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Dipterygeae Faz Parte Do Clado ADA (Leguminosae), Uma Das Primeiras Linhagens a Divergir Na Subfamília Papilionoideae

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Dipterygeae Faz Parte Do Clado ADA (Leguminosae), Uma Das Primeiras Linhagens a Divergir Na Subfamília Papilionoideae Resumo Dipterygeae faz parte do clado ADA (Leguminosae), uma das primeiras linhagens a divergir na subfamília Papilionoideae. Este clado é caracterizado pela enorme disparidade na morfologia floral. Dipterygeae foi tradicionalmente descrita como uma tribo composta pelos gêneros Dipteryx, Pterodon e Taralea. Após inferências filogenéticas baseadas em dados moleculares e morfológicos, teve incluído o gênero Monopteryx. O clado Dipterygeae é estritamente neotropical, ocorrendo em florestas úmidas da Mesoamérica, Floresta Amazônica, Mata Atlântica, Savanas (Cerrados no Brasil) e Florestas Estacionais do Brasil. Existem atualmente 23 espécies, que variam desde arvoretas até árvores gigantes encontradas na Amazônia. O gênero mais abundante é Dipteryx, com 12 espécies atualmente conhecidas, e apesar das revisões taxonômicas já realizadas, apresenta as circunscrições infragenéricas ainda controversas. No presente estudo, foi realizada uma revisão nomenclatural de Dipteryx, em que foram avaliados os 65 nomes conhecidos, e o tratamento taxonômico das 12 espécies atualmente conhecidas de Dipteryx e das três espécies de Monopteryx. Foi estudada a diversidade do clado Dipterygeae e testado o monofiletismo e as relações de parentesco entre os gêneros por meio das Inferências Bayesiana e de Máxima Verossimilhança utilizando-se as regiões plastidiais matK e trnL intron e a nuclear ITS/5.8S. Os monofiletismos do clado e dos gêneros foi corroborado, bem como as relações entre eles. Dentre as Papilionoideae basais existe uma grande labilidade floral, porém Dipterygeae se diferencia dos demais clados por esta se mostrar estável, datando de ca. de 40 ma.. Assim, espera-se contribuir para o avanço no conhecimento da diversidade de Dipterygeae, bem como da megadiversa subfamília Papilionoideae. Palavras-chave: Fabaceae, morfologia floral, papilionoideas basais, sistemática. Abstract Dipterygeae belongs to the ADA clade (Leguminosae), one of the early-branching lineages in the subfamily Papilionoideae. This clade can be characterized by the great disparity in floral morphology. Dipterygeae was traditionally described as a tribe, that included the genera Dipteryx, Pterodon and Taralea. After phylogenetic inferences based on molecular and morphological data, the genus Monopteryx was included in that tribe. The Dipterygeae clade is strictly Neotropical, it can be found in the humid forests of Mesoamerica, Amazon rainforest, Atlantic forest, and Brazilian savanas (cerrados) and Seasonally Dry forests. Currently, there are 23 species in Dipterygeae, ranging from small trees to the giant trees found in Amazonia. The genus Dipteryx is the most species, with 12 species currently known. However, the infrageneric circumscriptions are still controversial, despite of the taxonomic revisions already published. In the present study a nomenclatural revision was made, in which 65 known names were evaluated. Here, it is proposed the taxonomic treatment of the 12 currently known species of Dipteryx, and from the three species of Monopteryx. The Dipterygeae clade’s diversity was also studied, and the phylogenetic relationships between genera, as well as the monophyletism, were tested via Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses, using the plastidial DNA regions matK and trnL intron and nuclear ITS/5.8S. Both the clade and genera monophyletism were confirmed, as well as the phylogenetic relationships were elucidated. In basal Papilionoideae there is a great floral lability, however, the Dipterygeae clade can be differentiated from the others by the stable floral morphology, which dates back to 40 mya. In this way, this study contributes to the knowledge of Dipterygeae diversity, as well as the megadiverse subfamily Papilionoideae. Keywords: Fabaceae, floral morphology, basal papilionoids, systematic. .
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