plantaris o Medial malleolus • Tibialis posterior • Fibula • Flexor digitorum o Head of the fibula • Flexor hallucis longus o Lateral malleolus • • Superior tibiofibular joint & ligaments Tibialis anterior • • Inferior tibiofibular joint & ligaments Extensor digitorum • • Deltoid ligament at ankle Extensor hallucis longus o Anterior & posterior tibiotalar lig • Fibularis tertius o Tibionavicular lig • Fibularis longus o Tibiocalcaneal lig • Fibularis brevis • Lateral ligament at ankle Muscles con’t Recommended Review– List of structures
• Lateral view of ankle: fibularis longus and brevis tendon • Medial view of the ankle: tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus • Extensor digitorum brevis • Muscles of the foot o Abductor hallucis o Flexor digitorum brevis o Abductor digiti minimi o Lumbricals o Flexor hallucis brevis o Adductor hallucis o Flexor digiti minimi brevis o Plantar interossei o Dorsal interossei
Nerves • Superior and inferior gluteal nerves • Sciatic nerve in buttock • Femoral nerve (femoral triangle: nerve, artery, vein from lateral to medial) • Tibial nerve (posterior knee: nerve, vein, artery from lateral to medial) • Common fibular nerve (superficial & deep branch) • Medial plantar nerve • Lateral plantar nerve
Arteries • Femoral artery (see above femoral triangle) • Popliteal artery • Anterior tibial artery • Posterior tibial artery (see above medial view of ankle) • Fibular artery • Dorsalis pedis artery