Lab 6

FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB #6 UPPER/LOWER EXTREMITY OSTEOLOGY

OSTEOLOGY: UPPER EXTREMITY

SCAPULA:

Borders:

Medial (Vertebral) - most superior aspect called the Superior angle

Lateral - most inferior aspect called the inferior angle

Fossa:

Supraspinous fossa

Infraspinous fossa

Subscapular fossa

Glenoid fossa

Other Features:

acromion process

coracoid process

scapular spine

scapular notch

infraglenoid tubercle - located at the bottom of the glenoid fossa

supraglenoid tubercle - located at the top of the glenoid fossa

Note: the shape of the Glenoid fossa suggests that shoulder stability is heavily reliant on connective tissues surrounding the joint to prevent dislocation

CLAVICLE:

sternal end - blunt, articulates with the Manubrium

acromial end - flat/bladelike, articulates with the Acromium process

HUMERUS:

head

greater tubercle

lesser tubercle

interturbicular (bicipital) groove - located between the tubercles

deltoid tuberosity

shaft

medial/lateral epicondyles

capitulum - the part of the distal condyle that articulates with the Radius

trochlea - the part of the distal condyle that articulates with the Ulna

olecranon fossa

coronoid fossa

ULNA: 1 Lab 6

coronoid process

olecranon process

trochlear notch

ulnar tuberosity

body

head (distal end)

radial notch - where the proximal end of the radius articulates

interosseous border (lateral side)

styloid process

RADIUS:

body

neck

head (proximal end)

radial tuberosity

anterior oblique line

interosseous border

styloid process

CARPAL BONES

# of rows?

# of bones?

Which carpal primarily articulates w/ radius?

Note: the carpal bones form the floor and sides of the carpal tunnel. The anterior (top) of the carpal tunnel is formed by the flexor retinaculum (ligament).

METACARPALS (1-5)

Note: interosseous muscles are located between each metacarpal

PHALANGES:

Thumb (#1), also called the Pollux, contains proximal & distal phalanges

4 fingers (#2-5) contain proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

SURFACE STRUCTURES: UPPER EXTREMITY

Axila

Cubital fossa

Thenar eminence

Hypothenar eminence

Palmar aponeurosis

Snuff box

Flexor/Extensor retinacula

2 Lab 6

JOINTS: UPPER EXTREMITY

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Glenohumeral

Humeroulnar

Humeroradial

Radioulnar (proximal)

Interosseous membrane (b/w ulna and radius)

Radioulnar (distal)

Radiocarpal

Intercarpal

Carpometacarpal

Metacarpophalangeal

Interphalangeal

LOWER EXTREMITY:

COXAE:

pubis

ischium

ilium

pubic tubercle

pubic symphysis

iliac crest

anterior superior iliac spine

anterior inferior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

posterior inferior iliac spine

ischial tuberosity

greater sciatic notch

greater sciatic foramen

lesser sciatic notch

lesser sciatic foramen

sacrotuberous ligament these ligaments connect the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and the ischial spine respectively; they also help form the greater and lesser sciatic foramens sacrospinous ligament

inferior/superior pubic rami

ischiopubic ramus

3 Lab 6

acetabulum

obturator foramen

iliac auricular surface – where the illium articulates with the sacrum

FEMUR:

head

neck

greater trochanter

lesser trochanter

intertrochanteric crest

linea aspera

medial/lateral condyles

medial/lateral epicondyles

adductor tubercle

popliteal surface

intercondylar fossa

patellar surface

PATELLA

TIBIA:

medial/lateral condyles

intercondylar eminence

tibial tuberosity

body/shaft

anterior crest

interosseous border

medial malleolus

fibular facets

FIBULA:

head

body/shaft

interosseous border

lateral malleolus

TARSALS:

talus

calcaneous

navicular

1st cuneiform 4 Lab 6

2nd cuneiform

3rd cuneiform

cuboid – probably 4th and 5th cuneiform bones at one time

METATARSALS (1-5)

Note: interosseous muscles are located between each metatarsal

PHALANGES:

Big Toe (#1), also called the Hallux, contains proximal & distal phalanges

4 fingers (#2-5) contain proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

JOINTS/LIGAMENTS: LOWER EXTREMITY

COXAL (HIP):

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

ligamentum capitis femoris

acetabular labrum

inguinal ligament

TIBIOFEMORAL (KNEE):

patellar ligament

menisci

medial/lateral collateral ligaments

quadriceps tendon

ant/post cruciate ligaments

TALOCRURAL (ANKLE) -Talotibial and Talofibular:

ant/post tibofibular ligaments

deltoid ligaments

lateral ligaments

calcaneofibular ligaments

ant/post talofibular ligament

SURFACE STRUCTURES: LOWER EXTREMITY

Adductor canal/hiatus

Femoral sheath/canal

Saphenous Hiatus

Superior/Inferior extensor retinacula

Plantar aponeurosis

Femoral triangle

Popliteal fossa

Medial/lateral flexor retinacula

5