Lab 6 FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB #6 UPPER/LOWER EXTREMITY OSTEOLOGY OSTEOLOGY: UPPER EXTREMITY SCAPULA: Borders: Medial (Vertebral) - most superior aspect called the Superior angle Lateral - most inferior aspect called the inferior angle Fossa: Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Subscapular fossa Glenoid fossa Other Features: acromion process coracoid process scapular spine scapular notch infraglenoid tubercle - located at the bottom of the glenoid fossa supraglenoid tubercle - located at the top of the glenoid fossa Note: the shape of the Glenoid fossa suggests that shoulder stability is heavily reliant on connective tissues surrounding the joint to prevent dislocation CLAVICLE: sternal end - blunt, articulates with the Manubrium acromial end - flat/bladelike, articulates with the Acromium process HUMERUS: head greater tubercle lesser tubercle interturbicular (bicipital) groove - located between the tubercles deltoid tuberosity shaft medial/lateral epicondyles capitulum - the part of the distal condyle that articulates with the Radius trochlea - the part of the distal condyle that articulates with the Ulna olecranon fossa coronoid fossa ULNA: 1 Lab 6 coronoid process olecranon process trochlear notch ulnar tuberosity body head (distal end) radial notch - where the proximal end of the radius articulates interosseous border (lateral side) styloid process RADIUS: body neck head (proximal end) radial tuberosity anterior oblique line interosseous border styloid process CARPAL BONES # of rows? # of bones? Which carpal primarily articulates w/ radius? Note: the carpal bones form the floor and sides of the carpal tunnel. The anterior (top) of the carpal tunnel is formed by the flexor retinaculum (ligament). METACARPALS (1-5) Note: interosseous muscles are located between each metacarpal PHALANGES: Thumb (#1), also called the Pollux, contains proximal & distal phalanges 4 fingers (#2-5) contain proximal, middle, and distal phalanges SURFACE STRUCTURES: UPPER EXTREMITY Axila Cubital fossa Thenar eminence Hypothenar eminence Palmar aponeurosis Snuff box Flexor/Extensor retinacula 2 Lab 6 JOINTS: UPPER EXTREMITY Sternoclavicular Acromioclavicular Glenohumeral Humeroulnar Humeroradial Radioulnar (proximal) Interosseous membrane (b/w ulna and radius) Radioulnar (distal) Radiocarpal Intercarpal Carpometacarpal Metacarpophalangeal Interphalangeal LOWER EXTREMITY: COXAE: pubis ischium ilium pubic tubercle pubic symphysis iliac crest anterior superior iliac spine anterior inferior iliac spine posterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine ischial tuberosity greater sciatic notch greater sciatic foramen lesser sciatic notch lesser sciatic foramen sacrotuberous ligament these ligaments connect the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and the ischial spine respectively; they also help form the greater and lesser sciatic foramens sacrospinous ligament inferior/superior pubic rami ischiopubic ramus 3 Lab 6 acetabulum obturator foramen iliac auricular surface – where the illium articulates with the sacrum FEMUR: head neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter intertrochanteric crest linea aspera medial/lateral condyles medial/lateral epicondyles adductor tubercle popliteal surface intercondylar fossa patellar surface PATELLA TIBIA: medial/lateral condyles intercondylar eminence tibial tuberosity body/shaft anterior crest interosseous border medial malleolus fibular facets FIBULA: head body/shaft interosseous border lateral malleolus TARSALS: talus calcaneous navicular 1st cuneiform 4 Lab 6 2nd cuneiform 3rd cuneiform cuboid – probably 4th and 5th cuneiform bones at one time METATARSALS (1-5) Note: interosseous muscles are located between each metatarsal PHALANGES: Big Toe (#1), also called the Hallux, contains proximal & distal phalanges 4 fingers (#2-5) contain proximal, middle, and distal phalanges JOINTS/LIGAMENTS: LOWER EXTREMITY COXAL (HIP): iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments ligamentum capitis femoris acetabular labrum inguinal ligament TIBIOFEMORAL (KNEE): patellar ligament menisci medial/lateral collateral ligaments quadriceps tendon ant/post cruciate ligaments TALOCRURAL (ANKLE) -Talotibial and Talofibular: ant/post tibofibular ligaments deltoid ligaments lateral ligaments calcaneofibular ligaments ant/post talofibular ligament SURFACE STRUCTURES: LOWER EXTREMITY Adductor canal/hiatus Femoral sheath/canal Saphenous Hiatus Superior/Inferior extensor retinacula Plantar aponeurosis Femoral triangle Popliteal fossa Medial/lateral flexor retinacula 5.