1, HAlrit~IJPI'A organizations and information resources for Ontario 212

2, About the Ontario H"'lrlli'~I""'" Foundation 214

3, OHF standards for building conservation IU()Delcts 215

4, Local architectural conservation advisory committees {LACACs)j 216 Municipal heritage committees

5, Codes and regulations for conservation work in Ontario 217

6, Charters, glossaries and specialized references 218

Bibliography 220

Illustrations, sources and credits 232

Index 234 1

Sources for Ontario legislation, Architectural Conservancy of Ontario Canadian Oral History Association regulations and advisory publications Ontario Centre Box 2064, Station 0, Ottawa, Ontario KIP SW3 10 Adelaide Street East, Toronto, Ontario MSC 1J3 TEL: 233-9180; FAX: 230-8404 Government publications on-line TEL: 367-8075; FAX: (416) 947-8630 WEB: www.ualberta.ca/~fmillar/coha.htm WEB: pubont.stores.gov.on.ca/ WEB: www.hips.com/ACO pool/english Helps plan oral history projects, advising on Ad\'ocates for the protection and conservation of interview procedures and consent forms, locating Acts and regulations on-line Ontario's architectural and landscape heritage and archival deposits and previous and WEB: www.e-Iaws.gov.on.ca works to find economically viable uses for advising how to collected photos, Ontario's historical assets. documents, and interview transcripts.

Bookstores and mail-orders There are two Ontario government Archives of Ontario Community Heritage Ontario information bookstores. in Toronto and Ottawa, and a 77 Grenville Street, 300, Toronto, Ontario lvlSS 1B3 24 Conlins Road, Scarborough, Ontario :vIlC 1C3 network of private distributors. TEL: (416) 327-1600; TOLL-FREE (Ontario WEB: www.heritageontario.org 1-800-668-9933; FAX: (416) 327-1999 WEB: Provides a non-profit umbrella organization in www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/ WEB: www.archives.gov.on.ca publications/shopsite/index.html support of LACACs; advocates for heritage in Preserves and makes available the province's Ontario, encourages the development of LACACs, documentary heritage. Records from and promotes the identification, nrr>Qp11'V:4ti Toronto bookstore: 880 Bay Street (corner at Grosvenor). clubs and associations, labour and political interpretation and wise use of community heritage organizations, and private individuals complement )ocally, provincially and nationally. the official government records. Mail order service (province-wide): federal Heritage Building Review Office Canadian Association of Professional By telephone: 5th Floor 25 Hull, Quebec, K] A OMS (416) 326-5300 Heritage Consultants TEL: (819) 997-4045; FAX: 953-6146 Toll free in Ontario: PO Box 1023, Station F, Toronto, Ontario M4Y 2T7 1-800-668-9938 Established in the National Historic Sites E-MAIL: [email protected] By fax: Directorate of Parks Canada, Department of (416) 326-5317 Represents and furthers the professional interests Canadian FHBRO helps departments By mail: of heritage consultants active in both public and determine the heri tage character of their Publications Ontario, sectors. It provides a directory of Canadian and advises on how to care for them. 50 Grosvenor Street, Toronto. Ontario M7A lN8 professionals working in the field of heritage conservation and preservation in Canada. Heritage Canada foundation Ottawa bookstore: 161 Elgin 1 Observatory Crescent,Box 1358, Stn. B,Ottaw3, Street (Access Ontario. Ottawa Canadian Centre for Architecture Court House. Level 2) Ontario KIP SR4 Local mail order service, Ottawa: 1920 Baile Street, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2S6 TEL: (613) 237-1066; FAX: (613) 237-5987 TEL: (514) 939-7026; FAX: (514) 939-7020 E-MAIL: [email protected] By telephone: (613) 238-3630 WEB: www.cca.qc.ca/contents.html WEB: www.lleritagecanada.org Toll free (from area code 613): A museum and study centre devoted to the art of Protects and promotes this built, natural, 1-800-268-8758 architecture past and present. historic and scenic fosters and encourages By fax: the understanding, protection and sustainable (613) 566-2234 Canadian Conservation Institute evolution of the cultural landscape, in particular of By mail: the architectural heritage of that landscape. Access OntariO, 161 Elgin Street, 1030 Innes Road, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OMS Level 2, Ottawa. Ontario K2P 2Kl TEL: (613) 998-3721; FAX: (613) 998-4721 ICOMOS Canada WEB: www.cci-icc.gc.ca (International Committee on Monuments and Sites) Promotes the proper care and preservation of PO. Box 737, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario KIP 5R4 Canada's cultural heritage and to advance the TEL: (613) 749-0971; FAX: (613) 749-207] practice, science, and technology of conservation. E-MAIL: [email protected] WEB: www.icomos.org; WEB: canada.icomos.org Canadian Institute of Planners ICOlvlOS Canada is the Canadian National 116 Albert St., Suite 801, Ottawa, Ontario KIP SG3 Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites. As such, it is the focus of TEL: 1-800-207-2138; (613) 237-PLAN (7526) international culturall'esources in FAX: (613) 237-7045 Canada sharing preservation information and E-MAIL: [email protected] expertise worldwide. WEB: www.cip-icu.ca resources

Ontario Ministry of Culture Institute for Research in Construction Ontario Black History Society Within the provincial government, National Research Council of Canada ]0 Adelaide St. E., 202, Toronto, Ontario M5C advisory responsibilities for Ottawa, Ontario KIA OR6 TEL: (416) 867-9420; FAX: 867-8691 heritage conservation. including historic buildings, 11eritage TEL: 993-2607; fax: (613) 952-7673 WEB: www.blackhistorysociety.ca districts. archaeology, and local E·MAIL: Irc.Client·[email protected] Dedicated to the nl'c,~pl'vMl()n promotion, and museums, including technical WEB: www.cisti.nrc.ca/zone/irc advice and programs of financial study of Black history. assistance for community Provides building code development, and heritage projects. are currently materials evaluation services. IRC addresses Ontario Heritage foundation located in the Ministry of Culture. issues with economic Its programs and responsibilities See Appendix 2, next page. have been reorganized within the industry to innovate and develop last year. Printed materials and that are sage, durable and cost-effective. even internet resources about Ontario Museum Association heritage in Ontario may refer to earlier ministry names, which, for Multicultural History Society 50 Baldwin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T lL4 searcll purposes, invariably E., TEL: 348-8672; FAX: 348-0438 include the word "culture". 43 Queen's Park Cr. Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C3 TEL: 979-2973; FAX: (416) 979-7947 WEll: www.rnuseumsontario.com For current information about who does what, see the ministry web E-MAIL: [email protected] Advocates for museums and museum site: Fosters awareness of the multicultural nature of offers and educational WEB: www.culture.gov.on.ca/ Ontario's and Canada's history.lt works with leadership in the english/ culdiv/heritage communities, schools, cultural and DHC"",~w,."dnt of for the institutions to preserve, record and make accessible evolution of museums. Heritage Policy and Program archival and other material that demonstrate the Development Unit role of immigration and in Ontario Professional Planners Institute 4th floor, 400 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M7A 2R9 234 Ave. E., 201, Toronto, Ontario M4P 1K5 National Archives of Canada TEL: (416) 314·7136 TEL: (416) 483-]873; TOLL-FREE: 1-800-668-1448 FAX: (416) 314·7790 395 Wellington Ottawa, Ontario KIA ON3 FAX: 483-7830 Reference services, TEL: (613) 992-3884 E-MAIL: [email protected] Conservation Review Board WEll: www.archives.ca WEB: www.ontarioplanners.on.ca This Board hears appeals on Ontario affiliate of the Canadian Institute of matters of under Preserves Canada's archival and makes it Part IV of the Heritage available to Canadians through publications, Planners Act. events, as well as reference and 4th floor, 400 University Avenue. researcher services. The collections include millions Parks Canada: Historic Sites and Toronto. Ontario M7A 2R9 of records, texts, films, Monuments Board of Canada TEL: (416) 314·7137 maps, videos, books, KIA OMS a""''I'1nmpnr files, 25 Hull TEL: (819) 997- 4059; FAX: (819) 953-4909 Heritage Operations Unit WEll: www.parkscanada.gc.ca 4th floor. 400 University Avenue. Ontario Arc~haleoilo~£ic'lIl ~IOCliety Toronto. Ontario M7A 2R9 TEL: (416) 314·7148 11099 Bathurst St., Richmond Hill, Ontario L4C ON2 Professional Ontario TEL: (905) 787-9851; FAX: (905) 787-9852 TEL: (416) 314·7155 25 Sheppard Ave. West, Suite 1000,Toronto, Ontario WEll: www.ontarioarchaeology.on.ca FAX: (416) 314·7175 M2N 6S9 Promotes the ethical of TEL: 224-1100; TOLL-FREE (only in Ontario): Archaeological offices provides a coordinating role in 1-800-339-3716 London and preserve ollr non-renewable cultural FAX, TOLL-FREE in Ontario): 1-800-268-0496 FAX: (519) 675·7777 FAX: (416) 224-8168 Ottawa FAX: (613) 244·4282 Ontario Association of Architects WEB: www.peo.on.cajdefault.html Thunder Bay 111 Moatfield Drh'e,Toronto, Ontario M3B 3L6 Licenses Ontario's 62,000 profeSSional pnc,inF,pl'~ FAX: (807) 623·7926 TEL: (416) 449-6898; FAX: (4]6) 449-5756 and sets standards for and the "";lrtirnc E-MArL: [email protected] of WEB: www.oaa.on.ca A self-regulating organization promoting and increasing the knowledge, skill and proficiency of its and administering the Architects Act, in order that the public interest may be selyed and protected. About the OHF Built and cultural helrit:all!e Natural l1elrit~II!A

Ontario's heritage is living The Ontario Heritage Foundation (OHF) holds in The OHF helps to ensure that Ontario's legacy that helps us understand our past, provides context for tile trust for the of Ontario over 20 built and land present and influences our future, nn'nF>l'H,o~ with over 50 formations remain a part of our future, The For over 30 years, tile Ontario with 20,000 cultural artifacts and some 400,000 Foundation natural Foundation (OHF) has ~~,~,""'~'" artifacts, Over the years, with through donation and purchase, It also enters been to preserving, financial assistance from the private into conservation easement with protecting and promoting Ontario's rich and varied heritage, sector and individuals, extensi\'e conservation owners to natural The Foundation is a not-for-profit work has been undertaken on these features, Protected land includes the habitats of agency of the government of and collections, rare Carolinian Ontario, It is guided by a wetlands, sensitive features of the Oak voluntary Board of Directors who many of its properties in Moraine, nature reserves on the Canadian Shield silare an interest and and commitment to heritage and the preservation, groups that manage the sites and them for visitors, For example, at The Escarpment extends north for 725 Fulford Place in a dedicated group of kilometres from Queenston in the The Foundation's legal mandate and volunteers serve as docents and tour Sir Peninsula to at the tip of the Bruce authority are spelled out in the Ontario Heritage Act, R,S,O, 1990, Oakes Chateau is home to the Kirkland Peninsula, Through a partnership with the Bruce c, 0,18, Part II, Lake Museum of Northern Volunteer Trail Association (BTA), the Foundation holds groups Barnum HOllse near Grafton and For more information about its title to many properties on the Bruce Trail. The activities, contact the OHF directly: Macdonell-Williamson House at Pointe Fortune BTA manages the sites through local clubs, Ontario Heritage Foundation as seasonal house museums, Thousands of 10 Adelaide Street East visitors each year educational tours of the Community involvement Toronto, Ontario 1V15C 1J3 historic and Winter Garden Theatres in TEL: (416) 325-5015 Toronto, conducted by volunteer tour The OHF demonstrates its commitment to FAX: (416) 314 0744 public awareness of the importance of E,MAIL: heritage conservation by: Helribll!e conservation easements ma rketi ng@lleritagefdn,on,ca .:. providing public access to many of its WEB: www.heritagefdn.on.ca Conservation easements are voluntary properties; between heritage property owners .:. recognizing individuals for significant and the OHF that protect significant features of accomplishment in local heritage preservation the The terms of the easement are through its annual Heritage Community on the title to the property and apply Recognition Program; to the donor and all future owners, Easements .:. promoting the contributions of children and allow the OHF to protect heritage sites without youth in heritage preservation through the owning them, They also offer conservation­ Donating to the Foundation Young Heritage Leaders recognition program; minded Ontarians the opportunity to protect in The OHF welcomes financial gifts perpetuity the heritage value of the property they .:. distributing its nevvslettel~ in support of its work, In addition to gifts of cash, the OHF accepts own, The OHF holds over ]80 conservation donations of land and buildings easements throughout the province, Most protect .:. producing an informative and educational property that are significant to significant architectural features on heritage web site; the heritage of the province and structures, but an number are being cultural artefacts related to its .:. hosting special events such as plaque properties, Conservation used to protect endangered natural heritage and U1weilings and open houses; easements on built or natural archaeological sites, .:. sharing expertise through workshops, heritage properties are also considered to be donations, seminars, conferences and special publications Charitable tax receipts are issued Historical plaques advising others on conservation projects; for all monetary gifts and for the .:. promoting archaeological digs at OHF full appraised value of gifts of The provincial plaque program is the OHF's oldest property and heritage and perhaps best-known activity, Since 1956, over properties and documenting significant conservation easements, 1,100 distinctive blue and gold provincial plaques archaeological work in the AI111ual have been erected across Ontario, These provincial Archaeological Report, Ontario, and the Ontario plaques commemorate people, places, and events Arc/wea/ogienl Reports; of significance in Ontario's history. Community .:. celebrating Heritage Week in Ontario each organizations and individuals interested in February, sponsoring plaques may apply to the OHE Sponsors are encouraged to share the cost of producing and installing the plaque, Adopted as policy by the 1 Building conservation projects shall be undertaken only on the basis of a responsible and Ontario Heritage Foundation, sufficient investigation of the historical and architectural aspects of the existing building September 1985. and site.

2 The existing state of the building and site shall be recorded before a project is undertaken, and changes made in the course of a project shall be properly documented in relation to that record.

3 Repair and reconstruction activities shall be phased and managed to protect and respect the historic fabric of the building.

4 reasonable effort shall be made to provide a compatible use for a which requires minimal alteration of the building or site in its environment, or to use a property for its originally intended purpose.

5 The distinguishing original qualities or character of a building or site in its environment shall not be destroyed. The removal or alteration of any historic material or distinctive architectural features should be avoided whenever possible.

6 All buildings and sites shall be recognized as products of their own time. Alterations having no historical basis that seek to blur the distinction between the historic and new portions of the project shall be discouraged.

7 Changes that may have taken place in the course of time are evidence of the history and development of a building or site and its environment. Whenever these changes have acquired significance in their own right, they shall be recognized and respected.

8 Distinctive stylistic features or examples of skilled craftsmanship which chartlcterize a building or site shall be retained and Additional work shall complement and sympathetically enhance the distinctive historic features of the building.

9 Deteriorated architectural features shall be repaired rather than replaced wherever possible. In the event replacement is necessary, the selection of new materials should be treated with sensitivity.

10 The surface cleaning of buildings shall be undertaken only with the gentlest means possible. Sandblasting and other cleaning methods that needlessly erode or damage the historic fabric of the building shall not be undertaken.

11 Every reasonable effort shall be made to protect and preserve archaeological resources affected by or adjacent to the project.

12 Contemporary design for alterations or additions to existing properties shall not be discouraged when such alterations and additions do not destroy significant historical, architectural, or cultural material, and when such design is compatible with the size, scale, colour, material, and character of the property, neighbourhood or environment.

13 Whenever possible, new additions or alterations to buildings shall be done in such a manner that if such additions or alterations were to be removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the building would be unimpaired. (LACACs}/Municipal h

Throughout this book are Algoma Hastings Nipissing Stormont, Dundas & references to local architectural Bruce Mines (Town) Belleville (City) North Bay (City) Glengarry conservation advisory Laird (Twp.) Cornwall (City) committees, established by that Prince (Twp.) Huron Northumberland North Dundas (Twp.) name in 1973 in the Ontario Sault Ste. Marie (City) Bluewater (Mun.) Alnwick-Haldimand North Glengarry (Twp.) Heritage Act, and generally known Goderich (Town) (Twp.) South Glengarry (Twp.) by the acronym LACAC. As this edition went to press, the Ontario Brant Huron East (Mun.) Brighton (Twp.) government renamed these Brantford (City) Cobourg (Town) Thunder Bay bodies municipal heritage County of Brant (Mun.) Kent Cramahe (Twp.) Thunder Bay (City) committees, presumably Chatham-Kent (Mun.) Hamilton (Twp.) recognizing that conservation of Bruce Port Hope (Town) Timiskaming arcllitecture is not the only local Arran-Elderslie (Twp.) Lambton Trent Hills (Mun.) Latchford (Town) heritage concern. It is likely that Kincardine (Mun.) Petrolia (Town) Kirkland Lake (Town) both appellations will be in side- Saugeen Shores (Town) Sarnia (City) Ottawa by-side use for a few years to Ottawa (City) Toronto come. Dufferin Lanark Toronto (City) The list is organized in Mono (Twp.) Carleton Place (Town) Oxford alphabetical order by larger Orangeville (City) Mississippi Mills (Town) Norwich (Twp.) Victoria municipal scale, thus: Lanark Highlands (Twp.) Tillsonburg (Town) Kawartha Lakes (City) County jRegionjDistrict Durham Perth (Town) Woodstock (City) Municipality Ajax (Town) Smiths Falls (Town) Waterloo Clarington (Town) Parry Sound Cambridge (City) The list is current to November, Oshawa (City) Leeds & Grenville Parry Sound (Town) Kitchener (City) 2002 and is subject to change. For current listings, as well Pickering (City) Brockville (City) North Dumfries (Twp.) contact information for individual Uxbridge (Twp.) Elizabethtown-Kitley Peel Waterloo (City) committees, see the provincial Whitby (Town) (Twp.) Brampton (City) Wellesley (Twp.) web site: Leeds & the Thousand Caledon (Town) Wilmot (Twp.) WEB: www.culture.gov.on.ca/ Elgin Islands (Twp.) Mississauga (City) englisll/Culdiv/heritage/lacac.htm Aylmer (Town) Merrickville-Wolford Wellington Central Elgin (Mun.) (Village) Perth Centre Wellington (Twp.) St. Thomas (City) North Grenville (Twp.) St. Marys (Town) Guelph (City) Rideau Lakes (Twp.) Stratford (City) Guelph-Eramosa (Twp.) Ontario Heritage Properties Essex West Perth (Twp.) Puslinch (Twp.) Database Amherstburg (Town) Lennox & Addington WEB: Windsor (City) Loyalist (Twp.) Peterborough York www.culture.gov.on.ca/english/ Peterborough (City) Aurora (Town) culdiv/heritage/hpd.htm Frontenac Middlesex East Gwillimbury (Town) Kingston (City) London (City) Prescott & Russell Georgina (Town) Southwest Middlesex Hawkesbury (Town) King (Twp.) Grey (Mun.) Markham (Town) Owen Sound (City) Thames Centre (Mun.) Prince Edward Newmarket (Town) Prince Edward County Richmond Hill (Town) Haldimand-Norfolk Muskoka (Mun.) Vaughan (City) Haldimand County Huntsville (Town) Whitchurch-Stouffville (Mun.) Muskoka Lakes (Twp.) Renfrew (Town) Norfolk County (Mun.) Arnprior (Town) Niagara Halton Fort Erie (Town) Simcoe Burlington (City) Grimsby (Town) Barrie (City) Milton (Town) Lincoln (Town) Collingwood (Town) Oakville (Town) Niagara Falls (City) Midland (Town) Halton Hills (Town) Niagara-on-the-Lake New Tecumeth (Town) (Town) Orillia (City) Hamilton Pelham (Town) Penetanguishene (Town) Hamilton (City) Port Colborne (Town) Springwater (Twp.) St. Catharines (City) Tay (Twp.) Thorold (City) Weiland (City) West Lincoln (Town) in Ontario

Printed copies of Ontario Construction and building rehabilitation Labour maintains a network of site offices around legislation, regulations and the for inspection, investigation and advisory publications are The Ontario Building Code governs almost all technical advice. Information is available through availablefrom Publications construction activities, and contains special the Occupational Health and Branch,400 Ontario: see Appendix 1, provisions (in Parts 3, 9, and 11) for construction in 1 page 212, University Avenue, 7th floor, Toronto M7 A T7; existing buildings, as well as for accessibility for TOLL-FREE: 1-800-268-8013; From time to time, the provincial government ministry responsible the disabled that may affect old-building work. The WEB: WWW.gov.on.ca:80jlabjohsjlLohse.htm. for heritage matters (currently the Code is administered by local officials. To start Ministry of Tourism, Culture and with, contact the local building inspector or Environmental protection Recreation) makes available building department of your municipality. For advisory and technical further information about the Building Code, For the most part, conservation work does not publications on specialized conservation topics, such as contact the Housing Development and Buildings create hazardous waste or effluent but in some cemetery conservation (see Branch, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and cases, such as the rehabilitation of old industrial or below on this page), For more Housing, 777 Bay Street, 2nd flOOl~ Toronto mining sites, projects may expose long-hidden information and updates, see M5G 2E5, TEL: (416) 585-6666; FAX: (416) toxic materials. The Environmental Protection Act WEB: www.culture.gov.on.ca/ WEB: obc.mah.gov.on.ca. englishjculdivjheritage. requires great care to be taken on such sites. For information (including the location of Appeals on Code matters are dealt with by the offices) contact the Investigations and Building Code Commission, Ministry of Municipal Branch, of the Environment, 5775 Affairs and Housing, 777 Bay Street, 2nd Street, 8th floor, North York Ontario M2M 4J1; Toronto M5G 2E5; TEL: (416) 585-6503; TEL: (416) 326-6700; FAX: (416) 326-5256; FAX: (416) 585-7531 WEB: www.ene.gov.on.cajenvisionjorgjop.htm. Electrical work is regulated the Ontario Where masonry cleaning involves the use and Electrical Safety Code, administered the disposal of toxic chemicals, special environmental Electrical Safety Authority, a public agency that approvals for the work may be required by the assumed the electrical inspection responsibilities of local municipality. Ontario Hydro in 1999. The ESA has several regional offices providing technical services. The main office is at 155A Matheson Blvd. W, Archaeological licensing Suite 202, Mississauga, Ontario L5R 3L5; Archaeological exploration in Ontario must be TEL: (905) 712-7881; FAX: (905) 507-4572; authorized by a licence issued by the Minister of WEB: www.esainspection.net. Tourism, Culture and Recreation under the Ontario Heritage Act, Part VI (see COllservation 111 Fire safety law and Arclweological illld For information on licensing, contact the The Ontario Fire Code (0. Reg. 388/97) enables Ministry's Heritage Operations Unit, 4th floor, officials to inspect, issue orders, and in certain 400 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M7 A cases to require the upgrading or retrofit of fire 2R9; TEL: (416) 314-7148; FAX: (416) 314-7175. The safety features in existing buildings. Such Ministry also has archaeological advisers in upgrading may often overlap with work under the offices in London [FAX: (519) 675-7777], in Ottawa Building Code. Matters of fire safety in older [FAX: (613) 244-4282], and in Thunder Bay buildings are dealt with by local fire departments [FAX: (807) 623-7926]. See also WEB: and, as required, by the Office of the Fire Marshal www.culture.gov.on.cajenglishjculdivj (5775 Yonge Street, 7th Floor, Toronto M2M 4J1; heritagej archlic.htm. TEL: (416) 325-3100; FAX: (416) 325-3126; as well as regional offices (for an up-to-date list, see WEB: www.gov.on.ca:80jOFMjindex2.html). Cemetery conservation Appeals to fire safety orders are referred to the Fire Human remains uncovered in the course of Safety Commission (same address; TEL: (416) 325- conservation or archaeological exploration must be 3200); WEB: www.gov.on.ca:80jOFMjfcc.htm. dealt with under the Cemeteries Act, and may well Historic buildings often require life safety studies. require police investigation before anything else See: www.gov.on.ca:80jOFMjguidetec/lssguide.htm. may be done on the site. For information, contact the Cemeteries Regulation Unit, Ministry of Consumer and Business Services, 32nd floor, Occupational health and safety 250 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N5; Construction work, even on small projects, can be TEL: (416) 326-8393; TOLL-FREE: 1-800-268-1142; hazardous, and site safety is accordingly regulated FAX: (416) 326-8406. by the government under the Occupational Health See also WEB: www.culture.gov.on.cajenglishj and Safety Act (0. Reg. 213/91). The Ministry of culdivjheritagejcemcult.htm. The language of conservation Glossaries for conservation The subtitle to this book uses For planning and general conservation terms, The follovving index to bibliographical sources "architectural conservation" as the subject for its principles and the most convenient single sources are augments the references throughout the main practical advice. But this term BUCH96, MADD85 and MADD90, which contain text. does not make a seal definitions for many terms of planning, around buildings land-use Chronology and regional variation (history planning, landscape architecture, financing and law applicable to heritage and geography): ARTH86, CAWK89, CONZ93, the archaeology of history and conservation efforts. pre-history, and even local politics DEAN98,DEL086,DEND78,DEND86,ENNA98, are all essential to conserving For historical styles and simple building GENT93,GURCS7,HARDS7,KALM94,KALMOO, architectural heritage. This book elements the readily available "field guides" MART88, MCHU89, SIMM89, SIMM92, SIMM92a, puts architecture at the centre of attention simply because the real include POPP83 (a good but elementary STRI91, WINE91, KERR90. work of conserving places and glossaryt BLUM77 (a thorough visual Types and styles: BLUM90, BROS80, CAME80, communities takes place one dictionary of terms in context with styles), building at a time, the work of a CLER84, ENNA98, FLEM91, GEBH96, GIBB84, and FLEM91 (most comprehensive, but few people at a time, and a few GOWA92, HUNT82, LESS72, MAIT90, MAIT92, decisions at a time, adding up in weighted to Britain and Europe). BRAY80 has MOUD86, NAB089, NEWE88, PLUN90, RICH90, increments over time. an excellent systematic lexicon of descriptive "Heritage conservation", a much SERR88, THII87, TURN90, WELL86, WRIG84. terms. CHIT85 and STRA86 permit deeper more general term, is used more IDEN88, MACR85, PEAR89, PRIC96, generally and freely to cover understanding of Classical elements, orders Evaluation: almost any material product of a and proportions. RENY91. culture. "Cultural conservation" is broader still, bringing into Glossaries specific to Ontario include MACR63, Assessment: BACH92, BURN89, COLL86, question the maintenance of so­ MACR75 and MACR83, each with a cogent DEAN81, GARN85, LERN91, STAV90, WHIT90. called intangible characteristics like languages and social glossary tailored to a building type. Though Archaeology: KERB94, REIL92, SMIT91. practices particular to a group of focused on Prince Edward County, CRUI84 has people or to a geographical a visual catalogue useful for rural architecture Environment: ASHW90, ATT089, BOWS78, community. Of course, BROW90, BYRTOO, CLAY87, COHE99, COLL86a, neighbourhoods, habitats. and of most types in southern Ontario. The COPP95, FRIE89, GOLD82, HIGU88, HOUG90, environments are all Toronto styles in MCHU89 and the London "conservable" . JAC061, KOST91, KRIE91, LAMM89, LARK96, styles in TAUS86 are applicable to many other In the United States. "historic southern Ontario towns and cities. LESS91, MIDD87, PANESO, PICK96, SMAR86, preservation" is often used in STOK89,STOK97,YAR089. much the same way to refer to While many recent books about historic architectural or heritage Design: ALEX79, BROA90, CANT89, CLAR85, conservation. hOllses define terms, styles and elements, by CUNN9S, FIRE89, HEDM84, HIGH87, RENY91, In the many statements of far the most comprehensive remains MCAL84, ROBE89, SHEP89, SHOS89, SIMM89a, SMEA90, principle about conserving the an excellent visual glossary; WALK81 is more material products of the past, TUGN87, WARR9S. basic but still usefuL LONG87 remains the most often constructed as "charters". the words may vary (even within straightforward guide to types and styles for Project management: ASHF89, HCPC94, this book), both because of the main-street architecture. The most ambitious MICHS8, QUAL89, SPEN98, WURM92. malleability of the English catalogue for all North American building language and the necessities of Building site: ANS097, BIRN94, CUTl89, GOWA92, translations to and from other types and styles is but see as well FAVR91, ROGE87. languages. ENNA98, KALM94 and KALMOO. The evolution of conservation Structure: CONSS9, DUVA90, HCPC94, HIGH91, terminology is tied to its The most thorough and readily available KASAS8,KASA88a, ROBS91,WOOD86. philosophical and political dictionary of technical architectural and development in different places ARTH82, ARTH85, ASHU88, BElL83, building terms is HARR75. Comprehensive Exterior: at different times, especially in BIOW77, DUFAS7, HCPC94, LENC82, LITC91, relation to theories of technical manuals for conservation that LOND88, SIMM89b, SIMM91. architecture and planning. For contain extensive glossaries are HCPC94, more extensive coverage of this, FEIL82, FEIL94, and STAH84. Good glossaries Interior: APTIOO, LITC91, SHIV90, SIMM90a, see BRAN94, JOKI99, MURT97, and PRIC96. for special areas within conservation may be SIMM90b. found in CHAM80 (archaeology), BEAL87 Utilities and energy conservation (and (masonry), STAG76 (plastering) and PARR85 moisture): BRUN90, GRAT74, KAY92. (painting and interior finishes). New construction: BOWS78. BYAR98

Maintenance: COUN73, HCPC94, JOHNS5, NELS91, VERH88.

Ways and means: HART92, HUTT97, KING98. frem::h-ianguage sources Selected conservation 1996 More conservation charters and declarations Sofia Charter for the protection information on the Internet A French-language edition of WeI/­ and management of the preserved is in print, through tile Tile listed charters are products underwater cultural heritage Below are active on-line same publisller: Conserver, un of meetings of experts about: (1) information resources and links savoir-faire (FRAM93). tile conservation of and 1999 to a wealth of information places in general; (2) Charter on international cultural complementing this entire book The units of the categories of material heritage on tourism (current to August 2001). Web provincial of Tourism, the ground; or (3) general 1999 sites and e-mail addresses may Culture and Recreation have in charters for a country or region, Principles for the preservation of the past compiled French­ be reasonably stable as tile to aelapt and tailor international historic timber structures Internet matures. but it is not language references of technical language to a national culture. possible to guarantee this. nature. and can provide 1999 information about tlleir current Strictly speaking, such charters Mexico Charter on the built availability as well as technical have little direct utility in figuring vernacular heritage Foundation: Heritage Links publications from the federal out proper techniques or government and the province of materials. Rather, these """"'''" ...... " ... and declarations WEB: Quebec. (See Appendix 1 for documents embody shared of ICOMOS symposia www.heritagecanada.org/eng/ contact information.) links/general.html wisdom from conservation 1967 professionals who Ilave had to For a bilingual glossary of terms, Norms of Quito: make such decisions, and have Services, see FEIL82 and BUTT81. (though on the preservation and learneci important lessons from United States National Park both are European in emphasis). utilization of monuments and their experiences both Service The province of Quebec has sites of artistic and historical successes and failures. produced an exhaustive French­ value. WEB: www2.cr.nps.gov/ English dictionary for While all of these exist in printed 1982 Preservation Briefs construction, CONS82a. form, they are hard to find. In Declaration of Dresden: WEB: www2.cr.nps.gov/tps/ recent years. ICOMOS (see on monuments damaged or The following bibliography briefs/ presbhom .htm Appendix 1) has assembled destroyed in wartime. provides a quick visual indication these texts and links to other identifying the Visual Character of non-English sources, whether 1993 documents that speCialized of Historic Buildings bilingual French-English or French Colombo Resolution: teams have produced on behalf WEB: www2.cr.nps.gov/tps/ only (and occasionally Spanish). on guidelines for education and of their professional and character/welcome.htm which are marked with a solid training in the conservation of geographic communities. symbol (+), while all other entries monuments, ensembles and Electronic Rehab: An interactive are marked with an open symbol Tilese and related texts are sites. web class on the Secretary of (v). published on the Internet at 1994 the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation WEB: www.icomos.org. Nara Document on authenticity: on cultural and heritage diversity, WEB: www2.cr.nps.gov/e-reI1ab The first international charter values and authentiCity. Caring for Your Historic Building: 1996 The Good Guides 1931 Declaration of San Antonio: Athens Charter for the WEB: www2.cr.nps.gov/tps/ on authenticity and preservation care/sitemap.htm restoration of historic in the Americas. monuments Adopted by the first Cultural Resource Management - International Congress of 1998 Home The Stockholm Declaration: Architects and Technicians of WEB: www.cr.nps.gov/crm Historic Monuments. on the right to cultural heritage. Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Ch,art,Il!rS adopted by the adopted by ICOMOS national committees Engineering Record General Assembly of ICOMOS (HABS/HAER), National Park 1964 1981 Service Venice Charter: International Burra Charter: WEB: www.cr.nps.gov/habshaer charter for the conservation and Charter for the conservation of restoration of monuments and places of cultural significance Cyburbia Internet Resources for sites Australia ICOMOS the Built Environment Other ICOMOS charters are 1982 WEB: www.cyburbia.org "supplements" to the Venice Deschambault Declaration: Charter, which remains the formal Charter for the preservation of The main site offers access to constitution for international Quebec's heritage dozens of categories of conservation. ICOMOS Canada information on architecture and urban planning; search through 1982 1983 "historic preservation". Florence Charter on Historic Appleton Charter for the Gardens protection and enhancement of Preservation Internet Resources 1987 the built environment WEB: www.ncptt.nps.gov/pir/ Washington Charter on the ICOMOS Canada conservation of historic towns 1992 Web sites, listservs, usenet and urban areas Charter for the conservation of groups and other online electronic resources, maintained 1990 places of cultural heritage value by the National Center for Lausanne Charter for the ICOMOS New Zealand Preservation Technology and protection and management of Training (USA). the archaeological heritage Conservation in print: ACAD99 + Academia de Centros APTIOO + Associa tion for ASHU88 Ashurst, bibliographic note Hist6ricos (Mexico). Los celllrUB Preservation Technology Ashurst. Practical hist6ricos en Illlesiro 1. ed. International, and Canadian CO/lservalioll, VolJlllle While the essential principles and Mexico, D.E: Sociedad I\/lc,v,,'""'~ Conservation Institute. Tile Terraeottll Earll!. New York: practices for conserving de Estadistica: Halsted Press, 1988. buildings, towns and landscapes 1999. ASHW90 have remained constant, many new sources of specific of Ontario. Toronto conservation advice and Branch. Term Cotlo­ technique have appeared in print Deceivers. [Toronto, Ont.]: since the initial publication of Toronto Architectural Well'preserved. These are 1990. accompanied by a wealth of historical and architectural ARCR85 + L'architecture ('n studies in Canada and the United and Prevention. Paris: Ministere de States, from local to continental, Boston: Butterworth Scientific, 1985. til at adds to the understanding of 1989. ARTH72 Arthur, Eric, Dudley what is architecturally significant Witney. The Bl7m: A . in many different and Llll/dlllark ill North AII/erica. irreplaceable ways. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, The revised and expanded 1972. BACH92 Bachmann, KOl1stanze, bibliography includes many of ed. COllsermtioll COllcems: A ARTH82 Arthur, Eric, Thomas these new sources, together with Collectors alld Cllmtors. Ritchie. lrol1: Casland some older items of renewed DC: Smithsonian IAIIlh1l1gcIllcIlf elllrlilmislI/c ; les tiJe Sevcl/lcCI1!iJ value. Nevertheless, even this Toronto: expanded listing remains far from miliellx ellellrs COIllPOSl7lltcs Quebec: Les complete. London: du Quebec, 1991. ARTH85 • Arthur, Eric, Thomas Non,English sources, whether AlANOO Alanen, Arnold R., and Ritchie. Lc cl bilingual French,English or French BAKE83 Baker, Dm'id. Robert l'vlelnick. PresCI"villg only (and occasionally Spanish), with tIle ClI/llIml il1 AlI/criCl/. si£'C/c Ii PlIst. Bedford, Uf(: are marked with a solid symbol Quebec: Baker, 1983. (+), while all otiler entries are 1985. marked with an open symbol «». ARTH86 ArthUl~ Eric. Torollto: In order to harmonize with the (third edition, reference codes in the main text, Alexander, ('I',,.i,,,,,,,h,,",,, revised A.Otto). there are occasionally listings for Sara Ishikawa, et a!. A Pl1l1cm Toronto: of Toronto both older and newer editions of Tbwl1S, Press, 1986. some books. COllstmetioll. New York: ARTl85 Alexandra, John In,v",'",I\! Press, 1977, Martin Robinson. The New AlEX79 rlolldbook, London: Press, 1985. of Toronto Press, in association with the Canadian Public Works Association,1988. BAll88a AMEN83 + L IIlI1ClI/l(T!'IIl!'1 + Ball, Norman, ed. Brltir Histoire des tmvillIX 1111 Cllllado. ivlontreill: 1988. BANKOO Banks, Kimball M., Lilies Linea Sundstrom, and Plains IIlld Native

Press, 1997,

A

Tombs!on!'s. Buildings, 1977. Toronto: Citizenship, ASHU83 Ashurst, John. Morltll's, Culture and Recreation, 1997. Plasters lind Rellders in COJlservaliol1. London: Barbara. Barthel, Diane L. Ecclesiastical Architects and Protectioll Hisloric Preservatioll: Collectil'c Surveyors Assoc., 1983. IIlId Historical Idelltillj. ASHU84 Ashurst, John, Francis New N.J.:' G. Dimes. Stone in Buildil1g: Its University Press,1996. Usc and Potclltial London: BAXT86 Baxter, Alan, Stone Federation, Associates. Structural RCIIOVl7lioll London: Beall, Christine. BLAN89 + Blanchet, Jean. BRIN92 Brinkerhoff, Parson, BURN89 Burns, John A., ed. and Detailing for de IlI1IseologielGlassart/ of and Louis G. Silvano (ed.). Bridge Recording Historic Structures. Engineers, and Builders. Mllseolaglf. (Bulletin de and Rehauilitation: A Washington, DC: AJA Press, 1989. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987. terminologie 188). Ottawa: Practical Guide. New York: John BUSC87 0 Busch, Akiko. The BECK80 Becker, Norman. The Minister of Supply and Services, Wiley, 1992. Photography New Book of Home Illspectioll. 1989. BROA90 Broadbent, York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, McGraw-HiII,1980. Bland, Sidney R Elllerging in Urban Space 1987. BEGH98 + Beghain, Patrice. Le Charleston's Past, Desigl1. London: Van Nostrand patrillloil1e: CIIltlire et lien social. Future: The and Reinhold (International), 1990. Bibliothegue du Citoyen. [Paris]: Frosl.2nd BROL82 Brolin, Brent, Jean Presses de Science Po, 1998. of Richards. Sourcebook of South Carolina Press, BELL83 Bell, Quentin. Architectural Omalllellt. New A Practical BLUM77 0 Blumenson, John J.-G. York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Chatto & Alllerican Architecture. 1982. AASLH,1977. Windus, 1983. BRON86 + Broner, Kaisa. New Ill/d BELL85 Bell, Charlotte R BLUM90 Blumenson, John J.-G. Ie sectellr Norton, 1998. Federal Historic Prescrvatioll Case Ol1tario Architecture: A Guide to Bruxelles: BYRTOO Bvrtl1s, Nancv, Mark 1784 Law. Washington, DC: and Building Terllls, to .,," uUhU' 1986. Fram, and Michael McClelland, the Present. Markham: Council on Historic Preservation, Brooks, Alan. Dn/ eds. EastlVvest: A Guide 10 Where 1985. and Whiteside, 1990. S/(J/1C Wallillg: A Practical . Live in Dowl/lowl/ Toronto. BENN79 Benn, Bruce, Deepak Conservation HllIIdbook. London: Toronto: Coach House Books, Karma, Marc Denhez. How to British Trust for Conservation 2000. Renovatiol1s. Ottawa: Volunteers, 1977. CAME80 • Cameron, Christina, Canada, 1979. BROS80 Brosseau, Mathilde. Janet Secol/d E1l1pi/'(~ ill Architecture I Le BENT85 Bentlev, Ian, Alan Gothic Revival ill Canadiall Alcock, Paul Mllrrain, et a!. Borchers, Perry E. Arc/lilectllre I Le dalls i'tlrchitecturc Photogmlllllletric of 1111 cill/adielll/I'. Ottawa: Parks l"·.WllII"'lUC Envirol1l1lellts: A dalls i'arcliitcctllre Canada, 1980. Mallllal for London: Cultural Resources. Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1980. DC: US 11"""Hhn"onl Architectural 1985. The CANT89 Cantacllzino, Sherban. Interior RI'~architectllrc: old France et BOWS78 Bowsher, Alice IIses. New York: 1989. la cOllservl1tioll: Vade llIeCliIll Meriwether. Historic Districls: CAPP86 Lome. Wil1dow of BIOW77 Bidwell, T.G., Robert ]986. G.D. Brown, Tile COllservalioll of W. Brick The Repair, BOWY79 Allemtioll Res/omtioll Brickwork. Winkfield, UK: Association, 1977. Science.; 23. Amsterdam; York: Elsevier, 1998. BINN82 Marcus, Kit BOWY80 Martin. Tile HOllse: en) Be CAR582 London: BUCH96 Bucher, Ward, and or Not Tb Be. London: SAVE Christine Madrid. Britain's 1982. 1980.

BUC076

Laildscape PrescrVIII iOI1 7i'1lces: COl/scrmtioll iI/ 7i)((!IISL'l/d New "n)[J!II. Toronto: of Culture and CART83a • Carter, Faire 1976. deE' rechfrches sur II'S Preservation Assistance Division al/cicl/s. Ottawa: Parks Canada, Historic Initiative, Canada (CIHB), 1980. BUIL77 Buill El/virol/lIlC111. How 1983. 1994. to COl/duct El/virolllllClltal BRAY80a • R, S. Dale, W. Educatiol/ 1AI,,,+cI,,,,,c CART83b Carter, ed. R. Guide dc Calladial/ Court de {'architecture Ottawa: Environment Park, Canada-Parks, 1983. BLAC81. Blackburn, Graham. An CART89 Carter, Thomas, lIIuslmted Calendar Bernard L. Herman, cds. JJ",·",,',-h7'PQ ill VCrllawlllr 111. Columbia, MO: of Vlissouri Press, 1989. in Cawker, Ruth. 1952. BLAK69 Olle Hundred Ymrs of iI/ Ol/Iario. Toronto: Ontario Association of Architects, Toronto Press, 1969. 1989. CENT86 Centaur Associates. CMHC82a New CONS82 COl1servation CUlL90a • Cullen, Mary. Les Tips for a11 Energy Efficiel1t Neigllbourltoods: Slone Bllildings (llId MOlllllllcnts. cOllverllires ell ardoises all Callada. Apartmellt. Washington, DC: US DOCllment. Ottawa: Canada Washington, DC: National Ottawa: Environnement Department of Energy, 1986. Mortgage and Academy Press, 1982. Canada/Service des pares, 1990. CHAM73 () Chambers, J. Henry. Corporation, 1982. CONS82a • Constmelion. Quebec: CUMI84 alId Photo CMHC88 CanadialJ Woodfmllle Office de 18 langue fran<;aise all Preservatiol1 HOlise Constructiol1 (secor\d metric (Banque de terminologie dL! Ontario's Ontario: DC: US edition). Ottawa: Canada Quebec),1982. Boston Mills Press, 1984. Mortgage and Housing CONS89 Conservatioll of CUMI85 Cuming, David Corporation, 1988. Engineering Structures Mark Fram. Ontario's J. Henry. CMHC95 RCllovator's Resollrce (Proceedings of the conference .. Conservation District Historic Guide. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage . 13 March 1989). London: Toronto: Ministry of Citizenship Washington, DC: US and Housing Corporation, 1988. Thomas Telford, 1989. and Culture, 1985. Department of the Interior (NPS), CMHC98 Canada CONV83 COllventions alld CUMI92. David J. et 1976. Housing Corporation, Unesco Sllr les CHAM80 Champion, Sara. Home Builders' Association, and oftfte districts de cOl/servation des biells ami Canada. Natural Resources Paris: U·nited ClIlturels de l'Ontario. Toronto: Canada. A BeticI' Waif to RCIlOVlltC: Nations Scientific Ministere de la Culture et des RCIlOl'l7tiol1 and Cultural Organiziltion, 1983. Communications, 1992. CONZ90 CUNN84 Cunnington, Pamela. Old HOllses. Sherborne, 1"'."'·I,'lVIi'lI,eI/1 alld Unwin Dorset: Prism Alpha, 1984. Strllctllral Problems. Washington, Hyman, 1990. CUNN98 Cunningham, Allen. DC: US Department of the CONZ93 Con zen, Michael P., Model'll Movemellt Heritage. New Interior (NPS), sd. Thomas A. Rumnev, and Graeme York: E & FN Spon, 1998. CHAP66 D. F. Wynn. A Scltolar's Guide to CURR63 Currie, A.W. Calladiall of t.p,,)(}I·nll.II;'·nl Writillg all tfte Economic (fourth Southem edition). Americal1 and Calladian Past, edition). Toronto: Nelson, 1963. Toronto: Unh'ersity of Toronto of CURT79 Curtis, John Obed. Press, 1966. COCK95 Cocke, Thomas, Donald Buttress, and Moving Historic CHAR84 Charles, F.W.B., Westminster 900 Years: Washington, DC: US Ul·'lJc'lrJlll Charles. COlIservatio11 Tlte Restoratiolls of the Interior (HCRS), London: Hutchinson, Conzen, Michael P. Tlte CUTL89 Cutler, D.E, I.B.K. 1984. Americall Dean & Chapter of Westminster Routledge, 1994. Richardson. Tree Roots alld CHIT80 Chitham, Robert. Harvey Miller, 1993. edition). Measured Architects. COPP95 Copps, David H., Trust 1989. COE84 Coe, Gigi, Michael R. for Public Land (U.s.), and London: Architectural Press, Eaton, Michael M. Garland. The 1980. National Trust for Historic H01lle Decisiol1 Book. San Preservation in the United States. CHIT85 Club,1984. Chitham, Robert. The tlte Road: Ii COlIl/lllinily Classical Orders COHE99 Cohen, Nahoum. Rural Historic New York: Urball COIlS('J'Ulltioll. Cambridge, DC: Mass.: MIT Press, 1999. 1980.

COll86 Collier, John, Malcolm 011 Collier. VislllIl Alltltl'Opologlj: Costs. Toronto: Council of et al. Clark, PII.MI1·on?,,111! liS a IZesetll'cIT MetllOd Ontario Universities, 1973. Tile Care and of Michael Pause. ill Albuquerque: HOllses (third edition). IIrchitectlire. New York: Van Mexico Press, Architectural Press, Nostrand Reinhold, 1983. de 1986. COll86a Collins, Minister of DEAN69 0 Dean, William G., ed. Christiane Crasemann Supply and Services, 1990. Economic Atll1s of Olltario. Camillo Sitte: The Birth of Model'll Toronto: ~ of Toronto CRIT84 .. Criteres de rCllovatioll et New York: Rizzoli, resft7l1l'17tiol/: dOCllJllCntalioll. Press, 1969. Montreal: Montreal, COll9:1 Collins, Richard c., et 1984. al. AllIerica's Downtowns: GrowtIT, CROS70 Theo. The Politics, & PresJ!rvlltion. Necessal'l;lVlollllment. Greenwich, Washington, DC: Preservation ClER84 Clerk, Nathalie. CT: New York Graphic Society, Polladiml ill Calladiall Press National Trust for Historic 1970. American Association for State Architecture. Ottawa: Parks Preservation, 1991. and Local History, 1981. CRUI84 Cruickshank, Tom, COMM83 Committee on Canada, 1984. Peter John Stokes. The Settler's DEAN98 Dean, W. G., Historic Resources. Preservation ]. Matthews, and Practice (AlA Handbook, C-1). Dream: A Pictorinl History of the Older Buildings of Prince Edward Moldofsky. COllcise Washington, DC: American AlIas of Canada. Toronto: Institute of Architects, 1983. COllnty. Picton: County of Prince Edward,1984. University of Toronto Press, 1998. termil1. Ottawa: COMPsd Complete Handbook in desigllated historic CUll900 Cullen, Marv. Slate Mortgage and Housing Rooji'l1g ill Canada. Ottawa: Corporation, 1982. Mobile: Architectural Review Board, sd. Environment Canada/Parks Service, 1990. OECA87 de Caraffe, M.arc, CA. OUT085 DuToit, FACA87 <) Facades: FIRE89 <) Fire Safely Retrofitting ill Hale, Dana Johnson, G,E, Mills, Architects, COll1mercial BlIildil1g Historic Washington, Margaret Carter. TOWIi Halls of for COll1ll1ercial Toronto: Ministry of Municipal DC: Advisory on CaJ1ada, Ottawa: Environment 111lprOVel1lClltS. Toronto: Ministry Affairs, 1987, Historic Preservation, 1989. Canada-Parks, 1987, of Municipal Affairs, 1985, FACA87a .. F090des: Rel1ovation des FISH96 Fisher, Lewis F. OELA97 DelafoJ1s, John, Politics OUVA90 • Duval, Georges. d'il1ll1leubles c0I11111ercioux. Sal1 Alltol1io: The Precarious and Preservatiol1: A Policlj Restaumtioll et relltilisatioll des Ministere des Affaires Preservation of a of tile BlIilt 1882-1996. 11101111l1lCl1tS lll1ciens. Liege: municipales, 1987. Lubbock, TX~ Texas ,m,·o,·c,,.,. Press, 1996, Studies in Planning, and Mardaga, 1990, FALC8:1 Falconer, Keith, the Environment; 22. London: E EAST67 Easterbrook, W.T., M,H, Geoffrev The of FITC82 Fitch, James Marston, & FN SpOil, 1997, Watkins. ""•. ~,·".I,'" to Cal1adiall Iudustri;1l A Review. London: Historic Preservatioll: Curatorial OEL086 De Long, David G., Ecollomic Toronto: Council for British Nlm1I7gel/lel1 I Built World. Helen Searing, Robert A.M, McClelland 1967. 1981. New York: 1982. Stern, eds, AlIlericI711 Architecture: EOWA46 <) Edwards, A, FALK77 Falkner, Ann. Without 1I1novolionIlIld Tradition, New Good tllld Bad Malluers ill Our Past. Toronto: of York: Rizzoli, in association with Architecture (secoud editiol1), Toronto Press, 1977. the Temple Buell Center London: John Tiranti, 1946, 1986. for the Study American FALK78 • Falkner, Ann, 5a115 notre Architecture, 1986. EHRE84 Ehrenkrantz Guide pour la de FlA078 Fladmark, Knut R. A Will dow Rehabilitatiol1: A lvlmlllal llOtre patrillloinc Guide to Basic OEMA6:1 for Historic (draft). New Ottawa: lvlinistere 'York: New York Landmarks urbaines Canada, 1978. Press, 1984. 1961. FAVR90 Favretti, Rudy, and ELEY84 Eley, Peter, John Fanetti. For House a Worthington.ll1dustrilll Gardell: A Rellllbilitatiol1: Tile Use of Redul1dant . Sll10ll

Press, 1984. Ronald Lee, ELLl92 Elliot, Cecil D. Tee/lilies Filces of omi ArciIitecture: The A IIlld How 10 al1d Them. York: House, 1982, OEN086 Dendy, William, 2nd rev. ed, Nashville: FLEM9:1 William Kilbourn, Toronto EMM093 Emmons, Peter H, Association for State observed: its architecture, and Local 1991, of Architectllre and Toronto: COllcreie Repair Ilnd Mnilltentll1ce FAWC76 Fawcett, Jane, ed, The (fourth edition). University Press, 1986, 1Illlstmled: Problelll Analysis, Repair Strategy, Future of the Past, New York: Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991. Kingston, MA: R,S, 1993, of 1976, Fore!, Edward. Til£' ENER84 Federal Plmllliug lIud A rciIitecture. Historic Placcs: The Sectiou 106 MA: MIT Press, OENH97 <) Denhez, Marc. Till' Process, Walnut Creek, CA: 1990. Strategy Planning AltaMira Press, 2000, FRAM84 Fram, Mark. A 1..4,,,,.'/1,,,,,1/' An 111/emotional Prillll!r, FEIl82 Feilden, Bernard M, COIISl'l'Vlltioll Prilller, Toronto: Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1997. 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PrcSCnJiliiOll Treat1l1e11ts. DC: US (NPS), HERI87b + Holdsworth, Dervck, HUTT97 Huttel~ Michael, and JENS98 Jensen, Katherine, and Directives pOllr lIIlC double Mail1 Street. TO~'onto: !Ide Rizzo. Econol1lic Perspectives Audie L. Blevins. The Last cOllservatioll. Toronto: Ministry of of Toronto Press, 1985. on Cultural Houndmills, Gamble: 011 tITe Future in Citizenship and . HOll86 Hollis, Malcolm. Basingstoke, Hampshire; New Four Rocklj MOllntain Culture/Ministry of Surveying Buildings (second York: Macmillan Press; St. Towns. Ttlcson: University 1987. edition). London: Surveyors Martin's Press, 1997. Arizona Press, 1998. HERI98 Preservation Publications, 1986. HUTT99 Hutl, Sherry, Caroline JOHN83 Johnson, Edwin. Old National Parks Holleran, Michael. M. Blanco, and Ole Varmer. House Woodwork Restoration. Service. YOIi r Historic Resources Law: Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice­ House. New Harry N. rCneOIOl'i'CIlI and Cu/tuml Hall,1983. Abrams Inc., 1998. Planning America. 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COllservatioll ill Essex No.5: SVEN94 Svenson, Peter. SMEA90 Smeallie, Petel~ Peter THORSO Thorne, Robert. Covellt Chelmsford: Essex Preservation. Boston: Faber and Garden Market: Its Historlj lind H. Smith. New Faber, 1994. Older Council, 1981. Restomliol/. London: Architectural SWAR9i Swartzburg, Susan G., Press, ]980. Holly and Frank Preservationists. New York: John THORS4 Thornton, Peter. Garretson. and Archives: Wiley & Sons, 1990. Alltilciltic Decor: Tile Domestic I1l1d Rellovatioll with a SMIT74 Illterior: 1620-1920. New York: Houses Press, Viking, 1984. ji'om (reprint). THRE97 Threndvle, Gene, and Faringdon, Berks.: E.W. Classey Clll1rlestowlI. Boston: Boston John Martins-Ma;;teiga. ClearCllt: Ltd., 1974. Redevelopment Authority, 1973. Woolwortll Buildillg Torol1to, "/949- SMIT7S Smith, John F. A Critical STIN90 Stinson, 1997. Toronto: [s.n.]. 1997. Bibliography of Buildillg Toronto Harbour Thurow, Charles. Conservation. London: Mansell, The of the Port Illdustrial Street Climate SYM097 Symons, T. H. B., 1978. the Toronto Chicago: nlllt:JJL(l' Toronto, Historic Sites and Monuments SMITS4 Smith, ed. Planning 1983. w., Ont.: Toronto Harbour How to 1711d Illstall Doors TlES96 Tiesdell, Steven, Taner Commissioners, 1990. ,> and Willdows. San Francisco: Oc, and Tim Heath. Chevron Chemical Company, STIP80 Stipe, Robert E., ed. Historic Urban 1984. New Directions in Ruml Architecture Preservation. Washington, DC: US SMITS5 0 Smith, Baird M. TIMM76 Timmons, Sharon, ed. Department of the Interior Sites alld (if Moisture Problems ill Historic (HCRS),1980. Presematiol1 and Conservation: Masonr1j Walls: Diagllosis a11d Callada. Ottawa: Royal Society of Pril1ciples and Practices. Treatlllellt. Washington, DC: US STLOsd .. St-Louis, Denis. Fe11etres Canada, Societe royale du Washington, DC: Preservation Department of the Interior (NPS), et portes tmditiol1elles (Cahier Canada, 1997. Press, 1976. technique No.1). Quebec: Service 1985. SZEKSO TOPI75 A TopiCilI (if de l'urbanisme, division du Dianna Ontario SMIT9i 0 Smith, Vieux-Quebec et du patrimoine, Ontario Histort;. CO/1/lIIulIity: Ministry of Natural Resources, E. Ehrenhard, eds. the sd. Past. Boca Haton: CRC Press, Architecture and Ent'ironll1clIt. 1975. New York: Staten Island 1991. TPCS2 .. La seClirite et les Continuum of Education, 1980. resume dll WHIF69 Whiffen, Marcus. AllIerieml Arcilitcctllrc Sillce 1780: A Guide to tiIe MA: MIT Press, Preservation, 1980. WHIT90 White, Anthony, Bruce TRIC84 Tricks Trade: HOllie Robertson. ArciIitecture IIl1d DIY. London: Books, Warland, E.G. Modem OmalllclIt: A Visllal Guide. New Wurman, Richard 1984. Pmciical MasOllrtj York: Press, 1990. Saul. Follow the Yellow Brick Road: edition). London: 1953. TRIL72 Williams, G. B. A. to Give, Take, and Usc Problems ill WARN78 Warner, M., inOld Slr,WTIIJIlS. NeVi York: Bantam, London: Architectural Press, S.M. Groff, RP. Warner. Bllsilless 1992. 1972. IIlld Preservatio/l. New York: YAR089 INFORM, Inc., 1978. TRIL73 Problellis ill WILL78 Williams, Barrie. Tlie 11110r's Guide. Undemse of Floors ill Architectural Press, 1973. Historic To{ull York: lAAS, of York, 1978.

1989. Lowl Arc/Iilcetuml COlllluittcc Activities ill YOUN95 Allematives TUNI86 Tunick, Susan. Field Ol1tario. Toronto: of Culture and Recreation, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Guide to Aparllllent Heinemann, 1998. 1995. Architeelure. New York: WILL83 Williams, G. B. A. ZAPA95 Christian. The of Terra Cotta/New York State, WATS93 StOIlL' aud Brick Wal/illg AlIIericall New York: [986. :Vlarianne, and 5). London: Princeton Architectural Press, H",-!l';WP (Association). Descrted of Basi iOl1s: Historic Naval 1995. ArC/lifcefllre. London: SAVE ZEIS84 Britain's 1993. WEAV87 Acid Rain TYLEOO Norman. Historic Preservation: All Introductioll to lis

WING83 Wing, Charles. HouscwarJllil1g willi CllIlrlie Boston: Little, Brown, 1983.

ZIETZ96 Zietz, and National Trust for Preservation in the United States. T/lt Naliollal Ti'llst Gllidc 10 Great Tourislll. Toronto: John Weiler, WOOD86 I-Iollses ill AlllericlI. New 1982. Preservation Press / J. 1996. WEIS82 Weiss, Norman, et al. ZUZA96 and Research Laboratories for Smldsfolle Restomtioll Materials and Structures]). New York: New London: Chapman and Hall, Landmarks ]988. Wells, Camille, ed. ill VICT84 P"'-CfJ,,,,,J',,,,," Vernacular Book. Ottawa: Lee II. Columbia: Books association with the 1984. ''''<7",-"ltV of Missouri Press, Institute of Field 1986. VILA8:t Vila, Bob. Bob Vila's This Buildings Old House. New York: E.P. WEYEOO 1994. Dutton, 1981. Historic a Historic to FOUlldatioll, 1947-1997. Historic Charleston Foundation Studies in Architectural Press, 1969. Historv and Culture. Columbia: Toronto: Univel:sitv of South Carolina WRIG76 Wright, Russell. A Whiteside, 1984. Press, 2060. oj WALK8:t Walker, Lester. WHER82 <> Wliere to Look: A Guidc DC: Preservation Press, Americal1 Shelter. Woodstock, NY: to Preservai iOll illforlllatioll. Overlook Press, 1981. Washington, DC: Janet. Council on Historic Preservation, Picturesque ilt 1982. COllada pittoresquc all Callada. Ottawa: Parks Canada, ] 984. Unless credited otherwise, the Front cover: Walton Street, Port 19, upper middle: Former 87, bottom left: Hazelton photographs are by the author Hope. Cairns Avenue, Toronto. (@ Mark Fram 1988, 2003). Falls. 87, bottom right: St. Clair Other photographs are used by FrI)nti~"iip('p' Ontario Power 19, lower middle: Colborne Avenue West, Toronto. permission of the photographers. Generating Station, Niagara Street, Fenelon Falls. 89, top: Lowther Avenue, Many of the photographs are from Falls. 19, bottom: Windermere House, Toronto. the collection of what is now the Title page: Parkdale, near Muskoka. 89, middle: Sussex Drive, Ontario Ministry of Culture Ossington Avenue, Toronto. 33, top: House, Paris. Carol Ottawa. Joltn Weiler/OlvlC (abbreviated here as OMC); these 1: Temple of the Children of Pril7l11o/0MC 89, bottom left: Elora Mill, Elora. are credited to the individual Peace, Sharon. 33, bottom: Barriefield village. photographers as much as 89, bottom right: Artpark, Jolin f.-G. Blllmcllsoll/OMC possible (photographs by the 8: Sussex Drive, Ottawa. Johl1 Lewiston, New York. author from the ministry's files Weiler/OMC 37, top: station, Niagara. 90: Eailway station, are noted as MF/OMC). Similarly, 9, top: Corner of AdeJaide and OM:C Graverlhurst. OMC illustrations held by the Ontario Victoria, Toronto 37, middle: "The Cone", Port 91, top: Public library, Heritage Foundation are so noted 9, bottom: Corner of Yonge and Anile lVI. de FOl't­ Bracebridge. (abbreviated as OHF). Apart from Queen, Toronto. MeJ1lll'cs 91, bottom: Schneider House, the few locations noted, all 12, top: Princess Street, 37, bottom: Commemorative Waterloo. photographs are of places and Kingston, 18605. plaques, Pakenham Bridge. buildings in Ontario. 93: Drawing, Mather-Walls National 39: King Street West, Toronto. House, Keewatin. OHF Drawings are by the author and PA62177 43: George Brown House, 95, Scott Kerr, unless credited 12, middle: Colborne Street, Toronto. otherwise. The composite Fenelon Falls, 1903. Natio/1al 59: House, Metcalfe Street, drawings on pages 21, 69, 73 95, middle: Downtown, near Archives C27196 Toronto. and 191 and portions of other Market Kingston. 12, bottom: 11, illustrations are based on two 72, top: Abandoned OMC Latchford. properties conserved by the Kingston. 95, bottom: Ontario Heritage Foundation: the 13: 2, 72: middle: Former Victoria Chamber, Park, Mather-Walls House, Ottawa College, Cobourg. Toronto. Street. Keewatin, and the Ontario 15, top: Lift lock 72: bottom: Sultan Street, 99, top, middle: Little Inn, Heritage Centre (originally the KirkfieJd, 1 Toronto. Bayfield. OMC Birkbeck Building), 10 Adelaide Archives 76, middle: Former 99, bottom: Drawing, Mather­ Street East, Toronto. Other 15, upper middle: Stone bridge, Vivian. Carol Walls House, Keewatin. OHF drawings are adapted from Pakenham. material in the following sources, 76, bottom left: "Wedding Cake 101, top left: Farm, near Fenelon 15, lower middle: Railwav House", Markham. Joiln f.-G. Falls. cited in the bibliography: station, Peterborough: ASHU83, CHIT80, HERI87a, BllllllCllS011/OMC 101, top right: Mill ruin, Elora. 15, bottom: Transmission lines, KITC83, LOND85, MACE98, 76, bottom right: "Wedding 101, middle: Ball Mill, Baltimore. Queenston. Cake House", Markham, in MCKE70, POOR83 and RADF83. 102, left: Macaulay House, 16, top: Gold Rock, Upper context. The verbal illustrations Picton. Manitou Lake. Palll throughout the text are borrowed 78, left: Commercial building, CtJl1IpiJell/OMC 102, right: Power Street, Toronto. for the most part from two books Tweed. 103: Charles Street West, Toronto. that compile quotations about 16, upper middle: Woodlot, near 78, right: Former John Street architecture: KNEV86 and Peterborough. MF/OlVlC Pumping Station, Toronto. 104: Bloor Street West, Toronto. MADD85. Sources for the larger 16, lower middle: Big Master 79, top: Schneider House, 105, middle: House and quotations are as follows: page mine, Manitou Lake. Waterloo. Barrie, 1906. Pilul Archives Of Crllltlda, C37498 57, from Alberto Grimoldi, 79, bottom: Abandoned "Architecture as reparation: Notes 16, bottom: Ball Mill, Baltimore. embankment, near Port 105, bottom: House and trees, on restoration in architecture'", 17, top: Lennox & Addington Hope. Bobcaygeon. Lotus International, 57 (1985), County, near Napanee. 80: Merrickville. MF/OMC 106: Hutchison House, 116-127; last page of the book, Peterborough. MF/OMC from Diderot's Encyclopedie, 17, middle: Eideau 81, top left: Walton Street, Port w"tp",'W8\1 ] 07, middle: Trinity Street, c.1751 (cited in PETR89, 76-77). near Burritts Hope. Rapids. Toronto. 81, top right: The "Square", 17, lower middle: Seymour Goderich. OMC 107, bottom Jeft: Hall, Township, near Toronto. 81, middle: Bayfield. OMC Campbell ford. 107, bottom right: Post Office, 82: Mill Street, Elora. 17, bottom: Rawdon Township. Millbrook. MF/OMC 83: Farmhouse, Darlington. 108: St. James' T01'Onto. 18, top: school, Erin. 86, top: Wellington near 109, middle: Upper Grand River Erin. 18, upper middle: Public library, 86, middle: King J(J/m f.-G. New Liskeard. MF/OMC 109, bottom left: Windmill ruin, BllllllClISOll/OMC 18, lower middle: Park, Maitland. OMC 86, bottom left: Millbrook. Toronto. 109, bottom right: Guelph. Cilrol 18, bottom: Nippissing District 86, bottom right: Newcastle Primllo/OMC court house, North Bay. Town Hall, Bowmanville. 111, all: St. Raphael's ruins, near MF/OMC 87, top: King Street East, Williamstown. Toronto. 19, top: Ontario 112: Hospital, St. Thomas. 87, middle: Gordon Block, Stratford. 113, middle left: Fire hall, Port 137, top: Row houses, Kingston. 159, top: Dorset Street, Port 176, top: Ceiling, Legislative Hope (demolished). OMC Hope. Building, Queen's Park, 113, bottom left: Downtown, 137, middle: Highway 52, 159, bottom: Midtown, London. Toronto. MF/OMC Perth. Brantford. Anile M. de Forl­ OMC 176, bottom: Wall, Winter Garden 113, lvlcllares 161, top: Downtown Galt, Theatre, Toronto. OHF 138, top left: Hastings. MF/OMC 177, middle right: Jakes McLean 115, top: "Villeneuve Castle", 138, middle left: Hazelton 161, bottom: Main Street, North Block, Merrickville. OMC Picton (demolished). Avenue, Toronto. Bay. 177, others: Elgin/Winter Garden 115, middle: Summit House, 138, bottom left: Barn, Glenora. 162, top: Walton Street, Port Theatre, Toronto. OHF Perth. 138, top right: Metcalfe Street, Hope. 178, left: Spadina House, Toronto. 117: Elgin Theatre, Toronto. Toronto. ] 62, middle: General store, Eden 178, right: Kipfer House, 138, bottom right: Kew Beach, Mills. Carol Prill/110 Stratford. 118, top: Street, Toronto. Toronto. 162, bottom left: Ontario Street, 179, both: Kipfer House, 118, middle: St. Thomas Church, 139: Anderson House, Stratford. Stratford. Stratford. 140: Downtown Galt, 162, bottom right: Highway 37, 181, top: Brown House, Tweed. Toronto. 118, bottom: Ancaster Mountain 142, top: Osgoode Hall, Toronto. Mill, Ancaster. Carol PrialilO 163, top: Davenport Road, 181, middle: House, 142, middle: Highway 33, 119, both: St. Thomas Church, Wellington. Toronto. Toronto. ] 63, upper and lower middle: 181, bottom: Public librarv, 142, bottom: College Street, Bracebridge. " 120, Temple of the Children Toronto. Highway 37, Tweed. Sharon. 163, bottom: Main Street, Erin. 183, top: Sidney generating 143, top: station, Trenton. 120, bottom: Watson's Mill, Perth. 164: 37, Tweed. Manotick. 183, middle, bottom: Unspecified Coral Pria11lo 143, bottom: Workshop and 165, top: Metcalfe Street, Toronto. locations. OMC 121, top: Blackfriars foundry, 165, middle left: Monticello, 185, top left: Rockwood, London. Carol 145, top right: Former Victoria Virginia. Kingston. 121, bottom: Weiland Canal, College, Cobourg. MF/OMC 165, middle right: Walton Street, Thorold. ]45, bottom right: Drawing, Port Hope. 185, top right: House, 123: Church, AmeJiasburgh. south elevation, Ontario 166, both: Walton Street, Port 185, middle: Kipfer House, 124: House, Picton. Centre.OHF Hope. Stratford. OMC 146, top: Hagues Reach, Trent 167, top: Bathurst Street, Toronto. 185, bottom: Highway 30, Northumberland 125, top: Anderson House, waterway. MF/OMC 167, middle: Street East, Stratford. Toronto. 186: Corner of and Queen, 125, bottom: Mill, Caledonia. 167, bottom: William Street, Toronto. Carol Prio11lo Ottawa. 187, top: Leslie Street, Sharon. 127, top: Former schoolhouse, 147, top: St. Clair Avenue West, 169, top: Water filtration plant, 187, middle: near Toronto. Ottawa. Toronto. jolin J 27, middle left: Downtown Galt, 147, bottom: Queen Street, Port 169, middle: Bluestone House, Port Hope. 187, bottom: Proposed building addition, Hamiltol1.0MC Victoria Hall, 401, near 169, bottom: Victoria Countv Cobourg. Court House, Lindsay. " 188, middle left: Trent waterway, Northumberland . 127, bottom right: Queen Street 151, middle: ",o"k-pl(o" Street, 170, top: Garden West, Toronto. Toronto. Theatre, Toronto. Cl1rol AlIlle lvi. de Fort-Melll1res 128: station, 151, bottom: St. Clair Avenue PriillilO/OHF 188, bottom left: Former Terminal Warehouse, Toronto. Peterborough. West, Toronto. 170, middle: Elgin/Winter 130: Brooklin Mills, Brooklin. 152, top: Don Vale, Toronto. Garden Theatre, Toronto. 188, bottom right: Town Hall, Carol Priolllo 152, middle, bottom: Hazelton Milton. 131: Downtown Belle\·iIle. Avenue, Toronto. 170, bottom left: Toronto Power 189: Town Hall, Milton. 132: Main Street, Erin. 153, bottom: Wethersfield, Station, 193: Stone bridge, Pakenham. Massachusetts. Aline M. de 199: "Who stole the people's Forl-i\lJeI1l1res 170, bottom right: Bluestone him." House, Port Hope. Tholllils Nllst, ill 133, bottom: Toronto Power 154, top: Street, Toronto. Weekly, 19, 154, bottom: Downtown, ] 71, top: Rockwood, Kingston. Kingston. 171, bottom: Elgin/Winter 209: Broadview Avenue, Toronto. 134, left: Downtown 1M,nn,'''''' 157, top left: Wellington County, Garden Theatre, Toronto. Manitoba. near Erin. Cl1rol Pril1lllo/0HF Back CO\'er: Bluestone House, 134, right: Street East, 157, bottom left: Britain Street, 173, top: Brown House, Port Toronto. Toronto. Toronto. 135, 157, bottom right: House, Parry 174, top: House, to Sound. institutional use, Kingston. 135, middle: Former 158, House, near Queen's 174, bottom: Brown Confederation Life Building, Kingston. House, Toronto. 158, middle: Inn, Maynooth. 175, Victoria County Court Lindsay. . 135, bottom: Summit House, 158, bottom: Major Mackenzie Perth. Drive, Vaughan. jol1l1 f.-G. 175, bottom: Bluestone House, BllIl11ellsOlI/OlvlC Port Hope. A given subject may be listed access Balancing heritage, comfort, and ceramic tile, 179 both individually and under historic patterns in interiors, energy efficiency, 184-185 cherry-pickers, 112 general categories such as, for 171 balloon-framing, 116 chimneys instance, expertise, or repairs. historic pa tterns in bandshells, 18 inspection, 66 Chapter or topic headings are neighbourhoods, 80 barns, 17,26 inspection and repairs, 125 indicated in bold type. The text acid rain, 103 basements reuse of fireplaces, 180 itself, especially in the section acoustics, 65, 174 cautions in insulating, Chronology, 10-13 "Good practice", provides many Adam, Robert, 24 dampproofing, 115 churches, 13, 17 cross references to other topiC additions inspection, 67 structures, 119 headings. fire separa tion, 189 bathrooms, 180 cinemas, 31 handicapped accessibility, 189 Beaux Arts, Ecole des, 28 cladding, 137 independence, 54, 183 Benjamin, Asher, 25 clapboard, 137 removability, 54 board-and-batten, 137 cleaning for, 49 boundaries of heritage districts, before repainting, 164, 165 approaches, 54 68 brass, bronze, 143, 179 airports, 15 boundary features, 107 cast iron, 141 alkyd paints, 164 braces and other structural concrete, 146 alteration, 50 reinforcements, 113 delicate surfaces, 177, 178 aluminum brass, 140, 143 environmental impact, 103 cast, as replacement for other brick, 126-128 exterior woodwork, 136 metals, 143 as veneer over frame, 116 interior finishes, 176 uses of, on buildings, 140 chimnevs, 125 masonrv, 133-134 Anglican churches, 24 replacei'nents, 128 periodi~, 53 Appleton Chartel~ 218 see also masonry procedures, 191 Archaeological investigation and bridges, 15, 129 terra cotta, 13] reporting, 78-79 effects of road salt, 120 too clean, 41-42, 52, 53, 85, 134 archaeological finds, 100 bronze, 140, 143 clerks of works, 94, 198 archaeological sites, designation builders, 196 co-operation in conservation, 46, under Ontario Heritage Act, building 47 204 age, determining, 10, 63 cobblestone, 129 archaeologists, 196 archaeology, 78 Codes and regulations affecting archaeology, 41, 48 historical sequence, 63 conservation work, 217 excavation, 49 inspection of condition, 66-67 colour exploration, 51, 102,217 investigation, 49, 64 pigments, 164 217 signs of age, 49 storefronts, 160 under Ontario symptoms of deterioration, 70 stucco, 144 Act, 204, 217 building access, 50 commemoration of conservation Archindont, 63 building craft workers, 197 work,55 architects, 3,195-196 building cycles, 10-11 commemorative plaques, 43, 55 Architectural Conservancy of building damage, 51 community halls, 18 Ontario, 200, 201 building fragments, 51 completion of historic design, 85 architectural conservation, 218 building investigators, 197 complexity, 49 architectural drawings, 63 building materials composite patching, for decayed architectural historians, 196 charactel~ 64 stone, 130 architectural photographers, 197 compatibility of new computers, for recording, 77 architectural programmers, 196 replacements, 123 concealed features, 51 architectural researchers, 196 historical innovations, 147 concrete architecture historical use of metals, 140 composition and repair, 146 composition, 64, 122, 187 replacement in kind, 123 plastic repairs, 121 details, 64 see also individual materials structural integrity, 121 identifying character, 64-65 Building operation and preventive structural repair, 120 importance of entrances, 156 maintenance, 190-191 unSUitability for cemetery importance of windows, 148 building owners, 3 108 interiors, 168 building programs, 46 block, 126, 132 programming, 88 Building services and equipment, condensation, 67, 190 research,41 182-183 created by new services, 183 48 building site, inspection, 66 conjecture, 50 see style building surveyors, 197 conservation Archives of Ontario, 63, 202 business improvement areas, 82 of approach, 84 archives, 47, 54, 55, 62, 77, 200 buttresses, 120 definition, artifacts definitions of activities, 40 rcl1i3eo:loglcal, 100 Canadian Centre for Architecture, effects of building regulations, ruins as, 202 206 Arts and Crafts movement, 30 Canadian of Historic LACACs, 200 for flat roofing, 122 Building, 202 learning from completed assessment rolls, 62 cast stone, 126, 132 58 asylums, 19 natural stone, 130 )1f1"tn!P' 200 attics, inspection, 67 107 principles and practice (chart), auto-body putty cemeteries, 17 60-61 for cast-iron repaiJ~ 141 Cemeteries Act, 108,217 respecting historic appearance, for sheet-metal repairs, 142 Cemeteries and preserved ruins, 84 awnings, 154, 184 108-111 Conservation activities, 40-43 "'~"""r"'''~ over storefronts, 162 cemetery 217 Conservation at law, 204-206 conservation charters, 44, 218-219 heritage conservation districts, environmental planners, 195 authenticitv vs modern use, conservation easements, 204 Ontario Heritage Act, 204 Environmental Protection Act, 176 c conservation of architectural details 206,217 interi()j~ 176-179 remains, tradition of, 44 door hardware, 157 environmental protection during protection during other work, Conservation principles, 44-55 drip 124 conservation work, 103 176 background, 44 metal expansion and environmental studies, 205 see also relation to practice, 36, 58 contraction, 140, 142 epoxies fire insurance 202 sources, 2 missing,S] cast stone, 132 fire safety retrofit, 88, 168,217 conservatories, 18, 155 mouldings to old and cautions for structural repair, fire warning, 55 conservators, 197 new, 189 117 fireplaces, 180 consolidants, for stone, 129, 130 preventing moisture cautions for use, 108 Fixtures (interior), 180-181 construction managers, 198 penetration, 124, 136, 139, unsuitability for some repairs, flashing construction management, 198 142 107 at chimneys, 125 construction regulation, 217 scored stucco, 144 ethnic traditions, 24 roofing, 123 consultants stonecarving, 129 evaluation, 48 floodlighting, 167 building, planning, 3 storefronts, 162 benefit of doubt, 49 Florence Ch arter, 105, 218 heritage, 3, 194 thermal expansion in exposed questions and answers, 34 forts, 18 see also expertise structures, 110 records, 36 foundation planting, 104 context, 49 uniqueness, 49, 51, 52 research, 35, 36, 63 Foundations, 114-115 buildings in their windows, 153-154 windows, 148 causes of problems, 102 surroundings, 106, 186 wooden millwork, 139 Evaluation and decision-making, drainage, 102 importance, 80 development agreements, 206 34-37 independence of additions, 189 loss of in fa.;adism, 51 dimensions, respect for historic, evaluation methods, 34 inspection, 66 contingencies, 97, 100 85 existing spaces repairs before structural work, Contracting and supervision, 94- disputes, need for progress new uses, 50 118 95 records, 98 rc",nc'ctin(T character, 46 Fowler, Orson, 26 contractors, 3, 196 distinction of new from old, 53 furnishings, 65 conversion, 42, 46 documentation, 48, 54, 55 archaeology, 78, 100 copper doors, 156-157 contracting, 94 roofing, 122 doorways, new, in interiors, 171 decorative plaster, 175 uses of, on buildings, 140 dormers, 124 fault diagnosis, 70 restoration, 105 corbels, 133 double-glazing, 184 garden restoration, 105 gardens, 18 cornices, 133 Downing, A.I., 25, 26 generalists, 195-196 contractors, 196 courthouses, 18 downspouts, 124 knowledge of historic cracks in finishes, as symptoms of drainage, 102 engineering practice, 121 in windows, 148-149 hidden problems, 100 controlling, in cemeteries, 108 life-safety study, 168 quality of historic 149 craftsmanship, 52, 65, 172 to protect foundations, 114 need for, 194-195 glass block, 31 craftworkers, 197 ductwork, 182 restoration, 85 glasshouses, 155 Credit Valley sandstone, 129 durability selection and contracting, 199 glass-reinforced plastic, as sheet­ cultural heritage, conservation, in reconstructions, 51 specialists, 196-198 metal substitute, 142 212-214, 218 roofing, 122 stabilizing ruins, 110 Glossaries of technical and custodial responsibility, 46 dutchman (stone repair), 130 stone repairs, 130 specialized terms, 218 custom fabricators, 197 stonecarving, ] 29 Goderich, 26 earth movements, effect on structural reinforcement, 113 government agencies, programs features, replacement, foundations, 114 structural repairs, 117 heritage, 202 Earth, air and water, 102-103 woodworking, 139 arf>l11o~ra Roofing, 122-125 cast iron, 141 Professional advice for free (and format, 2 architectural charactel~ 64,187, colour 166,176 almost free), 200-203 sources, 2, 218, 220-231 188 exterior woodwork, 136 Professional advice for hire, 194- regional heritage foundations, '~I"eULlV"", 66 graining and ] 76 199 201 112 priming, 165 see also PY1IWli·tJO;P variation, 32 ruins scaffolding, 112 Programming and using space, 128 romantic 109 sheet metal, 142 88-91 building materials, 32 stabilization and repair, 108, Palladian windows, 24 flexibili ty, 88 ethnic in fl uences on 111 park structures, 30 use of interior spaces, 168 architecture, 33 Ruskin, John, 26 parks, 28 Project records and progress French settlement, 32 rust, 140 Parliament buildings, Ottawa, 26 diaries, 98-99 survey 32 corrosion of reinforcing bars, patina, 49, 52, 53, 64, 85, 134, 142, project co-ordination, 46, 47, ]94, registrv as research 146 143 198 source, 62 paving, 106 project management, 4, 47, 50, rehabilitation, 42 non-standard replacements, 198 reinforced concrete, introd Llction 106 of,116 storefronts, 163 relocation, as last resort, 43, 80 reproduction, 85 in process, repairs inspections, 68, 104 careful removal of wood trim, personal interviews in research, depositing record of completed 172 62 project, 98 cast iron, 141 scaffolding, 112 Phasing and scheduling, 96-97 order of work, 96-97 decorative sheet metal, 141, 179 site management, lO3 photogrammetrists, 197 professional asssistance, 194 deterioration of modern, 36 salt, harmful effects of sodium photogrammetry, 77 112 exterior woodwork, 136 chloride as de-icer, 103, 143, photographs 196 infested or rotten wood, 172 159,191 annotated, as basis for lllSpe(:t1c1n for, 64 sandstone, 129 92 nn,rl

energy conservation, 184 concrete, reinforced, 146 Superstructure, 116-121 voluntary organizations, 200 maintaining operation of, 154 exposed,65 supervision, 94-95 restoring operation of, 139 failure, 100 Surprises: on-site reassessments wall fabric, 178 signs, fitting to storefront and independence of additions, 189 and archaeological finds, wallpaper, 178 fa<;ade, 160 inspection, 66 100-101 walls in landscape, 107 silicones, on brick, 126 loads from new utilities, 182 contingencies in schedule, 97 warehouses, 19 site locating new uses, 88 survey, 40 water table, 102 archaeology, 78 reinforcement, 110 waterfronts, 15 inspection, 66 reinforcing damaged members, tail (building), 25 waterways, 15 investigation, 64 100 Taking care, 190-191 weathering, 49 security during conservation before interior taverns, 19 Well-preserved, organization, 4 work,113 conservation work, 172 taxation, effects on wheelchair access, 54 services, 66, 113 stabilization during work, 100 conservation, 209 wheelchair-accessible entrances, storage areas during stairs, 171 temple fronts, 25 91 conservation work, 113 temporary reinforcement, 113 temporary repairs, 52 whitewash, a5 traditional paint, workshops, 113 temporary stabilization, 110 terra cotta, 31, 126, 131 164 site sketches, 74 see also superstructure terrazzo, 31, 146, 163 wills, 62 skylights, 155 stucco, composition and repair, theatres, 19 windbreaks, 17, 18 slate 144 tie rods, 120 Windows, 148·155 repair or replacement, 123-124 Stucco, concrete and timber frames, 116 curved glazing, 154 roofing, 122 composites, 144-147 tombstones, see Cemeteries and daylighting, 65 Sloan, Samuel, 26 style preserved ruins double glazing, 151, 152, 153 Society for the Protection of accumulations, 49 tools, for inspection, 70 frames and sash, 148-149 Ancient Buildings (SPAB), 44 additions, 49 topography, uniqueness, 48 storefronts, 160, 162 softwood, 136 and evaluation, 20 Toronto, 27, 28 types, 149 soil conditions, 102 characteristics, 23 special measures to promote windows and doors, inspection, Spatial definition, 106-107 components, 20 conservation, 206 67 spatial relationship, 50 definition, 20 tourism, planning for, 82 wood respect for traditional layout, details, 49, 64 town halls, 19 allowance for movements, 117- views, 106 eclecticism, 22, 186 town plans, 26 118 specification-writing, 92-93 interior trim, 173 toxic chemicals, precautions, 103 causes of deterioration, 136, Specifying the work, 92-93 locale, 49 training, 47 184 squares, urban, 28 mixtures, 23 trees, 104 epoxy repairs, 117 stabilization, 41, 51 modifications, 49 trusses, 120 exposed heavy timber Stabilization during repairs, 112- need for full description, 23 Types and varieties, 14-19 structures, 120 113 variation over time, 20, 49 typology, 14 exterior, 136-139 stained glass, cautions if double­ styles, 20 floors, 178 glazing, 152 Adamesque, 24 ultraviolet light, deterioration of interior storage before use, 172 stairs Art Deco, 31 unpainted wood, 164 interior, 172-173 exterior, 159 Art Moderne, 31 underpinning, 115 mouldings, 172 interiOl~ 171 Beaux Arts, 28 universities, heritage-related porches, 158 standard designs, 50 Carpenter Gothic, 27 disciplines and studies, 202 preservatives, 139 Standards for building Chateauesque,28 university archives, 202 roofing, 122 conservation projects Classical Revival, 28 university libraries, 63 rot, interior trim, 172 (Ontario Colonial Revival, 29 urban planners, 195 structural repair, 1] 7-118 Foundation), Craftsman, 30 utilities window frames and sash, 148 steel 24 avoiding interior damage Wood and plaster, 172-175 as structure, ornament, 140 Revival, 29 during repairs, upgrading, working conditions, 52 framing for stone walls, 129 Revival, 18, 25, 26 182 workshops, 19 structural, 116 Greek Revival, 25 in new additions, 189 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 30 stockpiling materials, 97 High Victorian Gothic, 26, 27 maintenance, 182 stone, 126, 129-131 lndustrial/Functional,29 minimizing to interior Pioneer and Historical agents of decay, 108 International,31 finishes, 174 Society, 200 cast stone as substitute, 132 Italian Villa, 26 structural for new chimneys, 125 Italianate, 26 equipment, - repair of, 159 Jacobethan,30 130 Late Gothic Revival, 29 vacant land in districts, see also masonry Log houses and shanties, 24 68 stone consolidants, cautions for Loyalist, 24 vapour barriers, 67 use, 108 Mission/Spanish Revival, 30 careful installation, 183, 185 Storefronts, 160-163 Mixtures and others, 31 paint as, 177 historic charactel~ 26, 31 Neoclassical, 24 Vegetation, 66, 104-105 new, fitting to character of Octagon, 26 controlling in cemeteries, 108 160-161 Oriental styles, 3] Venice Charter, 44, 218 storm sewers, effect on Picturesque, 25 ventilation, 67 foundations, 114 Prairie, 30 roofing, 122 storm windows, 152, 153 Queen Anne, 27, 28,148 verandahs, 25, 156 street beautification, 18 Regency, 25 views, 65, 80 structural clay tile, 131 Richardsonian Romanesque, 28 Visual approaches and results, structural " Second 27 84-87 brand names, 147 Stick Style, Visual harmony and good fit, 186- repairs, replacements, 147 Tudor Revh"al, 30 189 structure Sullivan, Louis, 30 vitrolite (carrara 31,147 The author

Mark Fram is an architectural consultant, designer and pl anner. Widely travelled on this continent and abroad, he has studied and w ritten extensively about architecture and the history and planning of buildings and cities, produced plans for numerous public agencies and priva te clients, built a large photographic portfolio, and designed and helped edit a nwnber of books. These include Well-p reserved and its companion edition in French, Conserver, lin savoir-faire (FRAM93), as well as an award-winning historical atlas, Christopher Andreae's Lines of Co untry (ANDR97), and a collaborative collection of essays on Toronto history, housing and architecture, Eas t/Wes t (BYRTOO).

He holds professional and graduate degrees in architecture and geography from the University of Toronto. Acti ve in professional organi zations, he has been president of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada, the Canadian Society for Industrial Heritage, and the Sharon Temple Musewn Society, and was fo unding vice-president of the Canadian Association of Professional Heritage Consultants.

In addition to a continuing consulting practice in planning, design and conserva tion, as this edition goes to press Mark Fram is at the University of Toronto as what they like to ca ll a "member of the university community": an assistant professor in the Faculty of Architec ture, Landscape and Design, as well as an instructor in urban plaruling and PhD candidate in the Department of Geography. CRAFT ... This name is given to any profession that requires the use of the hands, and is limited to a certain number of mechanical operations to produce the same piece of work, made over and over again. I do not know why people have a low opinion of what this word implies; for we depend on the crafts for all the necessary things of life. Anyone who has taken the trouble to visit casually the workshops will see in all places utility allied with the greatest evidence of intelligence: antiquity made gods of those who invented the crafts; the following centuries threw into the mud those who perfected the same work. I leave to those who have some principle of equity to judge if it is reason or prejudice that makes us look with such a disdainful eye on such indispensable men. The poet, the philosopher, the orator, the minister, the warrior, the hero would all be nude, and lack bread without this craftsman, the object of their cruel scorn. Denis Diderot / /" I3 0 S TON MILLS PRESS