1 Anatomy – Upper Limb – Muscles
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List: Bones & Bone Markings of Appendicular Skeleton and Knee
List: Bones & Bone markings of Appendicular skeleton and Knee joint Lab: Handout 4 Superior Appendicular Skeleton I. Clavicle (Left or Right?) A. Acromial End B. Conoid Tubercle C. Shaft D. Sternal End II. Scapula (Left or Right?) A. Superior border (superior margin) B. Medial border (vertebral margin) C. Lateral border (axillary margin) D. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch) E. Acromion Process F. Coracoid Process G. Glenoid Fossa (cavity) H. Infraglenoid tubercle I. Subscapular fossa J. Superior & Inferior Angle K. Scapular Spine L. Supraspinous Fossa M. Infraspinous Fossa III. Humerus (Left or Right?) A. Head of Humerus B. Anatomical Neck C. Surgical Neck D. Greater Tubercle E. Lesser Tubercle F. Intertubercular fossa (bicipital groove) G. Deltoid Tuberosity H. Radial Groove (groove for radial nerve) I. Lateral Epicondyle J. Medial Epicondyle K. Radial Fossa L. Coronoid Fossa M. Capitulum N. Trochlea O. Olecranon Fossa IV. Radius (Left or Right?) A. Head of Radius B. Neck C. Radial Tuberosity D. Styloid Process of radius E. Ulnar Notch of radius V. Ulna (Left or Right?) A. Olecranon Process B. Coronoid Process of ulna C. Trochlear Notch of ulna Human Anatomy List: Bones & Bone markings of Appendicular skeleton and Knee joint Lab: Handout 4 D. Radial Notch of ulna E. Head of Ulna F. Styloid Process VI. Carpals (8) A. Proximal row (4): Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform B. Distal row (4): Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate VII. Metacarpals: Numbered 1-5 A. Base B. Shaft C. Head VIII. Phalanges A. Proximal Phalanx B. Middle Phalanx C. Distal Phalanx ============================================================================= Inferior Appendicular Skeleton IX. Os Coxae (Innominate bone) (Left or Right?) A. -
14-Anatomy of Forearm
FOREARM By : Prof.Saeed Abulmakarem. Dr. Sanaa Al-Sharawy OBJECTIVES §At the end of this lecture, the student should able to : §List the names of the Flexors Group of Forearm (superficial & deep muscles). §Identify the common flexor origin of flexor muscles and their innervation & movements. §Identify supination & poronation and list the muscles produced these 2 movements. §List the names of the Extensor Group of Forearm (superficial & deep muscles). §Identify the common extensor origin of extensor musles and their innervation & movements. n The forearm extends from elbow to wrist. n It posses two bones radius laterally & Ulna medially. n The two bones are connected together by the interosseous membrane. n This membrane allows movement of Pronation and Supination while the two bones are connected together. n Also it gives origin for the deep muscles. § The forearm is Fascial Compartments of the Forearm enclosed in a sheath of deep fascia, which is attached to the posterior border of the ulna . §This fascial sheath, together with the interosseous membrane & fibrous intermuscular septa, divides the forearm into compartments, each having its own muscles, nerves, and blood supply. These muscles: 8 FLEXOR GROUP § Act on the elbow & wrist joints and those of the fingers. § Form fleshy masses in the proximal part and become tendinous in the distal part of the forearm. •Arranged in three groups: I-Superficial: 4 Ø Pronator teres Ø Flexor carpi radialis Ø Palmaris longus III- Deep: 3 Ø Flexor carpi ulnaris Ø Flexor digitorum profundus II-Intermediate: 1 Ø Flexor pollicis longus Ø Ø Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus n Superficial Flexors: n They arise - more or less- from the common flexor origin (front of medial epicondyle). -
Scapular Dyskinesis
Scapular Dyskinesis Presented by: Scott Sevinsky MSPT Presented by: Scott Sevinsky SPT 1 What is Scapular Dyskinesis? Alteration in the normal static or dynamic position or motion of the scapula during coupled scapulohumeral movements. Other names given to this catch-all phrase include: “floating scapula” and “lateral scapular slide”.1, 2 1 Alterations in scapular position and motion occur in 68 – 100% of patients with shoulder injuries. Scapular Dyskinesis Classification System 1, 3 Pattern Definitions Inferior angle At rest, the inferior medial scapular border may be prominent dorsally. During arm motion, the inferior (type I) angle tilts dorsally and the acromion tilts ventrally over the top of the thorax. The axis of the rotation is in the horizontal plane. Medial border At rest, the entire medial border may be prominent dorsally. During arm motion, the medial scapular (type II) border tilts dorsally off the thorax. The axis of the rotation is vertical in the frontal plane. Superior border At rest, the superior border of the scapula may be elevated and the scapula can also be anteriorly (type III) displaced. During arm motion, a shoulder shrug initiates movement without significant winging of the scapula occurring. The axis of this motion occurs in the sagittal plane. Symmetric At rest, the position of both scapula are relatively symmetrical, taking into account that the dominant scapulohumeral arm may be slightly lower. During arm motion, the scapulae rotate symmetrically upward such that the (type IV) inferior angles translate laterally away from the midline and the scapular medial border remains flush against the thoracic wall. The reverse occurs during lowering of the arm. -
Bone Limb Upper
Shoulder Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) Scapula Acromioclavicular joint proximal end of Humerus Clavicle Sternoclavicular joint Bone: Upper limb - 1 Scapula Coracoid proc. 3 angles Superior Inferior Lateral 3 borders Lateral angle Medial Lateral Superior 2 surfaces 3 processes Posterior view: Acromion Right Scapula Spine Coracoid Bone: Upper limb - 2 Scapula 2 surfaces: Costal (Anterior), Posterior Posterior view: Costal (Anterior) view: Right Scapula Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 3 Scapula Glenoid cavity: Glenohumeral joint Lateral view: Infraglenoid tubercle Right Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle posterior anterior Bone: Upper limb - 4 Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle: long head of biceps Anterior view: brachii Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 5 Scapula Infraglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps brachii Anterior view: Right Scapula (with biceps brachii removed) Bone: Upper limb - 6 Posterior surface of Scapula, Right Acromion; Spine; Spinoglenoid notch Suprspinatous fossa, Infraspinatous fossa Bone: Upper limb - 7 Costal (Anterior) surface of Scapula, Right Subscapular fossa: Shallow concave surface for subscapularis Bone: Upper limb - 8 Superior border Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Suprascapular nerve Posterior view: Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 9 Acromial Clavicle end Sternal end S-shaped Acromial end: smaller, oval facet Sternal end: larger,quadrangular facet, with manubrium, 1st rib Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Right Clavicle Bone: Upper limb - 10 Clavicle Conoid tubercle: inferior -
The Painful Shoulder Part II: Common Acute & Chronic Disorders
The Painful Shoulder Part II: Common Acute & Chronic Disorders © Jackson Orthopaedic Foundation www.jacksonortho.org Presenters AJ Benham, DNP, FNP, ONC Kathleen Geier, DNP, FNP, ONC Jackson Orthopedic Foundation 3317 Elm Street - Suite 102 Oakland, CA 94609 [email protected] [email protected] http://www.orthoprimarycare.info/ Conflict Of Interest Disclosures We hereby certify that, to the best of our knowledge, no aspect of our current personal or professional situation might reasonably be expected to affect significantly our views on the subject on which we are presenting. Objectives • 1. Differentiate among common conditions associated with shoulder pain based on history and physical exam • 2. Formulate plans for imaging and treatment of specific shoulder conditions according to evidence based guidelines. • 3. Discuss indications & appropriate communication techniques for referral of patients with shoulder conditions to services including PT, surgery, etc. Common Sites of Shoulder Pain A A good place for a chart ACUTE CHRONIC • Fractures • Impingement Syndrome Humerus • Frozen Shoulder Clavicle Adhesive capsulitis Scapula • Biceps Tendonitis • *Dislocations • Labral Injury Humerus SLAP Tear AC Joint • Osteoarthritis SC Joint Glenohumeral • *Rotator Cuff Tear Acromioclavicular S.I.T.S. Muscles • Osteolysis Distal clavicle Shoulder Landmarks A A good place for a chart More Shoulder Landmarks A A good place for a chart Musculoskeletal Exam • Inspection • Palpation * • Range of Motion • Resisted Strength • Sensation • Provocative Testing * One joint above; one below www.jacksonortho.org ACUTE CHRONIC • Fractures • Impingement Syndrome Clavicle • Frozen Shoulder Humerus Adhesive capsulitis Scapula • Biceps Tendonitis • *Dislocations • Labral Injury Humerus SLAP Tear AC Joint • Osteoarthritis SC Joint Glenohumeral • *Rotator Cuff Tear Acromioclavicular S.I.T.S. -
Anatomy and Physiology II
Anatomy and Physiology II Review Bones of the Upper Extremities Muscles of the Upper Extremities Anatomy and Physiology II Review Bones of the Upper Extremities Questions From Shoulder Girdle Lecture • Can you name the following structures? A – F • Acromion F – B B • Spine of the Scapula G – C • Medial (Vertebral) Border H – E C • Lateral (Axillary) Border – A • Superior Angle E I – D • Inferior Angle – G • Head of the Humerus D – H • Greater Tubercle of Humerus – I • Deltoid Tuberosity Questions From Shoulder Girdle Lecture • Would you be able to find the many of the same landmarks on this view (angles, borders, etc)? A • Can you name the following? – D • Coracoid process of scapula C – C D B • Lesser Tubercle – A • Greater Tubercle – B • Bicipital Groove (Intertubercular groove) Questions From Upper Extremities Lecture • Can you name the following structures? – B • Lateral epicondyle – A • Medial epicondyle A B Questions From Upper Extremities Lecture • Can you name the following landmarks? – C • Olecranon process – A • Head of the radius – B D • Medial epicondyle B A – D C • Lateral epicondyle Questions From Upper Extremities Lecture • Can you name the following bones and landmarks? – Which bone is A pointing to? • Ulna – Which bone is B pointing A to? • Radius E – C B • Styloid process of the ulna – D • Styloid process of the radius C – E D • Interosseous membrane of forearm Questions From Upper Extremities Lecture • Can you name the following bony landmarks? – Which landmark is A pointing to? • Lateral epicondyle of humerus – Which -
Small Muscles of the Hand
By the name of Allah Small muscles of the hand Revision: The palmar aponeurosis is triangular in shape with apex and base. It is divided into 4 bands that radiate to the medial four fingers. Dupuytren’s Contracture: • A localized thickening and shortening of palmar aponeurosis that limits hand function (it is permanent) • Fibrosis pulls the ring finger then the little finger into partial flexion at the MCP joints, followed by flexion of their proximal interphalangeal joints • Usual treatment: Treated by surgical excision of fibrous bands followed by physiotherapy. Alternative treatment: Injection of the enzyme Collagenase into the contracted bands of the fibrous tissue. Keep in mind: • When the muscle Isn’t functioning: It is Relaxed. While it is in action: It is contracted. • Contraction DIFFERS from contracture. Contracture means permanent shortening. 18 th \Mar\2012 1 Small muscles of the hand: Arranged in five groups + 1 muscle, as the following: 1- Thenar muscles: (three in number) each moves the thumb according to its name: • Flexor pollicis brevis: assists the flexor pollicis longus in the flexion of MCP joint of the thumb. • Abductor pollicis brevis: abduction of the thumb. • Opponens pollicis: pulls the thumb medially and forward across the palm (as in counting fingers, shown in the figure below). All supplied by median nerve. 2- Hypothenar muscles: (three in number) each moves the little finger according to its name: • Flexor digiti minimi. • Abductor digit minimi. • Opponens digiti minimi. All supplied by deep branch of ulnar nerve. Only the thumb and little finger got opponens muscles, the Dr said it is because of the long distance between the two fingers ☺ 3- Adductor pollicis muscle: • It has got two heads: horizontal( transverse) and Oblique. -
Extensor Pollicis Longus Superficialis and Extensor Indicis Superficialis, Can They Be Considered As a New Anatomical Variation in the Long Extensors of Fingers?
Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci. (2016). 2(12): 27-32 International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences ISSN: 2454-5716 www.ijcrims.com Volume 2, Issue 12 -2016 Case study DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2016.02.12.005 Extensor pollicis longus superficialis and extensor indicis superficialis, can they be considered as a new anatomical variation in the long extensors of fingers? Ahmed Farid Al-Neklawy, M.D. Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt E-mail: [email protected], Tel: 00201001850336 Running title: Two extra muscles for thumb and index fingers Abstract Background: Variations of anomalies of hand extensors have been described by many authors. These anomalies are often discovered during routine surgical procedures and cadaveric dissections. Being aware of such anomalies is important to the physician in order to avoid unintentional damage to healthy tendons during surgical procedures. In addition, accessory tendons have the potential to be used in the surgical repair or replacement of damaged tendons. We reported a cadaveric case with bilateral two additional superficial extensors to the thumb and index fingers with unique features. The names of extensor pollicis longus superficialis (EPL-S) and extensor indicis superficialis(EI-S) were proposed. Methods: A female cadaver was used in this study. Bilateral dissection of the forearm and wrist was done. Results: Two extra muscles were observed in the superficial group of the extensors of the forearm. They were situated between extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum muscles. Both muscles originated from the common extensor origin. -
Section 1 Upper Limb Anatomy 1) with Regard to the Pectoral Girdle
Section 1 Upper Limb Anatomy 1) With regard to the pectoral girdle: a) contains three joints, the sternoclavicular, the acromioclavicular and the glenohumeral b) serratus anterior, the rhomboids and subclavius attach the scapula to the axial skeleton c) pectoralis major and deltoid are the only muscular attachments between the clavicle and the upper limb d) teres major provides attachment between the axial skeleton and the girdle 2) Choose the odd muscle out as regards insertion/origin: a) supraspinatus b) subscapularis c) biceps d) teres minor e) deltoid 3) Which muscle does not insert in or next to the intertubecular groove of the upper humerus? a) pectoralis major b) pectoralis minor c) latissimus dorsi d) teres major 4) Identify the incorrect pairing for testing muscles: a) latissimus dorsi – abduct to 60° and adduct against resistance b) trapezius – shrug shoulders against resistance c) rhomboids – place hands on hips and draw elbows back and scapulae together d) serratus anterior – push with arms outstretched against a wall 5) Identify the incorrect innervation: a) subclavius – own nerve from the brachial plexus b) serratus anterior – long thoracic nerve c) clavicular head of pectoralis major – medial pectoral nerve d) latissimus dorsi – dorsal scapular nerve e) trapezius – accessory nerve 6) Which muscle does not extend from the posterior surface of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus? a) teres major b) infraspinatus c) supraspinatus d) teres minor 7) With regard to action, which muscle is the odd one out? a) teres -
Extensor Compartment of the Forearm: Deep Layer
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. Extensor Compartment of the Forearm: Deep layer DEEP LAYER OF EXTENSORS "true" deep layer Supinator o deep branch of radial nerve which pierces it on its way to transforming into the posterior interosseous nerve o originates from everywhere... the lateral humeral epicondyle, the radial collateral ligament, the annular ligament, the supinator fossa and the crest of ulna Attachments of the Supinator to the o inserts into the lateral posterior and anterior surfaces of Epicondyle of humerus the proximal third of radius Radial collateral ligament o it supinates the forearm, turning the arm to face anteriorly Annular ligament of radius Supinator and superiorly when the forearm is flexed. It is the Ulnar Supinator crest and fossa PRIME MOVER for slow unopposed suination Ulnar posterior surface o The supinator forms the floor of the cubital fossa together with brachialis. It is a sheet-like muscle, and it envelops the radius. Interosseous membrane Extensor Indicis o Posterior interosseous nerve o originates from the posterior surface of the distal third of the ulna, and the interosseous membrane Abductor pollicis longus o inserts into the extensor expansion of the index finger o extends the index finger, enabling independent extension o helps extend the hand at the wrist "outcropping" deep layer the Supinator wraps around the radius to insert into the anterior these originate from the proximal, middle and distal thirds of the ulna (as a surface of it. -
Shoulder Shoulder
SHOULDER SHOULDER ⦿ Connects arm to thorax ⦿ 3 joints ◼ Glenohumeral joint ◼ Acromioclavicular joint ◼ Sternoclavicular joint ⦿ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRIz6oO A0Vs ⦿ Functional Areas ◼ scapulothoracic ◼ scapulohumeral SHOULDER MOVEMENTS ⦿ Global Shoulder ⦿ Arm (Shoulder Movement Joint) ◼ Elevation ◼ Flexion ◼ Depression ◼ Extension ◼ Abduction ◼ Abduction ◼ Adduction ◼ Adduction ◼ Medial Rotation ◼ Medial Rotation ◼ Lateral Rotation ◼ Lateral Rotation SHOULDER MOVEMENTS ⦿ Movement of shoulder can affect spine and rib cage ◼ Flexion of arm Extension of spine ◼ Extension of arm Flexion of spine ◼ Adduction of arm Ipsilateral sidebending of spine ◼ Abduction of arm Contralateral sidebending of spine ◼ Medial rotation of arm Rotation of spine ◼ Lateral rotation of arm Rotation of spine SHOULDER GIRDLE ⦿ Scapulae ⦿ Clavicles ⦿ Sternum ⦿ Provides mobile base for movement of arms CLAVICLE ⦿ Collarbone ⦿ Elongated S shaped bone ⦿ Articulates with Sternum through Manubrium ⦿ Articulates with Scapula through Acromion STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT ⦿ Saddle Joint ◼ Between Manubrium and Clavicle ⦿ Movement ◼ Flexion - move forward ◼ Extension - move backward ◼ Elevation - move upward ◼ Depression - move downward ◼ Rotation ⦿ Usually movement happens with scapula Scapula Scapula ● Flat triangular bone ● 3 borders ○ Superior, Medial, Lateral ● 3 angles ○ Superior, Inferior, Lateral ● Processes and Spine ○ Acromion Process, Coracoid Process, Spine of Scapula ● Fossa ○ Supraspinous, Infraspinous, Subscapularis, Glenoid SCAPULA -
Biceps Tendonitis
A Patient's Guide to Biceps Tendonitis Introduction to the top of the shoulder socket, the glenoid. Biceps tendonitis, also called bicipital tendon- It also blends with the cartilage rim around itis, is inflammation in the main tendon the glenoid, the labrum. The labrum is a rim that attaches the top of the biceps muscle of soft tissue that turns the flat surface of the to the shoulder. The most common cause is glenoid into a deeper socket. This arrange- overuse from certain types of work or sports ment improves the fit of the ball that fits in the activities. Biceps tendonitis may develop socket, the humeral head. gradually from the effects of wear and tear, or it can happen suddenly from a direct injury. The tendon may also become inflamed in response to other problems in the shoulder, such as rotator cuff tears, impingement, or instability (described below). This guide will help you understand • what parts of the shoulder are affected • the causes of a biceps tendonitis • ways to treat this problem Beginning at the top of the glenoid, the tendon Anatomy of the long head of the biceps runs in front of What parts of the shoulder are affected? the humeral head. The tendon passes within The biceps muscle goes from the shoulder to the elbow on the front of the upper arm. Two separate tendons (tendons attach muscles to bones) connect the upper part of the biceps muscle to the shoulder. The upper two tendons of the biceps are called the proximal biceps tendons, because they are closer to the top of the arm.