Energy Efficiency Lighting Hearing Committee On
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S. HRG. 110–195 ENERGY EFFICIENCY LIGHTING HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION TO RECEIVE TESTIMONY ON THE STATUS OF ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHT- ING TECHNOLOGIES AND ON S. 2017, THE ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHT- ING FOR A BRIGHTER TOMORROW ACT SEPTEMBER 12, 2007 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 39–385 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:58 Feb 20, 2008 Jkt 040443 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 G:\DOCS\39385.XXX SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico, Chairman DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota LARRY E. CRAIG, Idaho RON WYDEN, Oregon LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota RICHARD BURR, North Carolina MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JIM DEMINT, South Carolina MARIA CANTWELL, Washington BOB CORKER, Tennessee KEN SALAZAR, Colorado JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, Arkansas GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont JIM BUNNING, Kentucky JON TESTER, Montana MEL MARTINEZ, Florida ROBERT M. SIMON, Staff Director SAM E. FOWLER, Chief Counsel FRANK MACCHIAROLA, Republican Staff Director JUDITH K. PENSABENE, Republican Chief Counsel (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:58 Feb 20, 2008 Jkt 040443 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\39385.XXX SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS Page Bingaman, Hon. Jeff, U.S. Senator From New Mexico ........................................ 1 California Energy Commission ............................................................................... 58 Domenici, Hon. Pete V., U.S. Senator From New Mexico .................................... 6 Harman, Hon. Jane, U.S. Representative From California ................................. 3 Karsner, Alexander, Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy ........................................................................... 9 Nadel, Steven, Executive Director, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy ................................................................................................................ 40 Pitsor, Kyle, Vice President, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Rosslyn, VA ........................................................................................................... 36 Salazar, Hon. Ken, U.S. Senator From Colorado .................................................. 2 Sanders, Hon. Bernard, U.S. Senator From Vermont .......................................... 2 Upton, Hon. Fred, U.S. Representative From Michigan ...................................... 7 Waide, Paul, Senior Policy Analyst, Energy Efficiency and Environmental Division International Energy Agency, Paris, France ...................................... 23 APPENDIX Responses to additional questions .......................................................................... 59 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:58 Feb 20, 2008 Jkt 040443 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\39385.XXX SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:58 Feb 20, 2008 Jkt 040443 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\39385.XXX SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA ENERGY EFFICIENCY LIGHTING WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2007 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:32 a.m. in room SD–366, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Jeff Bingaman, chairman, presiding. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JEFF BINGAMAN, U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW MEXICO The CHAIRMAN. Let’s go ahead and start the hearing. I apologize to everybody for the lateness of our beginning time. The Senate was having votes. I understand Senator Domenici and Senator Murkowski are on their way, but in order to expedite things, let me very briefly give a statement, and then call on our two Mem- bers of Congress to make their statements. They represent our first panel today. This is a hearing to take testimony of S. 2017, the Energy Effi- cient Lighting for a Brighter Tomorrow Act, and to review the sta- tus of emerging energy efficiency lighting technologies. S. 2017 establishes a process to begin the transformation of the U.S. lighting market by phasing out inefficient incandescent lamps and replacing them with more efficient technologies. In June, the Senate passed an energy bill. We included in there a sense of the Senate, Section 214, that said, ‘‘a provision that the Senate should pass a set of mandatory technology-neutral standards to establish energy efficient performance targets for lighting products, ensuring that the standards become effective within the next 10 years, en- sure that replacement lamps will provide consumers with the same quantity of light, while using significantly less energy, ensuring that consumers will continue to have multiple product choice, and work on measures than can assist consumers and businesses in making the transition to more efficient lighting.’’ S. 2017 was introduced last week with Senator Stevens, Carper, Snowe, Landrieu, and myself. It’s intended to meet the require- ments of that sense of the Senate provision. It was developed with the active participation of energy efficiency advocates and lighting manufactures. The House energy bill, S. 3221, includes a lighting provision with similar goals. These are complex provisions and I believe the witnesses are well-equipped to talk to us about some of the details of them. (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:58 Feb 20, 2008 Jkt 040443 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 G:\DOCS\39385.XXX SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA 2 This morning, we will first hear from Representative Jane Har- man and from Representative Fred Upton, who are the authors of the House provision. Following the House members, Assistant Sec- retary Karsner will provide the Administration’s view on the legis- lation and the status of the new energy efficient lighting tech- nologies. Finally we’ll hear from a panel of experts on lighting efficiency. I’m very pleased that Dr. Paul Waide is able to join us from the IEA in Paris. He is the resident expert on lighting for the OECD and he can place our efforts within the global context. Kyle Pitsor of NEMA, will represent the views of the U.S. lighting manufactur- ers. Steve Nadel of ACEEE will testify on behalf of several energy efficiency advocacy groups. [The prepared statement of Senator Salazar follows:] PREPARED STATEMENT OF HON. KEN SALAZAR, U.S. SENATOR FROM COLORADO Thank you Mr. Chairman and Ranking Member Domenici for holding today’s hearing on S. 2107, the Energy Efficient Lighting for a Brighter Tomorrow Act. I want to thank Chairman Bingaman for the work he and his staff did to introduce S. 2107. I also want to thank our witnesses for their time today, and our inter- national expert who traveled so far to be with us. The lighting we use in our homes today has changed little since the early 1900s. Most residential lighting is from inefficient incandescent light bulbs. It is estimated there are over 3 billion incandescent light bulbs in use in homes across our country today, and almost a billion incandescent light bulbs used in businesses. Incandes- cent light bulbs are energy inefficient because only about 10% of the power used by an incandescent light bulb goes to producing light, and the remaining 90% of the power is given off as heat. Improved lighting technology exists today that allows us to get the same amount of light using far less energy. By simply switching to a more energy-efficient com- pact fluorescent light bulb, we can use almost 75 percent less energy, and the light bulb will last ten times longer than the traditional incandescent light bulb. Energy efficiency is the quickest, cheapest, and cleanest way to extend our coun- try’s energy supplies. To date, most of our country’s efforts to encourage people to switch to more energy efficient lighting have been through voluntary programs like the Change a Light, Change the World campaign lead by the Environmental Protec- tion Agency. However, we can and must do more to speed the transition to more energy-effi- cient lighting technology. Based on Department of Energy data, 765 billion kWh of energy is used annually in the U.S. by lighting systems. Approximately 30% of the energy consumed in an office building is from lighting use, and 5–10% of residential energy use is for lighting. It is estimated that consumers and businesses spend ap- proximately $58 billion annually for lighting. Far too much energy is consumed today for lighting, especially in light of the fact that much more energy-efficient lighting exists today. While we do have the know-how to transition to more efficient lighting, there will be challenges for industry. I look forward to hearing from our witnesses today to learn how we can best make this transition to more efficient lighting. Changing the world does start with simple actions. I want to thank again Chair- man Bingaman and Ranking Member Domenici for holding today’s hearing on this important bill to change the way our nation lights its homes and businesses. [The prepared statement of Senator Sanders follows:] PREPARED STATEMENT OF HON. BERNARD SANDERS, U.S. SENATOR FROM VERMONT Chairman Bingaman,