Identity / Nonidentity in Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (1848–1922)

University of Groningen

Identity/Nonidentity in Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (1848-1922) Peijnenburg, Jeanne; Ostertag, Gary

Published in: The Encyclopedia of Concise Concepts by Women Philosophers

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Publication date: 2019

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Citation for published version (APA): Peijnenburg, J., & Ostertag, G. (2019). Identity/Nonidentity in Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (1848- 1922). In M. E. Waithe, & R. Hagengruber (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Concise Concepts by Women Philosophers Paderborn University. https://historyofwomenphilosophers.org/ecc/#hwps

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Download date: 28-09-2021 Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists Paderborn University, Germany

Identity / Nonidentity in Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (1848–1922)

Gary Ostertag & Jeanne Peijnenburg University of Groningen & City University of New York

According to E.E. Constance Jones, the most general form of an informative (or “significant”) categorical proposition is given by ‘S is P’ or ‘S is not P’. The proposition ‘S is P’ asserts “Identity in Diversity” (Jones 1890: ix). The identity applies to the denomination (denotation, extension) of S and P, the diversity to their determination or intension (see Intension/Extension). ‘S is P’ is uninformative if it asserts the identity of both the denomination and the determination (Jones 1890: 128, note 1; Jones 1893-1894: 37-38). The proposition’s nonidentity form ‘S is not P’ does not simply deny what the proposition ‘S is P’ asserts. One does not use this form to assert the mere “diversity” of intension: one uses it to assert, in addition, the distinctness of the denomination. It thus asserts difference both in “signification” (or intension)and in “application” (or extension) (Jones 1892: 23). Jones considers the Aristotelian propositions of the forms ‘All S are P’ , ‘No S are P’, ‘Some S are P’, ‘Some S are not P’ – which she calls ‘class-propositions’ – as a proper subset of her categorical propositions (Jones 1890: 198; Jones 1911b, pp. 25ff). She also takes her view of a significant categorical proposition to constitute a new law of thought (seeLaw of Significant Assertion), intending this law to replace the first of three fundamental laws of thought, viz. the Law of Identity (‘A is A’), which according to Jones is uninformative and renders impossible any passage to an informative A‘ is B’ (Jones 1911a, 1911b; cf. Ostertag 2011). Somewhat remarkably, however, she also regards the Law of Identity as “a necessary presupposition of all significant assertion [...] and even […] of thought itself” (Jones 1890: 40). The new law provides a straightforward formulation of the remaining two fundamental laws of thought, namely ‘S is P’ and ‘S is not P’ cannot both be true (Law of Noncontradiction)

How to cite this article: Jeanne Peijnenburg, Gary Ostertag & 2019. "Identity / Nonidentity in Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (1848–1922)", in Waithe, Mary Ellen & Hagengruber, Ruth (eds.): Encyclopedia of Concise Concepts by Women Philosophers. DOI: (DOI pending) [12|11|2019]. https://historyofwomenphilosophers.org/ecc/ 1/2 ‘S is P’ and ‘S is not P’ cannot both be false (Law of the Excluded Middle). Moreover, the law suggests a classiﬁcation of fallacies, dividing them into (a) those which identify what is diﬀerent and (b) those which distinguish what is identical (Jones 1890: 178-195; Jones 1911b: 68).

Primary Sources:

Jones, Emily Elizabeth Constance 1890. Elements of Logic as a Science of Propositions. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.

______1892. An Introduction to General Logic. London: Longman’s, Green, and Co.

______1893–94. Import Of Categorical Propositions.Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 2: 35–45.

______1911a. A New ‘Law of Thought’ and its Implications. Mind 20, 41–53.

______1911b. A New Law of Thought and Its Logical Bearings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Secondary Sources:

Ostertag, Gary. 2011. Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones,The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emily-elizabeth-constance-jones/ [10|04|2019].

Keywords: identity, nonidentity, denomination, determination, intension, assertion, Aristotle