DOCSLIB.ORG

April-May 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
April-May 2016 NEWSLETTEReco OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATIONlink ORGANISATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND www.eco.org.nz APRIL-MAY 2016 New Zealand needs to reform fisheries management Research published in mid-May by Auckland, Oxford and Vancouver academics on fisheries catch mis-re- porting is very welcome. This is a welcome, very carefully researched recon- struction of actual catch rather than reported catch. They show over 6 decades, the divergence between what New Zealand reported to the Food and Agricul- ture Organisation, FAO, and the actual catch, is that actual catch is 2.7 times greater than that reported. The research is part of a series of studies by Professor Daniel Pauly and his team at the University of British Columbia’s Fisheries Centre and the global project, The Sea Around Us. The methodology uses a series of source materi- Actual catch was estimated to be 2.7 times the catch report- als. These include the official statistics but those are ed by New Zealand to the FAO. compared with many other sources, and illuminated too by interviews to ground truth official figures, and and weaknesses of their own work, has stood the test to look for explanations of events and discrepencies. of many different fisheries in other parts of the world. This methodology, which is meticulously checked and critiqued by the authors who identify both strengths It is no surprise though, that the industrial scale fish- ing interests, some officials, the Minister and Prime IN THIS ISSUE: NZ needs to reform fisheries management 1 ECO Conference 2016: Climate Incorporated Societies Act proposed changes 3 Change and water issues are our Health and Safety Act changes in force now 4 themes Past ECOLinks, Volunteers, & ECO Archives 4 New Exec Members - is that you? 5 An exciting range of speakers and OECD team reviews NZ’s environmental performance 6 workshops is being put together for this Resource Legislation Bill amends Conservation & other Acts 7 conference to be held in Auckland from Environmental Protocol to Antarctic Treaty - 25th Anniversay 10 13th to 14th August, at the Wesley Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary, & Marine Protected Areas 11 Community Centre in Mt Roskill. Fonterra Coal-fired boiler a “death star” 13 Te Kuha, China & the price of Coal 13 More details to follow soon. Register your Biosecurity needs more priority & funding 14 interest in attending, volunteering or do- Guava morth - another biosecurity mess? 15 nating towards our conference - or all New ECO member: Kiwis Against Seabed Mining 16 three! - by emailing the ECO Office. More Obituary: Remembering Bob Fantl 17 information and registrations will be posted on the website and in Tieke soon. Obituary Tom Hay - forest campaigner 18 www.eco.org.nz 1 ECOlink April-May 2016 NZ needs reform of fisheries management Minister, and some NIWA scientists have contested the research which reveals the credibility gap in official statistics and industry reporting. Daniel Pauly, Dr Glenn Simmons, Dr Christina String- er and their various teams have joined the other aca- demics and applied this method to New Zealand and have focused on the system failures of the fish catch reporting systems in the New Zealand Quota manage- ment system (QMS). The report found that “For the years 1950 to 2010, the reconstructed total marine catch of New Zealand (by New Zealand and foreign flagged vessels) is estimated to be 38.1 million tonnes. This indicates that actual catch was 2.7 times the 14 million t reported to the FAO on behalf of New Zealand for the same time peri- Eminent fisheries scientist Daniel Pauly explaining the his- od. The extended reconstructed estimate for 1950-2013 tory behind the Sea Around US Survey. is 40 mt, comprised of 19 mt nationally reported, 5.8 mt of invisible landings, 14.7 million t of unreported managing for harvesting fish.” dumped commercial catch, and 549,000 t of customary and recreational catches.” The fisheries managers are doing a review of the QMS, but these key issues were missing from the terms of Cath Wallace said “the research shows that the level reference set by or for the Review. Fisheries manage- of unreported catch and mis-reported catch by indus- ment has long been done with political pressure from trial commercial fishing is staggeringly huge – much the big industry players preventing attention to matters greater than the government scientists allowed for, but in the public good and of concern to the smaller fishing consistent with the reports that sometimes surface from enterprises. people in the industry.” There are already requirements in the Fisheries Act “The incentives to cheat are huge and driven by greed 1996 for “avoiding, remedying or mitigating adverse and flaws in the design of the fisheries Quota Manage- effects of fishing on the marine environment”. The ment System (QMS). Measuring catch is fundamental Ministry for Primary Industry and its predecessors to the QMS, and we have had decades of mis-report- do little about this except in relation to seabirds and ing.” marine mammals – the rest of the ecosystem is mostly ignored by fisheries managers and industrial commer- “These concerns about the QMS design and manage- cial fishing companies alike. ment neglect of environmental damage have been raised by ECO and others in fisheries management “There is a heavy reliance on rhetoric such as that New meetings for decades but have been brushed aside.” Zealand’s fisheries management is world leading – but there is little actual substance to this. “It is well over time to reform the QMS to include cru- cial reporting issues as well as avoiding and reporting One much cited international study that did compare on impacts on the environment. New Zealand fisheries management with others had a senior ministry scientist in the team. One of the big- Incentives and penalties to use less damaging methods gest fisheries, orange roughy, was mysteriously miss- of fishing and to avoid adverse effects on the marine ing from the consideration of stocks in New Zealand environment are missing from New Zealand fisheries – yet it has been the poster child of depleted stocks and management. The Act requires this but it is not done. fisheries management dominated by pressure from the commercial interests of deep water fishers. “The Precautionary Principle to protect the environ- ment should be put in the Fisheries Act but political In contrast, the Simmons & Pauly et al paper gives us pressure by the big fishing companies blocked this last truly independent research with multiple methods of time it was proposed.” catch assessment. There are cross checks built in and it uses well established, internationally accepted methods “Management should recognize and provide for eco- for this. There are decades of experience and refine- system based management of fisheries, instead of just ment of these methods and they are evidence based. ECOlink Apri-Mayl 2016 2 www.eco.org.nz Incorporated Societies changes Incorporated Societies Act proposed changes by Michael Pringle A draft exposure bill for a new Incorporated Socie- Royal Assent is not expected to be given until 2018 at ties Act has been released by the Ministry of Business the earliest, and societies will be given two years to and Innovation. The recommendation is to replace the update their Constitutions and a further two years at existing Act, which is now over 100 years old, with a least before full compliance is required. new Act. The Ministry is currently calling for submissions on There is a total of 23,700 incorporated societies in the draft bill and these can be made via the MBIE web- New Zealand, of which 35% are registered chari- site which is at this link: http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info- ties, covering a broad range of activities including, services/business/business-law/incorporated-societies/ of course, groups like ours with an environment and incorporated-societies-bill-exposure-draft conservation focus. The 1908 Act does not set out the obligations of those who are involved in the running of Hui e! has a copy of the MBIE presentation on the ex- incorporated societies. It gives little guidance on how posure draft, and the Hui e! response, on their website disputes should be resolved, and does not set out what at this link: http://www.huie.org.nz/thinking-pieces/ is legally required to run an Incorporated Society. download-a-copy-of-the-presentation-from-the-incor- porated-societies-seminars/ The new Act proposes to establish more clarity on officers’ obligations, how to resolve disputes, how to They are also running further consultative seminars enter into contracts, and sets out the limits of personal on the bill at various locations around New Zealand; liability of officers (limited to that set out in the soci- check out their website for a location near you. ety’s constitution). • Fish consumed by fishers and not reported. The study reveals convincing evidence that the fishing industry itself should not be trusted to report accurate- There is an opportunity now for a significant reassess- ly. We must have stronger incentives and regulation ment of fisheries management in New Zealand. for the protection of the environment and true inde- pendence of research. The cost recovery system, the industry grip on the re- search agenda, their habit of threatening and intimidat- The report documents: ing researchers with funding cuts, and their dismissive • Invisible landings which are not reported or are attitude to concerns about the environment, all need to under-reported; change. • Dumped catch including due to low value, dam- aged catch, smaller or larger than the economic Fisheries decision making needs to include the wider size; degraded catch; lack of hold or refrigeration community and a wider set of values than just harvest space; poor quality fish etc values.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Macadamia Industry in New Zealand
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Pennission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the pennission of the Author. THE MACADAMIA INDUSTRY IN NEW ZEALAND A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy At Massey University Palmerston North Bernard Coleman Whangarei 2005 ABSTRACT The New Zealand macadamia industry has been characterised by many small plantings, lifestyle blocks up to 1500 trees and two commercial plantations with more than 10000 trees. Completed research programmes have been few, mainly because government funding in horticulture has been channelled to the needs of the major crops such as kiwifruit. Changes in political policy affected funding for minor horticultural crops and spasmodic cuts in finance severely hindered long-term research projects. Because of its small size the macadamia industry had limited funds available from members but some research programmes have been completed including pest control, tree nutrition, basal stain and future research needs. A private consultant, Ian Gordon has carried out variety trials on a local selection. Several selections have been planted in different locations and have proven to be useful in pollination of Beaumont, the main variety planted in New Zealand. Within the limits, set by climatic factors, the suitable growing areas are north of a line from New Plymouth to Gisbome. Both of those areas are marginal for commercial planting but sites on the sheltered north facing positions could grow satisfactory yields. Yields per tree, generally have been below commercial requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Other Pests of Interest
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 8 - Other interesting findings: -pests listed in one or several of the Alert Lists which are also important for other fruit crops grown in the EU -pests of interest for other crops identified during the study 1 Pests listed in one or several of the Alert Lists which are also important for other fruit crops grown in the EU Information was extracted from the datasheets prepared for the Alert list. Please refer to the datasheets for more information (e.g. on Distribution, full host range, etc). Pest (taxonomic group) Hosts/damage Alert List Aegorhinus superciliosus A. superciliosus is mentioned as the most important pest of Apple (Coleoptera: raspberry and blueberry in the South of Chile. It is also a pest on Vaccinium Curculionidae) currant, hazelnut, fruit crops, berries, gooseberries. Amyelois transitella A. transitella is a serious pest of some nut crops (e.g. almonds, Grapevine (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pistachios, walnut) Orange- mandarine Archips argyrospilus In the past, heavy damage in the USA and Canada, with serious Apple (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) outbreaks mostly on Rosaceae (especially apple and pear with Orange- 40% fruit losses in some cases) mandarine Argyrotaenia sphaleropa This species also damage Diospyrus kaki and pear in Brazil Grapevine (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Orange- mandarine Vaccinium Carpophilus davidsoni Polyphagous. Belongs to most serious pests of stone fruit in South Grapevine (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Australia (peaches, nectarines and apricots).
    [Show full text]
  • Pest Risk Analysis for Six Moth Species: Lessons for the Biosecurity System on Managing Hitchhiker Organisms
    Pest risk analysis for six moth species: lessons for the biosecurity system on managing hitchhiker organisms Draft approved for release for review February 2008 Pest risk analysis for six moth species: lessons for the biosecurity system on managing hitchhiker organisms MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Wellington New Zealand February 2008 i ii MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Te Manatu Ahuwhenua, Ngaherehere Pastoral House 25 The Terrace P O Box 2526 Wellington New Zealand Telephone: +64 4 894 0100 Facsimile: +64 4 894 0733 Internet: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz Policy and Risk MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Pest risk analysis for six moth species: lessons for the biosecurity system on managing hitchhiker organisms Date 2008 Draft approved for release for review iii iv Contributors to this Risk Analysis Numerous staff within MAF Biosecurity New Zealand and MAF Quarantine Service contributed invaluable advice, data, ideas and information – many thanks. Both New Zealand and overseas scientists have provided advice and unpublished information from their own research – this support is greatly appreciated. Staff from within the following MAF groups have reviewed all or part of the risk analysis: • Biosecurity Monitoring Group; • Biosecurity Standards Group; • Biosecurity Policy Group; • Response Group; • Surveillance Group; • Incursion and Diagnostic Centres; • MAF Quarantine Service; • Risk Analysis group. The draft risk analysis has also been reviewed by: • John Bain, ENSIS (all chapters); • Melody Keena, Acting Project Leader/Research Entomologist,
    [Show full text]
  • EU Project Number 613678
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 7 - REPORT on Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Grousset F, Wistermann A, Steffen K, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/112o3f5b0c014 DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on ORANGES AND MANDARINS – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background on oranges and mandarins ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Data on production and trade of orange and mandarin fruit ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Characteristics of the pathway ‘orange and mandarin fruit’ .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • To Our Water Without Our Consent: Whether by Councils, Dhbs Or Central Govt
    Oppose Aware topical Aware other Who should Other comments? fluoridation? application? programmes? decide? Please note: Over Do you Are you Are you Do you If you would like to include comments 2000 candidates oppose aware that aware of think having we will publish them along with your were sent the adding promoters other fluoridated answer survey but a few fluoride now say the successful water were not if we (hydrofluoro primary public dental should be: could not get their silicic acid) benefit from health A personal address. Nearly to our fluoride is programmes choice 500 replied. Where water? topical rather such as Decided by candidates did not than CHILDSMILE DHBs; reply but we knew 289 say YES, systemic (i.e. in Scotland Central their position we Opposed to it needs to or NEXO Govt; local have entered it in Fluoridation: be applied to programme councils; or italics Support the surface in Denmark? Other FFNZ of the tooth rather than swallowed)? Ashburton District Council Marie Hibbert Yes Yes No A personal choice Stuart Wilson No No Yes Decided by I am in favour of adding fluoride to all DHBs drinking water Edward gates Yes No No A personal I believe the individual public should be choice able to decide whether to use fluoride, or not. Furthermore, the decline in qualified staff and corresponding appalling decline in services offered by many small district councils, would not see them in a position, to decide, the use of a chemical such as fluoride. Auckland Council Tracey Kirkley Yes Yes Yes A personal choice Rochelle Gormly Yes No Yes Decided by local councils Saffron Toms Yes Yes No A personal choice Alezix HENETI No No No Other I pay a lot of money every week as I only drink PURE distilled water 4-6 litres EVERYDAY, 7X days of the week.
    [Show full text]
  • Wairarapa, Hutt Valley and Capital & Coast District Health Boards
    PUBLIC CPHAC_DSAC Committee Papers 20 May 2016 - Cover Public Wairarapa, Hutt Valley and Capital & Coast District Health Boards Community & Public Health and Disability Support Advisory Committees 20 May 2016 Wairarapa, Hutt Valley and Capital & Coast District Health Boards 1 PUBLIC CPHAC_DSAC Committee Papers 20 May 2016 - Agenda COMMUNITY & PUBLIC HEALTH AND DISABILITY SUPPORT ADVISORY COMMITTEES Public Agenda 20 May 2016 9:00am Boardroom, Pilmuir House, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt ITEM ACTION PRESENTER MIN TIME PG 1 PROCEDURAL BUSINESS 15 9.00 am 2 1.1 Karakia 1.2 Apologies RECORD N Leggett 1.3 Continuous Disclosure - Conflict of Interest ACCEPT N Leggett 3 1.4 Confirmation of Minutes 18 March 2016 APPROVE N Leggett 6 1.5 Matters Arising NOTE N Leggett 1.6 Action List NOTE N Leggett 12 2 FOR DISCUSSION 2.1 Director, SIDU Report NOTE S Williams 20 9.15 am 14 2.2 Update on Sub Regional Disability NOTE P Boyles 30 9.35 am 33 Implementation Plan 2.3 Equity Monitoring Indicators NOTE W Skipage 30 10.05 am 45 2.4 Health System Planning Update NOTE W Skipage 5 10.35 am 69 2.5 Regional Public Health Report NOTE S Williams 10 10.40 am 71 2.6 Manage My Health Presentation NOTE Compass PHO 30 10.50 am OTHER 3 General Business 5 11.20 am 4 Resolution to Exclude the Public APPROVE N Leggett 5 11.25am 81 ADJOURN 11.35 am APPENDICES 2.1 Director, SIDU Report: ∑ Appendix 1: Privacy Impact Assessment, Compass Health – Patient Portal 82 ∑ Appendix 2: Shared Care Record 108 ∑ Appendix 3: Diabetes Services and Performance 177 2.2 Update
    [Show full text]
  • Politics Theses
    Politics Theses (updated September 2018) Surname First Name Degree Year Title Citation Ablett-Hampson Edward BA (Hons) 2002 Project democracy: President Reagan's illicit support for the Nicaraguan Contras Ablett-Hampson, Edward "Project democracy: President Reagan's illicit support for the Nicaraguan Contras." BA (Hons), 2002. Abraham Benjamin BA (Hons) 2013 Congolese don't eat Coltan: Critical theory and peacebuilding in the Demoratic Republic of the Congo Abraham, Benjamin "Congolese don't eat Coltan: Critical theory and peacebuilding in the Demoratic Republic of the Congo." BA (Hons), 2013. Alexander M. BA (Hons) 1983 Israel’s relations with United Nations peacekeeping forces Alexander, M. "Israel’s relations with United Nations peacekeeping forces." BA (Hons), 1983. Andersen James L. BA (Hons) 2001 The 'special' offence of infanticide: a case of gender inequality before the law? Andersen, James L. "The 'special' offence of infanticide: a case of gender inequality before the law?." BA (Hons), 2001. Anderson Margot J. BA (Hons) 1997 Politics of femocracy Anderson, Margot J. "Politics of femocracy." BA (Hons), 1997. Ashby Lucy BA (Hons) 2010 Towards a better democracy: Who do MPs represent and how do they do it? Ashby, Lucy "Towards a better democracy: Who do MPs represent and how do they do it?." BA (Hons), 2010. Bale H. BA (Hons) 2004 September 11 and Common Sense: Reasons for Rejecting the Realist Paradigm of American Foreign Policy Bale, H. "September 11 and Common Sense: Reasons for Rejecting the Realist Paradigm of American Foreign Policy." BA (Hons), 2004. Barnes R. R. BA (Hons) 2004 European Neo-Right Politics and Cultural Nostalgia: How is Anthony Smith’s idea of the Golden Age used by Barnes, R.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 113 (October 1983)Broadsheet
    up. The major expenses were wages and the hire of the van. Considering the stresses and strains of touring a show around The Broadsheet Office is on the first floor of the Gane Building, the country the wages (although union rates) seem pathetically 43 Anzac Avenue, Auckland. Office and bookshop hours: 9 low, but low or not they have to be paid out of the takings am — 4 pm Monday — Friday, Saturdays 10 am — 1 pm for and in smaller areas the audiences were not large enought the bookshop. Phone 794-751. Our box number is PO Box to cover costs. We have had dozens of letters, cards, 5799 Wellesley Street, Auckland, New Zealand. telephone calls and personal approaches from women who want another roadshow. We would like one too, but the severe financial drain on our bank balance is something we can’t sus­ Deadline for December — October 10 tain and keep somewhere near solvent. We receive generous Deadline for January — November 10 donations from time to time and we’re enormously grateful Small items, News, “What's New?” and adverts can reach us for these. Angela, Jess, Hilary, Margaret, Bernadette and up to two weeks after this date. Phee gave their time free during the month of rehearsals and Renee donated her royalties. Many women gave time on front- of-house and many others provided hospitality and billets. Without these we would be even more in the red than we are. Stuffing of the November issue will be on Saturday October We take your requests for another roadshow very seriously 29 at the Broadsheet Office from 10am.
    [Show full text]
  • POLITICAL LIFE WRITING in the Pacific Reflections on Practice
    POLITICAL LIFE WRITING in the Pacific Reflections on Practice POLITICAL LIFE WRITING in the Pacific Reflections on Practice Edited by JACK CORBETT AND BRIJ V. LAL Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Political life writing in the Pacific : reflections on practice / Jack Corbett, Brij V. Lal, editors. ISBN: 9781925022605 (paperback) 9781925022612 (ebook) Subjects: Politicians--Islands of the Pacific--Biography. Authorship--Social aspects. Political science--Social aspects. Research--Moral and ethical aspects. Islands of the Pacific--Politics and government--Biography. Other Creators/Contributors: Corbett, Jack, editor. Lal, Brij V., editor. Dewey Number: 324.2092 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Printed by Griffin Press Revised edition © August 2015 ANU Press Contents List of Tables . vii Preface . ix Contributors . xi 1. Practising Political Life Writing in the Pacific . 1 Jack Corbett 2 . Political Life Writing in Papua New Guinea . 13 Jonathan Ritchie 3 . Understanding Solomon . 33 Christopher Chevalier 4 . The ‘Pawa Meri’ Project . 47 Ceridwen Spark 5 . ‘End of a Phase of History’ . 59 Brij V. Lal 6 . Random Thoughts of an Occasional Practitioner . 75 Deryck Scarr 7 . Walking the Line between Anga Fakatonga and Anga Fakapalangi . 87 Areti Metuamate 8. Writing Influential Lives .
    [Show full text]
  • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 319.56–21
    Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 319.56–21 a declaration certifying that the prod- with this section and all other applica- ucts were grown in a greenhouse in the ble provisions of this subpart. exporting country on Honshu Island or (a) Inspection and treatment for pests of north thereof. the family Tortricidae. An inspector (xiii) Only precleared consignments must take a biometrically designed that have been treated in accordance sample from each lot of apples or pears with part 305 of this chapter are au- that are offered for entry into the thorized. The consignment must be ac- United States. If inspection of the sam- companied by a PPQ Form 203 signed ple discloses that pests of the family by the APHIS inspector on site in the Tortricidae (fruit-leaf roller moths) are exporting country. not present in the lot sampled, the (xiv) Must be accompanied by a fruit may be imported without treat- phytosanitary certificate issued by the ment. If any such pests are found upon national plant protection organization inspection, the lot must be treated of Israel that declares ‘‘These tomatoes with methyl bromide as prescribed in were grown in registered greenhouses part 305 of this chapter. in the Arava Valley of Israel.’’ (b) Treatment of apples and pears from (xv) Must be treated in accordance Australia for fruit flies. (1) Apples from with part 305 of this chapter. Australia (including Tasmania) may be imported without treatment for the (xvi) Must be accompanied by a following fruit flies if they are im- phytosanitary certificate issued by the ported from an area in Australia that national plant protection organization meets the requirements of § 319.56–5 for of the country of origin and with an ad- pest freedom: Mediterranean fruit fly ditional declaration stating that the (Ceratitis capitata), the Queensland fruit fruit is free from Cnephasia jactatana, fly (Bactrocera tryoni), Bactrocera Coscinoptycha improbana, Ctenopseustis aquilonis, and B.
    [Show full text]
  • Pheromone Production, Male Abundance, Body Size, and the Evolution of Elaborate Antennae in Moths Matthew R
    Pheromone production, male abundance, body size, and the evolution of elaborate antennae in moths Matthew R. E. Symonds1,2, Tamara L. Johnson1 & Mark A. Elgar1 1Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia 2Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia. Keywords Abstract Antennal morphology, forewing length, Lepidoptera, phylogenetic generalized least The males of some species of moths possess elaborate feathery antennae. It is widely squares, sex pheromone. assumed that these striking morphological features have evolved through selection for males with greater sensitivity to the female sex pheromone, which is typically Correspondence released in minute quantities. Accordingly, females of species in which males have Matthew R. E. Symonds, School of Life and elaborate (i.e., pectinate, bipectinate, or quadripectinate) antennae should produce Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 the smallest quantities of pheromone. Alternatively, antennal morphology may Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia. Tel: +61 3 9251 7437; Fax: +61 3 be associated with the chemical properties of the pheromone components, with 9251 7626; E-mail: elaborate antennae being associated with pheromones that diffuse more quickly (i.e., [email protected] have lower molecular weights). Finally, antennal morphology may reflect population structure, with low population abundance selecting for higher sensitivity and hence Funded by a Discovery Project grant from the more elaborate antennae. We conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis to test Australian Research Council (DP0987360). these explanations using pheromone chemical data and trapping data for 152 moth species. Elaborate antennae are associated with larger body size (longer forewing Received: 13 September 2011; Revised: 23 length), which suggests a biological cost that smaller moth species cannot bear.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Manual Some Processes, Equipment, and Materials Described in This Manual May Be Patented
    Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Manual Some processes, equipment, and materials described in this manual may be patented. Inclusion in this manual does not constitute permission for use from the patent owner. The use of any patented invention in the performance of the processes described in this manual is solely the responsibility of the user. APHIS does not indemnify the user against liability for patent infringement and will not be liable to the user or to any third party for patent infringement. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communciation of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. When using pesticies, read and follow all label instructions. Second Edition Issued 2012 Contents Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Manual
    [Show full text]