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PROCEEDINGS of the of NEW 140 VOLUME SOCIETY LINNEAN

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Published 15 November 2018 Notes on the mammals collected on the Chevert collected Notes on the mammals G. R. Fulton. Published 10 January 2018. island. subtropical assessment of an isolated survey 2012-2014 – a comprehensive Norfolk Island quarantine B.J.Lepschi and S.F.Malfroy. G.V.Maynard, Published 10 March 2018. Alec Costin. of Dr. legacy Archiving the scientific G. J. McCarthy. K. L. McDougall and Wright, T. G. August 2018. Published 6 research. a review of values and of recent Park, Karst values of Kosciuszko National A. Baker. A. Spate and August 2018. Published 25 in the limestones Silurian allochthonous Ordovician and Latest Conodonts, corals and stromatoporoids from Late Wales. western New South of central Volcanics Cuga Burga Y. Y. Published on 5 October 2018. Park in Kosciuszko National interactions and pathogen Plant, invertebrate Y. C. E. and Wallenius, T. M. H. Laurence, Khaliq, I. Farrow, R. Burgess, I. T. Wright, T. G. McDougall, K. L. Liew C

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VOLUME 140 December 2018

Notes on the Mammals Collected on the Chevert Expedition, to New Guinea, in 1875

GRAHAM R. FULTON

Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia. ([email protected])

Published on 6 February 2018 at http://escholarship.library.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/LIN

Fulton, G.R. (2018). Notes on the mammals collected on the Chevert Expedition, to New Guinea, in 1875. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales,140, 1-6.

The mammals collected on the Chevert Expedition in 1875 are discussed on the basis of information in William Macleay’s journal, Lawrence Hargrave’s diary and old newspaper articles. William Petterd’s published reports give the collection location of the type specimen of Isoodon macrourus moresbyensis. Other collections are discussed, including kangaroos Dorcopsis luctuosa and Macropus agilis specimens of which reside in the Macleay Museum but cannot be confi rmed as collected by the Chevert Expedition. Rodents, including Bramble Cay Melomys, Melomys rubicola, have been added to the list of mammals originally reported by Edward Pierson Ramsay.

Manuscript received 10 November 2017, accepted for publication 20 December 2017.

Keywords: Edward Pierson Ramsay, Hall Sound, Isoodon macrourus moresbyensis, Melomys rubicola, Port Moresby, William Macleay, William Petterd.

INTRODUCTION and Broadbent. They collected at Port Moresby from October 29, 1875, until January 26, 1876. James and The Chevert Expedition, fi nanced and led by Knight collected at Port Moresby until November William Macleay, collected natural history specimens 4, 1875 (Hargrave’s diary) and afterwards at Yule and ethnographical artefacts from the islands off north Island and Hall Sound until August 23, 1876 (Fulton Queensland, the Torres Strait Islands and New Guinea 2017a). (Figure 1). The expedition was undertaken in 1875 Ramsay published the mammals of the Chevert yet many of the different collections have not been Expedition in 1877 (Ramsay 1877a). However, fully identifi ed: for example, Thomas Reedy’s plant through correspondence with the Macleay Museum collections have only recently been discussed (Fulton and careful reading of a series of unpublished 2016a). The expedition was considered successful documents and newspaper articles, I have extended and collected approximately 1,000 birds, 800 fi sh, the list of mammals collected from Ramsay’s initial and many reptiles, mammals, insects, spiders, marine publication and identifi ed inconsistencies in other molluscs and ethnographic objects for the Macleay publications. My sources include William Macleay’s Museum’s collections (Macleay 1875; Fletcher 1893; journal; Lawrence Hargraves diary; newspaper articles Fulton 2012). written by the ship’s captain, Charles Edwards, and In New Guinea, the Chevert Expedition collected by the zoological collector William Petterd. at Katow, Yule Island and Hall Sound. No collections were made at Port Moresby. Specimens from Port Moresby were collected by those who returned to RESULTS New Guinea after the conclusion of the Chevert expedition: Lawrence Hargrave, Dr William James, Fifteen mammalian taxa collected on the Felix Knight, William Petterd and Kendall Broadbent. Chevert expedition have been identifi ed (Table 1). Most collections from this location were by Petterd MAMMALS COLLECTED ON THE CHEVERT EXPEDITION

Figure 1. The 1875 voyage of the Chevert showing collecting points and the general direction of travel.

with any authority. None of Macmillan’s mammals DISCUSSION were regarded as types by Stanbury (1969) and four of the six types specifi ed by Stanbury were collected Type specimens by Andrew Goldie after the Chevert and published Stanbury (1969) stated that six mammalian types later by Nicholai de Miklouho-Maclay (Miklouho- were collected on the Chevert Expedition, citing Maclay 1884; 1885). Only two of Stanbury’s types, Macmillan, (1957), a semi-fi ctional work. Macmillan were collected on the Chevert expedition: the Allied made only passing reference to three mammalian Rock-wallaby Petrogale assimilis (see Ramsay, collections that included: “a large fl ying-fox” collected 1877b and also Fulton 2016b) and the Large-Eared at Yule Island (p. 124), an unknown rat at Bramble Cay Flying-Fox (subspecies) Pteropus macrotis epularius (p. 120) and an “opossum” from the Ethel River (p. Ramsay, 1877a. 126). None were suggested to be type specimens, nor Ramsay (1877a) described a new species of did Macmillan discuss the natural history collections Bandicoot from the Chevert: the Port Moresby

2 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.R. FULTON

Table 1. Mammalian taxa collected during the Chevert Expedition of 1875. Current taxonomy follows Jackson and Groves (2015) for Australian taxa and Wilson and Reeder (2005) for Papua New Guinea taxa. The question mark (?) is to underscore uncertainty. Taxa Initially published as Locality PERAMELIDAE Tawny-throated Bandicoot Perameles Northern Brown Bandicoot macroura (var.) torosus Ramsay 1877a, near Cooktown Isoodon macrourus torosus p 12 Northern Brown Bandicoot Port Moresby Bandicoot P. moresbyensis no location by Ramsay: Petterd Isoodon macrourus Ramsay 1877a, p 14 states Hall Sound moresbyensis ACROBATIDAE Feather-tailed Possum Phalangista pinnata Ramsay 1877a, p 12 Ethel River Distoechurus pennatus PETAURIDAE Sugar Glider Petaurus Flying Phalanger Belideus ariel Ramsay Katow (Now Mawatta near the breviceps papuanus 1877a, p 12 mouth of the Binaturi River) PHALANGERIDAE Australian Common Spotted Cuscus Spilocuscus Cuscus maculatus Ramsay 1877a, p 11 Cape York nudicaudatus Common Spotted Cuscus no location by Ramsay: original C. brevicaudatus Ramsay 1877a, p 12 Spilocuscus maculatus label: Hall Sound, New Guinea MACROPODIDAE Gray Dorcopsis Dorcopsis Dorcorpis luetuosus [sic] Petterd 1876 Hall Sound? luctuosa Agile Wallaby Notamacropus Hall Sound? agilis papuanus Allied Rock-wallaby Petrogale Macropus assimilis Ramsay 1877a, p 11 Palm Island assimilis PTEROPODIDAE Northern Blossom-bat Katow (Now Mawatta near the Kiodote M. minimus Ramsay 1877a, p 10 Macroglossus minimus mouth of the Binaturi River) Black Flying-fox Pteropus Red-naped Kalong P. funereus Ramsay Cape York & Bet Island alecto 1877a, p 8 Spectacled Flying-fox Pteropus P. conspicillatus Ramsay 1877a, p 7 Rockingham Bay & Yule Island conspicillatus Large-Eared Flying-fox Katow (Now Mawatta near the P. epularius Ramsay 1877a, p 10 Pteropus macrotis epularius mouth of the Binaturi River) EMBALLONURIDAE Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat North Australian Cave Bat T. australis Cape York Taphozous australis Ramsay 1877a, p 10 MURIDAE Bramble Cay Melomys large rats Edwards 1875; Fulton 2016 Bramble Cay Melomys rubicola large rodents (specimens not Hapalotis sp. Macleay’s journal 27 June Shallow Bay, Cape York found) 1875, collected by Spalding and Petterd Unpublished; collected 21 July 1875, Long Island (Now Sassie Mus sp. museum label Island)

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 3 MAMMALS COLLECTED ON THE CHEVERT EXPEDITION

Bandicoot Perameles moresbyensis now known as specimens collected after the Chevert expedition. Isoodon macrourus moresbyensis and a new variant P. While at Port Moresby, Hargrave reported getting macroura (var.) torosus now known as I. macrourus “3… fl ying squirrels, very pretty and vicious” torosus. Parnaby et al. (2017) suggested the latter I. (Hargrave’s diary). macrourus torosus may not have been collected on the Chevert expedition. Based on a close reading of Macropodidae William Macleay’s personal journals, I found that the Petterd wrote more on the mammalian collections Chevert did not collect at Cooktown and I conclude in a second article entitled Hall Sound (Petterd that this specimen was most likely collected by 1876b), distinct from two following articles entitled Edward Spalding, for Macleay, on an earlier trip. Port Moresby (Petterd 1876c; 1876d). Petterd wrote, “The zoology of this part of New Guinea was Missing and confused locations particularly interesting to us, for here we met Ramsay (1877a) did not specify locations for two with many forms we had not seen before, and species: the Common Spotted Cuscus Spilocuscus quite different to anything found in Australia. maculatus, (Ramsay’s Cuscus brevicaudatus) and The animals are not numerous—that is, the Port Moresby Bandicoot Isoodon macrourus specifi cally, but abundant individually. Two moresbyensis, though the former is resolved by its species of wallaby, one the Dorcorpis luetuosus original label as Hall Sound, New Guinea. The latter, (sic) discovered by Signor D’Albertis, and the Port Moresby Bandicoot, was collected at Port the Cuscus maculatus, have been got here. Moresby, its common name providing a good clue. Belideus ariel, a Parameles, and several kinds It was collected at Port Moresby by Petterd and of the smaller mammals were also obtained” Broadbent who always collected together around Port (Petterd 1876b). Moresby (Hargrave’s diary). Petterd reported it in the It is diffi cult to match these general comments fi rst of four newspaper publications in 1876. He wrote, with collections. The two species of kangaroo are “A Parameles is found at Port Moresby allied to an likely to have been collected during the expedition, Australian species” (Petterd 1876a). Petterd was less particularly given that they were abundant. Yet this clear about the cuscus, “Cuscus maculatus [Common cannot be confi rmed at present. Both species reside Spotted Cuscus Spilocuscus maculatus] (along with in the Macleay Museum: Gray Dorcopsis Dorcopsis Belideus ariel [Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps]) luctuosa and Agile Wallaby Macropus agilis and are common to both places” (Petterd 1876a). [“Both are currently thought to have been collected at Port places” refers to Australia and New Guinea in his Moresby. Petterd also published the following about article.] Ramsay also reported, “Several specimens the collections at Port Moresby indicating that the from Cape York” (Ramsay 1877a). At least one of mammals were present at both locations. With these is known to have been collected by Dr James reference to Port Moresby: during the expedition (Fulton 2017a). “The principal mammal hunted and used as Petterd’s Belideus ariel [Sugar Glider] was food is the kangaroo, which is very plentiful reported from Katow by Ramsay. He later noted, “I on the other side of the coast range” (Petterd believe this is the only species of this genus yet found 1876c). in New Guinea” (Ramsay 1877a), indicating that only With reference to the Chevert at Hall Sound: one species was procured on the expedition. He also “The mammals are the same as those of Hall wrote, “This species was obtained at Katow, and is Sound” (Petterd 1876d). also found at Port Moresby.” By the time Ramsay I can see no reason why Macleay’s collectors published on the zoology of the Chevert (1877a), would have ignored collecting these two kangaroos at he would have known of the mammals collected Hall Sound. Adding to the uncertainty, Macleay (1875) at Port Moresby by Petterd and Broadbent. Petterd made the general statement: “We were not fortunate erroneously reported the Sugar Glider from the Ethel in procuring many of the mammals; but, kangaroos River, Hall Sound, “We also got the nest with mother of various sizes and genera appeared to be abundant and young of that pretty little fl ying squirrel Belideus and we saw specimens of Cuscus, Belideus, and other ariel” (Petterd 1876b). This was the Feather-tailed Phalangers.” The Chevert did collect the latter three Possum Distoechurus pennatus published by Ramsay mentioned taxa. While the fi rst half of the sentence as “Phalangista pinnata… Adults and young of this suggests no kangaroos were collected the second half pretty species were obtained on the Ethel River, reports only seeing taxa that were clearly collected. New Guinea” (Ramsay 1877a). Ramsay may have In the absence of known specimens I conclude that known of its occurrence from Port Moresby through macropods were not collected.

4 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.R. FULTON

Muridae Fulton, G. R. (2016b). New Information about the Ramsay (1877a) did not publish on the Muridae Holotype, in the Macleay Museum, of the Allied collected by the Chevert. Perhaps the rodents collected Rock-wallaby Petrogale assimilis Ramsay, 1877 (Marsupialia, Macropodidae). Proceedings of the were not presented to Ramsay. Three collections Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 138, 57-58. have since come to light. The fi rst is in the Macleay Fulton, G. R. (2016c). Bramble Cay Melomys Melomys Museum with two specimens of Mus sp., spirit and rubicola Thomas 1924: specimens in the Macleay skeletal, presumed from a single animal, collected at Museum. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of Long Island [now Sassie Island]. The second is the New South Wales, 138, 59-60. Bramble Cay Melomys Melomys rubicola. It was Fulton, G. R. (2017a). Dr William H. James 1852-1876: originally and simply reported as a large rat by Captain Medical Doctor and Naturalist. The Bulletin of the Edwards (Edwards 1875) and has now been identifi ed British Ornithologists’ Club, 137, 71-87. and discussed (Fulton 2016c; 2017b). Thirdly, two Fulton, G. R. (2017b). The Bramble Cay Melomys: the fi rst mammalian extinction due to human-induced rodents (presumably the same taxon) were collected climate change. Pacifi c Conservation Biology, 23, by Spalding and Petterd, at Somerset (Cape York) 1-3. on June 24, 1875. Macleay described them as, “two Hargrave, L. (1874-1876). Diary: Lawrence Hargrave, specimens of a species of Hapalotis” (Macleay 1875: Australia/Papua New Guinea, 25 January 1872-2 personal journal dated June 25). Hapalotis was used February 1876. [Original held at the Powerhouse as a catch-all for large Australian rodents in Macleay’s Museum, Sydney]. time and does not point to a specifi c taxon. These Jackson, S. M. and Groves, C. P. (2015). ‘Taxonomy might be Uromys caudimaculatus or Mesembriomys of Australian Mammals’. (Melbourne: CSIRO gouldii (pers. comm. Kristofer Helgen). The presence Publishing). Macleay, W. (1875). Notes on the zoological collections of the rodents collected by the Chevert was confi rmed, made in Torres Straits and New Guinea during the though without detail, by Macleay in his very brief cruise of the Chevert. Proceedings of the Linnean summary of the mammals seen on the voyage, “a few Society of New South Wales, 1, 36–40. muridae” (Macleay 1875). Macmillan, D. S. (1957). ‘A squatter went to sea: the story of Sir William Macleay’s New Guinea expedition (1875) and his life in Sydney’. (Sydney: Currawong ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Publishing Co.). Miklouho-Maclay, N. (1884). On two new species of Dorcopsis from the south coast of New Guinea. Thank you to Jude Philp for passing information from the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Macleay Museum. Thank you to Kristofer Helgen and Wales, 9, 890-895. two anonymous referees for commenting on a draft of this Miklouho-Maclay, N. (1885). On two new species of manuscript. Special thanks to Jutta Beher for preparing the Dorcopsis from the south coast of New Guinea. map. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 10, 145-150. Parnaby, H., Sandy, I. and Divljan, A. (2017). Type REFERENCES specimens of non-fossil mammals in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum, 69, 277-420. Edwards, C. (1875). Narrative of the Chevert’s Voyage Petterd, W. F. (1876a). New Guinea. [No. 1.] Katow. The to New Guinea. The Evening News, issue 2633, 2. Mercury XXVIII, 3. Wednesday April 19. Thursday December 9. Petterd, W. F. (1876b). New Guinea. [No. 2.] Hall Sound. Fletcher, J. J. (1893). ‘The Macleay Memorial Volume’. The Mercury XXVIII, 3. Tuesday April 25. (Sydney: Linnean Society of New South Wales). Petterd, W. F. (1876c). New Guinea. [No. 3.] Port Fulton, G. R. (2012). Alexander, William Sharp, and Moresby. The Mercury XXVIII, 3. Thursday May 4. William John Macleay: Their Ornithology and Petterd, W. F. (1876d). New Guinea. [No. 4.] Port Museum. Vol. 2: 327-393. In: ‘Contributions to the Moresby. The Mercury XXVIII, 3. Friday May 5. History of Australasian Ornithology Vol. 2.’(Eds. Ramsay, E. P. (1877a). Zoology of the Chevert. Mammals. W. E. Davis, Jr., H. F. Recher, W. E. Boles and J. A. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New Jackson.) pp. 327-393. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: South Wales, 2, 7-19. Nuttall Ornithological Club). Ramsay, E. P. (1877b). Description of a supposed new Fulton, G. R. (2016a). Thomas Reedy 1842-1929: species of Rock Wallaby from the Palm Islands; gardener for Sir William Macarthur and plant on the north-east coast of Australia, proposed to collector on the Chevert Expedition to New Guinea be called Petrogale assimilis. Proceedings of the in 1875. Cunninghamia, 16, 51-63. Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1, 359-361.

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Stanbury, P. J. (1969). Type specimens in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. IV. Mammals. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 93, 462-463. Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M. (2005). ‘Mammal Species of the World - A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference’. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).

6 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey 2012-2014 – a Comprehensive Assessment of an Isolated Subtropical Island

G.V.MAYNARD1, B.J.LEPSCHI2 AND S.F.MALFROY1

1Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, GPO Box 858, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; and 2Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Published on 10 March 2018 at https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/LIN/index

Maynard, G.V., Lepschi, B.J. and Malfroy, S.F. (2018). Norfolk Island quarantine survey 2012-2014 – a comprehensive assessment of an isolated subtropical island. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 140, 7-243

A survey of Norfolk Island, Australia was carried out during 2012-2014 to develop a baseline of information on plant pests, and diseases and parasites of domestic animals for biosecurity purposes. The Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey covered introduced vascular plants, invertebrate pests of plants and animals; plant pathogens; pests and diseases of bees, and diseases and parasites of domestic animals. 1747 species were recorded across all organism groups during the course of the survey, of which 658 are newly recorded for Norfolk Island. Details of all organisms recorded during the survey are presented, along with a bibliography of plants and animals of Norfolk Island, with particular reference to introduced taxa.

Manuscript received 25 July 2017, accepted for publication 30 January 2018.

KEYWORDS: animal diseases, bees, invertebrates, Norfolk Island, plant biosecurity, plant pathogens, plant pests, quarantine survey.

INTRODUCTION uninhabited islands - Nepean Island, 1 km to the south, and Philip Island 6 km to the south (Fig. 1). The Norfolk Island group (-29°02’S 167°57’E) Prior to July 2015 Norfolk Island was an external, is an Australian territory situated approximately 1400 self-governing territory, with independent biosecurity km directly east of Evans Head on the Australian laws, but subsequent reforms have led to a return to mainland. It is comprised of three small islands, Australian Commonwealth administration of Norfolk the main island - Norfolk Island, with two smaller Island. Up until July 2016 Norfolk Island managed

Fig. 1: Philip and Nepean Islands as viewed from Kingston Norfolk Island looking south NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY the biosecurity of the island separately to the often diffi cult to access. In part, this is as per usual for mainland under its own jurisdiction and regulations. scientifi c endeavours published in different discipline The application of these regulations meant that very areas; however, it is compounded by a considerable few plants, animals and their products were permitted amount of information being in either unpublished to enter Norfolk Island for nearly 40 years. During government reports or privately published (i.e. ‘grey’ this time, the only plant products moved onto the literature). For some taxa such as plants, existing island on a regular basis were ginger, onions, garlic information is quite detailed and extensive, and in and potatoes; additionally, there were signifi cant this regard the survey was less intensive and served restrictions on the import of seeds and whole plants. to complement available information on introduced In recent years there has been an interest to have the plants on Norfolk Island (excluding Nepean and ability to move a wider range of plants and plant Philip Islands), whereas in other groups, such as products to the island. To enable the safe movement mites, there is almost no pre-existing information. of plants, animals and their products between the Hence, given the issues indicated above, to assist in mainland of Australia (including Tasmania) [or facilitating access to information on the fauna and elsewhere] and Norfolk Island, and visa versa; fl ora of Norfolk Island, an extensive list of references information was required on the plant and animal pest is provided in this document to complement the and disease status of Norfolk Island. A survey that survey data. spanned seasons and years was required to establish Norfolk and Philip Islands are the weathered a baseline of data on the plant and animal health remnants of volcanoes on the Norfolk Ridge linking status of Norfolk Island. It documented what pests New Caledonia and New Zealand. Soils are uniformly and diseases are present on the island and what was deep volcanics overlying basalt (Jones and McDougall absent, hence the signifi cant difference between the 1973). Nepean Island was formed from windblown island and the rest of Australia. These data are being sand dunes during the last two ice ages (Anon. 2003). used to determine potential pest and disease threats Norfolk Island is the largest of the Norfolk Island that the mainland of Australia and Tasmania pose to group at 32 km2 and has a subtropical climate with an Norfolk Island and, conversely, what pest and disease average rainfall of around 1300 mm per year (falling threats Norfolk Island may pose to the mainland of throughout the year but mostly in June and July) and Australia and Tasmania. Furthermore from mid-July an average temperature range of 12-20° C in winter, 2016, there has been the extension of Australian and 19-25° C in summer (BOM 2015) [a mild climate (Commonwealth) biosecurity regulation to Norfolk with good rainfall]. Pre-European vegetation of the Island and the removal of the existing Norfolk Island island comprised subtropical rainforest (Figs 2, 3, 4), regulations. The results of the data collected during but this has largely been cleared, with exception of the survey work are presented here. that now mostly conserved in Norfolk Island National To achieve this, during 2012-2014 a series Park (approximately 462 ha, including Philip and of surveys, the Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey Nepean Islands). The remainder of the island is rural (NIQS), were conducted on the Norfolk Island group (primarily on Norfolk Island with some sampling on Philip Island). The purpose of these surveys was to provide a baseline of data on which appropriate measures for the biosecurity border management for both export and import could be developed. Target groups of organisms for the survey included weeds (terrestrial vascular plants only), plant pathogens, invertebrate plant and animal pests, mammalian diseases and some diseases in selected bird species. The survey was broad ranging in its application, and unusual in both its repeated nature, covering all seasons over a span of two years, as well as a primary focus as a baseline for biosecurity research, rather than being triggered by an incursion of a pest or pathogen. The survey work did not include the marine environment. Literature on the animals and plants of Norfolk Fig. 2: Norfolk Island coastal habitat Island varies signifi cantly from taxon to taxon and is

8 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Fig. 3: Norfolk cordyline habitat Fig. 4: Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria hetero- phylla (Salisb.) Franco [Pinales: Araucariaceae]) to rural-residential, with cattle grazing and vegetable habitat production some of the main land-based rural industries. The majority of fresh fruit and vegetables Department of Agriculture 2015 [this can be required by the population are produced on the island provided on request]. For all organisms, sampling and very few imports are permitted. was conducted across Norfolk Island in urban, rural Philip Island is entirely national park, being and ‘natural’ environments (Fig. 5). Survey work declared as an extension to Norfolk Island National on Philip Island consisted of two, one-day sampling Park in 1996. Prior to the early 1980s it was almost trips: bird faecal material in February 2014, non- completely denuded of vegetation, and eroded by fungal plant pathogens in November 2014 and one, the effects of introduced pigs, goats and rabbits, all two-day sampling trip for invertebrates and plant of which have been subject to intensive eradication fungal pathogens in October 2014. Techniques used programs. A revegetation program was instigated for sampling was dependent on the target taxon. All in the 1980s, with aerial seeding of Norfolk Island the data were consolidated into spreadsheets and a pines, followed by direct plantings of a range database. of Norfolk Island native plants. Regeneration is ongoing (R.Ward pers. comm.). Nepean Island is Introduced vascular plants similarly included in Norfolk Island National Park. Due to the large body of existing data on vascular Pre-European vegetation comprised an open forest plants for Norfolk Island, surveys for this component of Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco (Norfolk of the biota were less extensive. Two surveys of two Island pine), but this was entirely cleared by the mid weeks duration were undertaken, once in Spring 2013 19th Century (Anon. 2003). and Autumn 2014, focusing on the naturalised taxa. The biota of Norfolk Island comprises Species known only from cultivation as crops or approximately 566 vascular plant species (430 amenity plantings were not specifi cally targeted during introduced), 116 birds species (including 11 the survey. Specimens were collected using standard introduced and 66 vagrant species), 10 mammal species (all introduced) as well as many invertebrates and plant pathogens. This survey provides a unique and comprehensive biosecurity data set for a small, subtropical, western Pacifi c island.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey was managed by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture. A summary of the methodologies is included below. Greater detail can be obtained from the unpublished Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey Fig. 5: Survey staff inspecting felled Norfolk Technical Report of the Australian Government Island pine for infestations

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 9 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY herbarium specimen collection techniques, pressed for Animal Health (OIE). European honey bees were and dried on Norfolk Island prior to being transported introduced into Norfolk Island sometime in the to quarantine containment facilities on mainland 19th century (they were introduced into mainland Australia for morphological identifi cation. A review Australia in 1822 and it is thought that sometime of the existing literature relating to introduced plants after this, bees were taken from mainland Australia to on Norfolk Island was also undertaken. Specimens Norfolk Island) with no import of live bees and only are lodged in the Australian National Herbarium, new bee keeping equipment imported to the island Canberra (CANB), with duplicates in New Zealand for the past 40 years, hence limited exposure to bee (primarily AK, also CHR and WELT) and Australian pests and diseases in the recent past. The indigenous herbaria as appropriate. Herbarium codes follow bee fauna of Norfolk Island appears to be depauperate Index Herbariorum (Thiers 2015). with only three species of solitary native bees having been recorded from Norfolk Island (one by Naumann Invertebrates (1990), one by this survey and one subsequent to the Invertebrate collections primarily targeted plant survey). However, it should be noted that this may pests; however, collections for vectors and pests of not be a true refl ection of the extent of the bee fauna animals as well as incidentals were also undertaken. of Norfolk Island as no targeted surveys for native A target list of 42 plant species (Table 1, pp 18-19) bees have been undertaken, and the adults of bees so provided the focus of all invertebrate surveys. A far recorded are normally only on the wing for a few series of six, seven day surveys were undertaken (two weeks in the year. Solitary bees are not considered during separate summers and separate springs, and one likely to be reservoirs of European honey bee pests each during winter and autumn) during 2012-2014. or pathogens. Surveys of 25 target pests and diseases Techniques included hand inspection (Fig. 5), beating, of European honey bees were conducted during the sweep netting, yellow pan traps, light traps, traps with spring of 2013, with follow up surveys in 2014. Over lights and a source of CO2, lure baited traps (Qfl y, 6000 individual bees were sampled mostly from medfl y, papaya fruit fl y, BezziLure™, LuciLure™) managed hives, with additional material taken from and Berlese funnels. Specimens collected were stored active and abandoned feral nests. The bees were in ethanol or set and pinned for later identifi cation. collected by hand. Notes on the conditions of the Identifi cation was primarily morphologically-based, hives and bees were taken. The samples were either with the use of molecular diagnostics as appropriate. preserved in 70% ethanol or frozen and taken back to All invertebrate specimens (apart from molluscs) are the mainland under permit and held in a quarantine lodged in the Australian National Insect Collection containment facility where morphological and (ANIC), Canberra. The molluscs have been deposited molecular diagnostics were undertaken. in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Fungal plant pathogens European honey bees Fungal plant pathogens were surveyed by Methodologies and sampling of European honey sampling of plant parts from target taxa. A target list bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 6) largely of 42 plant species (Table 1, pp 18-19) provided the followed protocols outlined by the World Organisation focus of all fungal plant pathogen surveys. A series of six, seven day surveys were undertaken (two during separate summers and separate springs, and one each during winter and autumn) during 2012-2014. Plant material was pressed and dried on Norfolk Island and subsequently transported to mainland Australia under a biosecurity permit to a quarantine containment facility where molecular analyses and morphological diagnostics were undertaken. Fungal plant pathogen specimens have been lodged in the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Plant Pathology Herbarium Brisbane (BRIP).

Non-fungal plant pathogens Fig. 6: Queen bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 Non-fungal plant pathogens were surveyed by [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) with workers on comb, sampling of plant parts from target taxa. A target Norfolk Island list of 42 plant species (Table 1, pp 18-19) provided

10 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY the focus of all non-fungal plant pathogen surveys. A series of six, seven day surveys were undertaken (two during separate summers and separate springs, and one each during winter and autumn) during 2012-2014. Plant material was shredded into fi ne particles and dehydrated by low heat drying and silica gel before transport to quarantine containment facilities on mainland Australia for molecular testing. Field symptoms were also noted. Specimens of plant pathogen bacteria and viruses are lodged in Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Plant Pathology Herbarium Brisbane (BRIP). Fig. 7: Green parrot (Cyanoramphus cooki (G.R. Vertebrates – veterinary diseases and pests Gray, 1859) [Psittaciformes: Psittacidae]), Nor- Norfolk Island has no extant native mammals. folk Island Two species of bats, previously known from the island, are now considered extinct. Currently there which were new records for Norfolk Island. A further are 10 species of mammal occurring on the island. 124 species have been recorded by other authors, Tests were undertaken for the presence of diseases but were not collected or observed during the NIQS in cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, horses and dogs, and an survey (Table 2C, pp 32-34). The naturalised fl ora assessment of veterinary records was also undertaken. of Norfolk Island now totals 430 species (Tables Goats are also present on Norfolk Island, but no tests 2A-C, pp 20-34). Of the species recorded during were carried out on these animals, as they were not the survey, fi ve are not known to be naturalised present at the beginning of the survey, arriving from the Australian mainland mid-way through the survey program. The animals had also undergone mandatory testing prior to arrival. The main vertebrate fauna consists of birds, there are around 30 species native (many of which are migratory seabirds) and 10 introduced species. Sampling for avian infl uenza and/or avian tuberculosis was conducted on a range of native and introduced wild birds (Figs 7, 8). Testing was undertaken as per Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for terrestrial Animals of the OIE (OIE 2013b). In addition to the survey, historical reports of previous animal health surveys, records of importations to Norfolk Island, current regulations with regards to Fig. 8: White capped noddy (Anous minutus Boie, importations, and the presence or absence of known 1844 [Charadriiformes: Laridae]) nesting Philip insect or other arthropod vectors of various diseases Island, Norfolk Island group were also considered. elsewhere in Australia (Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R.Drumm., Howea forsteriana (C.Moore & RESULTS F.Muell.) Becc., Iberis umbellata L., Metrosideros kermadecensis W.R.B.Oliv. and Salvia coccinea 1747 species were recorded across all organism Juss. ex Murray group cultivars), although all are groups during the course of the survey, of which 658 commonly cultivated, at least in southern Australia are newly recorded for Norfolk Island. This number (see Spencer 1995-2005). will increase as new species are described from Approximately 1200 species of indigenous (e.g. specimens collected during the survey, particularly larvae of endemic longicorn beetles found in Norfolk in insect and fungal pathogen groups. Three hundred Island pine; Fig. 9) and introduced invertebrates were and six species of naturalised vascular plants were recorded, of which over 400 are newly recorded for recorded (289 collected (Table 2A, pp 20-30), 17 Norfolk Island, with at least 145 of these not known observed but not collected (Table 2B, p. 31), 56 of from elsewhere in Australia. A number of undescribed

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 11 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

(pigs), Equid herpesvirus type 1 (horses), Infl uenza A virus, Infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus (chickens) and feline immunodefi ciency virus and Felid herpesvirus 1 (cats), all of which are known to occur elsewhere in Australia (Table 7, pp 236-243). Five species of disease-vector mosquitoes (Aedes antipodeus (Edwards, 1920), Culex pervigilans Bergroth, 1889, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Aedes (Halaedes) australis (Erichson, 1842) and Aedes (Rampamyia) notoscriptus (Skuse, 1889)) were also collected, all of which (with the exception of Aedes antipodeus and Culex pervigilans) also Fig. 9: Enicodes fi chteli (Schreibers, 1802) [Cole- occur elsewhere in Australia. optera: Cerambycidae] larvae, endemic Norfolk Island longicorn beetle, in felled Norfolk Island Pine with bark peeled to expose larvae DISCUSSION species of many groups were collected, as well as many The Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey provides taxa that remain to be fully taxonomically resolved a robust baseline of data of animal and plant pests (Table 3, pp 35-177). A single bee virus (Lake Sinai and diseases occurring on Norfolk Island, hence virus 1) at low levels, the microsporidian Nosema providing a valuable aid for biosecurity decisions. ceranae I.Fr., F.Feng, J.A.da Silva, S.B.Slemenda This provides not only a foundation for management & N.J.Pieniazek and the lesser wax moth (Achroia for the development of quarantine measures between grisella (Fabricius, 1794)) were detected in Norfolk Norfolk Island and mainland Australia, but also an Island European honey bee populations, which were extensive data set, which can be used for a number otherwise found to be extremely healthy. All these of other scientifi c endeavours. For example, contrary taxa are known to occur in Australia. No pesticides, to expectations at the beginning of the survey, which antibiotics or other interventions are used to manage predicted a relatively limited number of introduced bees on Norfolk Island. There have been no imports species representing a fairly stable biota, due to of European honey bees to the Island since 1992, and the relatively small size of Norfolk Island and its only new bee keeping materials are permitted (Table uniform, benign climate, the survey revealed a 4, pp 178-196). high species diversity and signifi cant fl uctuations Twenty-four plant viruses (plus a number of taxa and instability in some invertebrate populations. that were not able to be fully resolved) were recorded An example of this is the extreme fl uctuations in during the NIQS survey, all of which were newly the populations of Bactericera cockerelli ulc, recorded for Norfolk Island (Table 5, pp 197-205). 1909 (tomato potato psyllid) which ranged from All but Alstroemeria mosaic virus and Veltheimia almost undetectable to extremely high populations mosaic virus are also known to occur elsewhere in back to almost undetectable within a span of three Australia. Two species of plant bacterial pathogens years (survey and post survey work by Thomas and (both new records for Norfolk Island) were recorded, colleagues). The survey also revealed a diverse and one of which (Candidatus Liberibacter solacearum) (apparently) increasing introduced vascular fl ora. is not known to occur in elsewhere Australia (Table Such observations are only possible through repeated 5, pp 197-205). Approximately 180 species of plant surveys over subsequent years, to allow sampling of pathogenic fungi were recorded during the survey, of seasonal and other temporal variances. which 129 were newly recorded for Norfolk Island Historical records of plant and animal pests and and 29 are putative new species. There are 24 species diseases on Norfolk Island are uneven, with some of plant pathogenic fungi that were recorded on groups almost unknown and others with considerable Norfolk Island that are currently not known to occur amounts of information available. Most records of elsewhere in Australia (Table 6, pp 206-235). invertebrate species prior to the survey (with the Diseases of vertebrates detected during the exception of Lepidoptera), were the result of brief, survey included Bovine viral diarrhoea virus1, single visits by collectors, occasionally followed up Mycobacterium bovis Karlson & Lessel, infectious by a subsequent visit. NIQS surveys have revealed bovine rhinotracheitis (Bovine herpesvirus 1), a much greater diversity of species than expected. Leptospira pomona (cattle), Porcine circovirus 2 For example, prior to the surveys there were only

12 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY three species of thrips recorded from Norfolk Island, the Norfolk Island group and the nearest land mass while at the conclusion of the survey over 60 species (New Caledonia), means that the primary pathway have been recorded from Norfolk Island (Mound for many of pests is via imported plants or animals. and Wells 2015). However, several of these species The absence of many species of quarantine concern were recorded only during one survey period, a few on Norfolk Island, which are otherwise present in in high numbers, and then never recorded again Australia, is likely to be due the current controls in despite subsequent extensive searches on the same place for movement of plant and animal material. hosts at the same time of year. Similarly, differential Note that since the completion of the NIQS, population densities were observed for some scale Norfolk Island has had incursions of two signifi cant insect species on Norfolk Island when compared to plant pests: a fungal pathogen, myrtle rust (Puccinia mainland Australia, in that some species common psidii G.Winter) and an insect, date seed borer across a range of host species on mainland Australia (Coccotrypes dactyliperda (Fabricius, 1801)). were uncommon on the same host species on Norfolk Island. Also notable were many of the adventive scale insect species, otherwise common on mainland ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Australia, that were not recorded during the NIQS survey, including Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, We are most grateful to the many people of Norfolk 1879), Aspidiotus destructor Signoret, 1869 and Island who supported survey staff and provided access to Chrysomphalus aonidium (Linnaeus, 1758). The their properties, in particular Merv Buffett, Lou Evans, cause(s) of these differences in faunal composition Hayden Evans, Phillip Evans, Matt Bigg, Patricia Buffett, John Smith, Margaret Smith, Dave South and George (Puss) and relative frequency is presently unknown. While Anderson; Jonno and Jo Snell of Greenway’s Press, Dave the vascular fl ora of Norfolk Island is relatively Bigg of Charter Marine, Caz Silick and Jacques Marges of well known, NIQS surveys confi rmed the presence the Golden Orb Cafe, Gary Robertson and Toni Wilson of of a number of previously unrecorded species, Photopress International; Pete Meers, Steve Mathews, Mark indicating continued incursions and/or naturalisation Scott, Jeff Singer of Norfolk Island Building Supplies; of weedy taxa. Conversely, a number of introduced Martin Cross of Agricultural Supplies; Kevin Coulter, Jill taxa recorded by earlier authors (Table 2C), were Oates of KC Industries; Charles Christian-Bailey, Kim not recorded during the surveys. Some of these Christian-Bailey, Steve Whelan, Brett Leigh, Raewynne taxa have been the target of eradication campaigns, Tarrant, Christian Bailey Agencies, and John Christian- Bailey of JCB Cabinets. A special thanks goes to Mr Neil whereas others may represent casual naturalisations Tavener (Snow) who provided unfl agging support for all that have not persisted. Such changes in fl oristic including participation in many of the activities facilitating composition, while not unexpected, reinforce the access to people, properties, building equipment or whatever need for close, continued management of naturalised was needed, and for his sense of humour. Additionally we plants on Norfolk Island, especially with regard to particularly thank the former Norfolk Government Minister management or eradication of potentially serious new for the Environment, the Honourable Mr Ron Ward who incursions. Comprehensive data is also now available provided unstinting support throughout the whole survey. for plant pathogens on Norfolk Island, with particular Additionally post-survey David Dall, Department of reference to those affecting agricultural and/or Agriculture and Water Resources is thanked for reviewing this manuscript. amenity plants. Prior to the NIQS surveys, there It is also acknowledged that the in-kind contributions was very limited knowledge of plant pathogens on from all survey staff went signifi cantly beyond contracted Norfolk Island, much of it in diffi cult to access ‘grey’ obligations, and has allowed for an extremely comprehensive literature. Survey results reveal relatively few plant set of data for Norfolk Island’s fl ora and fauna to be compiled. pathogens on Norfolk Island, refl ecting the restricted The survey staff comprised: Australian Government, movement of plant material onto Norfolk Island from Department of Agriculture and Water Resources: Glynn all sources. Maynard - responsible for the entire survey including Norfolk Island is particularly vulnerable to development, implementation and facilitation of survey pests and diseases due to its small size and relatively components; Catherine Walsh, Amelia Thomas - support and data processing; Bethany Reid - development and uniform environment, such that if a pest or disease compilation of weeds booklet, support and data processing; establishes, it is likely to very rapidly disperse island- Chris Dale, technology implementation. Consultants wide. Additionally, due to the nature of the island (in addition to those mentioned at the beginning of the terrain (hilly with numerous inaccessible areas that are paper) were as follows: - Brendan Lepschi, lead botanical heavily vegetated), control or eradication is diffi cult, studies, Australian National Herbarium; Carson Creagh, if not impossible. Norfolk Island’s biological isolation communications and community engagement strategy; (for terrestrial organisms) with over 600 km between Oliver Strewe, Oliver Strewe Photography; Steven Dunbar,

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 13 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Samphire Publishing Partners. Sabine Perrone, BioSecurity and Regional Development. The Norfolk Island and AgriSystems Protection Consultants, and Jonathan Government provided infrastructure, resources and Banks, Grainsmith, grain treatments and pathways. logistics on Norfolk Island. Assistance was also With technical support from: Introduced vascular provided by the staff of Norfolk Island National plants: Bronwyn Collins, Kirsten Cowley [Australian Park. National Herbarium]. Invertebrates: Vectors - Angus Sly [Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources]; Thrips and related orders: Laurence Mound, Alice Wells; General invertebrates: Ben Boyd, REFERENCES Adam Broadley, Michael Gorton, Jacquie Otley, Jurgen Otto, Darren Peck, Tony Robinson, Angus Sly and Luke Abell, R.S. and Falkland, A.C. (1991). The hydrogeology Watson [Australian Government Department of Agriculture of Norfolk Island, South Pacifi c Ocean. Department and Water Resources]. 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Jagoueix, S., Bové, J.M. and Garnier, M., (1996). PCR Mills, K. (2007d). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 4: the detection of the two ‘Candidatus’ liberobacter species naturalised species’. (Privately published: Jamberoo). associated with greening disease of citrus. Molecular Mills, K. (2007e). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 5: and Cellular Probes 10, 43-50. fi eld survey of the Norfolk Island endemic shrub Jones, J.G. and McDougall, I. (1973). Geological History Euphorbia norfolkiana (Euphorbiaceae)’. (Privately of Norfolk and Philip Islands, Southwest Pacifi c published: Jamberoo). Ocean. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia Mills, K. (2007f). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 6: 20, 239-257. preliminary vegetation survey of Philip Island’. Karolemeas, K., de la Rua-Domenech, R., Cooper, R., (Privately published: Jamberoo). Goodchild, A.V., Clifton-Hadley, R.S., Conlan, Mills, K. 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In ‘Island species for the island group’. (Privately published: Invasives: Eradication and Management’ (Eds C.R. Jamberoo). Veitch, M.N. Clout and D.R. Towns) pp 74-77. Mills, K. (2010a). The Flora of Norfolk Island. 11: fi eld (International Union for Conservation of Nature, survey and assessment of the critically endangered Gland, Switzerland). endemic plant Wikstroemia australis (Kurrajong). Lenzen, M. (2008). Sustainable island businesses: a (Privately published: Jamberoo). case study of Norfolk Island. Journal of Cleaner Mills, K. (2011). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 12: the Production 16 2018-2035. plants of Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands: Lepschi, B., Collins, B. and Cowley, K. (2014). ‘Norfolk similarities and differences’. (Privately published: Island Quarantine Survey 2013-2014 Vascular Jamberoo). Plants’. (Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Mills, K. (2012a). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 13: a Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra. photographic guide to the seedlings and saplings of Unpublished report to Australian Government the woody plants in Norfolk Island National Park’. Department of Agriculture). (Privately published: Jamberoo). Lepschi, B.J., Mallinson, D.J. and Cargill, D.C. (eds). Mills, K. (2012b). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 14: the (2012). ‘Census of the Vascular Plants, Hornworts, endangered plants in the national park: fi eld survey Liverworts and Slime Moulds of the Australian and review’. (Privately published: Jamberoo). Capital Territory’, version 3.0. http:// www.anbg.gov. Mills, K. (2012c). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 15: plants au/cpbr/ACT-census-2012/ index.html (accessed 11 of the Norfolk Island Botanic Garden: survey and August 2014). assessment’. (Privately published: Jamberoo). Lonsdale, W.M. (1994). Inviting trouble: Introduced Mills, K. (2012d). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 16: the pasture species in northern Australia. Australian wetland plants’. (Privately published: Jamberoo). Journal of Ecology 19, 345-354. Mills, K. (2012e). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 17: the Manning, J.C., Goldblatt, P., Duncan, G.D., Forest, plants of Norfolk Island: a bibliography’. (Privately F., Kaiser, R. and Tatarenko, I. (2010) Botany published: Jamberoo). and horticulture of the genus Freesia (Iridaceae). Mills, K. (2013). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 18: the fern Strelitzia 27, 1-114. fl ora’. (Privately published: Jamberoo). Miller, G. (1978). ‘The prospects for rural development on Morton, J.M., Phillips, N.J., Taylor, L.F. and McGowan, Norfolk Island’. Occasional Paper No. 46 (Bureau M.R. (2013). Bovine viral diarrhoea virus in beef of Agricultural Economics. Australian Government heifers in commercial herds in Australia: mob-level Publishing Service, Canberra). http://adl.brs.gov. seroprevalences and incidences of seroconversion, au/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99001481/op46__ and vaccine effi cacy. Australian Veterinary Journal norfolk_island.pdf (Accessed 11 January 2013) 91, 517-524. Mills, K. (2007a). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 1: the Mound, L.A.M. (2015). Endemics and adventives: indigenous fl ora’. (Privately published: Jamberoo). Thysanoptera (Insecta) biodiversity of Norfolk, a tiny Mills, K. (2007b). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 2: Pacifi c Island. Zootaxa 3964, 183-210. epiphytes and mistletoes’. (Privately published: Naumann, I.D. (1990). The aculeate wasps and bees Jamberoo). (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip Islands. The Mills, K. (2007c). ‘The Flora of Norfolk Island. 3: the Australian Entomological Magazine 17, 17-28. coastal species’. (Privately published: Jamberoo).

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NBPSP (2011). ‘National Bee Pest Surveillance Spence, T. (1951). Control of sheep scab in Britain. Program Operations Manual version 1.0’ http:// Australian Veterinary Journal 27, 136-146. www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/wpcontent/ Spencer, R. (1995-2005). ‘Horticultural fl ora of south- uploads/2014/12/NBPSP-Operations-Manual.pdf eastern Australia, volumes 1-5’. (UNSW Press: (Plant Health Australia, Canberra ACT). Sydney). Neuweger, D, White, P. and Ponder, W. (2001). Land St. George, T.D. and French, E.L. (1966). Isolation of a snails from Norfolk Island sites. Records of the bovine strain of myxovirus para-infl uenza type 3 in Australian Museum 27, 115-122. Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 42, 438-439. O’Donnell. K. and Cigelnik, E. (1997). Two divergent St. George, T.D. (1969). A bovine strain of myxovirus intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a parainfl uenza type 3: experimental transmission and monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are a survey of antibodies in cattle in Australia and New nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Guinea. Australian Veterinary Journal 45, 315-320. Evolution 7, 103-116. St. George, T.D., Snowdon, W.A., Parsonson, I.M., and O’Donnell, K., Kistler, H.C., Cigelink, E., Ploetz, R.C. French, E.L. (1967). A serological survey of mucosal (1998). Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus disease and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle causing Panama disease of banana: concordant in Australia and New Guinea. Australian Veterinary evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene Journal 43, 549-557. genealogies. Proceedings of the National Academy Stewart, J.D. (1945). Scab in sheep in Australia and its of Sciences of the United States of America 95, 2044- eradication. Australian Veterinary Journal 21, 32-35. 2049. Tang, J., Elliott, D.R., Quinn, B.D., Clover, G.R.G., and OIE (2013a). OIE-Listed Diseases, Infections and Alexander, B.J.R. (2008). Occurrence of hibiscus Infestations in Force in 2013. http://www.oie.int/ chlorotic ringspot virus in Hibiscus spp. in New animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listeddiseases-2013/ Zealand. Plant Disease 92, 1367-1367. (Accessed 8 April 2013) Thiers, B. (2015; continuously updated). ‘Index OIE (2013b). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria for Terrestrial Animals 2013, Chapter 2.4.7 Bovine and associated staff’. New York Botanical Garden’s Tuberculosis. http://www.oie.int/fi leadmin/Home/ Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.04.07_BOVINE_ ih/ (accessed 9th December 2015). TB.pdf (Accessed 1 October 2013). Thomas, J., Sullivan, K., Barnes, A.M., Geering, A. Ortiz-Catedra, L., McInnes, K., Hauber, M.E. and Maynard, G., Dohmen-Vereijssen, J. and Smith, G. Brunton, D.H. (2009). First report of beak and feather (2017). Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum on disease virus (BFDV) in wild Red-fronted Parakeets Norfolk Island. Final Report PBCRC2146 February (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) in New Zealand. 2017; Report from the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Emu 109, 244-247. Research Centre. Paton, R., Brown, B.N., Jones, D.R. and Khair, G. Untiveros, M., Perez-Egusquiza, Z. and Clover, G.R.G. (1982). ‘Plant Pest and Disease Survey of Norfolk (2010). PCR assays for the detection of members of Island’. (Plant Quarantine Branch Commonwealth the genus Ilarvirus and family Bromoviridae. Journal Department of Health. Canberra unpublished). of Virological Methods 165, 97-104. Rentz, D.C.F. (1988).The Orthopteroid Insects of Norfolk van Rijswijk, B., Rodoni, B.C., Revill, P.A., Thomas, J.E., Island, with Descriptions and Records of Some Morall, J.R. and Harding, R.M. (2004). Analysis of Related Species from Lord Howe Island. Invertebrate variability in partial sequences of genomes of tobacco Taxonomy 2, 1013-1077. yellow dwarf virus isolates. Australasian Plant Sampson, H. (no date) ‘Geology of Norfolk Island’ Pathology 33, 367-370. (Booklet Quality Press, ISBN: 0-9757139-06) Treadgold, M.L. (1984). Growth, structural change and Sharman, M., Thomas, J.E. and Dietzgen, R.G. (2000). distribution in a very small economy: a case study Development of a multiplex immunocapture PCR of Norfolk Island. Journal of Developing Areas 19, with colourimetric detection for viruses of banana. 35-58. Journal of Virological Methods 89, 75-88. Walsh, N.G. and Stajsic, V. (2007). ‘A census of the Sheridan, T. (2011). Bovine viral diarrhoea virus vascular plants of Victoria, 8th edn’. (National eradication campaign completed. http://www.info. Herbarium of Victoria: Melbourne). gov.nf/assembly/Media%20Releases/2011/2011_09_ White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. and Taylor, J. (1990). 09_BVDV%20Eradication%20Programme%20Comp Amplifi cation and direct sequencing of fungal leted.pdf (Accessed 11 January 2013) ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In ‘PCR Smithers C.N. (1998). A species list and bibliography of Protocols: a guide to methods and applications’ (Eds the insects recorded from Norfolk Island. Technical M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky, T.J. White) Reports of the Australian Museum 13, 1-55. pp. 315-322. (Academic Press, San Diego, USA). Snowdon, W.A. (1971). Some aspects of the epizootiology of bovine ephemeral fever in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 47, 312-317.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 17 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Table 1. Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey- plant target list for invertebrate and plant pathogen surveys

Family Species Alliaceae Allium ampleoprasum L. (leek), Allium fi stulosum L. (spring onion), Allium schoenoprasum L. (chive) Chenopodiaceae Beta vulgaris L. (silverbeet, beetroot), Chenopodium album L. (fat hen), Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica L. (mango) Apiaceae Anethum graveloens L. (dill), Apium graveolens L. (celery), Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel), Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (parsley) Apocynaceae Plumeria L. (frangipani) Araucariaceae Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco (Norfolk Island pine) Arecaceae Howea Becc. (Lord Howe Island palm), Rhopalostylis baueri (Seem.) H.Wend. & Drude (Norfolk Island palm) Asparagaceae Cordyline obtecta (Graham) Baker (ti) Asteraceae Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat., Gerbera L., Lactuca sativa L.(lettuce), Senecio australis Willd., Senecio hooglandii Belcher Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L. (Asian greens, cabbage, broccoli), Brassica rapa L. (turnip, bok choy) Bromeliaceae Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (pineapple) Capparaceae Capparis nobilis (Endl.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (devil’s guts) Caricaceae Carica papaya L. (papaya, paw paw) Convolvulaceae Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (sweet potato) Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (watermelon), Cucurbita maxima Lam. (pumpkin), Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) Cyatheaceae Cyathea brownii Domin (Norfolk Island tree fern) Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook (downy ground fern) Euphorbiaceae Acalypha L., Baloghia inophylla (G.Forst.) P.S.Green (brush bloodwood), Euphorbia peplus L. (petty spurge) Fabaceae Medicago sativa L. (lucerne), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Trifolium repens L. (white clover), Vicia faba L. (broad bean, faba bean) Lamiaceae Mentha L. (mint), Rosmarinus offi cinalis L. (rosemary), Salvia offi cinalis L. (sage) Lauraceae Persea americana Mill. (avocado) Loranthaceae Ileostylus micranthus (Hook.f.) Tiegh. (mistletoe) Malvaceae Hibiscus insularis Endl. (Philip Island Hibiscus), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Chinese hibiscus), Lagunaria patersonia (Andrews) G.Don (white oak) Meliaceae Dysoxylum bijugum (Labill.) Seem. (sharkwood) Mimosaceae Acacia Mill. Moraceae Streblus pendulinus (Endl.) F.Muell. (whalebone tree) Musaceae Musa L. (banana, plantains) Myrtaceae Eucalyptus L’Hér., Eugenia unifl ora L. (Surinam cherry), Psidium L. spp. (guava) Oleaceae Ligustrum L. (privet) Oxalidaceae Oxalis L. (oxalis, soursob) Pasifl oraceae Passifl ora edulis Sims (passionfruit) Piperaceae Macropiper excelsum (G.Forst.) Miq. (kava) Pittosporaceae Meryta angustifolia (Endl.) Seem, Pittosporum bracteolatum Endl. (oleander) Poaceae Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) (kikuyu grass), Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler (summer grass), Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnson grass), Zea mays L. (maize) Primulaceae Rapanea ralstoniae P.S.Green (beech) Psilotaceae Tmesipteris norfolkensis P.S.Green (hanging fork fern) Rosaceae Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (loquat), Fragaria ×annanssa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (strawberry), Malus Mill. (apple), Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (peach, nectarine), Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino, Rosa L. (rose), Rubus L.

18 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Rubiaceae Coffea L. (coffee) Rutaceae Citrus ×aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (lime), Citrus ×limon (L.) Osbeck (lemon), Citrus reticulata Blanco (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (orange), Melicope littoralis (Endl.) T.G.Hartley (shade tree), Zanthoxylum pinnatum (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) W.R.B.Oliv. (little yellow wood) Solanaceae Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato), Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) (L.) Gaertn., Solanum tuberosum L. (potato), Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco), other Solanaceae species Sterculiaceae Ungeria fl oribunda Schott & Endl. (bastard oak) Verbenaceae Lantana camara L. (lantana) Violaceae Melicytus ramifl orus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (whiteywood)

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 19 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Table 2A. Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey – vascular plants (collected)

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.04 167.99 CANB 874062 25/9/2013 Acanthaceae Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874121 27/9/2013 Acanthaceae Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker -29.03 167.95 CANB 874359 25/2/2014 Acanthaceae Ruellia L. Hydrocleys nymphoides -29.03 167.97 CANB 874333 22/2/2014 Alismataceae (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Buchenau -29.04 167.94 CANB 874318 21/2/2014 Alstroemeriaceae Alstroemeria psittacina Lehm. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874204 2/10/2013 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitum L. -29.01 167.92 CANB 874278 19/2/2014 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitum -29.04 167.94 CANB 874209 2/10/2013 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus caudatus L. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874070 25/9/2013 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus -29.04 167.94 CANB 874320 21/2/2014 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874037 24/9/2013 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874321 21/2/2014 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis -29.04 167.93 CANB 874261 18/2/2014 Anacardiaceae Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi -29.04 167.94 CANB 874198 2/10/2013 Apiaceae Ammi majus L. -29.01 167.94 CANB 874185 1/10/2013 Apiaceae Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Cyclospermum leptophyllum -29.00 167.93 CANB 874022 24/9/2013 Apiaceae (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P.Wilson -29.04 167.94 CANB 874115 27/9/2013 Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare Mill. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874202 2/10/2013 Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare -29.01 167.92 CANB 874158 29/9/2013 Apiaceae Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss -29.03 167.95 CANB 874297 20/2/2014 Apiaceae Petroselinum crispum -29.00 167.93 CANB 874040 24/9/2013 Apiaceae Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874288 19/2/2014 Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don -29.03 167.95 CANB 874311 21/2/2014 Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus -29.00 167.92 CANB 874160 29/9/2013 Apocynaceae Gomphocarpus physocarpus E.Mey. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874376 26/2/2014 Apocynaceae Gomphocarpus physocarpus -29.04 167.94 CANB 874287 19/2/2014 Apocynaceae Nerium oleander L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874117 27/9/2013 Apocynaceae Vinca major L. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874369 26/2/2014 Araceae Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott -29.03 167.95 CANB 874302 20/2/2014 Araceae Monstera deliciosa Liebm. -29.04 168.00 CANB 874242 4/10/2013 Araceae Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. -29.05 167.93 CANB 874342 23/2/2014 Araliaceae Scheffl era actinophylla (Endl.) Harms -29.04 167.95 CANB 874370 26/2/2014 Arecaceae Howea forsteriana (C.Moore & F.Muell.) Becc. -29.05 167.92 CANB 874134 28/9/2013 Asparagaceae Agave americana L. var. americana -29.04 167.94 CANB 874289 19/2/2014 Asparagaceae Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques -29.04 167.97 CANB 874334 22/2/2014 Asparagaceae Chlorophytum comosum -29.04 167.93 CANB 874259 18/2/2014 Asparagaceae Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. -29.01 167.93 CANB 874325 22/2/2014 Asparagaceae Furcraea foetida -29.05 167.98 CANB 874252 18/2/2014 Asparagaceae Yucca aloifolia L. -29.06 167.97 CANB 874189 1/10/2013 Asphodelaceae Aloe maculata All.

20 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.01 167.94 CANB 874175 30/9/2013 Asteraceae Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. -29.05 167.98 CANB 874000 23/9/2013 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides L. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874078 26/9/2013 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides -29.04 167.99 CANB 874058 25/9/2013 Asteraceae Arctotheca calendula (L.) K.Lewin Argyranthemum frutescens -29.06 167.97 CANB 874226 3/10/2013 Asteraceae subsp. foeniculaceum (Pit.) Humphries -29.02 167.97 CANB 874080 26/9/2013 Asteraceae Aster subulatus Michx. -29.04 167.92 CANB 874263 18/2/2014 Asteraceae Aster subulatus -29.00 167.93 CANB 874031 24/9/2013 Asteraceae Bidens pilosa L. -29.05 167.97 CANB 874380 27/2/2014 Asteraceae Bidens pilosa -29.04 167.94 CANB 874205 2/10/2013 Asteraceae Calendula offi cinalis L. -29.01 167.93 CANB 874179 30/9/2013 Asteraceae Carduus tenuifl orus Curtis -29.03 167.98 CANB 874238 4/10/2013 Asteraceae Carduus tenuifl orus -29.04 167.94 CANB 874105 27/9/2013 Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. -29.02 167.92 CANB 874181 30/9/2013 Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare -29.06 167.96 CANB 874129 27/9/2013 Asteraceae Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist -29.00 167.93 CANB 874292 20/2/2014 Asteraceae Conyza bonariensis -29.06 167.95 CANB 873986 23/9/2013 Asteraceae Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker -29.00 167.93 CANB 874293 20/2/2014 Asteraceae Conyza sumatrensis -29.06 167.96 CANB 873957 22/9/2013 Asteraceae Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook.f. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874007 24/9/2013 Asteraceae Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore -29.04 167.94 CANB 874203 2/10/2013 Asteraceae Dimorphotheca ecklonis DC. -29.06 167.96 CANB 874269 18/2/2014 Asteraceae Erechtites valerianifolius (Link ex Spreng.) DC. -29.06 167.94 CANB 874382 27/2/2014 Asteraceae Erechtites valerianifolius -29.05 167.96 CANB 874248 5/10/2013 Asteraceae Erigeron karvinskianus DC -29.02 167.97 CANB 874366 25/2/2014 Asteraceae Erigeron karvinskianus -29.04 167.99 CANB 874067 25/9/2013 Asteraceae Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord. -29.04 167.98 CANB 874251 5/10/2013 Asteraceae Euryops chrysanthemoides -29.00 167.93 CANB 874015 24/9/2013 Asteraceae Galinsoga parvifl ora Cav. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874059 25/9/2013 Asteraceae Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd. -29.01 167.95 CANB 874230 4/10/2013 Asteraceae Gamochaeta americana -29.01 167.95 CANB 874229 4/10/2013 Asteraceae Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera -29.00 167.93 CANB 874006 24/9/2013 Asteraceae Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera -29.04 167.94 CANB 874201 2/10/2013 Asteraceae Gazania linearis (Thunb.) Druce -29.02 167.93 CANB 874245 5/10/2013 Asteraceae Hypochaeris glabra L. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874082 26/9/2013 Asteraceae Hypochaeris radicata L. -29.04 167.92 CANB 874262 18/2/2014 Asteraceae Lactuca saligna L. -29.03 167.96 CANB 874306 20/2/2014 Asteraceae Lactuca saligna -29.00 167.93 CANB 874012 24/9/2013 Asteraceae Sigesbeckia orientalis L. -29.03 167.98 CANB 874237 4/10/2013 Asteraceae Sigesbeckia orientalis -29.02 167.96 CANB 874089 26/9/2013 Asteraceae Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pav.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 21 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.02 167.97 CANB 874083 26/9/2013 Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus L. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874030 24/9/2013 Asteraceae Tagetes minuta L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874200 2/10/2013 Asteraceae Tagetes patula L. -29.05 167.97 CANB 874352 24/2/2014 Asteraceae Tagetes patula -29.00 167.93 CANB 874041 24/9/2013 Asteraceae Taraxacum F.H.Wigg. -29.03 167.99 CANB 874338 23/2/2014 Asteraceae Taraxacum sp. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874036 24/9/2013 Balsaminaceae Impatiens walleriana Hook.f. -29.02 167.92 CANB 874296 20/2/2014 Balsaminaceae Impatiens walleriana -29.04 167.94 CANB 874378 26/2/2014 Basellaceae Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis -29.04 167.94 CANB 874106 27/9/2013 Bignoniaceae Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. -29.03 167.99 CANB 874340 23/2/2014 Bignoniaceae Tecoma capensis -29.04 167.94 CANB 874208 2/10/2013 Boraginaceae Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R.Drumm. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874213 2/10/2013 Brassicaceae Brassica ?oleracea -29.00 167.93 CANB 874021 24/9/2013 Brassicaceae Brassica cf. ×juncea -29.00 167.93 CANB 874047 24/9/2013 Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L. [cultivated] -29.06 167.94 CANB 874187 1/10/2013 Brassicaceae Brassica ×juncea (L.) Czern. -29.06 167.95 CANB 873987 23/9/2013 Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874023 24/9/2013 Brassicaceae Cardamine fl exuosa With. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874206 2/10/2013 Brassicaceae Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC -29.03 167.95 CANB 874309 21/2/2014 Brassicaceae Diplotaxis tenuifolia -29.04 167.99 CANB 874065 25/9/2013 Brassicaceae Eruca sativa Mill. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874199 2/10/2013 Brassicaceae Eruca sativa -29.04 167.94 CANB 874207 2/10/2013 Brassicaceae Iberis umbellata L. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874018 24/9/2013 Brassicaceae Lepidium bonariense L. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874049 24/9/2013 Brassicaceae Lepidium bonariense -29.06 167.96 CANB 870136 22/9/2013 Brassicaceae Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. -29.06 167.96 CANB 873968 23/9/2013 Brassicaceae Matthiola incana (L.) W.T.Aiton -29.00 167.93 CANB 874011 24/9/2013 Brassicaceae Sisymbrium offi cinale (L.) Scop. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874009 24/9/2013 Brassicaceae Sisymbrium orientale L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874110 27/9/2013 Cannaceae Canna indica L. -29.03 167.95 CANB 874300 20/2/2014 Cannaceae Canna indica -29.05 167.93 CANB 874341 23/2/2014 Caricaceae Carica papaya L. -29.06 167.96 CANB 873958 22/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874123 27/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum -29.02 167.96 CANB 874091 26/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Paronychia brasiliana DC. -29.02 167.96 CANB 874088 26/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Petrorhagia dubia (Raff.) G.Lopez & Romo -29.00 167.93 CANB 874014 24/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. -29.06 167.96 CANB 874127 27/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Sagina apetala Ard. -29.06 167.96 CANB 873964 23/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Silene gallica L. var. gallica -29.02 167.97 CANB 874077 26/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Silene gallica var. gallica

22 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number Silene gallica var. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874074 26/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae quinquevulnera (L.) W.D.J.Koch -29.06 167.96 CANB 870137 22/9/2013 Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media (L.) Vill. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874197 2/10/2013 Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Sieber ex Spreng. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874358 25/2/2014 Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca [cultivated] -29.00 167.93 CANB 874010 24/9/2013 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. -29.03 167.99 CANB 874323 21/2/2014 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album -29.04 167.99 CANB 874066 25/9/2013 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium murale L. -29.03 167.98 CANB 874240 4/10/2013 Chenopodiaceae Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants -29.04 167.94 CANB 874319 21/2/2014 Chenopodiaceae Dysphania ambrosioides Einadia trigonos subsp. -29.00 167.92 CANB 874279 19/2/2014 Chenopodiaceae stellulata (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson -29.03 167.95 CANB 874298 20/2/2014 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874109 27/9/2013 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. -29.06 167.94 CANB 874152 29/9/2013 Crassulaceae Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken -29.04 167.94 CANB 874116 27/9/2013 Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima Lam. -29.03 167.95 CANB 874312 21/2/2014 Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima -29.05 167.97 CANB 874346 24/2/2014 Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima -29.00 167.93 CANB 874046 24/9/2013 Cucurbitaceae Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. [cultivated] -29.02 167.93 CANB 874247 5/10/2013 Cyperaceae Carex leporina L. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874222 3/10/2013 Cyperaceae Cyperus albostriatus Schrad. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874055 25/9/2013 Cyperaceae Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk. -29.01 167.93 CANB 874154 29/9/2013 Cyperaceae Cyperus gracilis R.Br. -29.05 167.95 CANB 874002 23/9/2013 Cyperaceae Cyperus involucratus Rottb. -29.06 167.96 CANB 874266 18/2/2014 Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. -29.02 167.92 CANB 874295 20/2/2014 Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874375 26/2/2014 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cyathophora Murray -29.03 167.95 CANB 874004 24/9/2013 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus L. -29.01 167.93 CANB 874157 29/9/2013 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia prostrata Aiton -29.06 167.96 CANB 874190 2/10/2013 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia prostrata -29.06 167.96 CANB 874265 18/2/2014 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia prostrata -29.06 167.96 CANB 874270 18/2/2014 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia prostrata -29.00 167.93 CANB 874038 24/9/2013 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874368 26/2/2014 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus tenellus -29.00 167.93 CANB 874029 24/9/2013 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874377 26/2/2014 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis -29.00 167.93 CANB 874048 24/9/2013 Fabaceae Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. [cultivated] -29.02 167.92 CANB 874163 29/9/2013 Fabaceae Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) (Caesalpinioideae) Alston Fabaceae Paraserianthes lophantha -29.04 167.94 CANB 874112 27/9/2013 (Caesalpinioideae) (Wild.) I.C.Nielsen subsp. lophantha -29.04 167.94 CANB 874317 21/2/2014 Fabaceae Senna pendula var. glabrata (Caesalpinioideae) (Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 23 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.02 167.92 CANB 874162 29/9/2013 Fabaceae Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) (Caesalpinioideae) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae -29.02 167.92 CANB 874276 19/2/2014 (Caesalpinioideae) Senna septemtrionalis Fabaceae -29.03 167.95 CANB 874310 21/2/2014 (Caesalpinioideae) Senna septemtrionalis -29.04 167.99 CANB 874053 25/9/2013 Fabaceae Arachis pintoi Krapov. & (Faboideae) W.C.Greg. Fabaceae -29.02 167.93 CANB 874246 5/10/2013 (Faboideae) Arachis pintoi Fabaceae Chamaecytisus palmensis -29.04 167.93 CANB 874193 2/10/2013 (Faboideae) (Christ) F.A.Bisby & K.W.Nicholls Fabaceae Crotalaria incana subsp. -29.03 167.98 CANB 874241 4/10/2013 (Faboideae) purpurascens (Lam.) Milne- Redh. -29.03 167.99 CANB 874322 21/2/2014 Fabaceae Crotalaria incana subsp. (Faboideae) purpurascens -29.01 167.94 CANB 874172 30/9/2013 Fabaceae Crotalaria lanceolata E.Mey. (Faboideae) subsp. lanceolata -29.06 167.95 CANB 873985 23/9/2013 Fabaceae Desmodium incanum (G.Mey.) (Faboideae) DC. Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 874281 19/2/2014 (Faboideae) Desmodium incanum Fabaceae -29.02 167.93 CANB 874329 22/2/2014 (Faboideae) Desmodium incanum Fabaceae -29.01 167.92 CANB 874277 19/2/2014 (Faboideae) Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc. Fabaceae -29.05 167.95 CANB 874224 3/10/2013 (Faboideae) Erythrina crista-galli L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874212 2/10/2013 Fabaceae Erythrina ×sykesii Barneby & (Faboideae) Krukoff -29.04 167.95 CANB 874124 27/9/2013 Fabaceae Genista monspessulana (L.) (Faboideae) L.A.S.Johnson -29.02 167.92 CANB 874161 29/9/2013 Fabaceae Glycine microphylla (Benth.) (Faboideae) Tindale Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 873976 23/9/2013 (Faboideae) Lotus angustissimus L. Fabaceae -29.01 167.94 CANB 874324 22/2/2014 (Faboideae) Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr Fabaceae -29.05 167.96 CANB 874102 26/9/2013 (Faboideae) Lupinus cosentinii Guss. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874113 27/9/2013 Fabaceae Macroptilium atropurpureum (Faboideae) (DC.) Urb. Fabaceae -29.01 167.95 CANB 874167 30/9/2013 (Faboideae) Macroptilium atropurpureum -29.01 167.94 CANB 874170 30/9/2013 Fabaceae Macrotyloma axillare var. (Faboideae) axillare -29.04 167.95 CANB 874217 3/10/2013 Fabaceae Macrotyloma axillare (E.Mey.) (Faboideae) Verdc. var. axillare -29.05 167.97 CANB 874350 24/2/2014 Fabaceae Macrotyloma axillare var. (Faboideae) axillare Fabaceae -29.03 167.97 CANB 874099 26/9/2013 (Faboideae) Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 870134 22/9/2013 (Faboideae) Medicago polymorpha L. Fabaceae -29.06 167.96 CANB 870135 22/9/2013 (Faboideae) Medicago polymorpha Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 873979 23/9/2013 (Faboideae) Melilotus indicus (L.) All. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874073 26/9/2013 Fabaceae Neonotonia wightii (Wight & (Faboideae) Arn.) J.A.Lackey Fabaceae -29.04 167.95 CANB 874144 28/9/2013 (Faboideae) Neonotonia wightii Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 873975 23/9/2013 (Faboideae) Trifolium campestre Schreb. Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 873977 23/9/2013 (Faboideae) Trifolium dubium Sibth. Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 CANB 874090 26/9/2013 (Faboideae) Trifolium glomeratum L.

24 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 873981 23/9/2013 (Faboideae) Trifolium pratense L. Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 CANB 874114 27/9/2013 (Faboideae) Trifolium pratense Fabaceae -29.06 167.96 CANB 873961 22/9/2013 (Faboideae) Trifolium repens L. var. repens Fabaceae -29.06 167.95 CANB 873978 23/9/2013 (Faboideae) Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 CANB 874024 24/9/2013 (Faboideae) Vicia sativa subsp. nigra L. -29.04 167.96 CANB 874196 2/10/2013 Fabaceae Acacia longifolia subsp. (Mimosoideae) sophorae (Labill.) Court Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 CANB 874316 21/2/2014 (Mimosoideae) Acacia parramattensis Tindale -29.06 167.95 CANB 870133 22/9/2013 Frankeniaceae Frankenia pulverulenta L. -29.01 167.96 CANB 874233 4/10/2013 Gentianaceae Centaurium tenuifl orum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Fritsch -29.01 167.93 CANB 874153 29/9/2013 Geraniaceae Geranium gardneri de Lange -29.04 167.94 CANB 874211 2/10/2013 Geraniaceae Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H.Bailey -29.06 167.96 CANB 874131 27/9/2013 Hydrocharitaceae Egeria densa Planch. -29.01 167.96 CANB 874231 4/10/2013 Hypericaceae Hypericum canariense L. [cultivated] -29.04 167.97 CANB 874249 5/10/2013 Iridaceae Dietes grandifl ora N.E.Br. -29.05 167.97 CANB 874351 24/2/2014 Iridaceae Dietes grandifl ora -29.06 167.97 CANB 874225 3/10/2013 Iridaceae Ferraria crispa Burm. -29.03 167.97 CANB 874097 26/9/2013 Iridaceae Freesia laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning Freesia leichtlinii Klatt subsp. -29.02 167.96 CANB 874085 26/9/2013 Iridaceae leichtlinii × Freesia leichtlinii subsp. alba (G.L.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt Freesia leichtlinii subsp. -29.01 167.96 CANB 874232 4/10/2013 Iridaceae leichtlinii × Freesia leichtlinii subsp. alba -29.03 167.95 CANB 874149 28/9/2013 Iridaceae Gladiolus ×hortulanus L.H.Bailey -29.05 167.96 CANB 874001 23/9/2013 Iridaceae Moraea fl accida (Sweet) Steud. -29.02 167.96 CANB 874093 26/9/2013 Iridaceae Sisyrinchium rosulatum E.P.Bicknell Watsonia meriana var. -29.06 167.97 CANB 874100 26/9/2013 Iridaceae bulbillifera (J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus) D.A.Cooke -29.02 167.97 CANB 874353 24/2/2014 Juncaceae Juncus articulatus L. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874095 26/9/2013 Juncaceae Juncus bufonius L. -29.02 167.93 CANB 874244 5/10/2013 Juncaceae Juncus bufonius -29.05 167.95 CANB 874284 19/2/2014 Lamiaceae Mentha ×piperita L. nothovar. piperita -29.02 167.97 CANB 874355 24/2/2014 Lamiaceae Mentha ×piperita nothovar. piperita -29.04 167.99 CANB 874063 25/9/2013 Lamiaceae Salvia cf. coccinea -29.01 167.93 CANB 874159 29/9/2013 Lamiaceae Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. -29.01 167.94 CANB 874171 30/9/2013 Lamiaceae Salvia coccinea -29.00 167.93 CANB 874005 24/9/2013 Lamiaceae Stachys arvensis (L.) L. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874069 25/9/2013 Lauraceae Persea americana -29.00 167.93 CANB 874043 24/9/2013 Lauraceae Persea americana Mill. [cultivated] -29.02 167.92 CANB 874275 19/2/2014 Liliaceae Lilium formosanum A.Wallace

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 25 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.03 167.95 CANB 874303 20/2/2014 Liliaceae Lilium formosanum -29.06 167.95 CANB 873971 23/9/2013 Linaceae Linum trigynum L. -29.04 167.96 CANB 874195 2/10/2013 Lomariopsidaceae Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl -29.03 167.93 CANB 874140 28/9/2013 Malvaceae Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet -29.00 167.93 CANB 874027 24/9/2013 Malvaceae Malva parvifl ora L. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874122 27/9/2013 Malvaceae Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke -29.04 167.99 CANB 874068 25/9/2013 Malvaceae Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don -29.01 167.95 CANB 874632 1/10/2013 Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia L. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874219 3/10/2013 Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia -29.03 167.99 CANB 874339 23/2/2014 Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia -29.03 167.94 CANB 874125 27/9/2013 Malvaceae Sida L. -29.02 167.92 CANB 874274 19/2/2014 Malvaceae Sida sp. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874111 27/9/2013 Meliaceae Melia azedarach L. -29.05 167.97 CANB 874347 24/2/2014 Meliaceae Melia azedarach -29.02 167.96 CANB 874363 25/2/2014 Meliaceae Toona ciliata M.Roem -29.04 167.99 CANB 874061 25/9/2013 Moraceae Morus nigra L. [cultivated] -29.04 167.94 CANB 874104 27/9/2013 Musaceae Musa acuminata Colla -29.03 167.95 CANB 874301 20/2/2014 Musaceae Musa acuminata -29.04 167.99 CANB 874051 25/9/2013 Myrtaceae Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret [cultivated] -29.03 167.96 CANB 874362 25/2/2014 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus botryoides Sm. -29.05 167.98 CANB 874255 18/2/2014 Myrtaceae Metrosideros kermadecensis W.R.B.Oliv. -29.06 167.95 CANB 874280 19/2/2014 Myrtaceae Metrosideros kermadecensis -29.01 167.92 CANB 874336 23/2/2014 Myrtaceae Metrosideros kermadecensis -29.03 167.97 CANB 874098 26/9/2013 Myrtaceae Psidium cattleyanum Sabine var. cattleyanum -29.02 167.97 CANB 874256 18/2/2014 Myrtaceae Psidium cattleyanum var. cattleyanum -29.02 167.97 CANB 874258 18/2/2014 Myrtaceae Psidium cattleyanum var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg -29.05 167.94 CANB 874191 2/10/2013 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava L. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874257 18/2/2014 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava -29.04 167.94 CANB 874118 27/9/2013 Myrtaceae Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston -29.03 167.97 CANB 874367 26/2/2014 Myrtaceae Syzygium jambos -29.03 167.97 CANB 874096 26/9/2013 Myrtaceae Syzygium jambos [cultivated] -29.02 167.96 CANB 874084 26/9/2013 Ochnaceae Ochna serrulata (Hochst.) Walp. -29.03 167.95 CANB 874361 25/2/2014 Oleaceae Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton -29.00 167.93 CANB 874025 24/9/2013 Oleaceae Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. -29.02 167.93 CANB 874328 22/2/2014 Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum Raf. -29.03 167.97 CANB 874332 22/2/2014 Onagraceae Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott -29.02 167.97 CANB 874354 24/2/2014 Onagraceae Ludwigia palustris -29.03 167.97 CANB 874331 22/2/2014 Onagraceae Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis Ludwigia peploides subsp. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874356 24/2/2014 Onagraceae montevidensis (Spreng.) P.H.Raven

26 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.06 167.96 CANB 874227 3/10/2013 Onagraceae Oenothera rosea L’Hér. ex Aiton -29.06 167.95 CANB 873982 23/9/2013 Orobanchaceae Orobanche minor Sm. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874019 24/9/2013 Oxalidaceae Oxalis debilis Kunth Argemone subfusiformis -29.05 167.98 CANB 873998 23/9/2013 Papaveraceae G.B.Ownbey subsp. subfusiformis -29.05 167.98 CANB 873993 23/9/2013 Papaveraceae Fumaria muralis Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch subsp. muralis -29.04 167.94 CANB 874210 2/10/2013 Papaveraceae Papaver rhoeas L. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874147 28/9/2013 Papaveraceae Papaver somniferum L. -29.05 167.95 CANB 874188 1/10/2013 Papaveraceae Papaver somniferum -29.01 167.94 CANB 874169 30/9/2013 Passifl oraceae Passifl ora edulis Sims -29.06 167.95 CANB 874282 19/2/2014 Passifl oraceae Passifl ora subpeltata Ortega -29.05 167.98 CANB 873999 23/9/2013 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca octandra L. -29.05 167.97 CANB 874345 24/2/2014 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca octandra -29.06 167.95 CANB 873974 23/9/2013 Phytolaccaceae Rivina humilis L. -29.03 167.98 CANB 874239 4/10/2013 Phytolaccaceae Rivina humilis -29.04 167.94 CANB 874108 27/9/2013 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Vent. -29.02 167.92 CANB 874164 29/9/2013 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum -29.04 167.95 CANB 874146 28/9/2013 Plantaginaceae Lophospermum erubescens D.Don -29.03 167.96 CANB 874307 20/2/2014 Plantaginaceae Lophospermum erubescens -29.04 167.99 CANB 874056 25/9/2013 Plantaginaceae Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. -29.06 167.95 CANB 873983 23/9/2013 Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata L. -29.06 167.96 CANB 874132 27/9/2013 Plantaginaceae Plantago major L. -29.06 167.96 CANB 873960 22/9/2013 Plantaginaceae Veronica arvensis L. -29.06 167.95 CANB 873984 23/9/2013 Plantaginaceae Veronica persica Poir. -29.01 167.94 CANB 874183 1/10/2013 Plantaginaceae Veronica plebeia R.Br. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874315 21/2/2014 Poaceae ?Chimonobambusa Makino -29.02 167.96 CANB 874087 26/9/2013 Poaceae Aira cupaniana Guss. -29.03 167.92 CANB 874273 19/2/2014 Poaceae Arundo donax L. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874035 24/9/2013 Poaceae Axonopus fi ssifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. -29.06 167.95 CANB 873972 23/9/2013 Poaceae Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake -29.06 167.95 CANB 873973 23/9/2013 Poaceae Briza minor L. -29.06 167.96 CANB 873959 22/9/2013 Poaceae Bromus catharticus Vahl -29.06 167.96 CANB 873967 23/9/2013 Poaceae Bromus diandrus Roth -29.06 167.96 CANB 873965 23/9/2013 Poaceae Bromus hordeaceus L. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874054 25/9/2013 Poaceae Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone -29.05 167.97 CANB 874381 27/2/2014 Poaceae Cenchrus clandestinus -29.01 167.93 CANB 874156 29/9/2013 Poaceae Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone -29.00 167.93 CANB 874026 24/9/2013 Poaceae Chloris gayana Kunth -29.02 167.97 CANB 874081 26/9/2013 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon -29.00 167.93 CANB 874045 24/9/2013 Poaceae Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler -29.05 167.98 CANB 874254 18/2/2014 Poaceae Digitaria ciliaris

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 27 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.03 167.96 CANB 874308 20/2/2014 Poaceae Digitaria ciliaris -29.06 167.96 CANB 874267 18/2/2014 Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874291 20/2/2014 Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli -29.06 167.96 CANB 874268 18/2/2014 Poaceae Echinochloa telmatophila P.W.Michael & Vickery -29.04 167.94 CANB 874120 27/9/2013 Poaceae Ehrharta erecta Lam. -29.04 167.92 CANB 874135 28/9/2013 Poaceae Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. -29.06 167.96 CANB 874283 19/2/2014 Poaceae Eleusine indica -29.00 167.93 CANB 874034 24/9/2013 Poaceae Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874220 3/10/2013 Poaceae Eragrostis tenuifolia -29.06 167.96 CANB 873969 22/9/2013 Poaceae Hordeum glaucum Steud. -29.03 167.99 CANB 874235 4/10/2013 Poaceae Hordeum leporinum Link -29.06 167.96 CANB 873962 23/9/2013 Poaceae Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz. -29.02 167.94 CANB 874186 1/10/2013 Poaceae Lolium loliaceum Megathyrsus maximus var. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874020 24/9/2013 Poaceae pubiglumis (K.Schum.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs -29.04 167.99 CANB 874060 25/9/2013 Poaceae Megathyrsus maximus var. pubiglumis -29.04 167.95 CANB 874215 3/10/2013 Poaceae Melinis minutifl ora P.Beauv. -29.01 167.96 CANB 874234 4/10/2013 Poaceae Paspalum dilatatum Poir. -29.06 167.96 CANB 874271 18/2/2014 Poaceae Paspalum dilatatum -29.05 167.97 CANB 874348 24/2/2014 Poaceae Paspalum dilatatum -29.06 167.95 CANB 873989 23/9/2013 Poaceae Poa annua L. -29.03 167.95 CANB 874050 25/9/2013 Poaceae Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev -29.03 167.93 CANB 874264 18/2/2014 Poaceae Setaria parvifl ora Setaria pumila subsp. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874016 24/9/2013 Poaceae subtesselata (Buse) B.K.Simon -29.06 167.94 CANB 874150 29/9/2013 Poaceae Setaria pumila subsp. subtesselata -29.02 167.92 CANB 874360 25/2/2014 Poaceae Setaria sphacelata var. anceps (Stapf & C.E.Hubb.)Veldkamp -29.04 167.96 CANB 874372 26/2/2014 Poaceae Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874290 20/2/2014 Poaceae Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874017 24/9/2013 Poaceae Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf -29.03 167.95 CANB 874304 20/2/2014 Poaceae Sorghum arundinaceum -29.02 167.96 CANB 874092 26/9/2013 Poaceae Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) Robyns & Tournay -29.06 167.96 CANB 873966 23/9/2013 Poaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze -29.01 167.92 CANB 874335 23/2/2014 Poaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum -29.02 167.96 CANB 874086 26/9/2013 Poaceae Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray -29.03 167.95 CANB 874142 28/9/2013 Poaceae Vulpia bromoides -29.06 167.94 CANB 874151 29/9/2013 Poaceae Vulpia bromoides -29.04 167.96 CANB 874148 28/9/2013 Polygalaceae Polygala myrtifolia L. -29.04 167.97 CANB 874250 5/10/2013 Polygalaceae Polygala myrtifolia -29.05 167.98 CANB 873992 23/9/2013 Polygonaceae Emex australis Steinh. -29.05 167.98 CANB 873991 23/9/2013 Polygonaceae Rumex brownii Campd.

28 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.05 167.97 CANB 874379 27/2/2014 Polygonaceae Rumex brownii -29.02 167.97 CANB 874357 24/2/2014 Polygonaceae Rumex crispus L. -29.05 167.95 CANB 874285 19/2/2014 Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms -29.05 167.98 CANB 874253 18/2/2014 Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea L. -29.05 167.97 CANB 874343 24/2/2014 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton cheesemanii A.Benn. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874364 25/2/2014 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton cheesemanii -29.00 167.93 CANB 874008 24/9/2013 Primulaceae Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. -29.00 167.93 CANB 874013 24/9/2013 Primulaceae Lysimachia arvensis -29.04 167.95 CANB 874214 3/10/2013 Proteaceae Banksia integrifolia L.f. subsp. integrifolia -29.04 167.95 CANB 874221 3/10/2013 Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. -29.01 167.94 CANB 874174 30/9/2013 Proteaceae Hakea salicifolia (Vent.) B.L.Burtt -29.03 167.96 CANB 874365 25/2/2014 Proteaceae Hakea salicifolia -29.04 167.93 CANB 874192 2/10/2013 Proteaceae Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874064 25/9/2013 Proteaceae Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche [cultivated] -29.03 167.98 CANB 874374 26/2/2014 Proteaceae Macadamia tetraphylla L.A.S.Johnson -29.03 167.93 CANB 874272 19/2/2014 Pteridaceae Pteris vittata L. [cultivated] -29.02 167.97 CANB 874094 26/9/2013 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus muricatus L. -29.03 167.95 CANB 874126 27/9/2013 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus muricatus -29.06 167.95 CANB 873988 23/9/2013 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sessilifl orus R.Br. ex DC. var. sessilifl orus -29.04 167.96 CANB 874194 2/10/2013 Rosaceae Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. -29.01 167.94 CANB 874184 1/10/2013 Rosaceae Potentilla indica (Andrews) Th.Wolf -29.04 167.94 CANB 874119 27/9/2013 Rosaceae Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica -29.04 167.95 CANB 874145 28/9/2013 Rosaceae Prunus persica var. persica -29.04 167.99 CANB 874052 25/9/2013 Rosaceae Prunus persica var. persica [cultivated] -29.04 167.95 CANB 874223 3/10/2013 Rosaceae Pyrus L. [cultivated] -29.01 167.93 CANB 874294 20/2/2014 Rosaceae Rubus ?anglocandicans A.Newton -29.03 167.98 CANB 874373 26/2/2014 Rubiaceae Coffea arabica L. -29.05 167.93 CANB 874139 28/9/2013 Rubiaceae Coffea arabica [cultivated] -29.02 167.92 CANB 874182 30/9/2013 Rubiaceae Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874218 3/10/2013 Rubiaceae Galium divaricatum -29.06 167.95 CANB 873980 23/9/2013 Rubiaceae Sherardia arvensis L. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874072 25/9/2013 Rutaceae Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle [cultivated] -29.04 167.99 CANB 874071 25/9/2013 Rutaceae Citrus reticulata Blanco [cultivated] -29.00 167.93 CANB 874042 24/9/2013 Rutaceae Citrus ×aurantium L. [cultivated] -29.02 167.92 CANB 874165 29/9/2013 Rutaceae Citrus ×jambhiri Lush. -29.06 167.96 CANB 874130 27/9/2013 Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitch -29.05 167.97 CANB 874344 24/2/2014 Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta -29.06 167.96 CANB 874128 27/9/2013 Scrophulariaceae Verbascum virgatum Stokes -29.03 167.95 CANB 874384 27/2/2014 Scrophulariaceae Verbascum virgatum

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 29 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Collection Latitude Longitude identification Date Target family Target taxon number -29.03 167.98 CANB 874337 23/2/2014 Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Brugmansia suaveolens -29.05 167.95 CANB 874003 23/9/2013 Solanaceae (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & J.Presl -29.03 167.94 CANB 874286 19/2/2014 Solanaceae Cestrum nocturnum L. -29.03 167.95 CANB 874299 20/2/2014 Solanaceae Cestrum nocturnum -29.03 167.95 CANB 874313 21/2/2014 Solanaceae Cestrum nocturnum -29.05 167.98 CANB 873997 23/9/2013 Solanaceae Datura stramonium L. -29.05 167.92 CANB 874133 28/9/2013 Solanaceae Lycium ferocissimum Miers -29.00 167.93 CANB 874032 24/9/2013 Solanaceae Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. -29.05 167.92 CANB 874138 28/9/2013 Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacum L. -29.06 167.96 CANB 873990 23/9/2013 Solanaceae Petunia ×atkinsiana (Sweet) D.Don ex W.H.Baxter -29.00 167.93 CANB 874039 24/9/2013 Solanaceae Physalis peruviana L. -29.05 167.98 CANB 873994 23/9/2013 Solanaceae Solanum linnaeanum Hepper & P.-M.Jaeger -29.01 167.93 CANB 874180 30/9/2013 Solanaceae Solanum linnaeanum -29.00 167.93 CANB 874028 24/9/2013 Solanaceae Solanum lycopersicum L. -29.05 167.98 CANB 873996 23/9/2013 Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Scop. -29.03 167.95 CANB 874314 21/2/2014 Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum -29.00 167.93 CANB 874044 24/9/2013 Solanaceae Solanum muricatum Aiton [cultivated -29.02 167.97 CANB 874079 26/9/2013 Solanaceae Solanum nodifl orum Jacq. -29.04 167.94 CANB 874103 27/9/2013 Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus L. -29.05 167.97 CANB 874349 24/2/2014 Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus -29.04 167.92 CANB 874141 28/9/2013 Urticaceae Urtica urens L. -29.03 167.98 CANB 874236 4/10/2013 Urticaceae Urtica urens -29.05 167.98 CANB 873995 23/9/2013 Verbenaceae Lantana camara L. -29.04 167.95 CANB 874216 3/10/2013 Verbenaceae Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. -29.02 167.97 CANB 874075 26/9/2013 Verbenaceae Verbena incompta P.W.Michael -29.01 167.94 CANB 874178 30/9/2013 Verbenaceae Verbena incompta -29.06 167.96 CANB 873970 22/9/2013 Verbenaceae Verbena litoralis Kunth -29.04 167.95 CANB 874143 28/9/2013 Verbenaceae Verbena litoralis -29.01 167.94 CANB 874176 30/9/2013 Verbenaceae Verbena litoralis -29.01 167.94 CANB 874177 30/9/2013 Verbenaceae Verbena ×brasiliensis Vell. -29.06 167.94 CANB 874383 27/2/2014 Violaceae Viola banksii K.R.Thiele & Prober -29.01 167.94 CANB 874371 26/2/2014 Vitaceae Vitis vinifera L. -29.04 167.99 CANB 874057 25/9/2013 Vitaceae Vitis vinifera [cultivated]

30 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Table 2B. Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey – vascular plants (observed, no collections) Latitude Longitude Target family Target taxon Date Field Notes Plant (single individual) -29.05 167.97 ARECACEAE Livistona R.Br. -/9/2013 sterile Plant (single individual) -29.05 167.97 ARECACEAE Phoenix canariensis -/9/2013 Hort. ex Chabaud sterile Plants sterile (September -29.03 167.94 ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus -/9/2013, 2013), in early bud plumosus Baker -/2/2014 (February 2014) Plants immature, in early -29.05 167.96 ASTERACEAE Centaurea melitensis -/9/2013 L. bud -29.05 167.96 AZOLLACEAE Azolla pinnata R.Br. -/9/2013 Nasturtium Aiton -29.02 167.96 BRASSICACEAE Plants immature, in early [probably N. -/2/2014 bud offi cinale] -29.04 167.96 FABACEAE Medicago sativa L. -/2/2014 Plants sterile 167.94 Plant (single individual) -29.03 MORACEAE Ficus carica L. -/9/2013 sterile Numerous sterile seedlings -29.04 167.94 MYRTACEAE Corymbia K.D.Hill -/10/2013, naturalised from adult & L.A.S.Johnson -/2/2014 plantings -29.05 167.95 POACEAE Ammophila -/9/2013, Plants sterile arenaria (L.) Link -/2/2014 -29.06 167.96 POACEAE Lagurus ovatus L. -/2/2014 Plants senescent -29.04 167.92 POACEAE Paspalum distichum -/9/2013 Plants sterile L.

-29.06 167.96 POACEAE Spinifex sericeus -/9/2013, Plants sterile R.Br. -/2/2014 Rumex Plants immature, in early -29.05 167.96 POLYGONACEAE -/9/2013, conglomeratus -/2/2014 bud (2013); sensescent, in Murray old fruit (2014) -/9/2013, -29.05 167.96 PTERIDACEAE Pteris vittata L. -/2/2014 Plants sterile Plant (single individual) -29.03 167.94 ROSACEAE Eriobotrya japonica -/10/2013, sterile (2013), in early bud (Thunb.) Lindl. -/2/2014 (2014) SCROPHULAR- -29.01 167.93 Verbascum thapsus -/9/2013, Plants sterile (rosettes only) IACEAE L. -/2/2014

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 31 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Table 2C . Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey – vascular plants (recorded by previous authors [Green (1985), de Lange et al. (2005) and Mills (2007b, 2007c, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2012b, 2012c], not col- lected or observed during NIQS)*

Target taxon Target family Ruellia ciliosa Pursh ACANTHACEAE Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. AIZOACEAE Nothoscordum borbonicum Kunth ALLIACEAE Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott ARACEAE Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. [As Alternanthera sp. aff. sessilis in AMARANTHACEAE Mills (2010)] Apium graveolens L. APIACEAE Coriandrum sativum L. APIACEAE Hedera helix L. ARALIACEAE Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K.Koch ARALIACEAE Asparagus aethiopicus L. ASPARAGACEAE Carduus pycnocephalus L. ASTERACEAE Erechtites hieraciifolia Raf. ex DC. ASTERACEAE Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. ASTERACEAE Gamochaeta calviceps (Fernald) Cabrera ASTERACEAE Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerguelen ASTERACEAE Lapsana communis L. ASTERACEAE Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth. ASTERACEAE Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. ASTERACEAE Solidago L. ASTERACEAE Tragopogon porrifolius L. ASTERACEAE Cynoglossum australe R.Br. BORAGINACEAE Echium plantagineum L. BORAGINACEAE Brassica ×napus L. BRASSICACEAE Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. BRASSICACEAE Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. BRASSICACEAE Calceolaria tripartita Ruiz & Pav. CALCEOLARIACEAE Lobelia purpurascens R.Br. [As Pratia purpurascens in Green CAMPANULACEAE (1994), and Mills (2007c, 2010)] Wahlenbergia violacea J.A.Petterson CAMPANULACEAE Lonicera japonica Thunb. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Cerastium vulgare Hartm. [As Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare in CARYOPHYLLACEAE Green (1994) and Mills (2007c, 2010)] Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. CHENOPODIACEAE Gloriosa superba L. COLCHICACEAE Tradescantia zebrina Hort. ex Bosse COMMELINACEAE Dichondra J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Inglewood (J.M.Dalby 86/93) [As Dichondra micrantha in de Lange et al. (2005) and Mills (2007c, CONVOLVULACEAE 2010)] Ipomoea alba L. CONVOLVULACEAE Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. CORYNOCARPACEAE Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz CRASSULACEAE Crassula multicava Lem. subsp. multicava CRASSULACEAE Cucumis anguria L. var. anguria [As Cucumis anguria in Green CUCURBITACEAE (1994), and Mills (2007c, 2010)] Hesperocyparis lusitanica (Mill.) Bartel [As Cupressus lusitanica CUPRESSACEAE Mill. in Green (1994)] Hypolepis distans Hook. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg. EUPHORBIACEAE Homalanthus populifolius Graham EUPHORBIACEAE

32 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Target taxon Target family FABACEAE Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell (CAESALPINOIDEAE) FABACEAE Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene (CAESALPINOIDEAE) Castanospermum australe A.Cunn. ex Mudie FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Crotalaria agatifl ora Schweinf. subsp. agatifl ora FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Erythrina caffra Thunb. FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Erythrina speciosa Andrews FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Medicago lupulina L. FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Trifolium suffocatum L. FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench FABACEAE (FABOIDEAE) FABACEAE Acacia dealbata A.Cunn. (MIMOSOIDEAE) Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hér. ex Aiton GERANIACEAE Geranium dissectum L. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium australe Willd. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium panduriforme Eckl. & Zeyh. GERANIACEAE Tritonia crocata (L.) Ker Gawl. IRIDACEAE Tritonia gladiolaris (Lam.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning [As Tritonia IRIDACEAE lineata in Green (1994)] Juncus australis Hook.f. JUNCACEAE Juncus pallidus R.Br. JUNCACEAE Juncus usitatus L.A.S.Johnson JUNCACEAE Lavandula dentata L. LAMIACEAE Marrubium vulgare L. LAMIACEAE Mentha spicata L. LAMIACEAE Salvia verbenaca L. LAMIACEAE Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl LAURACEAE Cryptocarya triplinervis R.Br. LAURACEAE Linum marginale A.Cunn. LINACEAE Lythrum hyssopifolium F.M.Bailey LYTHRACEAE Hibiscus pedunculatus L.f. MALVACEAE Pavonia hastata Cav. MALVACEAE Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. MALVACEAE Delarbrea paradoxa Veill. MYODOCARPACEAE Eucalyptus fi brosa F.Muell. MYRTACEAE Eugenia unifl ora L. MYRTACEAE Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn. × M. kermadecensis MYRTACEAE W.R.B.Oliv. Mirabilis jalapa L. NYCTAGINACEAE Ligustrum sinense Lour. OLEACEAE Oenothera affi nis Cambess. ONAGRACEAE Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link subsp. stricta ONAGRACEAE Oenothera tetraptera Cav. ONAGRACEAE Oxalis chnoodes Lourteig OXALIDACEAE Oxalis corniculata L. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis radicosa A.Rich. OXALIDACEAE Passifl ora ligularis Juss. PASSIFLORACEAE Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. PHYLLANTHACEAE Pittosporum crassifolium Banks & Sol. ex A.Cunn. PITTOSPORACEAE

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 33 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Target taxon Target family Plantago debilis R.Br. PLANTAGINACEAE Russelia equisetifolia Schltdl. & Champ. PLANTAGINACEAE Plumbago auriculata Lam. PLUMBAGINACEAE Anthosachne scabra (R.Br.) Nevski [As Elymus rectisetus in Green (1994) and as Elymus scaber in de Lange (2005) and Mills (2007c, POACEAE 2010)] Anthoxanthum odoratum L. POACEAE Avena sativa L. POACEAE Briza maxima L. POACEAE Bromus arenarius Labill. POACEAE Bromus scoparius L. POACEAE Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E.Hubb. POACEAE Dactylis glomerata L. POACEAE Eragrostis brownii (Kunth) Nees POACEAE Lolium rigidum Gaudin POACEAE Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka POACEAE Phalaris minor Retz. POACEAE Poa pratensis L. POACEAE Setaria palmifolia (J.Koenig) Stapf POACEAE Vulpia myuros f. megalura (Nutt.) Auquier POACEAE Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve POLYGONACEAE Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C.Chr. POLYPODIACEAE Ranunculus parvifl orus L. RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus repens L. RANUNCULACEAE Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino ROSACEAE Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Defl ers RUBIACEAE Cardiospermum halicacabum L. SAPINDACEAE Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun SELAGINELLACEAE Solandra maxima (Sesse & Moc.) P.S.Green SOLANACEAE Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. URTICACEAE Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. URTICACEAE Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander URTICACEAE Duranta erecta L. VERBENACEAE Viola tricolor L. VIOLACEAE

34 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY nia as well] Hand collection from felled tree Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Sweep net YY YY Y Hand collection Y Sweep net Hand collection YY Y Y Sweep net Light trap Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash NN N N pan Yellow pan Yellow NN YNN Y Y Ethanol wash Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Light trap YYY ? Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) YY ? Y Hand collection Ethanol wash Y ? Beating Shinji, (Tryon, (Tryon, (Ewing, (Linnaeus, . Berlese, 1891 sp (Cotte, 1920) Keifer, 1966 Keifer, Keifer, 1944 Keifer, species

i Acyrthosiphon kondoi Acyrthosiphon kondoi Acyrthosiphon kondoi Acyrthosiphon kondoi Acyrthosiphon kondoi 1938 Acyrthosiphon kondo Aculops lycopersici Aculops lycopersici 1917) Aculops lycopersici Aculops Acrotrichis norfolkensis Acrotrichis Acrotrichis norfolkensis Acrotrichis Acrotrichis norfolkensis Acrotrichis (Deane, 1931) Aceria sheldoni Achaea janata Achaea janata 1758) Abrolophus Abrolophus Aceria Aceria sheldoni 1937) Aceria sheldoni Target ca Aceria fi Abrolophus Abrolophus Hemiptera Aphididae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Coleoptera Ptiliidae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Eriophyidae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Eriophyidae Target orderTarget family Target Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae L. L. (L.) (L.) L. L. (L.) . L . persica Haller Endl. . . L sp species

. repens . repens Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var repens Trifolium var Digitaria Solanum lycopersicum Medicago sativa Phaseolus Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Prunus persica Batsch var Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Citrus Citrus Citrus sinensis Osbeck Glycine max Merr. Solanum lycopersicum Boehmeria australis Host Ficus carica Table 3. Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey - invertebrates (plant and animal hosts) [note that ‘mainland Australia’ covers Tasma covers Australia’ 3. Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey - invertebrates (plant and animal hosts) [note that ‘mainland Table -29.04-29.04 167.99-29.03 167.94 8/10/2014 167.94 23/09/2013 Fabaceae 10/10/2014 Fabaceae Poaceae -29.02-29.01 167.97 167.92 10/10/2014 16/10/2014 NA Solanaceae NA Hemiptera Aphididae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96 24/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.00-29.04 167.93 167.95 24/10/2013 26/11/2014 Coleoptera Various Rosaceae Ptiliidae -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Coleoptera Various Ptiliidae -29.01-29.03 167.93-29.05 167.94 21/05/2014 167.93 26/05/2014 NA 24/09/2013 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctuidae -29.05-29.01 167.93-29.00 167.92 27/09/2013 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae 24/09/2013 Rutaceae Rutaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99-29.02 8/10/2014 167.95 Solanaceae 23/09/2013 Urticaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Moraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 35 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead branch and lichens Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from Eucalypt plantation – dead leaves Hand collection ex Nofork Island pine dead wood Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection and sweep net Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YY YY YY YY YY YYY Y Y Y Ex leaf litter Ex leaf litter ex leaf litter Trapping YY YY Y Y Hand collection ex leaf litte YY Y Y Hand collection ex leaf litte YY YY Y Y Hand collection from litter NN YN ? N Hand collection Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection (Lea, Cross, 1965 species

Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus (Haga, 1973) 1917) Aderus norfolcensis Adactylidium Adenopterus norfolkensis Chopard, 1951 Acyrthosiphon pisum Target Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776) Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Coleoptera Aderidae Trombidiformes Acarophenacidae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target Hemiptera Aphididae . . . sp sp L’Hér cuspidata species

. repens Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. ex G.Don) (Wall. Cif. Eucalyptus Eucalyptus robusta Grevillea A.Cunn. ex. R.Br. Cordyline obtecta Cordyline (Graham) Baker Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Eucalyptus Citrus ×aurantium L. Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var Medicago sativa Host NA NA Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Proteaceae, Arecaceae 26/11/2014; 26/11/2014; 28/11/2014; 29/11/2014 -29.01-29.02 167.94 167.94-29.02 23/12/2013 25/05/2014 167.95 NA NA 22/11/2014 Oleaceae NA NA Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.01-29.02 167.95-29.02 167.95 26/10/2013-29.02 167.95 21/12/2012 Unknown-29.02 167.96 21/12/2013 NA 167.95 NA NA 21/12/2013 NA NA NA Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera NA Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01-29.02 167.93 167.92 10/07/2013 23/10/2013 Myrtaceae Myrtaceae -29.02 167.96 27/12/2012 -29.01 167.94 22/12/2012 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.95 26/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96 24/10/2013 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 22/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05-29.01 167.92 167.93 24/05/2014 26/02/2014 Poaceae Myrtaceae Unknown Orthoptera Podoscirtidae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

36 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY g Culicoides trap Set 21.5.2014, collected 24.5.2014, damaged specimens (scales missing) Hand collection from dead leaves Dipping in brackish water, Thousands of rock pools. lavae Dipping in brackish water ground pool Hand collection, berlesate ex leaf litter Hand collection from dead palm frond Hand collection from dead palm fronds Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YY YY Hand collection YY CO2 light trap YY Dipping YY Dipping YY Dipping YY CO2 light trap YY BG trap no CO2 Y CO2 light trap Y CO2 light trap CO2 light trap Y Y Dipping from hollow in fi NY YY NY NY YYY YY Y Hand collection YYY Y Hand collection ex leaf litter Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?)

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) cf. australis australis ) ) ) (Skuse, 1889) Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Halaedes Halaedes Halaedes species ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus australis Adraneothrips russatus Aedes (Erichson, 1842) Aedes Aedes Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Adraneothrips russatus Target Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target Sabine . cuspidata species

. cattleyanum Ficus macrophylla Ficus macrophylla Desf. ex Pers. Ficus carica Psidium cattleyanum var Araucaria heterophylla Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp Host Myrtaceae Oleaceae 21/10/2013; 26/10/2013 27/11/2014; 27/11/2014; 26/03/2014 -29.05-29.04 167.97-29.04 167.94 22/02/2014-29.04 167.99 23/09/2013-29.03 NA 167.98 25/09/2013-29.03 NA 167.94 20/02/2014-29.03 NA 167.96 19/02/2014-29.03 NA NA 167.96 19/02/2014-29.02 NA NA 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA 167.95 25/02/2014 NA NA Diptera 24/02/2014 NA NA Diptera NA NA Diptera Culicidae NA Diptera Culicidae NA Diptera Culicidae NA Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Moraceae -29.05 167.93 24/02/2014 Moraceae -29.06-29.02 167.93 167.97-29.05 19/02/2014 21/02/2014 167.95 NA NA 24/05/2014 NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Culicidae -29.02 167.95 23/11/2014 Arecaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.00 167.94-29.01 24/03/2014-29.02 167.94 Poaceae 167.92 22/12/2012 23/10/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Araucariaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 -29.00 167.94 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 37 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection (larvae, pupae) Hand collection from tyre (larvae, pupae) Hand collection from rocky cavity (larvae) Hand collection from compost heap (larvae) Hand collection from tarpaulin holding water (larvae) Dipping and hand collection from old discarded animal (bird?) cage with small container holding water Dipping from plant holding platform with pooling water (larvae) CO2 light trap (soda stream cylinder) Dipping in receptacles boat Hand collection from tarpaulin with pooling water (larvae) BG trap with CO2 (21 hours of trapping) Dipping from 44 gallon drum Dipping from bin for string plants Dipping from bird bath and bromeliads Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YY YY Dipping from bucket YYY Hand collection (larvae) YYY Hand collection (larvae) YY Hand collection (larvae) YY YY YY YY YY YYY YYYY CO2 light trap (surveillance) Y Dipping from tyres in fence YY YY YY YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?)

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia species ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Aedes notoscriptus Target Aedes notoscriptus Diptera Culicidae Target orderTarget family Target species

NA Host -29.03-29.00 167.94-29.00 167.93 23/09/2013-29.02 167.93 24/09/2013 NA 167.96 24/09/2013 NA 10/06/2013 NA NA NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae -29.00 Culicidae 167.93 Culicidae -29.12 20/02/2014 167.95 NA 14/10/2014 NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Culicidae Culicidae -29.03-29.03 167.95-29.02 167.95 11/06/2013-29.01 167.96 11/06/2013 NA 167.96 10/06/2013-29.03 NA 26/05/2014 NA 167.94-29.03 NA NA 24/05/2014-29.03 NA 167.96-29.05 NA NA 167.96 9/10/2014 Diptera NA 167.95 22/02/2014-29.04 Diptera NA 20/02/2014 Diptera NA NA 167.94 Culicidae NA Diptera Culicidae 19/02/2014 NA Culicidae Diptera NA NA Culicidae NA Diptera Culicidae NA Diptera Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Culicidae -29.04-29.05 167.94-29.05 167.97 24/02/2014-29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 NA 167.96 21/02/2014 NA 9/10/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae -29.04 167.94 22/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

38 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers CO2 light trap – soda stream cylinder Dipping from water tank and tyres Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection N N CO2 light trap YN YNN N Beating CO2 light trap YY Y Y CO2 light trap (windy night) Dipping YY YY YY Dipping in tyre YY Dipping in tyre YYY Dipping in tyre Y Dipping in tyre Hand collection from water Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?)

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (Edwards, (Macleay, (Macleay, . . . sp sp sp Baker, 1970 Baker, Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia Rampamyia species ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Afrotydeus Afrotydeus Afrotydeus Afrotydeus Afrotydeus Afrotydeus Afrotydeus Afrotydeus Aethina concolor Aethina concolor 1871) Aeolothrips fasciatus Aeolothrips fasciatus Aeolothrips fasciatus Aeolothrips fasciatus Aeolothrips fasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Aedes antipodeus Aedes Aedes antipodeus Aedes antipodeus notoscriptus 1920) Aedes Aedes notoscriptus notoscriptus Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Aedes Target Aedes notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus notoscriptus Trombidiformes Tydeidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Trombidiformes Trombidiformes Tydeidae Trombidiformes Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Thysanoptera Aeolothripidae Thysanoptera Aeolothripidae Thysanoptera Aeolothripidae Thysanoptera Aeolothripidae Diptera Culicidae Target orderTarget family Target L. L. (L.) species

Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle Araucaria heterophylla Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Capsicum annuum L. Medicago sativa Lactuca sativa Daucus carota Daucus carota Citrus ×limon Osbeck Host Fabaceae 29/11/2014; 29/11/2014; 12/07/2013 -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.93 17/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.00 167.93 27/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 24/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Aeolothripidae -29.05 167.93 -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Asteraceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Apiaceae -29.05 167.97 22/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae -29.02-29.03 167.95 167.96 24/02/2014 22/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Culicidae Culicidae -29.03-29.03 167.96 167.99 19/02/2014 22/12/2012 Bromeliaceae Rutaceae Unknown Diptera Culicidae -29.03 167.94 24/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae -29.04-29.03 167.94-29.03 167.95 19/02/2014-29.04 167.98 19/02/2014-29.03 NA 167.96 20/02/2014 NA 167.96 10/10/2014 NA 23/02/2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA Diptera NA Diptera Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae -29.04 167.94 19/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 39 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Ethanol wash N Y pan Yellow NNN NY Y Unknown Y Hand collection on rocks Y Hand collection Beating NN N N Hand collection Hand collection on rocks YNN NN YN Ethanol wash YN Light trap YN Y Light trap N Y Light trap Y Light trap Y Light trap 25-5 Light trap Light trap Y ? Ethanol wash Y N Ethanol wash Y N Ethanol wash Y N Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection (Potiez (Hufnagel, . subreticulatus cf Summers, 1960 species

Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant, 1959) Amblypsilopus careelensis Amblypsilopus careelensis Bickel, 1994 Allenoconcha basispiralis Allopeas clavulinus & Michaud, 1838) Allopeas clavulinus Alosextius carinatus 1927) (Funkhouser, Allenoconcha basispiralis Preston, 1913 Allenoconcha basispiralis Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) ipsilon Agrotis 1766) ipsilon Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis Agistemus Agistemus Agistemus subreticulatus Agistemus subreticulatus 1967) (Wood, Agistemus novazelandicus Agistemus novazelandicus González-Rodríguez, 1963 Agistemus longisetus Agistemus longisetus González-Rodríguez, 1963 Target Agistemus collyerae González-Rodríguez, 1963 Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Stylommatophora Microcystidae Stylommatophora Subulinidae Stylommatophora Microcystidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Target orderTarget family Target Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae L. . ., Lactua sp L species

Araucaria heterophylla Cucumis sativus Musa sativa Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Citrus ×aurantium Annona muricata L. Lagunaria patersonia Citrus ×aurantium Lagunaria patersonia (Andrews) G.Don Boehmeria australis Citrus catappa Terminalia L. Host Musaceae, Asteraceae -29.00 167.93 24/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02-29.03 167.97-29.01 167.93-29.00 22/09/2013 167.95 12/06/2013 167.93 NA 26/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae 26/12/2012 NA NA NA Stylommatophora Subulinidae Hemiptera Membracidae -29.02Unknown 18/07/2013 167.97 Araucariaceae 22/09/2013 NA NA Stylommatophora Microcystidae -29.06-29.05 167.94-29.03 167.92-29.01 26/11/2014 167.96-29.03 19/05/2014 167.94 NA-29.03 19/02/2014 167.96-29.05 NA 23/05/2014 167.97-29.01 NA 25/05/2014 167.96 NA 22/05/2014 NA 167.92 NA 20/02/2014 NA NA 16/10/2014 NA NA NA Lepidoptera Araucariaceae NA Lepidoptera NA Sphingidae Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctuidae Noctuidae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Annonaceae -29.01 167.93 25/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Urticaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Combretaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

40 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Beating Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Beating Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Beating YYY Y Y Y Ethanol wash Beating Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Target Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae MesostigmataMesostigmata Phytoseiidae Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae MesostigmataMesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Target orderTarget family Target

f. L. Mill. Maiden O.Deg. . . sp sp species

. nucipersica Prunus persica var (Suckow) C.K.Schneid. Passifl ora edulis Passifl avicarpa fl Mangifera indica Malus pumila Mangifera indica L. Macadamia integrifolia & Betche Lagunaria patersonia Howea forsteriana (C.Moore & Becc. F.Muell.) Ficus carica Citrus Citrus obtecta Cordyline Citrus reticulata Citrus reticulata Blanco Citrus ×limon Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantiifolia Celtis paniculata (Endl.) Planch Carica papaya Host oraceae Rutaceae 26/11/2014; 26/11/2014; 24/09/2013 -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Passifl -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.04-29.05 167.99 167.94 27/11/2014 22/09/2013 Rosaceae Anacardiaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Proteaceae -29.05 167.92 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Arecaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Moraceae -29.06-29.03 167.94-29.05 167.95 11/10/2014 167.92 22/09/2013 Rutaceae 7/10/2014 Rutaceae Asparagaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.0 167.99 24/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.93 27/11/2014 Cannabaceae -29.04 167.98 27/11/2014 Caricaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 41 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY sp. Citrus Berlese funnel of leaf litter under palms Berlese funnel of leaf litter under palms Berlese funnel of leaf litter under palms pan in various Yellow vegetables Beating of grape vine growing over Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection in leaf litter Y ? Hand collection YY YN Y? Y Y Hand collection Y? Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash YY Y Y Ethanol wash YYY Y Y Y Beating Ethanol wash Beating Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) . . Berlese, 1903 sp sp Berlese, 1914 Porter, 1967 Porter, species

Anaphothrips sudanensis 1911 Trybom, Anaphothrips obscurus 1776) (Müller, Anaphothrips dubius Anaphothrips dubius Anaphothrips dubius Anaphothrips dubius (Girault, 1926) Anaglyptothrips dugdalei Ameroseius Ameroseius Ameroseius Ameroseius ornatus Ameroseius 1956 Womersley, sextuberculi Ameroseius 1996 Karg, Anacis Anaglyptothrips dugdalei 1983 Mound & Palmer, Amblyseius Amblyseius Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Amblyseius herbicolus Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Mesostigmata Ameroseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Target orderTarget family Target . L. . var L. L. ers var . . L L species

Cenchrus clandestinus (Hoschst. ex Morrone Chiov.) Glycine max Bidens pilosa Solanum lycopersicum persica Prunus persica Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Defl Quercus Quercus Citrus ×aurantium Trifolium Trifolium Solanum lycopersicum Annona muricata Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera Vitis Terminalia catappa Terminalia Pyrus communis Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Host -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.02 167.95 21/03/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Rubiaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Mesostigmata Ameroseiidae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Fagaceae -29.01-29.01 167.94-29.00 167.94 24/09/2013-29.05 167.93 24/09/2013 Arecaceae 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Arecaceae Various 25/03/2014 Unknown Unknown Poaceae Mesostigmata Mesostigmata Unknown Ameroseiidae Ameroseiidae Hymenoptera Thysanoptera Ichneumonidae Phlaeothripidae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.02 167.93 27/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Annonaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Vitaceae -29.03-29.05 167.96-29.04 167.96 25/11/2014 167.98 9/10/2014 Unknown 27/11/2014 Vitaceae Vitaceae Unknown Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Combretaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Myrtaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

42 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers Hand collection from corn male fl Hand collection from dead sugar cane leaves Light trap in Norfolk Island pines pan in bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Hand collection from leaf bases Hand collection from grassy fence Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY Y ? Hand collection Light trap Y ? Light trap in eucalypt forest Y Y Hand collection YY YY YYY Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Y? YY ?Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Bezzilure trap Y Bezzilure trap Bezzilure trap Y? YY YY Y Y Hand collection from fl YYY ?Y ? ? Light trap ? Hand collection Hand collection from leaves Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ...... Zimmerman, sp sp sp sp sp sp. sp Paykull, 1798 species

Anaphothrips sudanensis Ancyttalia 1994 Ancyttalia Anthicus Ancyttalia Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Ancyttalia Ancyttalia Ancyttalia Anthomyia punctipennis 1830 Wiedemann, Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Ancyttalia Anthicus Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Anaphothrips sudanensis Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Coleoptera Anthicidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ColeopteraColeopteraColeoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae Curculionidae Coleoptera Anthicidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target L. . L , . L. L. L. sp . L species

Cenchrus clandestinus Trifolium Trifolium Zea mays Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae Solanum melongena Chenopodium Saccharum cinarum offi Rosa vinifera Vitis Mangifera indica Cucurbita pepo Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Host Poaceae, Cyperaceae NANA NA NA Diptera Diptera Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae 29/05/2014; 21/06/2014; 24/06/2014; 17/07/2014 12/06/2014; 24/06/2014 -29.01-29.01 167.93 167.93 27/02/2014 3/12/2014 NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.01 167.94 2/12/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 22/12/2013 Various Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.03-29.01 167.99-29.03 167.92 22/12/2012 167.99 26/11/2014 Poaceae 22/10/2013 Poaceae Poaceae, Fabaceae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 -29.05 167.98 -29.05-29.05 167.97 167.96 6/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Anthomyiidae -29.03 167.97 28/11/2014 NA-29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 NA Solanaceae Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.02 167.99 22/03/2014 167.96 9/07/2013 Chenopodiaceae 9/07/2013 NA Poaceae NA Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.01-29.036984 167.95 167.99122-29.04 25/09/2013 23/09/2013 167.93 Vitaceae Rosaceae 11/11/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.05 167.98 24/03/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.95 23/12/2012 Poaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 43 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY y trap y Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y pan Yellow Y ? Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Sweep net Y Y Light trap Y YY Bezzilure trap YY Bezzilure trap Y YY Y Bezzilure trap YY Light trap Bezzilure trap Y YY Y LuciLure trap Y Y pan Yellow Y Y LuciLure trap Y LuciLure trap Blowfl Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Kirby, 1883 Kirby, species

Anystis baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Anthomyia punctipennis Antrocephalus Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Anthomyia punctipennis Target Anthomyia punctipennis Trombidiformes Anystidae Diptera Anthomyiidae Diptera Anthomyiidae Target orderTarget family Target species

Araucaria heterophylla Daucus carota Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Host NANA NA NANA DipteraNA Diptera NA Anthomyiidae NA Anthomyiidae NA DipteraNA Diptera NA Anthomyiidae NA Anthomyiidae Diptera Diptera Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae NA NA Diptera Anthomyiidae 10/06/2014; 24/06/2014; 2/07/2014 12/06/2014; 24/06/2014; 17/07/2014; 12/12/2014; 2/07/2014 24/06/2014; 2/07/2014; 24/07/2014; 10/06/2014 2/07/2014; 29/05/2014; 02/06/2014; 12/06/2014; 2/07/2014; 12/06/2014; 17/07/2014; 24/06/2014 10/06/2014; 24/06/2014 17/07/2014; 2/07/2014; 2/06/2014; 12/06/2014; 24/06/2014; -29.02 167.95 25/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.94 19/02/2014 Poaceae Unknown Hymenoptera Chalcididae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.94 23/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Anthomyiidae -29.05 167.93 -29.05 167.97 -29.03 167.96-29.03 25/05/2014 167.93 -29.03 NA 167.98 -29.03 167.99-29.02 NA 23/10/2013 167.97 -29.01-29.01 NA Various 167.92 Diptera 167.56 2/07/2014 Diptera Anthomyiidae NA Anthomyiidae NA Diptera Anthomyiidae -29.05 167.96 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

44 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collectio, plant badly damaged Hand collection, plant badly damaged Hand collection plants damaged by leafhoppers Hand collection extensive damage to plant Hand collection from dead wood Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y? Y ? Beating Y? Y ? Hand collection Y ? Beating Y ? Sweep net N N Beating ?? Y Y?? Hand collection Y YY Hand collection ? Beating Y Y Beating YYY Y Beating Y Y Sweep net Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection and beating Y Y Beating Y Y Beating YY YY Y Beating Y Beating Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Knights, NI02 NI02 NI01 NI01 NI01 NI01 ...... nov nov nov nov nov nov . . . . .

. sp sp sp sp sp sp sp Fletcher & von Heyden, 1826 species

Anzygina Anzygina Anzygina Anzygina Anzygina Anzygina 1976) Anzygina jowettae Anzygina Anystis baccarum Anystis Anzygina Larivière, 2009 Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Anystis baccarum Target Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Anystidae Hemiptera Anystidae Cicadellidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Trombidiformes Anystidae Target orderTarget family Target . Scop. . . sp sp Comm L. . L. species

Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Phaseolus vulgaris Cordyline Cordyline Cordyline Cordyline ex R.Br. Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Cyathea brownii Cyathea brownii Domin Achyranthes aspera Phaseolus vulgaris L. Araucaria heterophylla obtecta Cordyline Zehneria baueriana Endl. Vitis vinifera Vitis Solanum mauritianum Schinus terebinthifolius Ricinus communis L. Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Coprosma baueri Coprosma Endl. Coprosma J.R.Forst. & G.Forst Hibiscus rosa- sinensis Araucaria heterophylla Host Araucariaceae 15/10/2014; 14/10/2014 -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.06 167.96 24/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.94 24/05/2014 Cyatheaceae -29.13 167.95 14/10/2014 Amaranthaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96-29.02 26/02/2014 167.96 Araucariaceae 10/06/2013 Asparagaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Unknown Unknown Trombidiformes Anystidae -29.05 167.96 9/10/2014 Vitaceae -29.01 167.93 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.99 23/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12-29.02 167.95-29.06 167.93 14/10/2014 167.97 25/02/2014 Rubiaceae 25/05/2014 Rubiaceae Malvaceae -29.12 167.96 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 45 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Light trap Set 11.10.14, Light trap Set 11.10.14, collected 12.10.2014 Culicoides trap Set 24.5.2014, collected 27.5.2014 Yellow pan in young Yellow vegetable seedlings Hand collection leaf curl numbers of aphids on – large underside of leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Y Y?? Beating and hand collection NNN YN Y YNY Light trap Y Light trap Light trap Light trap N Y Hand collection NNY Y Hand collection N Y pan Yellow NY N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y pan Yellow Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ? ? Beating ?? ? ? pan Yellow Hand collection ? ? Light trap (Olivier, (Olivier, Glover, 1877 Glover, . Doyer de sp Foerster, 1862 Foerster, Illiger, 1798 Illiger, . species Linnaeus, 1758 sp

Aphis nerii Aphodius Aphodius lividus Aphis nerii Fonscolombe, 1841 Aphodius lividus 1789) Aphodius lividus Aphodius lividus Aphodius lividus Aphodius lividus Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis gossypii Aphis Aphis Apanteles Target Apanteles Hemiptera Aphididae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae Hymenoptera Braconidae Target orderTarget family Target L. L. . sp species

, Musa Gomphocarpus physocarpus E.Mey. Citrus ×aurantium Nerium oleander Annona muricata Solanum melongena Ocimum basilicum L. Meryta latifolia (Endl.) Seem. Lantana camara Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Araucaria heterophylla Lactuca sativa Solanum mauritianum Host Solanum melongena NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae 11/10/2014; 11/10/2014; 27/11/2014 20/02/2014; 12/10/2014 -29.03 167.96 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Apocynaceae -29.05 167.95 -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.03-29.03 167.96-29.03 167.96-29.03 23/02/2014 167.97 20/02/2014 167.98 NA 27/11/2014 NA 24/05/2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2014 Apocynaceae -29.04 167.96 27/02/2014 Hemiptera Various Aphididae -29.04 167.99 28/11/2014 Annonaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.94 11/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Verbenaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.06 167.94 26/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.01 167.94 24/02/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Braconidae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.01 167.93 167.93 12/06/2013 13/06/2013 Asteraceae Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

46 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers Hand collection from leaf bases Hand collection from dead plant Hand collection from dead wood Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection from litter YYY Y Hand collection from fl YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY NNN YN YN pan Yellow Y Y Sweep net Y pan Yellow pan Yellow Bucket light trap in orchard N Y Sweep net NN YN YN Sweep net N YN Bezzilure trap Y Y Hand collection Y LuciLure trap Light trap in eucalypt forest Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) N Y pan Yellow (Daniel, Linnaeus, species

Apterygothrips australis Apterothrips apteris Apterothrips Apterygothrips australis Apterothrips apteris Apterothrips Apterothrips apteris Apterothrips Apterothrips apteris Apterothrips Apterothrips apteris Apterothrips 1904) Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera simplexella Aproaerema 1864) (Walker, Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Apis mellifera Target Apis mellifera 1758 ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Apidae Apidae Hymenoptera Apidae Hymenoptera Apidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Apidae Apidae Target orderTarget family Target L., . . sp sp J.Koenig (Mill.) Morus species

.repens Arachis pintoi & Krapov. W.C.Greg. Cenchrus clandestinus Trifolium Trifolium Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Fuss unknown Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var Murraya ex L., Solanum lycopersicum Polygala myrtifolia L. Digitaria Macadamia integrifolia Araucaria heterophylla Host Apiaceae Rutaceae, Moraceae, unknown NA NA Hymenoptera Apidae 23/11/2014; 23/11/2014; 24/12/2014 12/06/2014; 1/10/2014; 25/10/2014 -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03-29.00 167.94 167.93 28/11/2014 23/03/2014 Fabaceae Poaceae -29.035 167.94 25/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 24/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.04 167.99 -29.04-29.03 167.99-29.00 167.99-29.00 8/10/2014 167.93 23/10/2013-29.037 167.93 Fabaceae 23/12/2012 167.99 Hymenoptera Various 22/02/2014 Hymenoptera Various 24/12/2013 Apidae NA Apidae NA Lepidoptera Gelechiidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.05-29.04 167.97 -29.03 167.99-29.01 167.98-29.13 25/09/2013 167.93-29.03 25/08/2014 167.95 NA 3/12/2014 167.97 NA 14/10/2014 NA 7/10/2014 NA NA Polygalaceae NA NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Apidae Hymenoptera Apidae Hymenoptera Apidae Apidae -29.03-29.03 167.94 167.94 10/10/2014 10/10/2014 Poaceae Proteaceae -29.00 167.93 27/02/2014 Hymenoptera Various Apidae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 47 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers and grasses Hand collection from felled tree 10 months old Berlese funnel of leaf litter under palms Hand collection from under bark of billets Sweep net in eucalypt forest, leaf litter and fallen timber Hand collection from leaf bases Hand collection from dead sugar cane leaves Hand collection from eucalypt forest Hand collection from dead grass Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from leaves, fl Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y? YY ? ? Beating Beating Y ? Beating YYY ? ? ? pan under plant Yellow Sweep net in eucalypt forest from eucalypt litter Trapping Y ? Beating NY? N Hand collection ?? ?? Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY YYY Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection in grass YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves YY YY YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Lea, (Haliday, (Haliday, Blackburn, sp.

sp. sp. sp. sp. Wollaston, 1854 Wollaston, sp. sp. Erichson, 1842 species

Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arthrolips Arsipoda Armascirus lebowensis 1978? Heyer, 1926) Argopistes armipes Argopistes Araeocerodes Araeocerodes 1900 Araeocerodes Araeocerodes Aptinothrips rufus Aptinothrips rufus 1836) Apterygothrips sparsus Apterygothrips sparsus Apterygothrips sparsus Apterygothrips sparsus Apterygothrips sparsus Apterygothrips sparsus Apterygothrips sparsus 1986 Walker, Mound & Apterygothrips australis Pitkin, 1973 Target Apterygothrips australis Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae ColeopteraColeopteraColeoptera Corylophidae Corylophidae Corylophidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Anthribidae Coleoptera Anthribidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target Banks sp. sp. sp. Jacq. . L sp. species

Musa Araucaria heterophylla Lupinus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Ipomoea cairica Araucaria heterophylla Solanum orum nodifl Eucalyptus Dysoxylum bijugum (Labill.) Seem. Araucaria heterophylla Medicago sativa Cenchrus clandestinus Saccharum cinarum offi Pittosporum ex Gaertn. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.03-29.02 167.93 167.96 12/06/2013 13/10/2014 Musaceae Araucariaceae -29.12 167.95 15/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.01-29.02 167.93-29.05 167.92 20/05/2014 167.92 25/05/2014 Myrtaceae 23/05/2014 Myrtaceae Convolvulaceae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Cunaxidae -29.01-29.01 167.93 167.94 20/05/2014 11/06/2013 Myrtaceae Meliaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.93 29/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 22/12/2012 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.01 167.93-29.05 25/11/2014 167.98 Poaceae 24/03/2014 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03 167.93-29.03 22/12/2013 167.99 Unknown 22/12/2012 Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 9/07/2013 Poaceae -29.02 167.96 23/10/2013 Pittosporaceae -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 Poaceae -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.96 21/12/2013 Various Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

48 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from young leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Light trap ?? Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y from leaf litter Trapping Y Y Hand collection YY Y YYY Hand collection Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Bouché, sp. Harold, 1867 species

von Heyden, 1826 Ataenius Ataenius Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips Asprothrips seminigricornis Asprothrips (Girault, 1926) Aspidiotus nerii Aspidiotus nerii Aspidiotus nerii 1833 Target Asca Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Target orderTarget family Target

var. var. var. var. L. var. L. Becc. sp. sp. sp. species

Casimiroa edulis Casimiroa La Llave & Lex. Vitex trifolia Vitex Vernicia fordii fordii Vernicia (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica Passifl ora Passifl Passifl ora edulis Passifl Passifl ora edulis Passifl Sims Citrus Citrus Lagunaria patersonia Citrus Citrus ×aurantium Howea Meryta angustifolia (Endl.) Seem Mangifera indica Host oraceae oraceae oraceae Euphorbiaceae Rutaceae 26/12/2013; 25/03/2014 24/12/2013; 24/03/2014; 25/12/2014 -29.05 167.92 26/11/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae -29.00 167.93 24/10/2013 Coleoptera Various Scarabaeidae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.94 21/11/2014 Lamiaceae -29.02 167.96 -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.02 167.95 25/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.97 27/11/2014 Passifl -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Passifl -29.03 167.95 26/09/2013 Passifl -29.02 167.94 25/05/2014 NA NA Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.04 167.96 26/03/2014 Rutaceae -29.04-29.04 167.99 167.99 25/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.04 167.93 20/06/2013 Mesostigmata Various Ascidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 49 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Bucket light trap in citrus and avocado trees Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y? Y Y Sweep net Y Y Light trap Y Y Light trap Y Y Bucket light trap Y Y Light trap Y Y Light trap Y Y Light trap N Y Light trap N Y Bucket light trap in orchard N Y Light trap ? ? Light trap in garden ?? ? ? Light trap ? ? Bezzilure trap ? ? Light trap ? ? Bezzilure trap ? ? Bezzilure trap ? ? Bezzilure trap N? Y ? Light trap Sweep net N Y Light trap N Y Light trap ? ? Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Moore, Harold, (Butler, 1886) (Butler, sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Rondani, 1856 Lee, 1973 sp. species

Athiasella Aulacorthum solani Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843) Athetis thoracica Athetis thoracica Athetis thoracica Athetis thoracica Athetis thoracica Athetis thoracica 1884) Athetis tenuis Athetis tenuis Athetis tenuis Atherigona Atherigona Atherigona Atherigona Atherigona Atherigona Atherigona Atherigona Atherigona Ataenius picinus Ataenius picinus Ataenius picinus 1867 Ataenius Target Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Diptera Muscidae Target orderTarget family Target species

Lactuca sativa Cucurbita maxima Lam.

Host Asteraceae NA NA Diptera Muscidae 12/06/2013; 26/09/2013 2/07/2014; 12/06/2014; 24/06/2014 -29.03 167.93 -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Mesostigmata Ologamasidae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.03 167.97 22/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.01 167.95 23/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.03 167.94 26/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.05 167.92 19/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.04 167.94 28/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.03 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.00 167.93 21/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.01 167.94 24/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.03 167.93 10/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.05 167.92 19/05/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.06 167.96 -29.06 167.96 6/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.06-29.06 167.94 167.97 22/09/2013 24/06/2014 Various NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae -29.03 167.95 7/10/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

50 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan on bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Hand collection from an outside light on building Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Trapping from eucalypt Trapping leaf litter Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y pan among plants Yellow Y? YY ?Y ? Hand collection ? Hand collection pan Yellow N Y Light trap in eucalypt forest YY YYY Y from leaf litter Trapping YYY Y Y Beating Y Beating Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection

cf. cf. cf. cf. Lower, 1952 Lower, sp. sp. sp. species

Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca (Paoli, 1936) Austroasca Austroasca Austroasca Austroasca Austroasca Austroasca Australothis rubrescens Australothis rubrescens 1858) (Walker, Australophiloscia nichollsi 1973 Vandel, Australophiloscia Australophiloscia nichollsi nichollsi Australophiloscia Australophiloscia nichollsi nichollsi Aulacorthum solani Target Aulacorthum solani Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae HemipteraHemiptera Cicadellidae Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Isopoda Philosciidae IsopodaIsopoda Philosciidae Philosciidae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget Hemiptera family Target Aphididae L. sp. L. L. sp. species

Physalis Phaseolus vulgaris Medicago sativa Lactuca sativa Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Glycine max Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita pepo Cucumis melo Zanthoxylum pinnatum (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) W.R.B.Oliv. Zea mays Phaseolus vulgaris Eucalyptus Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Musa Coffea Solanum lycopersicum Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Fabaceae NA NA Isopoda Philosciidae 14/06/2013; 20/02/2014 25/05/2014; 01/12/2014 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.99 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.94 18/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.02 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.05 167.93-29.03-29.03 13/06/2013 167.99 167.99 Rutaceae 24/12/2012 23/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 -29.03 167.95 21/09/2013 NA NA Hemiptera Cicadellidae -29.01 167.93 27/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.02 167.92 25/05/2014 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Isopoda Philosciidae -29.06-29.04 167.97-29.02 167.93 24/05/2014 167.94 18/02/2014 Brassicaceae Musaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rubiaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 51 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Sweep net of beans among corn Yellow pan in bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli pan among various Yellow vegetable seedlings Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y pan Yellow N Y Beating NY NN Y Y Beating pan near bananas Yellow N Y pan Yellow NN Y Y Sweep net pan Yellow N Y Beating NY NN YNY Y pan Yellow pan Yellow N N Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Rentz, 1988 species

Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus 1835) (Walker, connexus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosalomona Austrosalomona personafrons Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Austroasca viridigrisea Austroasca Target Diptera Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae DipteraDiptera Dolichopodidae Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae DipteraDiptera Dolichopodidae Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Target orderTarget family Target , L. italica Lactuca var. sp. sp. sp., species

Solanum lycopersicum Psidium guajava Ocimum basilicum Musa Phaseolus vulgaris Ocimum basilicum Musa Musa sativa Daucus carota Daucus carota Cucurbita pepo

Baloghia inophylla (G.Forst.) P.S.Green Plenck Zea mays, Brassica oleracea Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum L. Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Host Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae Various DipteraVarious Dolichopodidae Various HemipteraVarious Cicadellidae Poaceae, Brassicaceae 23 - 24/03/2014; 23/12/2012; 27/02/2014; 26/12/2012 23/12/2012; 27/02/2014; 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Myrtaceae -29.00-29.04 167.93 167.99 26/12/2012 8/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Lamiaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.93 24/12/2012 26/12/2012 Musaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93-29.00 24/10/2013 167.93 Diptera Various Dolichopodidae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various -29.00 167.93 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

52 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from tree felled 10 months previously Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli Light trap Set 11.10.14, collected 12.10.2014 pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YY YYY Y Beating Y Y Beating Y Y Sweep net Y Y Sweep net Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Sweep net and beating Y Y Beating Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection N?? YY Y pan Yellow NY N Y pan Yellow N Y Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ulc, (L. norfolcensis cf. species

Baenothrips moundi (Stannard, 1970) Koch, 1867) Badumna longinqua Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bactericera cockerelli Bacanius Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Bactericera cockerelli 1909 Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Austrosciapus connexus Austrosciapus Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Araneae Desidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Hemiptera Triozidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Target orderTarget family Target italica italica Brassica Brassica , , var. var. species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. Zea mays oleracea Zea mays oleracea Solanum melongena Host Poaceae, Brassicaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.02 167.95 20/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96 13/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.96 27/02/2014 Hemiptera Various Triozidae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 28/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.96 11/10/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Histeridae -29.03 167.99-29.04 23/10/2013-29.04 167.95 Diptera Various 167.96 1/12/2014 25/11/2014 Hemiptera Various Dolichopodidae Convolvulaceae Triozidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 53 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection from dead wood and dead palm fronds Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection from dead palm frond Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch Collection method Hand collection from dead wood and grass Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead leaves from eucalypt Trapping leaf litter Hand collection from dead banana leaves Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead frond Hand collection from dead sugar cane leaves Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY Y Y Hand collection YY YY YY YY YY YY YY YY YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) YY YY YY Y Hand collection YY Hand collection from leaves YYY YY Hand collection from lichens YY YY YY species

Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Target Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget Thysanoptera family Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae sp. sp. . (Seem.) sp sp. species

Cordyline obtecta Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Eucalyptus Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Cenchrus purpureus obtecta Cordyline Elaeodendron curtipendulum Endl. Musa Musa Quercus Rhopalostylis baueri & Drude H.Wendl. Saccharum cinarum offi Host Asparagaceae 23/12/2013; 30/11/2014; 22/12/2012 -29.02 167.95 21/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.92 26/11/2014 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 22/10/2013 Various Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 24/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2012 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.95 23/11/2014 Arecaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 30/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.94-29.01 22/12/2013 167.94 Asparagaceae -29.02 167.92 25/05/2014 Myrtaceae -29.01-29.01 167.95-29.03 167.94 26/12/2013 167.99 22/03/2014-29.02 Araucariaceae 22/03/2014 Araucariaceae 167.95 Poaceae -29.02 12/07/2013 167.95 Asparagaceae -29.00 24/12/2013-29.02 167.93-29.03 Celastraceae 167.95 24/12/2012-29.01 167.99 22/11/2014 Musaceae -29.02 167.94 22/03/2014 Musaceae -29.02 167.96 23/12/2013 Fagaceae 167.95 9/07/2013 Arecaceae 21/12/2013 Poaceae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

54 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY trap Set owering plants owering Sweep net in dead seed heads Culicoides 24.5.2014, collected 27.5.2014 Hand collection from Leaf bases Culicoides trap Set 21.5.2014, collected 24.5.2014, cattle pasture Sweep net from cattle pasture Sweep net from pasture grass Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection berlesate from leaf litter Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y pan Yellow NY N Y pan Yellow N Y Beating fl N Y pan Yellow N Y Hand collection YY YY N Y Sweep net Y YN Hand collection from litter Y pan near bananas Yellow Y Y Light trap YY YY Y Y Beating YY Y Y Sweep net Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection berlesate YY YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Butler, (Butler, species

Batracomorphus angustatus Batracomorphus angustatus Batracomorphus angustatus Batracomorphus angustatus Batracomorphus angustatus Batracomorphus angustatus Balclutha lucida Bamboosiella cingulata Batracomorphus angustatus Bamboosiella cingulata (Hood, 1919) Batracomorphus angustatus (Osborn, 1934) Balclutha lucida 1877) Balclutha incisa (Matsumura, 1902) Balaustium medicagoense Balaustium medicagoense Balaustium medicagoense Balaustium medicagoense Balaustium medicagoense 1959 Meyer & Ryke, Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Baenothrips moundi Target Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target

Schott. Olea subsp. sp. sp. species

Rumex brownii Rumex brownii Campd. Ocimum basilicum, Musa Ocimum basilicum Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Glycine max Cenchrus clandestinus Daucus carota Unknown, europaea cuspidata Apium graveolens L. Achyranthes aspera Digitaria Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host Various HemipteraVarious Cicadellidae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae 23/12/2012; 27/02/2014 -29.00 167.93 -29.02 167.97 22/12/2012 Polygonaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Lamiaceae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93-29.03 23/03/2014 167.98 Poaceae 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.00 167.94-29.00 24/03/2014 167.93 Poaceae, Oleaceae 26/12/2012 -29.05 167.93 24/05/2014 NA NA Hemiptera Cicadellidae -29.05 167.92 19/05/2014 NA NA Hemiptera Cicadellidae -29.01 167.92 24/05/2014 NA NA Hemiptera Cicadellidae -29.13 167.95 14/10/2014 Amaranthaceae -29.01 167.92 21/05/2014 Poaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Erythraeidae -29.04 167.94 19/02/2014 Poaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Erythraeidae -29.03 167.94 10/10/2014 Poaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.95 21/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 22/12/2012 Arecaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 55 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from felled tree #8 Hand collection from under bark of billets pan In bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from under timber pa among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables Hand collection from dead leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Beating dead leaves YY YY YY? ?YY? Hand collection ? Hand collection YYYY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection Y Y pan near bananas Yellow Y ? Hand collection YY YYY YYY Hand collection Y? YY Y ? Light trap Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves NY N Y Light trap Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Rentz, Herbst, 1793 sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Bitoma Bitoma Bitoma Bitoma Bourletiella hortensis Bhattithrips frontalis Bhattithrips frontalis Bourletiella hortensis Bitoma Bhattithrips frontalis Bhattithrips frontalis Bhattithrips frontalis Bourletiella hortensis Bitoma Bhattithrips frontalis Bourletiella hortensis (Fitch, 1863) Bitoma Blastopsylla occidentalis 1985 Taylor, Bourletiella hortensis Bhattithrips frontalis Bhattithrips frontalis Bhattithrips frontalis Bhattithrips frontalis (Bagnall, 1916) Bethelium diversicorne (White, 1846) Target Beiericolya tardipes 1988) ColeopteraColeoptera Zopheridae Coleoptera Zopheridae Coleoptera Zopheridae Zopheridae Collembola Bourletiellidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Collembola Bourletiellidae Coleoptera Zopheridae Thysanoptera Thripidae Collembola Bourletiellidae Coleoptera Zopheridae Thysanoptera Thripidae Hemiptera Psyllidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. Sm. sp. Lam. species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Eucalyptus banksia Freycinetia A.Cunn. Araucaria heterophylla Cucurbita pepo Eucalyptus Passifl ora Passifl Apium graveolens Dianella Eucalyptus botryoides Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea R.Br. Host oraceae Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae Commelinaceae 23/03/2014; 25/11/2014; 23/10/2013 -29.02 167.97-29.03 22/09/2013 167.97-29.01 Araucariaceae 7/10/2014 167.93 Araucariaceae 26/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.94 24/12/2012 Pandanaceae -29.02 167.93-29.02 12/10/2014 167.93 Araucariaceae 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.00-29.01 167.94 167.94 11/07/2013 24/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae -29.00 167.94 23/10/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.93 26/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.04 167.97 27/11/2014 Passifl -29.00 167.93 24/10/2013 Collembola Various Bourletiellidae -29.03 167.97 27/11/2014-29.00-29.00 NA 167.93 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various 26/12/2012 NA Coleoptera Zopheridae Collembola Bourletiellidae -29.00 167.94 24/10/2013 Phormiaceae -29.03 167.96 26/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.94 30/11/2014 Asparagaceae -29.00 167.94 -29.03-29.05 167.97 167.93 27/11/2014 23/11/2014 NA Commelinaceae NA Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.04 167.94 28/02/2014 NA NA Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

56 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Trapping from native palnt Trapping nursery Hand collection and trapping from potting mix Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection (recent copper spray) Culicoides trap Set 21.5.2014, collected 24.5.2014 Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY ? ? Ethanol wash Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash YY NY N?YY Y Hand collection N?N? YN?N? Y Hand collection N? YN? Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection on rocks Hand collection N? Y N? Y Hand collection YYN Y pan Yellow YYY Y pan Yellow Y Y pan among plants Yellow Y Y pan Yellow Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y pan Yellow Thor, 1931 Thor, sp. sp. sp. Donnadieu, species

Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus 1875 Bradysia impatiens australis Brentiscerus 1916) (Bergroth, Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen, 1912) Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris Bradybaena similaris (Férussac, 1821) Brachytydeus Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) Bourletiella hortensis Bourletiella hortensis Bourletiella hortensis Bourletiella hortensis Target Bourletiella hortensis TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Hemiptera Aphididae Collembola Bourletiellidae Collembola Bourletiellidae Collembola Bourletiellidae Target orderTarget family Target Collembola Bourletiellidae L. italica Brassica Lactuca , var. sp. L. sp. sp., species

Citrus Citrus reticulata Citrus ×limon Carica papaya Agave Howea belmoreana Howea belmoreana (C.Moore & Becc., F.Muell.) Howea forsteriana Cucumis sativus Allium schoenoprasum Solanum melongena Zea mays oleracea Solanum melongena Musa Musa sativa Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Poaceae, Brassicaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04-29.01 167.97-29.04 167.94 1/12/2014 167.98 24/09/2013 NA 27/11/2014 Arecaceae Caricaceae Unknown NA Hemiptera Diptera Rhyparochromidae Sciaridae -29.02 167.93 28/11/2014 NA NA Diptera Sciaridae -29.04-29.04 167.94-29.03 167.99-29.02 23/09/2013 167.93-29.05 25/09/2013 167.97-29.03 NA 27/09/2013 167.93 NA 22/09/2013 167.95 NA 20/06/2013 NA 18/02/2014 NA Unknown NA Asparagaceae NA Unknown NA Stylommatophora Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Stylommatophora Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Bradybaenidae Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Bradybaenidae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.95 13/06/2013 Alliaceae -29.05 167.95 24/05/2014 NA NA Trombidiformes Tydeidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Collembola Various Bourletiellidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Musaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 57 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from felled tree #2 Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Sweep net ? ? Sweep net Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash ?? ?Y? ? Culicoides trap 6 ? ? Beating ? ? Beating ? ? Beating ? ? Beating YYN ?N ?Y N Hand collection N Hand collection Light trap Y Hand collection Sweep net Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) group group Reck, sp. sp. sp. Reuter, 1884 Reuter, Berlese, 1888 sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Blackburn, sp. sp. Robineau- sp.nov.? sp. nov.? Keifer, 1940 Keifer, species

Calliphora Desvoidy, 1830 Desvoidy, Calacarus Calliphora Calacarus Calacarus sp. nov.? Cacephatus Cacephatus 1900 Caeculisoma Buchananiella Buchananiella Buchananiella Buchananiella Brevipalpus phoenicis Brevipalpus phoenicis group Brevipalpus sp. C norfolkensis Brontispa Gressitt, 1960 norfolkensis Brontispa Bryobia vasiljevi 1953 Brevipalpus phoenicis Brevipalpus Brevipalpus phoenicis Brevipalpus (Geijskes, 1939) species- group Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Target Diptera Calliphoridae TrombidiformesDiptera Eriophyidae Calliphoridae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Coleoptera Anthribidae Hemiptera Anthocoridae Hemiptera Anthocoridae Hemiptera Anthocoridae Hemiptera Anthocoridae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Tenuipalpidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Target orderTarget family Target

f. L’Hér. sp. sp. sp. species

Lagunaria patersonia Citrus Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Ricinus communis Phaseolus vulgaris Passifl ora edulis Passifl avicarpa fl Citrus Howea Ipomoea cairica Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Pelargonium Pelargonium ex Aiton Citrus ×aurantiifolia Passifl ora edulis Passifl Mangifera indica Cucumis sativus Host oraceae oraceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.94 3/12/2014 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.93 24/11/2014 Araucariaceae Unknown Unknown-29.05 11/10/2013 167.92 NA 25/11/2014 Araucariaceae NA Coleoptera Anthribidae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Erythraeidae -29.05 167.93 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.99 23/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.92 22/05/2014 Passifl -29.02-29.03 167.96-29.02 167.97-29.04 10/06/2013 167.96-29.12 27/11/2014 167.94 Rutaceae 25/05/2014 167.96 NA 19/02/2014 Arecaceae 15/10/2014 Poaceae Convolvulaceae NA Unknown Coleoptera Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Chrysomelidae -29.00 167.92 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.03 167.94 24/11/2014 Geraniaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.95 26/11/2014 Passifl -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Cucurbitaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

58 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owering plants owering Collection method LuciLure trap Hand collection from milled Norfolk Island pine Hand collection from timber billets Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ? ? LuciLure trap ? ? LuciLure trap ?? ? ? Bezzilure trap ? ? Bezzilure trap ? ? Bezzilure trap ? ? Bezzilure trap ? ? LuciLure trap ? ? Beating fl ? ? pan Yellow ? ? Sweep net NY YYY N? N N Ethanol wash Beating ? Ethanol wash Hand collection ? ? LuciLure trap NNNY YN Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Light trap #1 ? ? Light trap in eucalypt forest ?? ? ? Light trap #4 Sweep net and beating (Lea, Solier, 1849 Solier, sp. sp. Reuter, 1878 Reuter, sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Oudemans, 1911 sp. sp. species

Target Calliphora Calliphora Calliphora Calliphora Calliphora Calliphora Calliphora Calliphora Campylomma Campylomma Calvolia Calvolia Calvolia Calymmaderus Campylomma Calliphora Calpurnius castaneus Calliphora Calpurnius castaneus Calpurnius castaneus 1913) Calpurnius castaneus Calliphora Calpurnius castaneus Calliphora Target orderTarget family Target Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae Sarcoptiformes Sarcoptiformes Sarcoptiformes ColeopteraHemiptera Ptinidae Miridae Coleoptera Curculionidae DipteraColeoptera Calliphoridae Curculionidae Lactuca sp., species

Host Ocimum basilicum Musa sativa Cucumis sativus Ricinus communis Solanum lycopersicum Lagunaria patersonia Medicago sativa Araucaria heterophylla Solanum lycopersicum Araucaria heterophylla NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae Musaceae, Asteraceae 2/07/2014; 02/06/2014; 28/08/2014 17/07/2014; 02/07/2014 25/08/2014; 12/12/2014 10/06/2014; 24/06/2014 -29.05 167.9587 12/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae -29.06 167.96 -29.05 167.93 2/07/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae Latitude Longitude Date Host family -29.05 167.97 -29.04 167.93 24/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae -29.04 167.93 -29.04 167.94 25/08/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae -29.01 167.92 28/05/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae -29.01 167.92 -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Lamiaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.12 167.93-29.05 23/05/2014 167.95 27/11/2014 167.93 Euphorbiaceae 14/10/2014 Solanaceae 13/06/2013 Malvaceae Fabaceae -29.01 167.93 27/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae -29.03-29.03 167.95 167.97-29.03 25/02/2014 18/02/2014 167.97 NA NA 21/05/2014 Araucariaceae NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.03 167.96 19/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.03 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae -29.05-29.03 167.92 167.97 7/10/2014 7/10/2014 Solanaceae Araucariaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 59 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NNN N Hand collection N N Beating NN N N Hand collection Hand collection NNN N N N Beating Hand collection from soil Hand collection from garden N N Beating N N Hand collection N N Sweep net N N Hand collection N N Hand collection N N Hand collection Y YN Sweep net N Hand collection YY YN YNN Hand collection Hand collection Y Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection ? ? pan Yellow ? ? pan among plants Yellow ? ? Beating Taylor, Taylor, nuda . cf. sp. sp. sp species

Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Forel, 1881 Cardiaspina fi scella fi Cardiaspina Cardiocondyla emeryi Cardiocondyla Cardiaspina fi scella fi Cardiaspina scella fi Cardiaspina emeryi Cardiocondyla Target Campylomma Cardiaspina fi scella fi Cardiaspina 1962 Campylomma Campylomma Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hemiptera Psyllidae Hymenoptera Formicidae HemipteraHemiptera Psyllidae Psyllidae Target orderTarget family Target Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Psyllidae Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae , L. sp. sp. sp. L. L. Less. sp. species

italica italica capitata Solanum tuberosum Phaseolus Solanum lycopersicum Persea americana Mill. Hibiscus Cordyline Cordyline Conyza Cenchrus purpureus Carica papaya Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Eucalyptus Eucalyptus botryoides Ocimum basilicum Musa Eucalyptus botryoides Host Rosmarinus cinalis offi Eucalyptus botryoides Solanum melongena Brassicaceae, Solanaceae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99 167.93 20/02/2014 19/02/2014 Fabaceae Solanaceae -29.04-29.02 167.94-29.00 167.97 23/09/2013 167.93 22/09/2013 NA 20/02/2014 NA Lauraceae NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.04 167.99 22/05/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Caricaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.05 167.92 24/05/2014-29.03 Poaceae 167.99 25/09/2013 Unknown Brassicaceae Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 -29.01-29.03 167.93 167.95-29.03 26/02/2014 19/05/2014 167.99 Myrtaceae Myrtaceae 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.02 167.95 26/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.95 12/06/2013 Lamiaceae -29.03 167.96 26/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

60 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY observed Drosophila Hand collection from rotting fruit, Hand collection from rotting fruit on ground Hand collection from dead frond Hand collection from dead fronds Hand collection from dead frond Hand collection from dead leaves Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Beating YY YY YY ? Y Beating Beating Y N Hand collection YN YYY N N Hand collection N Hand collection Hand collection YN YN YN Y Y Hand collection NNNY Y Y Beating Hand collection from soil N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NN Y Y pan Yellow Hand collection NY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Eow, Eow, (Mayr, (Mayr, Stephens, 1830 species

Carpophilus dimidiatus Carpophilus dimidiatus Carpophilus dimidiatus Carpophilus dimidiatus Carpophilus Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius, 1792) Carientothrips snowi Carientothrips snowi Carientothrips snowi Carientothrips snowi Carientothrips snowi Carientothrips snowi Carientothrips snowi Carientothrips snowi Mound, Tree & Cameron, Tree Mound, 2014 Carientothrips fl avitibia Carientothrips fl Hood, 1968 Cardiocondyla nuda Cardiocondyla nuda Cardiocondyla nuda Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla nuda Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla nuda Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla nuda Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla nuda Cardiocondyla Target nuda Cardiocondyla 1866) Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae ColeopteraColeoptera Nitidulidae Nitidulidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target , Banks L.

Lactuca sp. sp. sp., species

. italica Musa sativa Lagunaria patersonia Citrus ×aurantium Brassica oleracea var Carica papaya Ipomoea cairica Baloghia inophylla Jasminum Unknown, Myoporum & Sol. ex G.Forst. Rhopalostylis baueri Rhopalostylis baueri Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Hibiscus Lantana camara Ipomoea batatas Citrus Ipomoea batatas Host Musaceae, Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae, Oleaceae ArecaceaeArecaceae UnknownArecaceae, Scrophulariaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Arecaceae 24/11/2014; 24/11/2014; 27/12/2012 30/11/2014; 22/12/2012 27/12/2012; 24/11/2014; -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.03-29.00 167.98 167.93 21/05/2014 24/09/2013 Brassicaceae Caricaceae -29.1 167.96 15/10/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.01 167.94 24/12/2013 -29.01-29.01 167.94 -29.01 167.94 167.94 24/10/2013 -29.03 167.94 12/07/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Arecaceae -29.01 167.94 11/07/2013 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.94 21/12/2012 Malvaceae -29.02-29.04 167.96 167.99 26/09/2013 23 - 24/03/2014 NA Various NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 Verbenaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.05-29.03 167.97 167.94 24/02/2014 18/02/2014 Rutaceae Convolvulaceae -29.02 167.96 26/03/2014 Hymenoptera Various Formicidae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Hymenoptera Formicidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 61 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY trap. Site 8, trap #7 Culicoides Culicoides Hand collection from fallen fruit Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NNN Y Y Hand collection Y Sweep net Hand collection ?NN ? Y Y Observation Hand collection Hand collection ??? ? ? ? Hand collection Observation Hand collection NN Y Y pan Yellow Hand collection N Y pan Yellow YNY ? Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y ? Light trap #3 YYY Y Light trap #3 Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Maskell, sp. Gray, 1828 Gray, sp. sp. Jurine, 1807 C.G. Thomson, species

Ceroplastes rubens Ceroplastes Ceroplastes rubens Ceroplastes rubens Ceroplastes 1893 Ceroplastes rubens Ceroplastes Ceroplastes destructor Ceroplastes Ceroplastes destructor Ceroplastes destructor Ceroplastes destructor Ceroplastes Ceroplastes Ceroplastes destructor Ceroplastes Newstead, 1917 destructor Ceroplastes Ceroplastes Ceroplastes Ceroplastes Ceroplastes Cerodontha australis Cerodontha Cerodontha australis Cerodontha Malloch, 1925 Ceresium fl avipes fl Ceresium Ceresium fl avipes fl Ceresium (Fabricius, 1792) Ceraphron Ceraphron Cartodere constricta Cartodere (Gyllenhal, 1827) Carpophilus maculatus 1864 Murray, 1859 Cartodere Cartodere Carpophilus dimidiatus Target Carpophilus dimidiatus Hemiptera Coccidae HemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Coccidae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Coccidae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Coccidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Hymenoptera Ceraphronidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Target orderTarget family Target L. Endl. Miers italica sp. Brassica , var. L. sp. sp. sp.

species

italica Coffea Persea americana Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Pittosporum bracteolatum Pittosporum Alyxia gynopogon Roem. & Schult. Citrus Melodinus baueri Endl. Meryta angustifolia Coffea Duranta erecta Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb Triticum Triticum Acca sellowiana Burret (O.Berg) Zea mays oleracea Lycium ferocissimum Brassica oleracea var. Rhopalostylis baueri Citrus sinensis Host Poaceae, Brassicaceae -29.05-29.01 167.93 167.93 23/05/2014 13/06/2013 Rubiaceae Lauraceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.01-29.02 167.95-29.01 167.96 23/09/2013 167.95 10/06/2013 Pittosporaceae 23/09/2013 Pittosporaceae Apocynaceae -29.02-29.01 167.96-29.01 167.95 10/06/2013 167.95 23/09/2013 Rutaceae 23/09/2013 Apocynaceae Araliaceae -29.03-29.05 167.98-29.04 167.93 14/06/2013 167.99 17/02/2014 Rubiaceae 14/06/2013 Verbenaceae Rosaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99 167.99 21/02/2014 21/02/2014 Poaceae Myrtaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Unknown Unknown 2/10/2013 NA NA Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.06 167.92 1/12/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Latridiidae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.96 27/02/2014 Coleoptera Various Nitidulidae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Nitidulidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

62 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from young citrus leaves and grass Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N N Hand collection N N Hand collection N N Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YYY Y Y Y Trapping Beating Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves NYY Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection and beating N Y Observation N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NNN Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Del species

Chaetocnema paspalae Chaetocnema paspalae Chaetocnema paspalae (Broun, 1923) Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907) Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Guercio, 1900 Ceroplastes sinensis Ceroplastes Target Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae HemipteraThysanoptera Coccidae Thripidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae HemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. sp. species

italica Ipomoea batatas Dysoxylum bijugum Brassica oleracea var. Trifolium Trifolium Citrus ×aurantium Solanum lycopersicum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Passifl ora edulis Passifl Commelina cyanea Citrus Casimiroa edulis Casimiroa Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis Punica granatum Punica granatum L. Myrsine ralstoniae Jackes (P.S.Green) Mangifera indica Malus pumila Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Citrus Citrus Lagunaria patersonia Citrus ×aurantium Host oraceae Commelinaceae 25/03/2014; 23/11/2014; 26/03/2014 -29.03 167.94 18/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.01 167.94 11/06/2013 Meliaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.02-29.05 167.93-29.00 167.93 25/05/2014 167.93 26/03/2014 Fabaceae 24/09/2013 Unknown Rutaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.05 167.92 23/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 24/12/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.95 26/09/2013 Passifl -29.05 167.93 -29.04 167.99 24/03/2014 Rutaceae, Poaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.95 11/06/2013 Vitaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Vitaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Lythraceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Lythraceae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Primulaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.123 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.03-29.01 167.94-29.02 167.93 10/10/2014 167.97 26/09/2013 Rutaceae 22/09/2013 Rutaceae Malvaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Rutaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 63 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Beating - larvae Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Beating N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Beating ? ? Bucket light trap in orchard NNN Y Light trap YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection N N Hand collection N N Hand collection NN N N Hand collection pan Yellow N N Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) W.S. W.S. Gerson, Hübner, 1821 Hübner, (Morgan, (Morgan, species

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi 1889) Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma Chrysodeixis eriosoma 1843) (Doubleday, Chrysodeixis argentifera Chrysodeixis argentifera (Guenée, 1852) Chrysodeixis Christianoconcha orestias Christianoconcha orestias (Preston, 1913) Macleay, 1825 Macleay, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell, 1901) Cheletogenes waitei 1994 aviguttatus Chlaenius fl Chaetocnema paspalae Chaetocnema paspalae Chaetocnema paspalae Chaetocnema paspalae Chaetocnema paspalae Target Cheyletidae Hemiptera Diaspididae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Trombidiformes Hemiptera Aphididae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae ColeopteraColeoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Target orderTarget family Target , , (Vahl) (Vahl) sp. species

Nestegis apetala L.A.S.Johnson Cucumis sativus Solanum tuberosum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Mangifera indica Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas Daucus carota Solanum lycopersicum Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne (Weston) ex Rozier Araucaria heterophylla Ocimum basilicum Musa Phaseolus vulgaris Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas Host Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae 20/02/2014; 12/06/2013 14/06/2013; 23/12/2012 -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Oleaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Apiaceae -29.04 167.97 9/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Stylommatophora Punctidae -29.00-29.06 167.93 167.94 24/09/2013 26/11/2014 Arecaceae NA NA Coleoptera Carabidae -29.04 167.97 26/05/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.00-29.03 167.93 167.99 26/12/2012 14/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 -29.03 167.99 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

64 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection NNN YN Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection N Y Hand collection NNN YN Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection species

Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell, 1891) Target Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae HemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae HemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Target orderTarget family Target Hemiptera Diaspididae

, ,

L. var. sp. sp. sp. cuspidata sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Rhopalostylis baueri Rhopalostylis baueri Rhopalostylis baueri Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Musa Musa Musa Nestegis apetala Meryta angustifolia Meryta angustifolia Laurus nobilis Mangifera indica Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Citrus Citrus Citrus Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Citrus ×limon Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Musa Citrus ×aurantium Host -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.01 167.94 11/06/2013 Arecaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Arecaceae -29.01-29.02 167.93 167.95 26/02/2014 24/09/2013 Oleaceae Myrtaceae -29.04-29.03 167.94-29.02 167.93-29.02 23/09/2013 167.96 26/09/2013 167.93 Musaceae 10/06/2013 Musaceae 27/09/2013 Musaceae Oleaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Araliaceae -29.03-29.00 167.96 167.93 19/02/2014 24/09/2013 Lauraceae Anacardiaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.05-29.02 167.93-29.01 167.96-29.01 27/09/2013 167.94 10/06/2013 167.93 Rutaceae 11/06/2013 Rutaceae 26/09/2013 Rutaceae Arecaceae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.92 20/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Musaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 65 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY ies in trap Hand collection and sweep net Bezzilure trap over 5000 fl Sweep net through grass and weeds in orchard Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N N Y N YN Beating YN Y LuciLure trap Y Bezzilure trap Y Bezzilure trap Bezzilure trap Bezzilure trap NY Y Y Bucket light trap in orchard YY YYY Y YY Y Sweep net and beating Y Bezzilure trap Y Light trap Y Y Bezzilure trap Y Y LuciLure trap Y Y Bezzilure trap YY Y Bezzilure trap LuciLure trap NY Y Y Hand collection Sweep net NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Chrysomya saffranea (Bigot, 1877) Chrysomya varipes (Macquart, 1851) Chrysomya varipes Chrysomya varipes Chrysomya varipes Chrysomya varipes Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya rufi facies Chrysomya rufi (Macquart, 1843) Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomya megacephala Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Chrysomphalus pinnulifer Target Diptera Calliphoridae Diptera Calliphoridae Diptera Calliphoridae HemipteraDiptera Diaspididae Calliphoridae Hemiptera Diaspididae Target orderTarget family Target sp. species

Psidium guajava Citrus ×aurantiifolia Citrus Mangifera indica Baloghia inophylla Schinus terebinthifolius Host NANA NANA NA Diptera Calliphoridae NA Diptera Calliphoridae Diptera Calliphoridae 12/06/2014; 24/08/2014; 10/10/2014 24/06/2014; 17/07/2014; 01/10/2014; 25/10/2014 12/12/2014; 29/05/2014; 12/06/2014’ 25/08/2014 -29.06-29.05 167.96-29.05 167.98-29.04 28/08/2014 167.98-29.03 10/10/2014 167.97 NA 12/12/2014 167.94 NA 25/10/2014 NA 12/12/2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA Diptera NA Diptera Diptera Calliphoridae Diptera Diptera Calliphoridae Calliphoridae Calliphoridae Calliphoridae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Myrtaceae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae -29.04-29.04 167.99 167.99 8/10/2014 8/10/2014 NA Rutaceae Unknown Diptera Calliphoridae -29.06-29.05 167.97-29.05 167.98 12/12/2014-29.05 167.98 10/10/2014 NA 167.96-29.05 NA 28/05/2014 167.97 -29.04 NA NA 167.94-29.03 NA 12/12/2014 167.98 -29.05 Diptera NA NA 167.98 Diptera 12/12/2014 Calliphoridae NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae Calliphoridae NA Diptera Calliphoridae Diptera Calliphoridae -29.04-29.04 167.99 167.98 23/05/2014 9/10/2014 Rutaceae Anacardiaceae -29.03-29.01 167.96 167.95 19/02/2014 24/09/2013 Bromeliaceae Euphorbiaceae Unknown Hemiptera Diaspididae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Anacardiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

66 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Light trap Set 6.10.14, collected 7.10.14 Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection and beating Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Light trap N Y Light trap NN Y Y Hand collection Beating N Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating YY N Y Beating pan Yellow Y? YN Y?N ? ? Y Light trap #3 Beating Light trap #2 NN Y NY Y LuciLure trap Y LuciLure trap Y Bezzilure trap pan Yellow Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Douglas, C.L. Koch, Chaudoir, Chaudoir, (Green, Latreille, 1804 Fischer von Curtis, 1825 species

Coccus viridis 1889) Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus longulus Coccus longulus Coccus longulus Coccus longulus 1887) Coccus hesperidum Coccus hesperidum Coccus hesperidum Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758 Coccinella transversalis Coccinella transversalis Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 Cleora Clubiona 1839 Clivina basalis 1843 Clubiona comta Waldheim, 1820 Waldheim, Chrysomya varipes Chrysomya varipes Cicadulina bimaculata (Evans, 1940) Clambus Target Chrysomya varipes HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Coccidae HemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae HemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Lepidoptera Geometridae Target orderTarget family Target L. L. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. L. species

repens Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus ×aurantium Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Ficus Yucca aloifolia Yucca Ficus Vitis vinifera Vitis Plumeria rubra Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var. Medicago sativa Solanum orum nodifl Daucus carota Daucus carota Host NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae 24/06/2014; 12/12/2014 17/07/2014; 25/08/2014’ 12/12/2014; 02/06/2014 -29.05-29.02 167.93-29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 167.96 25/02/2014 Rutaceae 10/06/2013 Rutaceae Rutaceae -29.05-29.04 167.96 167.99 27/09/2013 14/06/2013 Rutaceae Rutaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.95 25/02/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.93 19/05/2014 Moraceae -29.05-29.05 167.98 167.93 24/02/2014 19/05/2014 Asparagaceae Moraceae -29.03 167.95 11/06/2013 Vitaceae -29.03 167.95 11/06/2013 Apocynaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.03-29.12 167.99 167.96 22 - 23/03/2014 Various 15/10/2014 Solanaceae Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.03-29.03 167.97 167.98 7/10/2014 22/05/2014 NA Apiaceae NA Araneae Clubionidae -29.03-29.05 167.92-29.01 167.95 21/05/2014 167.94 20/02/2014 Apiaceae 24/09/2013 NA Arecaceae Unknown NA Araneae Coleoptera Clubionidae Carabidae -29.01-29.06 167.92-29.00 167.97 12/12/2014-29.03 167.93 NA 167.96 23/12/2012 20/02/2014 Hemiptera Various NA NA Cicadellidae NA Diptera Calliphoridae Coleoptera Clambidae -29.03 167.98 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 67 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from hydroponics Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NNN Y N pan Yellow N Light trap Light trap NNN Y YN Hand collection YN Hand collection YN Hand collection YN Beating NY Y Sweep net Y Beating Hand collection YYY YY YY Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Hand collection YN Hand collection YN Hand collection Y pan in orchard Yellow Y Hand collection Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection species

Colaspoides norfolcensis Lea, 1915 Colaspoides norfolcensis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coccus viridis Coelophora inaequalis (Fabricius, 1775) Coelophora inaequalis Coelophora inaequalis Target Coccus viridis ColeopteraColeoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coccinellidae ColeopteraColeoptera Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Coccidae ColeopteraColeoptera Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Target orderTarget Hemiptera family Target Coccidae L. (Haw.) (Haw.) (L.) sp. L. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Gomphocarpus physocarpus Gomphocarpus physocarpus Lagunaria patersonia Nicandra physalodes Gaertn. Verbena Zea mays Coffea Coffea Coffea Meryta latifolia Plumeria rubra Psidium guajava Solanum melongena edulis Casimiroa Carpobrotus glaucescens Schwantes baueri Coprosma Digitaria Citrus Coffea arabica Host -29.05-29.03 167.95 167.95 12/10/2014 7/10/2014 NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae -29.00 167.93 27/02/2014 Coleoptera Various Coccinellidae -29.12-29.12 167.95-29.12 167.95 14/10/2014-29.03 167.96 15/10/2014 Apocynaceae -29.06 167.99 15/10/2014-29.12 Apocynaceae 167.97 20/02/2014-29.03 Malvaceae 167.95 25/05/2014 Solanaceae 167.99 14/10/2014 Unknown 25/09/2013 Verbenaceae Poaceae Unknown Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.05-29.03 167.93-29.01 167.98-29.03 23/05/2014 167.93-29.03 14/06/2013 167.95-29.04 Rubiaceae 13/06/2013 167.95-29.02 Rubiaceae 25/09/2013 167.99-29.04 Rubiaceae 11/06/2013 167.96 Araliaceae -29.02 14/06/2013 167.99 Apocynaceae 10/06/2013-29.12 167.96 Myrtaceae 14/06/2013-29.12 Solanaceae 167.95 26/03/2014-29.12 Rutaceae 167.95 14/10/2014 Various 167.95 14/10/2014 Aizoaceae 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae Poaceae Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.03 167.98 20/02/2014 Rubiaceae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

68 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Hand collection from felled tree #2 Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Collection method ? Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Hand collection ? ? Hand collection ? ? pan Yellow ? ? Sweep net Y Y Ethanol wash N N Hand collection YN N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y ? Beating NN Y N Beating NN ? ? Beating NN N N Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Walker, (Walker, Thunberg, Thunberg, Hübner, 1822 Hübner, Pickard- sp. sp. sp. Eschscholtz, Kirkaldy, 1900 Kirkaldy, species

Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus 1829 Conocephalus 1815 Colomerus vitis 1857) (Pagenstecher, Colobopyga palmicola 1990 Watson, & Williams Coleosoma Cambridge, 1882 Colgar Colobopyga kewensis Colobopyga kewensis Colobopyga kewensis Colobopyga kewensis (Newstead, 1901) Colobopyga australiensis Deitz, 1979 Colgar peracutum Colgar peracutum Colgar peracutum Colgar peracutum 1858) Colaspoides norfolcensis oridanum Coleosoma fl Banks, 1900 Colaspoides norfolcensis Coleophora Colaspoides norfolcensis Colaspoides norfolcensis Target Coleoptera Elateridae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Hemiptera Halimococcidae Hemiptera Flatidae Hemiptera Halimococcidae Hemiptera Halimococcidae Hemiptera Halimococcidae Hemiptera Halimococcidae Hemiptera Halimococcidae Hemiptera Flatidae Hemiptera Flatidae Hemiptera Flatidae Hemiptera Flatidae Araneae Theridiidae ColeopteraColeoptera Chrysomelidae Coccinellidae Target orderTarget family Target

, , , . sp. sp species

Citrus ×aurantium Vitis vinifera Vitis Rosmarinus cinalis offi Howea Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Howea Howea forsteriana Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Carica papaya Solanum melongena Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Solanum lycopersicum Araucaria heterophylla Ipomoea cairica Host -29.03 167.95 25/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Elateridae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 24/10/2013 Coleoptera Various Elateridae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Coleoptera Elateridae -29.05 167.92 24/05/2014 Poaceae Unknown Orthoptera Tettigoniidae -29.04 167.98 27/11/2014 Vitaceae -29.03 167.95 12/06/2013 Lamiaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.03 167.95 11/06/2013 Arecaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Arecaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Araneae Theridiidae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.05-29.12 167.92 167.96 3/12/2014 15/10/2014 Araucariaceae Convolvulaceae -29.02 167.94 2/12/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Chrysomelidae -29.05 167.92 1/12/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Chrysomelidae -29.01 167.94 24/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 69 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Collection method Light trap garden, light trap #4 Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Light trap Set 22.5.2014, collected 23.5.2014 Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Beating Y ? Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ??? ??? ? ? Light trap Light trap Light trap in eucalypt forest ? ? LuciLure trap ??? ??? ?? ? Light trap #2 ?? Light trap #3 ? Light trap Light trap Y ? Sweep net and beating ? ? Light trap Y ? Beating ? ? Light trap Y ? Sweep net and beating ? ? LuciLure trap N Y Hand collection ? ? LuciLure trap NNN Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Observation ? ? LuciLure trap ? ? Bucket light trap (Müller, (Müller, . Duda, 1923 sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Marsham, 1802 species

Conoderus Copromyza Corticaria Target Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus Copromyza Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus Conoderus Corticaria Copromyza Copromyza Corticaria Copromyza Copromyza Corticaria Copromyza Copromyza Cornu aspersum Copromyza Copromyza Cornu aspersum Cornu aspersum Cornu aspersum 1774) Copromyza Copromyza Coleoptera Elateridae Coleoptera Latridiidae Target orderTarget family Target Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Stylommatophora Helicidae Stylommatophora Helicidae species

Phaseolus vulgaris Ricinus communis Host Phormium tenax J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Ocimum basilicum Mangifera indica Apium graveolens Carica papaya NA NA Coleoptera Elateridae 3/12/2014; 27/02/2014 -29.06 167.96 24/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Elateridae -29.01-29.01 167.94-29.03 167.93 24/02/2014 167.96 NA 23/02/2014 NA NA NA-29.05 Coleoptera 167.95 Coleoptera Elateridae 12/10/2014 NA Elateridae NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014-29.03 NA 167.97-29.03 27/11/2014 167.92 NA NA 22/05/2014 Fabaceae Coleoptera NA Elateridae Coleoptera Elateridae -29.03-29.03 167.96-29.05 167.96 20/02/2014 167.92-29.01 25/05/2014 NA 1/12/2014 167.95 NA NA 23/05/2014 NA NA NA NA Coleoptera NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Elateridae Elateridae Coleoptera Elateridae Elateridae -29.03 167.99 23/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.05 167.92 19/05/2014 NA NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Agavaceae -29.05 167.96 28/05/2014 NA NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae Latitude Longitude Date Host family -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Lamiaceae -29.03 167.98 29/05/2014 NA NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.02 167.97 24/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.04-29.03 167.94-29.03 167.95 23/09/2013 167.93 21/09/2013 NA 26/09/2013 NA Apiaceae NA NA Stylommatophora Stylommatophora Helicidae Helicidae -29.00 167.93 21/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Caricaceae

70 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection larvae in fruit Hand collection Larvae found in nut between green husk and shell; adult reared from nut Hand collection from badly damaged plants Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Beating NY N Y Reared in lab NNN YN Y Y Light trap Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Light trap Light trap NY YY ? N Hand collection Culicoides trap Y? Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Beating of leaves Y ? Hand collection Y ? Beating Y ? Beating YY ? ? Beating Sweep net in cattle pasture Y ? pan Yellow Y ? Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Reitter, 1881 Reitter, sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Coscinoptycha improbana Meyrick, 1881 Corticarina Corynoptera fatigans (Johannsen, 1912) Corticarina Corticarina Corticarina Corticarina Corticarina Corticarina Corticaria Corticaria Corticaria Corticaria Corticaria Target Coleoptera Silvanidae Coleoptera Silvanidae Coleoptera Silvanidae Lepidoptera Carposinidae Lepidoptera Carposinidae Lepidoptera Carposinidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Coleoptera Latridiidae Target orderTarget family Target species

italica Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus ×aurantium Carica papaya Citrus reticulata Psidium guajava Macadamia integrifolia Solanum lycopersicum Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris Persea americana Carica papaya Brassica oleracea var. Annona reticulata Annona reticulata L. Vitis vinifera Vitis Solanum mauritianum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Host NA NA Lepidoptera Carposinidae Proteaceae 21/05/2014; 27/02/2014 23/05/2014; 14/06/2013 -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.96 9/10/2014 Caricaceae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.01-29.03 167.93 -29.03 167.96-29.05 167.97 25/05/2014 167.94 22/05/2014 NA 26/02/2014 NA Myrtaceae NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Carposinidae Carposinidae -29.01 167.95 23/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Carposinidae -29.02 167.97-29.04 24/02/2014 167.99 NA NA Diptera Sciaridae -29.03 167.93 28/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.06 167.94 22/09/2013 Lauraceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Caricaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Annonaceae -29.01-29.05 167.92 167.96 21/05/2014 9/10/2014 Poaceae Vitaceae Unknown Coleoptera Latridiidae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 71 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from under bark of billets Culicoides trap, Set 7.10.14, pinned, collected 11.10.14, damaged specimen (scales missing) Hand collection (larvae, water trough) Hand collection from felled tree Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Hand collection from under timber Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN ? ? Dipping ?NN ? N N Hand collection Light trap Hand collection from timber YNN YN NNN N Hand collection (larvae) N CO2 light trap Hand collection (larvae) Dipping in water ?? NY NN NN Y Y Hand collection from fruit Sweep net NNN YN YN Y Beating N Y Beating N Y Hand collection Y Light trap #1 Y Light trap #3 Hand collection from timber pan Yellow Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) NY

(Erichson, sp. pervigilans pervigilans pervigilans pervigilans species Linnaeus, 1758 sp. cf. cf. cf. cf.

Culex Cryptolestes norfolcensis Culex Cryptolaemus? Cryptolestes norfolcensis (Lea, 1929) Cryptolestes norfolcensis 1842) Culex Culex Culex Culex Culex australicus Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptocharopa exagitans Cryptocharopa (Cox, 1870) Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Target Cryptamorpha desjardinsi Coleoptera Laemophloeidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Silvanidae Coleoptera Silvanidae ColeopteraColeopteraColeoptera Silvanidae Silvanidae Silvanidae Coleoptera Silvanidae Target orderTarget family Target Coleoptera Silvanidae sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Araucaria heterophylla Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Araucaria heterophylla Musa Musa Nephrolepis Persea americana Eucalyptus Lactuca sativa Host -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 NA NA Diptera Culicidae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae -29.03-29.03 167.97-29.02 167.96 27/11/2014 167.93 25/09/2013 NA 25/02/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Laemophloeidae Laemophloeidae -29.03-29.00 167.96-29.05 167.93-29.02 23/02/2014 167.97 24/09/2013 167.92 NA 21/02/2014 NA 27/09/2013 NA NA NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae -29.02 167.93 12/10/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae -29.01-29.03 167.94 167.93 24/09/2013 26/09/2013 Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Unknown Stylommatophora Charopidae -29.05-29.05 167.92 167.93 24/05/2014 24/09/2013 Poaceae Araucariaceae Unknown Coleoptera Silvanidae -29.04-29.04 167.96-29.03 167.94-29.03 9/10/2014 167.96-29.03 23/09/2013 167.96-29.01 Musaceae 19/02/2014 167.96-29.00 Musaceae 20/02/2014 167.95 NA 25/09/2013 167.93 NA 25/12/2012 NA 12/06/2013 Lomariopsidaceae NA Lauraceae NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Coleoptera Silvanidae Silvanidae Silvanidae -29.01 167.93 26/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Asteraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

72 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY sh Collection method Dipping Tyre track in Tyre Dipping driveway adjacent shade house holding water Tarpaulin Hand collection, larvae holding water, Dipping in brackish water ground pool Dipping, Bin for striking plants Dipping, Surveillance, water tank with hole in side in driveway Track Dipping, adjacent shade house holding water Hand collection, drum, larvae Dipping, Ground pool in cow hoof print Dipping, Plant holding platform with pooling larvae water,- CO2 light trap, soda stream cylinder Dipping, surveillance, fi pond Dipping, surveillance, metal tank Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) NN NNN N NNN N N Dipping, ground pool NN Dipping, pooled water YN YN Y CO2 light trap N Y CO2 light trap NY Y CO2 light trap NY Y CO2 light trap CO2 light trap NY Dipping, 44 gallon drum NY NY NY NNN YNY YNY Y Dipping, rock pool NY Dipping Hand collection, rock pool Bergroth, Bergroth, species

Target Culex pervigilans 1889 Culex pervigilans Culex pervigilans Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex pervigilans Culex pervigilans Culex quinquefasciatus 1823 Say, Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Target orderTarget family Target species

Host -29.02 167.93 26/05/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae -29.02 167.96-29.02 26/05/2014 167.97-29.03 NA-29.03 21/02/2014 167.94-29.03 167.96 NA-29.02 19/02/2014 167.96-29.04 NA 23/02/2014 167.95-29.05 NA 25/02/2014 167.94 NA 24/02/2014 NA 167.97 NA 24/02/2014 Diptera NA 21/02/2014 NA NA NA Diptera NA NA Culicidae NA Diptera NA Culicidae Diptera NA Diptera-29.03 Diptera-29.04 Culicidae 167.96 Diptera Culicidae -29.03 167.94 Culicidae Diptera 22/02/2014 167.96 Culicidae 23/09/2013 Culicidae NA 22/02/2014 Culicidae NA NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae -29.06 167.96-29.02 24/02/2014 167.96-29.05 NA 26/09/2013 167.97 NA 22/02/2014 NA NA NA-29.00 Diptera NA-29.02 167.93 Diptera-29.05 167.93 20/02/2014 Culicidae -29.03 167.97 26/05/2014 Diptera NA-29.04 Culicidae 167.97 13/06/2013 NA-29.04 167.98 20/02/2014 Culicidae NA NA 167.94 9/10/2014 NA NA 24/02/2014 NA-29.05 NA NA Diptera-29.00 NA 167.94 Diptera 167.93 NA 19/02/2014 Culicidae Diptera NA 20/02/2014 NA Diptera Culicidae NA Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae NA NA Culicidae Culicidae Diptera Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 73 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY g Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection, late instar caterpillar CO2 light trap, surveillance, public land – CO2 light trap Dipping, Surveillance, public land, used tyres in fence Dipping, Surveillance, receptacles in boat Dipping, Surveillance, water troughs Tarpaulin Hand collection, holding water kentia Tyre, Hand collection, larvae and palm nursery, pupae tank and Water Dipping, tyres Dipping, Wheelbarrow with tarpaulin, larvae Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYY? ? ? Sweep net eucalypt litter Trapping, NN Y N Unknown Light trap NN YY Y ? Beating Light trap Y Y Beating, eucalypt forest N?? Y ? Dipping, hollow in fi ? Beating Hand collection NY NY NY NY NY NNY NY YN Dipping, used tyres Y CO2 light trap, windy night NY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Holloway, Holloway, sp. sp. (Malloch, Kertész, 1916 Dallas, 1851 Menge, 1866 species

1982 Dasyanthribus Dasyanthribus Dasyanthribus Delia urbana 1924) norfolkiana Dematochroma & Mille, Verma Jolivet, 2006 Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758) Czenspinskia transversostriata Damaromyia Czenspinskia transversostriata (Oudemans, 1931) Cuspicona Cyclosa Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Culex quinquefasciatus Target Culex quinquefasciatus Coleoptera Anthribidae Coleoptera Anthribidae Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Sarcoptiformes Sarcoptiformes Hemiptera Pentatomidae Araneae Araneidae Diptera Culicidae Target orderTarget family Target Mill. sp. sp. species

Eucalyptus Digitaria Gomphocarpus physocarpus Psidium guajava Eruca sativa Solanum mauritianum Solanum melongena Ficus carica Host -29.02-29.01 167.92 167.94 25/05/2014 24/09/2013 Myrtaceae Arecaceae Unknown Coleoptera Anthribidae -29.04 167.96 2/06/2014 Unknown Unknown Diptera Anthomyiidae -29.03 167.96 25/05/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Chrysomelidae -29.03 167.93 10/10/2014 Poaceae -29.01-29.12 167.94 167.95 24/02/2014 15/10/2014 NA Apocynaceae NA Diptera Stratiomyidae -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03-29.01 167.94 167.93 10/10/2014 21/05/2014 Brassicaceae Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.96-29.05 23/02/2014 167.93 NA 24/02/2014 Moraceae NA Diptera Culicidae -29.04-29.00 167.94-29.04 167.93 19/02/2014-29.02 167.98 20/02/2014 NA-29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA-29.03 167.95 26/05/2014 NA 167.95 NA 11/06/2013 NA-29.06-29.03 NA 19/02/2014 NA 167.94 NA 167.94 NA Diptera 11/10/2014 NA 24/02/2014 Diptera NA NA Diptera Culicidae NA NA Diptera Culicidae Diptera NA Culicidae NA Diptera Culicidae Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Diptera Culicidae Culicidae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Culicidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

74 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers Culicoides trap Set 21.5.2014, collected 24.5.2014 Hand collection from terminal leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Trapping YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection YYY Y Y Y Beating Beating Hand collection YY Y Y Beating Hand collection YY Y Y Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y ? Beating Uzel, 1895 species

Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Mound, 1999 Target Dendrothrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target viscosa sp. Endl. (G.Forst.) . sp. sp sp. species

Nestegis apetala Nestegis apetala Nestegis apetala Nestegis apetala Nestegis apetala Nestegis apetala Myoporum obscurum Myoporum obscurum Myoporum obscurum Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. Muehlenbeckia australis Meisn. Coprosma baueri Coprosma Coffea Commelina cyanea Citrus Citrus Coffea arabica Baloghia inophylla, Jasminum Carica papaya Baloghia inophylla Araucaria heterophylla Annona reticulata Host Scrophulariaceae Euphorbiaceae, Oleaceae 26/03/2014; 22/03/2014 -29.01 167.94 24/12/2012 Oleaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Oleaceae -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Oleaceae -29.01 167.94 11/07/2013 Oleaceae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Oleaceae -29.02-29.03 167.97 167.94 24/05/2014 23/05/2014 NA Oleaceae NA Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.04 167.96 24/11/2014 Scrophulariaceae -29.01-29.01 167.94 167.94 22/03/2014 Scrophulariaceae -29.02-29.01 167.94 167.94 26/03/2014 22/03/2014 Sapindaceae Polygonaceae -29.02 167.94 27/03/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03-29.05 167.99 167.93 21/12/2013 25/03/2014 Rubiaceae Commelinaceae -29.04-29.03 167.99-29.01 167.94 22/05/2014 167.93 10/10/2014 Rutaceae 16/10/2014 Rutaceae Rubiaceae -29.01-29.03 167.94 167.92 24/12/2013 21/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.01 167.94 21/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Annonaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 75 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection, dead branches Hand collection, dead branches Hand collection, dead branches Hand collection, dead branches Hand collection from dead twigs on ground Hand collection, berlesate from litter Hand collection, dead branches Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from corn tassels and leaves Hand collection from dead sugar cane leaves Hand collection, from dead branch Hand collection from young leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y? Y? Y? Y? Y? Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection from lichens Y? Y? Y? Y? Y ? Hand collection, litter Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection YY YY YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection species

Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips Deplorothrips norfuki Deplorothrips 2016 Tree, Mound & Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Target Dendrothrips diaspora Dendrothrips Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target Thysanoptera Thripidae

var. . sp var. sp. cuspidata species

Araucaria heterophylla Toona ciliata Toona M.Roem. Lantana camara Elaeodendron Elaeodendron curtipendulum Citrus Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus ×jambhiri Citrus ×jambhiri Lush. Araucaria heterophylla Alyxia gynopogon Zea mays Streblus pendulinus Streblus (Endl.) F.Muell. Saccharum cinarum offi Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Prunus persica persica Pittosporum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Passifl ora edulis Passifl Host oraceae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Rutaceae Rutaceae Moraceae 30/11/2014; 30/11/2014; 23/12/2012 24/03/2014; 30/11/2014 22/12/2013; 25/10/2013 25/11/2014; 25/11/2014; 24/10/2013 -29.01-29.01 167.95-29.01 167.94 22/11/2014-29.02 167.94 Unknown 167.95 22/12/2012 20/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Araucariaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae 29.02 167.96 25/12/2012 Meliaceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Verbenaceae -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 Celastraceae -29.01-29.01 167.94 167.94 21/10/2013 Asparagaceae -29.02 167.94 -29.01 167.94 25/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.94 25/10/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 22/10/2013 Apocynaceae -29.01-29.03 167.95 167.99 26/10/2013 24/11/2014 Unknown Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.01 167.94 -29.02 167.96 9/07/2013 Poaceae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.02 167.95 25/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.02 167.96 23/10/2013 Pittosporaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Apiaceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Oleaceae -29.03 167.95 26/09/2013 Passifl Latitude Longitude Date Host family

76 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owering plants owering Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection from timber billets Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Beating YY ? ? Beating Hand collection Y ? Beating YY ? ? Sweep net and beating Sweep net Y ? Hand collection N? Y Hand collection from timber YNN Y Hand collection NN Y ? Beating fl NNN YN Y Hand collection Y Y Light trap #3 Light trap Light trap Y ? pan Yellow N?N? YN? Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Y? Y ? Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y ? pan Yellow (Lea, Reise, (Kerner, (Kerner, . sp. Kirschbaum, sp. Wesmael, 1845 Wesmael, sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Mulsant, 1850 species

Diomus Diomus Diomus Diomus Diomus Diomus Diomus Diadromus Diadromus Deroceras invadens Deroceras Diadromus Diaspis bromeliae Diaspis bromeliae 1778) Dictyonemobius lateralis Chopard, 1951 Diadromus Diadromus 1929) Dictyotus caenosus 1837) (Westwood, Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) Digitonthophagus gazella Digitonthophagus gazella Dioedus araucariae Deroceras invadens Deroceras invadens Deroceras Hutchinson, Schunack & Schlitt, 2011 Deroceras invadens Deroceras Deraeocoris Target Deraeocoris 1856 Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae StylommatophoraHymenoptera Agrolimacidae Ichneumonidae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Stylommatophora Agrolimacidae Hemiptera Miridae Target orderTarget family Target Hemiptera Miridae

sp. sp. sp. viscosa species

Phormium tenax Medicago sativa Dodonaea viscosa subsp. Ipomoea cairica Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Phaseolus Baloghia inophylla Ocimum basilicum Araucaria heterophylla Ananas comosus Cucumis sativus Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Dysoxylum bijugum Host Bromeliaceae 12/06/2013; 26/09/2013 -29.02-29.00 167.97 167.94 4/04/2014 24/02/2014 NA Hemerocallidaceae NA Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.05 167.93 12/07/2013 Fabaceae -29.02-29.05 167.97 167.92 22/09/2013 23/05/2014 Sapindaceae Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Orthoptera Trigonidiidae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014-29.05 Various 167.97 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 Hymenoptera 23/09/2013 Ichneumonidae Euphorbiaceae -29.03-29.03 167.96-29.05 167.97-29.03 20/02/2014 167.95 28/11/2014 167.97 NA 20/02/2014 NA 18/02/2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Tenebrionidae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Lamiaceae -29.02-29.02 167.97-29.06 167.97 22/09/2013 167.94 22/09/2013 NA 22/09/2013 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Stylommatophora Stylommatophora Agrolimacidae Agrolimacidae -29.03 167.93 -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae -29.01 167.94 11/06/2013 Meliaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 77 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables Sweep net of dead seed heads Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan under plant Yellow Y Y pan near bananas Yellow Y Y Hand collection YYY YY YY Beating Y pan in orchard Yellow YY N Y Hand collection NNN YNY Y Y Light trap NY Light trap in eucalypt forest Light trap #1 NY Y ?YY Beating YY ? Y Beating Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Hardy, Hardy, . sp. sp sp. species

Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis 1988 Diotimana undulata Dioxyna brachybasis Diotimana undulata Diotimana undulata Diotimana undulata Diotimana undulata (Pascoe, 1859) Diotimana undulata Diotimana undulata Diomus Diomus notescens Diomus Diomus notescens (Blackburn, 1889) Diomus Target Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. L. sp. species

capitata Cenchrus clandestinus Brassica oleracea var. Araucaria heterophylla Apium graveolens Allium cepa Araucaria heterophylla Triticum Triticum Rumex brownii Solanum melongena Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Host Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae Various DipteraVarious Tephritidae NA NA Coleoptera Cerambycidae 23 - 24/03/2014; 27/02/2014 1/12/2014; 19/05/2014; 26/05/2014; 19/05/2014 -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.00 167.93-29.04 24/10/2013 167.93 Diptera Various 18/02/2014 Tephritidae Alliaceae -29.02 167.96-29.00-29.02 25/12/2012 167.93 167.96 Cucurbitaceae 26/03/2014 Various Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Diptera Various Tephritidae -29.01-29.03 167.93-29.05 167.96 27/02/2014 167.93 19/02/2014 NA 26/11/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Coleoptera Cerambycidae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae -29.06 167.94 26/11/2014-29.05 NA 167.92 -29.02-29.05 167.94 NA 167.93 2/12/2014 14/06/2013 NA Coleoptera Araucariaceae Cerambycidae NA Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Unknown Unknown Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.03-29.02 167.99 167.97 21/02/2014 22/12/2012 Poaceae Polygonaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Myrtaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

78 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owering plants owering Hand collection Sweep net through grass and weeds in orchard pan among various Yellow young vegetables Light trap Set 25.5.2014 collected 26.5.2014 Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y pan under plant Yellow Y Y pan near banana Yellow Y Y Sweep net YYY YYY Beating Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Sweep net Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Beating fl YYY Y pan Yellow Y Y pan Yellow YY Y Y Hand collection pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Hardy & species

Dioxyna sororcula Dioxyna sororcula Dioxyna sororcula 1830) (Wiedemann, Dioxyna hyalina 1996 Drew, Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Dioxyna brachybasis Target Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae DipteraDiptera Tephritidae Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae DipteraDiptera Tephritidae Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Target orderTarget family Target , sp. L. Lactuca sp. sp. sp. sp., species

Bidens pilosa Araucaria heterophylla Apium graveolens Triticum Triticum Rheum rhababarum Rheum rhababarum L., Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Plantago lanceolata Phaseolus vulgaris Ocimum basilicum Musa Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Ocimum basilicum Musa Musa sativa Lantana camara Lagunaria patersonia Ipomoea batatas Gomphocarpus physocarpus Glycine max Daucus carota Cucurbita maxima Host Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae Polygonaceae, Asteraceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.04-29.04 167.99-29.03 167.96 8/10/2014 167.99 27/02/2014 Various 20/02/2014 Diptera Various Unknown Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.06 167.94 22/09/2013 Plantaginaceae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.94 26/05/2014 NA NA Diptera Tephritidae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Lamiaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.93 24/12/2012 26/12/2012 Musaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Verbenaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.12 167.95 15/10/2014 Apocynaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 79 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owering plants owering Hand collection from felled tree Hand collection from felled tree Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection from sawn timber Hand collection under bark of billets Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N N Beating NN NN N N Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y N Sweep net Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection N N Hand collection ?NNN ? N Light trap #3 Hand collection ? ? Beating dead leaves YY YN Y pan Yellow Y pan Yellow Light trap Y Y Beating fl ?? ? ? Light trap YY Y Y pan Yellow pan Yellow ?? ?? Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) sp. sp. sp. Germar, 1824 Germar, sp. nov? Ferris, 1905 Paykul, 1798 sp. Börner, 1931 Börner, species

Dysmicoccus insulae Dysmicoccus insulae Dysmicoccus insulae Dysmicoccus insulae 1988 Watson, & Williams Dysmicoccus brevipes Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) Dysmicoccus Dysmicoccus sp.nov. Dysaphis Duritropis albocarinata Duritropis Duritropis albocarinata Duritropis (Mousson, 1873) albocarinata Duritropis Dryophthorus Dryophthorus Dioxyna sororcula Dioxyna sororcula Distoleon bistrigatus 1842) (Rambur, Dorcatoma Dioxyna sororcula Dioxyna sororcula Dryophthorus Dorcatoma Dorcatoma Dioxyna sororcula Dryophthorus Dioxyna sororcula Target Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hypsogastropoda Assimineidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Diptera Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Diptera Tephritidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Diptera Tephritidae Target orderTarget family Target , sp. Lactuca ? sp. sp., species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Ananas comosus Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Daucus carota Araucaria heterophylla Ocimum basilicum Musa Freycinetia Freycinetia banksia Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Ocimum basilicum Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Musa sativa Host Araucariaceae Bromeliaceae Various DipteraVarious Tephritidae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae 24/09/2013; 27/09/2013 12/06/2013; 26/09/2013 18/07/2013 Araucariaceae 23 - 24/03/2014; 24/10/2013 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.93 -29.04 167.94 9/06/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.93 -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.95 25/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Apiaceae -29.05-29.01 167.93 167.94 24/09/2013 24/09/2013 Unknown Arecaceae Unknown Unknown Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda Assimineidae Assimineidae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.00-29.05 167.93 -29.01 167.95 167.92 20/02/2014 16/10/2014 NA NA NA NA Neuroptera Coleoptera Myrmeleontidae Ptinidae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.01 167.94 24/12/2012 Pandanaceae -29.02 167.94 2/12/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Ptinidae -29.01-29.00 167.95 167.93 25/12/2012 24/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae Lamiaceae -29.03 167.97 21/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

80 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection from felled tree #1 Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N N Hand collection N N Hand collection N N Beating N N Hand collection N N Hand collection ?? N N Beating Sweep net Y ? Unknown ?NN ?N YN Y Sweep net in eucalypt forest N Y Light trap N Y Light trap N Y Light trap N Y Light trap N Y Light trap Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Y Bucket light trap in orchard Light trap Light trap Y N Hand collection Y ? pan under plant Yellow YNY Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection NN N N Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Hebard, Olliff, Olliff, Macquart, Wolff, 1811 Wolff, Gray, 1832 Gray, sp. C.G. Thomson, Pickard-Cambridge, species

Enicodes fi chteli Enicodes fi Enicodes fi chteli Enicodes fi Enicodes fi chteli Enicodes fi Enicodes fi chteli Enicodes fi Enicodes fi chteli Enicodes fi (Schreibers, 1802) Enicodes Enicodes 1859 Empicoris Endotricha mesenterialis 1859) (Walker, Endotricha mesenterialis Endotricha mesenterialis Endotricha mesenterialis Endotricha mesenterialis Endotricha mesenterialis Endotricha mesenterialis Endotricha mesenterialis Endotricha mesenterialis Enicmus Elaver 1898 Elaphropeza Elaphropeza 1827 Ectoneura insularis Ectopsocus insularis 1943 Ectoneura insularis Dysthaeta naevia 1888 Dysmicoccus insulae Target Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Hemiptera Reduviidae Araneae Clubionidae Diptera Hybotidae Blattodea Ectobiidae Blattodea Ectobiidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Target orderTarget family Target

, , L. species

Meryta latifolia Meryta angustifolia Malus pumila Carica papaya Araucaria heterophylla Ricinus communis Paspalum Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Araucaria heterophylla Hibiscus insularis Endl. Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host Araucariaceae 24/09/2013; 14/06/2014 -29.03 167.94 11/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.03 167.94 11/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2012 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Caricaceae -29.05-29.05 167.92 167.93 24/05/2014 Poaceae Unknown Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.03 167.99 23/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.03-29.03 167.94-29.03 167.96-29.01 26/05/2014 167.96-29.01 19/02/2014 167.94-29.01 NA 23/02/2014 167.94-29.00 NA 23/05/2014 167.93-29.03 NA 24/02/2014 167.93-29.05 NA 27/02/2014 167.97 NAUnknown NA 22/02/2014 167.95 NA Unknown NA 22/05/2014 NA NA 23/10/2013 20/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera NA Unknown NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera Pyralidae NA Lepidoptera Unknown Pyralidae NA Lepidoptera Pyralidae NA Lepidoptera Pyralidae Coleoptera Lepidoptera Pyralidae Lepidoptera Pyralidae Lepidoptera Latridiidae Pyralidae Pyralidae Pyralidae -29.01 167.93 20/05/2014 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Psocodea Ectopsocidae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 26/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.05 167.93 2/12/2014 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.96 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 81 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan in bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan among plants Yellow Y Y Beating Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Beating Y Y Beating YY Y Y LuciLure trap Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY YYY Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves NNN NY NY N Hand collection Y Hand collection from timber Hand collection ? Light trap Light trap #1 Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y ? Light trap #3 (Kirby, (Kirby, C.G. Thomson, sp. species

Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Ensiferothrips primus Ensiferothrips Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius, 1775) Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Ensiferothrips primus Ensiferothrips Bianchi, 1945 Enicodes fi chteli Enicodes fi chteli Enicodes fi Enicospilus insularis 1881) Enochrus 1859 Enochrus Target chteli Enicodes fi Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. species

Solanum orum nodifl Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Nicandra physalodes Cucurbita pepo Cordyline Cordyline Capsicum annuum Muehlenbeckia australis Streblus pendulinus Streblus Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Solanaceae Various ColeopteraVarious Coccinellidae Various ColeopteraVarious Coccinellidae Moraceae 25/09/2013; 14/06/2013 23 - 24/03/2014; 27/02/2014 22 - 23/03/2014; 23/10/2013 24/10/2013; 22/03/2014; 24/12/2013; 25/11/2014 -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.98 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.02 167.97 24/06/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.06 167.96 24/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.00-29.03 167.93 167.94 19/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.03-29.03 167.93 167.99 19/02/2014 Solanaceae Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.01 167.94 22/03/2014 Polygonaceae -29.03-29.12 167.97-29.04 167.95-29.03 18/02/2014 167.94-29.03 15/10/2014 167.96 NA 28/02/2014 167.96 Coleoptera Various 19/02/2014 NA 20/02/2014 NA Cerambycidae NA NA NA NA Coleoptera NA Hymenoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Ichneumonidae Coleoptera Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae -29.01 167.56 Unknown NA NA Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.01 167.94 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

82 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY observed Drosophila Hand collection from sawn timber Light trap Set 25.5.2014, collected 26.5.2014 Hand collection from fallen fruit Hand collection from rotting fruit, Yellow pan smong old corn Yellow and young broccoli pan among various Yellow vegetables Hand collection from rotten fruit under tree Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY Y N Ethanol wash Y Y Sweep net YYY Y Y Y Sweep net Hand collection Unknown Y Y Beating ??? ? Hand collection ??N ?N ? N Light trap in eucalypt fores N Light trap #3 Light trap Light trap ?? ?? Y?? Y?? pan Yellow YY ?? YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Walker, Walker, (Linnaeus,

sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Erichson, 1843 sp. sp. species

Euborellia annulipes Euborellia (Lucas, 1847) Eryngiopus nelsonensis 1971 Wood, Eristalis tenax Eristalis tenax 1758) Eristalis tenax Eristalis tenax Eriophora pustulosa 1842) (Walckenaer, Epuraea Epuraea Epuraea Epuraea Epyaxa sodaliata Epyaxa sodaliata 1862 Epuraea Epuraea Epuraea Epuraea Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epuraea Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Target Dermaptera Anisolabididae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Diptera Syrphidae Diptera Syrphidae Araneae Araneidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae ColeopteraColeoptera Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. italica var. sp. species

Araucaria heterophylla Prunus persica nucipersica Cenchrus purpureus Macadamia integrifolia Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus ×limon Citrus reticulata Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Triticum Triticum Zea mays, Brassica oleracea Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Host NA NA Coleoptera Nitidulidae Rutaceae Poaceae, Brassicaceae 3/12/2014; 02/12/2014 26/09/2013; 13/06/2013 -29.03 167.97 22/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.03-29.05 167.95-29.03 167.94 22/09/2013 167.98 15/12/2014 NA 21/05/2014 Unknown Poaceae Unknown NA Diptera Diptera Syrphidae Syrphidae -29.03 167.94 10/10/2014 Proteaceae -29.03 167.94 26/05/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Nitidulidae -29.01 167.93 -29.03-29.03 167.96-29.05 167.96-29.04 20/02/2014 167.92 19/02/2014 167.95 NA 19/05/2014 NA 8/10/2014 NA Asparagaceae NA NA NA Coleoptera Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Nitidulidae Geometridae Geometridae -29.01 167.94 23/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Coleoptera Nitidulidae -29.03 167.99-29.03 22 - 23/03/2014 167.99 Various -29.01 23/10/2013 167.93 Coleoptera Various Nitidulidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99 167.99 21/02/2014 23/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 83 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection under bark of billets Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection and beating N Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection from logs Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret, 1873) Euborellia annulipes Euborellia Euborellia annulipes Euborellia Euborellia annulipes Euborellia Euborellia annulipes Euborellia Euborellia annulipes Euborellia Euborellia annulipes Euborellia Target Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Dermaptera Anisolabididae Dermaptera Anisolabididae Dermaptera Anisolabididae Target orderTarget family Target (L.) . sp. sp. sp. sp species

Mangifera indica Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Hibiscus insularis Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus ×limon Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Acca sellowiana Araucaria heterophylla Mangifera indica Colocasia esculenta Schott Host Malvaceae 25/02/2014; 23/09/2013 -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.95 -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Malvaceae -29.03 167.94 11/06/2013 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.02 167.93 26/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.03 167.94 23/09/2013 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.94 10/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.05 167.93 27/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.01 167.94 23/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.94 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.96 25/05/2014 Unknown Unknown Dermaptera Anisolabididae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 NA NA Dermaptera Anisolabididae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 NA NA Dermaptera Anisolabididae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Araceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

84 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan in bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY ? ? Hand collection Beating Y ? Beating YY ? ? Beating Beating Y? Y ? Beating Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Observation N Y Observation N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Observation Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) . sp. sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Koch, 1835 species

Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Eucalymnatus tessellatus Target Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Target orderTarget family Target . . sp. sp. sp. sp species

Morus Mangifera indica Leptospermum J.R.Fort. & G.Forst Macadamia integrifolia Ipomoea cairica Cucurbita pepo Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus Citrus Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Meryta angustifolia Schinus terebinthifolius Psidium guajava Myrsine ralstoniae Myoporum obscurum Musa Meryta latifolia Meryta angustifolia Mangifera indica Mangifera indica Host -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Moraceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.04-29.01 167.96 167.93 26/02/2014 13/06/2013 Myrtaceae Proteaceae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.05 167.93 27/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 26/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.93 27/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 25/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.94 26/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.05 167.93 17/02/2014 Unknown Unknown Hemiptera Coccidae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Primulaceae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Scrophulariaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Musaceae -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Araliaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Araliaceae -29.01 167.93 24/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Anacardiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 85 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Hand collection from milled timber pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables Beating from grape vine growing over citrus Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYYY Y Y Sweep net Sweep net NYY YYY YY Light trap #2 Y YY Y Y pan in orchard Yellow Y Sweep net Light trap Light trap #2 NY YNN N Y Hand collection Y Light trap Hand collection from timber Y? YY ?Y ? Beating ? Ethanol wash Beating Y? Y ? Hand collection Y ? Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) YYY ? ? ? Beating Hand collection Hand collection from soil Moore, terrestris . cf. sp. sp. sp. sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Exaireta spinigera Exaireta spinigera Exaireta spinigera Exaireta Exaireta spinigera Exaireta 1830) (Wiedemann, spinigera Exaireta spinigera Exaireta spinigera Exaireta Euthenarus bicolor 1985 spinigera Exaireta spinigera Exaireta Euschizus internatus Euschizus internatus (Pascoe, 1872) Euschizus internatus Europhrys Europhrys Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Target Eupodes Eupodes Eupodes Diptera Stratiomyidae Diptera Stratiomyidae Coleoptera Brentidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Trombidiformes Eupodidae Target orderTarget family Target TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Eupodidae Eupodidae

f.

var. sp. sp. sp. species

Citrus Schinus terebinthifolius Araucaria heterophylla Vitis vinifera Vitis Terminalia catappa Terminalia vinifera Vitis Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Musa Musa Passifl ora edulis Passifl avicarpa fl Host oraceae -29.04-29.04 167.99 167.96 26/05/2014 27/02/2014 Unknown Diptera Various Unknown Stratiomyidae Diptera Stratiomyidae -29.03 167.99-29.04 22 - 23/03/2014-29.03 Various 167.99-29.05 167.96-29.04 23/05/2014 167.95 25/05/2014 167.94 Rutaceae 20/02/2014 NA 23/09/2013 NA Diptera Anacardiaceae NA NA Stratiomyidae Diptera Diptera Stratiomyidae Stratiomyidae -29.05 167.95-29.00 20/02/2014-29.02 167.93 NA 167.96 24/10/2013 26/03/2014 Diptera Various Various NA Stratiomyidae Coleoptera Carabidae Diptera Stratiomyidae -29.01-29.03 167.92-29.03 167.96 16/10/2014 167.97 25/09/2013 NA 21/05/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Brentidae Brentidae -29.03 167.95 21/09/2013 NA NA Araneae Salticidae -29.04-29.01 167.95 167.94-29.03 24/11/2014 24/09/2013 167.92 Unknown Arecaceae 22/05/2014 Unknown Vitaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Trombidiformes Eupodidae Eupodidae -29.05 167.96 9/10/2014 Vitaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Combretaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Myrtaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2014 Musaceae -29.00-29.02 167.93-29.03 167.97 12/06/2013 167.92 22/09/2013 Musaceae 22/05/2014 NA Passifl NA Trombidiformes Eupodidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

86 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY ower ower owers owers owers owers owers owers owers Hand collection from fl petal Hand collection from fl petal Hand collection from tree felled 10 months prior Berlese funnel form leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection from fl LuciLure trap YY Y Y Beating Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl YY Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NN N?Y? Y ? pan near bananas Yellow Sweep net in cattle pasture Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Targioni, (Targioni, Broun, 1886 ? sp. species

Gaeolaelaps queenslandicus 1956) (Womersley, Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella schultzei 1910) (Trybom, Fiorinia fi oriniae Fiorinia fi Fiorinia fi oriniae Fiorinia fi Fiorinia fi oriniae Fiorinia fi Fiorinia fi oriniae Fiorinia fi Fiorinia fi oriniae Fiorinia fi 1867) Fanulena insculpta 1846) (Pfeiffer, Exitianus Exomesites Exitianus plebeius 1906) (Kirkaldy, Target Mesostigmata Laelapidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Stylommatophora Microcystidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Target orderTarget family Target , , Juss. L. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Colocasia esculenta Arachis pintoi Strelitzia reginae reginae Strelitzia Aiton Banks ex Jacaranda Lilium formosanum A.Wallace Ipomoea cairica Ipomoea cairica Ipomoea cairica Hieracium Ipomoea cairica Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Arachis pintoi Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Rhopalostylis baueri Persea americana Persea americana Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Araucaria heterophylla Apium graveolens Host Convolvulaceae Fabaceae Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae 25/11/2014; 25/11/2014; 27/11/2014 23/11/2014; 23/11/2014; 29/11/2014 23/09/2013 Lauraceae 167.94 -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Araceae -29.03 167.94 28/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.94 23/05/2014 Strelitziaceae -29.05 167.96 28/05/2014 NA NA Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Bignoniaceae -29.04 167.99 29/11/2014 Liliaceae -29.05 167.92 23/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.99 -29.05 167.97 27/11/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03-29.05 167.94 167.93 28/11/2014 17/02/2014 Asteraceae Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.99 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 22/05/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Lauraceae -29.04 -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.01-29.01 167.93 167.94 21/05/2014 24/09/2013 Poaceae Arecaceae Unknown Unknown Hemiptera Coleoptera Cicadellidae Curculionidae -29.02 167.96 13/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 87 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan on bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Collection method Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Sweep net Y ? Beating Y ? Hand collection Y ? pan Yellow Y ? Sweep net Y ? Sweep net Y? Y ? Hand collection Y ? Sweep net Y ? Hand collection YY ? ? pan Yellow Beating YY ? ? pan near bananas Yellow Hand collection Y ? Sweep net Y ? Sweep net in eucalypt forest Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y ? Beating Y? YYY? ?Y ?Y? Ethanol wash ? Sweep net Y? Y? LuciLure trap Sundevall, Berlese, 1904 . ? sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Loew, 1863 Loew, sp sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Galumna Gaurax Gamasiphis Target Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax 1833 Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gasteracantha Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae DipteraDiptera Chloropidae Chloropidae DipteraDiptera Chloropidae Chloropidae Sarcoptiformes Galumnidae Diptera Chloropidae Target orderTarget family Target Diptera Chloropidae Araneae Araneidae sp. sp. sp. sp. species

. capitata Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas Glycine max Gladiolus ×hortulanus L.H.Bailey Digitaria Daucus carota Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita maxima Citrus Cucumis sativus Brassica oleracea var Carica papaya Apium graveolens Paspalum Ananas comosus Host Musa Alyxia gynopogon Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae NA DipteraVarious DipteraVarious Chloropidae Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae 29/05/2014; 17/07/2014 22 - 23/03/2014; 23/10/2013 23 - 24/03/2014; 24/10/2013 -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Iridaceae -29.03 167.94 10/10/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.05-29.03 167.96 167.99 9/10/2014 14/06/2013 Rutaceae Cucurbitaceae -29.05-29.00 167.94 167.93 22/09/2013 24/12/2012 Brassicaceae Caricaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Mesostigmata Ologamasidae -29.01 167.93 20/05/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Bromeliaceae -29.06-29.04 167.94 167.99 22/09/2013-29.03 23 - 24/03/2014 Diptera Various 167.99 Various 23/10/2013 Chloropidae Diptera Various Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae -29.04 167.99-29.03 24/11/2014 167.98 Musaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99 -29.02 167.93 167.95 25/12/2012 Apocynaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

88 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers, Hand collection Yellow pan Yellow Beating Beating Sweep net Sweep net in eucalyptus fores Beating in lettuce fl beetroot leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Beating in eucalyptus forest Y ? Beating Y ? Beating Y ? Sweep net and beating Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Beating Y ? Hand collection Y? YYY ?Y ? pan ? Yellow Y ? LuciLure trap Light trap ? pan Yellow pan Yellow YY ? ? Sweep net pan Yellow Y? Y ? Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) . sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Target Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae DipteraDiptera Chloropidae Chloropidae DipteraDiptera Chloropidae Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. , L. sp. , sp. Lactuca . sp sp. sp., species

Solanum mauritianum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Rheum rhababarum Bidens pilosa Prunus persica persica Phormium tenax Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Ocimum basilicum, Musa Paspalum Musa Musa sativa Medicago sativa Lactuca sativa Beta vulgaris Ipomoea batatas Host Polygonaceae, Asteraceae NALamiaceae, Brassicaceae, NAMusaceae Diptera Chloropidae Musaceae, Asteraceae Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae 12/06/2014; 24/06/2014 -29.01 167.93 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 -29.057236 167.938334 11/10/2014 Rosaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Agavaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.06-29.01 167.96 -29.01 167.92-29.00 167.95 16/10/2014-29.01 167.93 25/12/2012 NA 167.93 26/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae 20/05/2014 NA Poaceae Diptera Chloropidae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.93 24/12/2012 26/12/2012 Musaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 23/10/2013 -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 89 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan Yellow Hand collection Hand collection Beating Beating Yellow pan Yellow Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN YNN Y Hand collection N Hand collection N Hand collection from soil Hand collection YN YN Y Hand collection Y Light trap, alates caught Hand collection Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection YNN YN YN Hand collection from lichens YN Y Light trap Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap Light trap #4 Y ? Hand collection Y ? Sweep net in cattle pasture Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Dallas,

Taylor, 1960 Taylor, Mégnin, 1878 sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Glyptotermes brevicornis Gnatocerus cornutus (Fabricius, 1798) Gonocephalum insulanum 1888) (Olliff, Gonocephalum insulanum Glycaspis granulata (Froggatt, 1901) Glyptotermes brevicornis Froggatt, 1897 Glyptotermes brevicornis Glycaspis Glaucias amyoti Glaucias amyoti Giraultithrips nigricoxa (Girault, 1929) Glaucias amyoti 1852) Glaucias amyoti Glaucias amyoti Glaucias amyoti Glaucias amyoti Geckobia Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Gaurax Target Blattodea Kalotermitidae HemipteraBlattodea Psyllidae Kalotermitidae Hemiptera Psyllidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Trombidiformes Pterygosomidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Diptera Chloropidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. cuspidata species

Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Araucaria heterophylla Eucalyptus botryoides Eucalyptus botryoides Citrus ×aurantium Solanum lycopersicum Elaeodendron Elaeodendron curtipendulum Christinus guentheri 1885) (Boulenger, Triticum Triticum Zea mays Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum melongena Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.03-29.06 167.95-29.06 167.95 25/02/2014 167.96 27/09/2013 NA 25/05/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae -29.03-29.05 167.96-29.05 167.94 20/02/2014 167.92 22/09/2013 NA 24/09/2013 Oleaceae Araucariaceae NA Blattodea Kalotermitidae -29.03 167.96 26/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.96 26/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.06-29.05 167.94-29.03 167.93-29.01 26/11/2014 167.95-29.03 26/11/2014 167.92-29.04 NA 7/10/2014 167.96 NA 16/10/2014 167.99 NA 23/02/2014 NA 25/11/2014 NA NA NA Solanaceae NA NA Hemiptera NA Hemiptera Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Pentatomidae Pentatomidae -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 Celastraceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Gekkonidae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Poaceae -29.01 167.92 21/05/2014 Poaceae Unknown Diptera Chloropidae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

90 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood, dead seed heads. Hand collection from dead palm leaves and dead pea pods Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Beating YY YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection YYY Y Hand collection from leaves YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl YY YY N Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NN YN Y Hand collection Y Unknown Hand collection YY Y Y Ethanol wash Light trap Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Mound & (Malloch, species

Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908) Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus Haplothrips bituberculatus (Girault, 1927) Haplothrips avius Minaei, 2007 Halipeurus mirabilis Thompson, 1940 Haematopinus suis (Linnaeus, 1758) Haemaphysalis longicornis Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901 Haemaphysalis longicornis Haemaphysalis longicornis Gynaeseius christinae australiensis Hadrobregmus Pic, 1901 Gynaeseius christinae (Schicha, 1981) 1925) Gymnochiromyia Gymnochiromyia nigridorsum Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phthiraptera Philopteridae Psocodea Haematopinidae Ixodida Ixodidae IxodidaIxodida Ixodidae Ixodidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Diptera Chyromyidae Target orderTarget family Target

Banks (Endl.) L. subsp. sp. viscosa species

Achyranthes aspera Dodonaea viscosa subsp. Metrosideros ex Gaertn. Dianella Crotalaria Crotalaria Hibiscus insularis Ardenna pacifi cus pacifi Ardenna (Gmelin, 1789) Sus scrofa Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 Macropiper Macropiper excelsum Bos taurus Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 psittacorum Sykes Araucaria heterophylla Lagunaria patersonia Phaseolus vulgaris Host Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae -29.00-29.13 167.93 167.95 22/12/2013 14/10/2014 Various Amaranthaceae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01-29.02 167.94 167.96 24/11/2014 9/07/2013 Unknown Various Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 25/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03-29.02 167.95 167.96 10/07/2013 27/12/2012 Sapindaceae Myrtaceae -29.02 167.96 25/03/2014 Phormiaceae -29.04-29.01 167.99 167.94 25/11/2014 22/12/2012 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.56 10/12/2014 Procellariidae Unknown Unknown 20/02/2014 Suidae Unknown UnknownUnknown 27/06/2014Unknown Unknown Unknown Piperaceae 20/02/2014 14/09/2013 Unknown Bovidae Unknown Ixodida Ixodidae -29.03Unknown 167.97 Unknown 27/11/2014 1/10/2013 NA Bovidae NA Coleoptera Ptinidae -29.05 167.92 25/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Fabaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 91 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers owers owers owers Hand collection from young citrus leaves and grass Hand collection from dead wood and grass Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target

, L. , sp., sp. sp. L. L.? (L.) P.Browne L. sp. sp. sp. species

italica, botrytis Solanum Cuphea Digitaria Chenopodium Cucurbita L., lycopersicum, Allium porrum Coriandrum sativum Citrus Coffea Conyza Chenopodium Chenopodium Cenchrus purpureus Cenchrus clandestinus Capsella bursa- pastoris Medik.? Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Capsicum annuum Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Araucaria heterophylla Ambrosia Ambrosia Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Alliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae Brassicaceae, Solanaceae Asteraceae Araucariaceae, Poaceae 21/12/2013; 22/03/2014; 22/12/2012 21/12/2013; 22/10/2013 -29.04 167.97 25/03/2014 Lythraceae -29.00 167.93 23/03/2014 -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.04-29.03 167.99-29.05 167.99 24/03/2014 167.97 23/12/2012 Rutaceae 24/02/2014 Rubiaceae Asteraceae -29.03 167.99 -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Chenopodiaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.99 -29.03 167.94 28/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2013 Asteraceae -29.01 167.95 26/12/2013 -29.04 167.97 25/03/2014 Asteraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

92 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers Hand collection from dead wood and dead seed heads Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target ,

L.

, . var. G.Don Bidens persica sp. sp. sp Cav. sp., Lam. var. var. Prunus species

, Apium aggregatum aggregatum Pisum sativum Allium cepa pilosa Physalis Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Leucanthemum vulgare Lantana camara Lactuca sativa, Spinacia oleracea L. graveolens, Solanum lycopersicum, Phaseolus Cucurbita pepo Ipomoea cairica Ipomoea cairica Hieracium Hieracium Ipomoea cairica Hibiscus insularis Galinsoga ora parvifl Foeniculum vulgare Foeniculum vulgare Mill., persica Cynodon dactylon Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Host Fabaceae, Alliaceae, various Various, Various, Solanaceae, Asteraceae Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Apiaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae Apiaceae, Rosaceae -29.04 167.96 26/03/2014 -29.03 167.99 9/07/2013 -29.04 167.94 21/12/2012 Apiaceae -29.04 167.99 24/12/2013 Apiaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 26/03/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2012 Asteraceae -29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 Verbenaceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 -29.03 167.94 28/11/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.05 167.93 23/11/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03-29.02 167.94-29.05 167.96 28/11/2014 167.92 25/11/2014 Asteraceae 23/11/2014 Asteraceae Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.96 25/03/2014 -29.02 167.96 25/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2013 Poaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 93 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers, leaves owers, Hand collection from outside light Hand collection from old male fl Hand collection from fl Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection NN N Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Hand collection YYY YY YY Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Beating Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection from fl Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Helicoverpa armigera 1808) (Hübner, Hebrolethaeus concisus Hebrolethaeus 1981 Scudder, Harmonia testudinaria (Mulsant, 1850) Haplothrips robustus Haplothrips robustus Haplothrips robustus Haplothrips robustus Bagnall, 1918 Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips leucanthemi (Schrank, 1781) Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Haplothrips gowdeyi Target Haplothrips gowdeyi Lepidoptera Noctuidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget Thysanoptera family Target Phlaeothripidae sp. sp. L. Schinus L. , species

repens repens Solanum melongena Lantana camara terebinthifolius Medicago sativa Zea mays Zea mays Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var. Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var. Trifolium pratense Trifolium L. Tagetes Tagetes Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Plantago Host Verbenaceae, Verbenaceae, Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.95 21/09/2013 NA NA Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae -29.00 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.04 167.94 21/12/2012 -29.05-29.05 167.93 167.93 23/12/2013 26/03/2014 Unknown Fabaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.92 25/11/2014 Asteraceae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Poaceae -29.04-29.02 167.99 167.93 23/11/2014 25/05/2014-29.03 Fabaceae -29.02 Fabaceae 167.99 167.95 22/03/2014 10/07/2013 Poaceae Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.03-29.02 167.99-29.02 167.96 24/11/2014 167.96 25/03/2014 Unknown 26/11/2014 Poaceae Apiaceae Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 23/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.98 24/03/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.92 28/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93 23/12/2013 Plantaginaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

94 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from paddock Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from terminal branches Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YYY N YY Beating Y Y Y Light trap Y Hand collection Hand collection YYYY Y Y Beating Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YYY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?)

(Fabricius, species

Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret, 1869) Hemiberlesia cyanophylli Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorroidalis Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret, 1869) Hemiberlesia cyanophylli Hellula undalis 1781) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Helicoverpa armigera Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché, 1833) Helicoverpa armigera Target HemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae HemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae LepidopteraThysanoptera Noctuidae Thripidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. J.R.Forst. & L. sp. sp. viscosa viscosa sp. sp. sp. species

Musa Meryta G.Forst. Meryta angustifolia Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus Musa Musa Meryta angustifolia Annona reticulata Quercus Quercus Muehlenbeckia australis Croton Croton Dodonaea viscosa subsp. Dodonaea viscosa subsp. Fragaria ×ananassa Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus Coprosma Araucaria heterophylla Solanum lycopersicum Araucaria heterophylla Zea mays Host -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Musaceae -29.03 167.95 22/05/2014 Araliaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.94-29.04 10/10/2014-29.02 167.99-29.04 Rutaceae 167.96 25/09/2013 167.94 10/06/2013 Musaceae 23/09/2013 Musaceae Araliaceae -29.03 167.96 25/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Crambidae -29.01-29.02 167.94 167.95 30/11/2014 22/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Annonaceae -29.03 167.98 20/02/2014 Fagaceae -29.01 167.94 22/03/2014 Polygonaceae -29.04 167.94 21/12/2012 Euphorbiaceae -29.03-29.00 167.95-29.04 167.94 10/07/2013 167.97 11/07/2013 Sapindaceae 26/05/2014 Sapindaceae Rosaceae -29.01 167.94 11/07/2013 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.94 21/10/2013 Rubiaceae -29.01 167.94 21/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.06 167.98 167.94 21/05/2014 27/02/2014 Solanaceae Araucariaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Poaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 95 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from seedlings Sweep net caught on the wing Hand collection from dead palm leaves and dead pea pods Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection YYY Y Hand collection YYY Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection YY YYN Y YNY Hand collection Y Hand collection Light trap #3 Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) YYY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Sweep net Hand collection species

Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips (Bagnall, 1919) Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock, 1881) australiae Hemicordulia 1842) (Rambur, australiae Hemicordulia Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Target Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia lataniae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae HemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Target orderTarget family Target HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Diaspididae

var. L. L. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

. capitata Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Brassica oleracea var Capsicum annuum Asparagus cinalis offi Asparagus Bidens pilosa Musa Allium porrum Annona muricata Vitis vinifera Vitis Rhopalostylis baueri Rhopalostylis baueri Prunus persica persica Prunus dulcis Musa Musa Musa Musa Persea americana Host Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae Musaceae Musaceae 12/06/2013; 24/09/2013 12/06/2013; 12/09/2013 -29.02 167.95 23/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Poaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.97 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Brassicaceae -29.04-29.02 167.97-29.03 167.96 26/11/2014 167.99 27/12/2012 Asparagaceae 21/12/2013 Asparagaceae Asteraceae -29.04-29.03 167.99 167.99 25/11/2014 24/12/2012 Alliaceae -29.00-29.03 167.93 -29.04 167.97 167.96 20/02/2014 10/10/2014 NA NA NA NA Odonata Odonata Corduliidae Corduliidae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Annonaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Vitaceae -29.01 167.94 23/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Arecaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Musaceae -29.03-29.00 167.93-29.00 167.93-29.03 26/09/2013 167.93 20/02/2014 167.93 Musaceae Musaceae 12/06/2013 Lauraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

96 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection leaf damage (larvae) Hand collection from dead leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection YY YYY Y YY Y Hand collection from fl Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection from fl YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YYY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Target Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target , sp. L. sp. sp. Boiss. sp. L. L. sp. sp. sp. species

Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hieracium Ipomoea batatas Grevillea robusta Grevillea Grevillea robusta Grevillea Euphorbia norfolkiana Euphorbia norfolkiana Daucus carota Cyathea brownii Ipomoea Crinum Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Coffea Coffea Coffea Colocasia esculenta Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Chenopodium Host Araucariaceae, Proteaceae Proteaceae, Arecaceae Euphorbiaceae Cyatheaceae, Convolvulaceae Amaryllidaceae Commelinaceae 11/07/2013; 11/07/2013; 24/12/2013 26/12/2013 22/11/2014 23/11/2014; 23/11/2014; 25/03/2014 -29.04-29.04 167.94-29.02 167.94 25/10/2013 167.95-29.03 21/12/2012 Hemerocallidaceae 22/11/2014 167.99 Hemerocallidaceae Hemerocallidaceae 22/10/2013 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.94 28/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.05 167.93 25/12/2013 -29.02 167.96 27/12/2012 -29.00-29.00 167.94 167.94 25/11/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.00 167.93 10/07/2013 Apiaceae -29.02 167.97 22/12/2012 -29.02 167.95 -29.05 167.93 23/11/2014 Commelinaceae -29.05 167.93 23/11/2014 Commelinaceae -29.00 167.94 23/10/2013 Commelinaceae -29.05 167.93 -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.01 167.98-29.02 21/12/2013 167.93 25/09/2013 167.97 Rubiaceae 26/09/2013 Rubiaceae 22/09/2013 Rubiaceae Araceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.98 20/02/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Chenopodiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 97 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from dead leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection (larvae) Y Y Hand collection YYY Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Light trap YY YY Y Hand collection YY Y Hand collection Hand collection from fruit Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Target ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target

.

sp var. L.

sp., Bidens sp., sp. sp. sp., sp. L. Morus sp. sp. sp., , . sp. sp species

Rivina humilis Prunus persica persica pilosa Physalis Physalis peruviana L. Phaseolus Lactuca sativa Phaseolus Phaseolus Phaseolus Apium graveolens, Daucus carota Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Passifl ora ligularis Passifl Juss. Murraya Musa Musa Metrosideros Metrosideros Ipomoea Medicago Jasminum Lantana camara Ipomoea Ipomoea cairica Ipomoea cairica Ipomoea batatas Host oraceae Various, Various, Solanaceae, Asteraceae Fabaceae, Asteraceae Fabaceae, Apiaceae Apiaceae Rutaceae, Moraceae, unknown Musaceae Myrtaceae, Convolulaceae 23/11/2014; 23/11/2014; 24/12/2013 26/12/2012; 20/02/2014; 24/09/2013 -29.05 167.93 23/11/2014 Phytolaccaceae -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.03 167.99 9/07/2013 -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 -29.04-29.03 167.99-29.03 167.99 25/11/2014 167.99 23/12/2012 Fabaceae 21/12/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 Passifl -29.05 167.95 12/10/2014 NA NA Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.04 167.99-29.00-29.02 24/12/2013 167.93 167.96 9/07/2013 Musaceae -29.02 167.96 27/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Fabaceae -29.01-29.01 167.95 167.93 26/12/2012 16/10/2014 Oleaceae Verbenaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Convolvulaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Convolvulaceae -29.05 167.92 23/11/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Convolvulaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

98 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers Hand collection from dead wood in pot plant Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from fl and leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YNN YN YN Beating Y Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap Light trap Y Y Trapping YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY YYY YY Hand collection YY Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Hercinothrips femoralis Hercinothrips Herpetogramma licarsisalis 1859) (Walker, Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Hercinothrips femoralis Hercinothrips 1891) (Reuter, Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Hercinothrips bicinctus Hercinothrips Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target Aiton Coffea sp. (Endl.) species

Ipomoea cairica Solanum lycopersicum Zehneria baueriana Trifolium Trifolium Zehneria baueriana Toona Toona M.Roem., sp. Spinacia oleracea Solanum tuberosum Solanum muricatum Solanum orum nodifl Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Host Meliaceae, Rubiaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae 10/06/2013; 26/09/2013 22/12/2012; 7/10/2014; 23/05/2014 -29.05-29.05 167.95-29.04 167.92-29.03 20/02/2014 167.94 19/05/2014 167.96 NA 28/02/2014 NA 19/02/2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Crambidae Crambidae -29.05 167.92 23/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.02-29.05 167.96 167.92 9/07/2013 23/05/2014 Various Solanaceae Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.02-29.12 167.96 167.95 28/11/2014 15/10/2014 Unknown Cucurbitaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.03-29.05 167.99-29.03 167.93-29.03 22/10/2013 167.99-29.02 26/03/2014 167.99-29.01 Poaceae, Fabaceae 22/12/2012 167.95-29.04 Unknown 24/11/2014 167.95 Poaceae 25/12/2013 167.99 Unknown 22/11/2014 Unknown Unknown 24/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Unknown Thysanoptera Unknown Thripidae Thysanoptera Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Chenopodiaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.02-29.02 167.96 167.97 23/10/2013 22/09/2013 Solanaceae Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 -29.03 167.99 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 99 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from dead frond Hand collection from dead branch and moss Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection in lawn near lab Hand collection attracted to light Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Light trap Set 22.5.2014, collected 23.5.2014 Light trap Set 25.5.2014, collected 26.5.2014 Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YN YN YN NYN Y Hand collection NY NNNY YN YN Light trap N Y Light trap NY YNY Y Light trap in eucalypt forest NY Light trap #4 Light trap #3 Y ? Hand collection N Y Sweep net N Y Sweep net NNN YN YN Y Bucket light trap N Y Light trap Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap in eucalypt forest Bucket light trap in orchard Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Kramer, 1876 Kramer, species

Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Heteronychus arator Heteronychus Histiostoma Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae 2014 Tree, Mound & Heteronychus arator Heteronychus arator Heteronychus arator Heteronychus arator Heteronychus arator Heteronychus Heteronychus arator Heteronychus (Fabricius, 1775) arator Heteronychus arator Heteronychus arator Heteronychus arator Heteronychus Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Target Herpetogramma licarsisalis Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ColeopteraSarcoptiformes Scarabaeidae Histiostomatidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. cuspidata species

Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Rhopalostylis baueri Citrus Lagunaria patersonia Citrus ×aurantium Hibiscus Digitaria Cenchrus purpureus Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum Host Poaceae, Solanaceae, various -29.02-29.01 167.95 167.94 26/12/2013 23/12/2013 Oleaceae Arecaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03-29.03 167.95 167.95-29.03 7/10/2014-29.03 10/06/2013 167.96-29.05 NA 167.96 NA 23/02/2014 167.92 20/02/2014 NA 26/11/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Coleoptera NA Coleoptera NA Scarabaeidae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Coleoptera Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae -29.05 167.95-29.01 20/02/2014 167.93 NA 27/02/2014-29.01 NA-29.03 NA 167.95-29.00 167.94 23/05/2014 167.93 NA 26/05/2014 Coleoptera NA 20/02/2014 NA Scarabaeidae Rutaceae Coleoptera NA NA Scarabaeidae Coleoptera Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Poaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Poaceae -29.03-29.01 167.96-29.01 167.95-29.01 23/02/2014 167.94-29.00 23/05/2014 167.93 NA-29.03 24/02/2014 167.93 NA 27/02/2014 167.93 NA 22/02/2014 NA NA 19/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Crambidae Crambidae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Crambidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

100 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from pile of rubbish and dead twigs Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood and dead seed heads Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch and lichens Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from leaf litter Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN NN NN NYY Y NYY Hand collection Y Hand collection NNN N Hand collection NN N N Hand collection from lichens YN ? ? Light trap YN YN YN YN YN YN YN YN YN Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) van der Wulp, Wulp, van der species

Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips Hoplothrips orientalis (Ananthakrishnan, 1969) Hoplothrips orientalis Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips Hoplothrips orientalis Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips Hoplandrothrips leai Hoplandrothrips 1925) (Karny, Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Homoneura 1891 Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Holoengythrips maynardae Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. cuspidata species

Jacaranda Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Toona ciliata Toona Lagunaria patersonia Grevillea robusta Grevillea Elaeodendron Elaeodendron curtipendulum Hibiscus insularis Toona ciliata Toona Host Rosaceae, Meliaceae Araucariaceae, Proteaceae -29.02 167.96-29.03 26/12/2013 167.99 Bignoniaceae 23/12/2012 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02-29.02 167.95-29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 167.95 29/11/2014-29.04 Unknown 24/12/2013 Unknown 167.94 Unknown 10/07/2013 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Unknown Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.95 26/12/2013 Oleaceae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Meliaceae -29.02 167.96 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.93 25/12/2013 -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 Celastraceae -29.01 167.94 24/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Lauxaniidae -29.03-29.01 167.93-29.01 167.95 22/12/2013-29.02 167.95 26/10/2013-29.03 Unknown 167.96 26/10/2013-29.02 Unknown 167.93 27/12/2012-29.02 Unknown Unknown 167.95 22/12/2013-29.02 Arecaceae Unknown 167.96 24/12/2013-29.04 Unknown Unknown 167.96 Thysanoptera 25/11/2014 Unknown Unknown 167.99 Thysanoptera 29/11/2014 Phlaeothripidae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera 23/11/2014 Phlaeothripidae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Malvaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2012 Meliaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 101 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection from window sill Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Light trap Set 9.10.14, collected 10.10.14 Yellow pan in bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Hand collection from dead wood and seed heads Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection on ground among dead twigs Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection from timber N Y Hand collection Y? Y Y Hand collection YY N N Light trap YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan among plants Yellow YY Y Y pan near bananas Yellow Y Y pan Yellow YY Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Coquillett, Canestrini, 1884 species

Hypoponera punctatissima Hypoponera punctatissima 1859) (Roger, Hypoaspis Hyperomyzus lactucae Hyperomyzus (Linnaeus, 1758) Hyleoides concinna (Fabricius, 1775) Hydrillodes norfolki 1977 Holloway, Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia 1903 Hydrellia tritici Hydrellia Howardia biclavis Howardia Howardia biclavis Howardia Howardia biclavis Howardia (Comstock, 1883) Hoplothrips orientalis Hoplothrips orientalis Hoplothrips orientalis Target Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hemiptera Aphididae Diptera Ephydridae Diptera Ephydridae Diptera Ephydridae Diptera Ephydridae Diptera Ephydridae Diptera Ephydridae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target , sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Araucaria heterophylla Howea Sonchus oleraceus L. Solanum melongena Ocimum basilicum Musa Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Musa Cucurbita pepo Alyxia gynopogon Malus pumila Plumeria rubra Plumeria rubra Hibiscus insularis Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Apocynaceae 11/06/2013; 11/06/2013; 12/06/2013; 25/09/2013 -29.03 167.97 25/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96 25/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Mesostigmata Laelapidae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.05 167.95 27/05/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Colletidae -29.01 167.94 24/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Herminiidae -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Diptera Various Ephydridae -29.03 167.94 19/02/2014 Poaceae Unknown Diptera Ephydridae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae -29.05 167.98 10/10/2014 NA NA Diptera Ephydridae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Musaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.02 167.95 25/12/2012 Apocynaceae -29.02 167.93 24/10/2013 Diptera Various Ephydridae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Rosacae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Apocynaceae -29.03 167.95 -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.94 30/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 22/12/2012 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

102 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY trap Culicoides Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Dipping and hand collection from old discarded animal cage with small container holding water Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Beating ? ? Beating ? ? Hand collection ? ? Hand collection YN YN NN ? ? Beating NNN YN Y Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap Light trap N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection ? ? Hand collection ? ? Hand collection ? ? Hand collection (immatures) ? ? Hand collection (immatures) ? ? Hand collection Y Y Sweep net in eucalypt forest ? ? Hand collection ? ? Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Otte, Bradley, Bradley, Maskell, . . sp sp. sp Mayr, 1862 Mayr, . sp. sp. sp. sp. Signoret, 1875 sp sp. species Walker, 1859 Walker,

Iridomyrmex Iridomyrmex Iridomyrmex Iridomyrmex Iphidozercon gibbus Iphidozercon Iphidozercon gibbus Iphidozercon (Berlese, 1903) Insulascirtus christiani & Rentz, 1985 Imma Imma celtiphaga Imma celtiphaga Imma celtiphaga 1982 Icerya purchasi Icerya purchasi Imma celtiphaga Icerya purchasi Icerya Icerya Icerya Icerya Icerya Icerya purchasi Icerya purchasi 1879 Icerya Icerya Hysteroneura setariae Hysteroneura Hysteroneura setariae Hysteroneura (Thomas, 1878) Target Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Lepidoptera Immidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Monophlebidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target

var. . sp. sp sp. sp. sp. species

Lagunaria patersonia Ipomoea cairica Gomphocarpus physocarpus Citrus ×aurantium Lupinus Carica papaya Citrus Musa Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Fragaria ×ananassa Ficus carica Citrus Citrus ×aurantium Citrus sinensis Vitis vinifera Vitis Paspalum persica Prunus persica Host -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Apocynaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.05 167.95 24/05/2014 NA NA Mesostigmata Ascidae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Mesostigmata Ascidae -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 NA NA Orthoptera Podoscirtidae -29.01-29.03 167.94-29.05 167.96-29.12 24/02/2014 167.95 25/05/2014 167.95 NA 20/02/2014 NA 15/10/2014 NA Fabaceae NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Immidae Immidae Immidae -29.03 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Immidae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Caricaceae -29.05 167.93 27/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Musaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Rhamnaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Moraceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Vitaceae -29.01 167.93 20/05/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rosaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 103 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from timber billets Hand collection from felled tree #2 Hand collection from felled tree Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Hand collection from hydroponics Hand collection from ant nest Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ??? ? Hand collection from timber ? ? Hand collection from timber ?? ?? NNY Y Beating NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection from timber NY NNN YN Y Y Hand collection from soil Y Hand collection from soil Hand collection from soil Hand collection NY N Y Beating (workers) N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection N Y Hand collection ?NN ?NY Y Y Beating Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Forel, Emery, Emery, sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Fauvel, 1904 species

Iscanus Iscanus Iscanus Iscanus Iscanus Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex suchieri Iridomyrmex Iridomyrmex calvus Iridomyrmex calvus Iridomyrmex suchieri 1914 1907 Target Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target R.Br. ex R.Br. sp. sp. sp. cuspidata species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Terminalia catappa Terminalia NA Lactuca sativa Grevillea Grevillea Knight Foeniculum vulgare Foeniculum vulgare Citrus Digitaria Cenchrus purpureus Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Citrus Carica papaya Ricinus communis Host Araucariaceae 2/12/2014; 3/12/2014 -29.03 167.97 18/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Tenebrionidae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 -29.04 167.99 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.05 167.92 24/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.06 167.97 167.94 18/02/2014 11/10/2014 NA Combretaceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.04-29.02 167.94-29.04 167.96-29.04 23/09/2013 167.99 26/09/2013 167.94 NA 25/09/2013; NA NA 23/09/2013 NA NA NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Formicidae -29.02-29.06 167.97 167.95 22/09/2013 27/09/2013 NA NA NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Asteraceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2014 Proteaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Apiaceae -29.05-29.12 167.97 167.95 24/02/2014 14/10/2014 Rutaceae Poaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Caricaceae -29.06-29.03 167.94-29.00 167.95 22/09/2013 167.93 22/09/2013 Oleaceae 23/12/2012 Rutaceae Hymenoptera Various Formicidae -29.03 167.99 23/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

104 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers Hand collection from dead wood, dead seed heads Hand collection from grassy fence Hand collection from grasses, olive leaf litter Hand collection, berlesate of dried grass Hand collection in eucalypt forest Hand collection from grass bases Hand collection from leaves and fruit Hand collection from dead branch on live tree Hand collection from young leaves Sweep net of dead seed heads Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YY YY YY YY YYY YYY Y Y Hand collection from litter Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection from fl NY YYY Y Beating NNN Y Y Hand collection from timber Y Bucket light trap Hand collection NY ?? ? ? Light trap #3 Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Hill, (Brauer, (Brauer, . sp. sp species

Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall, 1911) Karnyothrips fl avipes Karnyothrips fl Karnyothrips fl avipes Karnyothrips fl Karnyothrips fl avipes Karnyothrips fl Kalotermes banksiae avipes Karnyothrips fl (Jones, 1912) avipes Karnyothrips fl Kalotermes banksiae 1942) Kalotermes banksiae Kalotermes banksiae Ischnura aurora Ischnura aurora 1865) Iscanus Target Iscanus Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae BlattodeaThysanopteraThysanoptera Kalotermitidae Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae BlattodeaBlattodea Kalotermitidae Kalotermitidae Odonata Coenagrionidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. cuspidata cuspidata cuspidata species

Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Olea europaea subsp. Hibiscus insularis Cenchrus purpureus Cenchrus clandestinus Citrus ×aurantium Lagunaria patersonia Citrus Citrus Coriandrum sativum Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Rumex brownii Host -29.03-29.00 167.99-29.00 167.94 9/07/2013 167.94 24/03/2014 NA 27/11/2014 Poaceae, Oleaceae -29.01 Oleaceae -29.05 167.93 NA 167.93 25/11/2014 25/03/2014 Poaceae Thysanoptera Poaceae Phlaeothripidae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.02-29.00 167.96-29.03 167.94 25/03/2014 167.99 24/03/2014 Poaceae 23/03/2014 Poaceae Poaceae Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.95 23/12/2012 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99-29.03 22/05/2014 167.99 Rutaceae 24/11/2014 Apiaceae -29.04 167.99 24/03/2014 Rutaceae -29.03-29.05 167.96-29.05 167.94 20/02/2014 167.92 22/09/2013 NA 27/09/2013 Oleaceae Araucariaceae NA Blattodea Kalotermitidae -29.03 167.97 25/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.02 167.97 167.97 27/11/2014 22/12/2012 NA Polygonaceae NA Coleoptera Tenebrionidae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 105 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms from eucalypt Trapping leaf litter Hand collection from rotten fruit Hand collection from fallen fruit Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NNNN NN NN Hand collection and beating NN Hand collection N N Light trap Sweep net NN Y? Y ? Hand collection Hand collection NY NNN Y Y Y Hand collection Light trap #3 pan Yellow ?? Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YYY Y Y Ethanol wash Y Ethanol wash Bucket light trap YY? Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Olliff, Olliff, Perty, 1830 Perty, Shimer, 1868 Shimer, Börner, 1906 Börner, species

Lepidosaphes beckii Lepidosaphes beckii Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman, 1869) Leanobium marmoratus (Lea, 1924) Leanobium marmoratus Leanobium marmoratus Leanobium marmoratus Leaylia norfolkiana 1956) (Wygodzinsky, Leanobium marmoratus Leaylia norfolkiana Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank, 1781) Lepidosaphes Lasiodactylus calvus Lasiodactylus calvus 1888 Lasiodactylus calvus Lasiodactylus calvus Lasiodactylus Lamprolonchaea brouniana brouniana Lamprolonchaea Lamprolonchaea brouniana Lamprolonchaea Lamprolonchaea brouniana Lamprolonchaea Kuzinellus scytinus (Chazeau, 1970) Kuzinellus scytinus brouniana Lamprolonchaea (Bezzi, 1919) Karnyothrips melaleucus Katianna Target Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Coleoptera Ptinidae Coleoptera Ptinidae HemipteraSarcoptiformesHemiptera Reduviidae Glycyphagidae Diaspididae Coleoptera Nitidulidae ColeopteraColeoptera Nitidulidae Nitidulidae Coleoptera Nitidulidae Diptera Lonchaeidae Diptera Lonchaeidae Diptera Lonchaeidae MesostigmataMesostigmata Phytoseiidae Phytoseiidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Citrus Howea Citrus ×aurantium Lagunaria patersonia Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×limon Citrus reticulata Ipomoea batatas Solanum lycopersicum Pelargonium Pelargonium Phaseolus vulgaris Vitis vinifera Vitis Cenchrus clandestinus Host -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.02-29.02 167.57 167.94-29.01 10/12/2014-29.01 2/12/2014 167.93 NA 167.94 NA 26/11/2014 24/09/2013 Myrtaceae NA Arecaceae NA Unknown Coleoptera Coleoptera Hemiptera Ptinidae Ptinidae Reduviidae -29.03 167.97-29.02 27/11/2014-29.01 167.92 NA 167.93 25/05/2014 13/06/2013 Myrtaceae NA Rutaceae Coleoptera Ptinidae -29.03-29.00 167.92 167.93 21/05/2014 12/06/2013 Arecaceae Rutaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.03-29.02 167.96-29.01 167.95 20/02/2014 167.96 25/12/2012 NA 10/06/2013 Lomariopsidaceae Rutaceae NA Coleoptera Nitidulidae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae Unknown Unknown 18/03/2013 Solanaceae -29.03-29.00 167.94-29.03 167.93 24/11/2014 167.99 21/02/2014 Geraniaceae 20/02/2014 NA Fabaceae NA Diptera Lonchaeidae -29.04 167.98 27/11/2014 Vitaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Collembola Katiannidae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Poaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

106 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables Light trap from eucalypt forest Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ?YY ?Y YN ? Beating N ? Light trap in eucalypt forest N Y LuciLure trap N Y LuciLure trap Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap in eucalypt forest Light trap ? ? pan Yellow ? ? Light trap ? ? Hand collection NNN Y Hand collection ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ? Light trap ? Light trap #4 Light trap #3 NNN YN YN Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Smithers Löcker, Löcker, Becker, 1903 Becker, sp. sp. sp. sp. Olivier, 1813 Olivier, sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Meigen, 1803 species

Leptocera Leptolamia lunata 2014 Leptometopa Leptometopa Leucania stenographa 1900 Lower, Leucania stenographa Leucania stenographa Leucania stenographa Limonia Leptocera Leptocera Lepidosaphes beckii Lepolepis graemei & Thornton, 1974 Leptocera Leptocera Leptocera Leptocera Leptocera Leptocera Lepidosaphes beckii Lepidosaphes beckii Lepidosaphes beckii Lepidosaphes beckii Lepidosaphes beckii Lepidosaphes beckii Target Diptera Sphaeroceridae Diptera Sphaeroceridae Diptera Sphaeroceridae Hemiptera Diaspididae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Diaspididae Target orderTarget family Target . sp. sp. sp. sp. sp species

Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Phaseolus vulgaris Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×limon Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.01-29.06 167.93-29.06 167.96-29.05 27/02/2014 167.96-29.04 2/06/2014 167.92 NA-29.01 12/06/2014 167.94-29.05 NA 19/05/2014 167.93-29.03 NA 28/02/2014 167.95 NA 27/02/2014 NA 167.96 NA 20/02/2014 NA NA 25/05/2014 NA NA NA NA Hemiptera NA Diptera NA Diptera Cixiidae NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera Milichiidae Milichiidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Diptera Noctuidae Noctuidae Limoniidae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Psocodea Lepidopsocidae -29.03-29.00 167.99-29.01 167.93 23/10/2013 167.94-29.03 24/10/2013 Diptera Various 24/02/2014 167.96 Diptera Various NA 23/02/2014 Sphaeroceridae Sphaeroceridae NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Sphaeroceridae Sphaeroceridae -29.01 167.93-29.03-29.03 27/02/2014 167.96 167.99 NA 20/02/2014 20/02/2014 NA Fabaceae NA NA Diptera Diptera Sphaeroceridae Sphaeroceridae -29.05-29.03 167.93-29.03 167.93-29.02 27/09/2013 167.95-29.01 12/06/2013 167.93-29.03 Rutaceae 22/09/2013 167.93 Rutaceae 25/02/2014 167.93 Rutaceae 13/06/2013 Rutaceae 26/09/2013 Rutaceae Rutaceae -29.01 167.94 23/09/2013 Rutaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 107 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from hydroponics Hand collection from felled tree Hand collection from felled tree Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection N Y Beating NNN YN Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection LuciLure trap Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection NNN Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Beating NY N Y Ethanol wash N Y Hand collection NY N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NY N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Mayr, (Mayr, (Maskell, species

Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis, 1914) Linepithema humile Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Linepithema humile 1868) Linepithema humile Linepithema humile Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi Lindingaspis rossi 1892) Target Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae HemipteraHemipteraHemiptera Diaspididae Diaspididae Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Target orderTarget family Target sp. L. Endl. sp. species

Solanum lycopersicum Brassica rapa Carica papaya Araucaria heterophylla Dianella intermedia Leptospermum Punica granatum Coprosma Coprosma Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 11/10/2014 Brassicaceae -29.04-29.02 167.92-29.04 167.92-29.03 18/02/2014 167.94 24/06/2014 167.92 NA 18/05/2014 NA 21/05/2014 NA Caricaceae NA NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.04-29.04 167.96 167.94 26/02/2014 9/06/2013 Fabaceae Araucariaceae Unknown Hemiptera Diaspididae -29.03-29.04 167.95-29.02 167.96 15/06/2013 167.96 26/02/2014 Hemerocallidaceae 10/06/2013 Myrtaceae Lythraceae -29.02 167.93 25/05/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.94 11/06/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 24/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

108 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli Beating lettuce leaves, beetroot fl Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli pan among various Yellow young vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYY YY YYY Y Sweep net Y Hand collection from soil Light trap #3 Hand collection YY Y Y pan Yellow YY Y Y Beating Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Sweep net YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Y? YY Y Y pan Yellow Hand collection YY Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection YY? Y Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Riley, (Riley,

sp. sp. sp. Mik, 1894 species

Liriomyza caulophaga Liriomyza caulophaga Liriomyza caulophaga Liriomyza caulophaga Liriomyza caulophaga Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza caulophaga (Kleinschmidt, 1961) Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza Liriomyza brassicae Liriomyza brassicae 1885) Liriomyza Liriomyza Liriomyza Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Target DipteraDiptera Agromyzidae Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target , italica italica Aiton Brassica , var. var. var. sp. species

italica italica . capitata Triticum Triticum Cucurbita maxima

Zea mays, Brassica oleracea Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Rheum rhababarum, Bidens pilosa Lactuca sativa Beta vulgaris Cucurbita pepo Carica papaya Brassica oleracea var Brassica oleracea var. Zea mays oleracea Nasturtium Glycine max Brassica oleracea var. Host Poaceae and Brassicaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Polygonaceae, Asteraceae Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae Poaceae and Brassicaceae -29.06-29.03 167.95-29.03 167.96-29.03 27/09/2013 167.99 20/02/2014 167.99 NA 21/02/2014 NA 22 - 23/03/2014 Poaceae Various NA NA Diptera Diptera Diptera Agromyzidae Agromyzidae Agromyzidae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 24/10/2013 Diptera Various Agromyzidae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 -29.00 167.93 23/10/2013 -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Caricaceae -29.05-29.03 167.94 167.99 22/09/2013 25/09/2013 Brassicaceae Brassicaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.93 23/10/2013 23/12/2012 Diptera Various Diptera Various Agromyzidae Agromyzidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Diptera Agromyzidae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Brassicaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 109 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from dead branches and moss Hand collection from mossy dead branch Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Hand collection from dead wood Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection from under timber Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables Yellow pan on bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY NY NY Hand collection NYN Hand collection N Hand collection from lichens Hand collection YN ? ? Hand collection NNY Y pan Yellow YN Y? N Y pan Yellow Y? N Y pan Yellow N Y pan Yellow NN Y Y pan Yellow pan Yellow NY NY NY YYY Y pan Yellow YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Mound

Spencer, Spencer, (Smith, 1859) Kriechbaumer, Kriechbaumer, taverneri ? sp. Erichson, 1846 species

Lissothrips taverneri Lissothrips taverneri Lissothrips taverneri Lissothrips & Tree, 2015 & Tree, Lissothrips taverneri Lissothrips taverneri Lissothrips taverneri Lissopimpla Lissaptera 1889 Liris festinans Liris festinans Litargus Litargus Liris festinans Liris festinans Liris festinans Liris festinans Liris festinans Liris festinans Liris festinans Liris festinans Liriomyza electa Liriomyza electa Liriomyza electa 1977 Target ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Coleoptera Mycetophagidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Target orderTarget family Target , italica sp. sp. Brassica Lactuca , var. sp. sp., species

Baloghia inophylla Jasminum Elaeodendron curtipendulum Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Araucaria heterophylla Eucalyptus Citrus ×aurantium Zea mays oleracea Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Musa Musa sativa Apium graveolens

Solanum melongena Cucurbita pepo Host Euphorbiaceae, Oleaceae Poaceae and Brassicaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassiaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.01-29.02 167.94-29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 -29.02 167.96 24/12/2013 167.96 29/11/2014 Celastraceae 26/11/2014 Malvaceae Malvaceae -29.01 167.94 30/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 24/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Hemiptera Aradidae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Hymenoptera Crabronidae -29.01 167.93 26/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.93 24/12/2012 26/12/2012 Musaceae -29.00-29.00 167.93-29.00 167.93 24/10/2013-29.00 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various 167.93 Various 27/02/2014 26/12/2012 Hymenoptera Various Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Diptera Agromyzidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

110 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY trap among Sweep net and beating various vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables Culicoides various Nofolk Island pines pan among various Yellow young vegetables Hand collection from felled tree Hand collection from felled tree Hand collection from under bark of billets Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Sweep net and beating ?? YN YN YYY YY Y? Y Light trap ? Y Light trap #3 ? Hand collection from timber ? Hand collection Light trap Light trap NNN YN YN pan among seedlings Yellow YYN Y Bezzilure trap Y LuciLure trap LuciLure trap pan Yellow Y? N Y Hand collection N Y Beating NY N Y Light trap #3 NY N Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) YY ? Y pan Yellow Light trap (Stephens, (Lea, 1929) (Meigen, Latreille, 1829 sp. Oudemans, 1925 Robineau-Desvoidy, Robineau-Desvoidy, species Herklots, 1858 sp.

Macrocheles Macrocheles Lucilia 1830 1830) brunneus Lyctus brunneus Lyctus brunneus Lyctus Lygus Lygus Lucilia sericata sativae Lycoriella sativae Lycoriella brunneus Lyctus 1826) Lucilia sericata Lucilia sericata Lucilia sericata Lucilia sericata sativae Lycoriella (Johannsen, 1912) Lorryia Lorelus fumatus Lorelus Lorelus fumatus Lorelus Lorelus fumatus Lorelus Lorelus fumatus Lorelus Lorelus fumatus Lorelus Lorelus fumatus Lorelus Target Litargus Litargus Lobesia transtrifera (Meyrick, 1920) Mesostigmata Macrochelidae Diptera Calliphoridae Coleoptera Bostrichidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Target orderTarget family Target Coleoptera Mycetophagidae sp. sp. species

Eucalyptus Mangifera indica Mangifera indica Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Yucca aloifolia Yucca Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Musa Host Araucaria heterophylla Various DipteraVarious Calliphoridae NA NA Diptera Calliphoridae 23/12/2012; 24/10/2013 24/06/2014; 12/12/2014 -29.03-29.03 167.96-29.01 167.96-29.05 20/02/2014 167.93-29.03 25/09/2013 167.95-29.04 NA 26/02/2014 167.95 NA 12/10/2014 167.98 Myrtaceae 7/10/2014 NA 9/10/2014 NA NA NA Anacardiaceae NA Coleoptera NA Coleoptera Bostrichidae Hemiptera Bostrichidae Hemiptera Miridae Miridae -29.00 167.93 -29.01-29.03 167.92-29.01 167.99 26/11/2014 167.92 23/10/2013 NA 16/10/2014 Diptera Various NA NA Sciaridae NA Diptera Coleoptera Sciaridae Bostrichidae -29.05-29.03 167.97-29.02 167.98 -29.04 25/10/2014 167.97-29.00 167.99 NA 2/06/2014 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various NA 24/10/2013 NA Diptera Various NA Phoridae Diptera Diptera Diptera Calliphoridae Calliphoridae Calliphoridae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.05 167.92 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.98 24/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Tenebrionidae -29.05 167.93 24/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Musaceae -29.05-29.02 167.95 167.93 12/10/2014 28/11/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA Lepidoptera Tortricidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 111 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch and moss Collection method Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead branches Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Light trap Set 10.10.14, collected 11.10.14 Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Beating Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y N Hand collection YN YY NYN N Hand collection Hand collection YN YN Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection Y ? Light trap YN Y ? Light trap #4 YN Y? Y Y Light trap #3 Y? Bournier, Bournier, sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum (Thomas, 1878) Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Target Macrocheles Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrocheles Macrocheles Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis Macrocheles Macrocheles Macrophthalmothrips Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis 1997 Macrocheles Macrocheles Macrocheles gamma Macrocheles 2000 Halliday, Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae L. species

capitata Lactuca sativa Daucus carota Daucus carota Daucus carota Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita maxima Brassica oleracea var. Allium cepa Araucaria heterophylla Toona ciliata Toona Melia azedarach Lagunaria patersonia Host Lagunaria patersonia Grevillea robusta Grevillea Araucaria heterophylla Araucariaceae Araucariaceae, Proteaceae 21/12/2013; 25/11/2014 -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Alliaceae -29.02-29.02 167.95 167.96 25/12/2013 28/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 27/03/2014-29.02 Unknown 167.95 Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Meliaceae -29.02 167.95 23/03/2014 Meliaceae -29.05 167.95 12/10/2014 NA NA Mesostigmata Macrochelidae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA Mesostigmata Macrochelidae -29.02 167.96 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.93 26/11/2014 NA NA Mesostigmata Macrochelidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family -29.05 167.93 25/12/2013 -29.02 167.97 10/10/2014 NA NA Mesostigmata Macrochelidae -29.02 167.95 20/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Mesostigmata Macrochelidae

112 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection (mite damage) Yellow pan from various Yellow vegetable seedlings Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Sweep net Y ? Hand collection NNN N Hand collection N N Sweep net NN N N Hand collection Hand collection from soil N N Beating Y Y pan Yellow Y?Y Y ? Hand collection Y Hand collection Sweep net in cattle pasture YYY Y Hand collection from leaves YY Y Y Beating Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Beating Y Y Beating Y Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection Beating Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Bigot, Webb & Verrall, 1901 Verrall, Distant, 1917 species

Melanostoma apicale 1884 Melangyna Mathewsoconcha suteri Mathewsoconcha suteri Mathewsoconcha suteri (Sykes, 1900) Mallada metastigma Mathewsoconcha belli Preston, 1913 Mallada metastigma 1917) (Tillyard, Maiestas knighti Macrosiphum rosae rosae Macrosiphum (Linnaeus, 1758) Maiestas Maiestas knighti 2009 Viraktamath, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphum Target Diptera Syrphidae Diptera Syrphidae Stylommatophora Microcystidae Stylommatophora Microcystidae Stylommatophora Microcystidae Neuroptera Chrysopidae Neuroptera Chrysopidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Cicadellidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Plantago lanceolata Citrus Ficus carica Pittosporum bracteolatum Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus ×aurantium Psidium guajava Triticum Triticum Solanum melongena Rosa Vitis vinifera Vitis Terminalia catappa Terminalia Sonchus oleraceus Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Musa Physalis Lactuca sativa Lactuca sativa Host Cucuribitaceae, Solanaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.06 167.94 22/09/2013 Plantaginaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Moraceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.03 167.94 11/06/2013 Pittosporaceae -29.06-29.03 167.95 167.94 27/09/2013 24/05/2014 NA Asparagaceae NA Stylommatophora Microcystidae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03-29.01 167.99-29.03 167.92 21/02/2014 167.99 21/05/2014 Poaceae 23/12/2012 Poaceae Unknown Hemiptera Cicadellidae -29.00 167.93 23/12/2012 Hemiptera Various Aphididae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Rosaceae -29.04-29.04 167.99 167.99 8/10/2014 25/09/2013 Poaceae Vitaceae Unknown Hemiptera Aphididae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Combretaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.01-29.03 167.93 167.99 16/10/2014 23/12/2012 Musaceae Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Asteraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 113 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers Hand collection from dead tree Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead tree Hand collection from dead branch and moss Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead palm frond Hand collection from grass bases Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection from near greenhouses Hand collection from dead standing branches Hand collection from dead tree Hand collection from dead branch with lichen Hand collection from dead leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YYY YYY YY Hand collection from fl YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves YY YYY Y YYY YY Y Hand collection YY Hand collection YY YY YY Y Y Hand collection from lichens YY N Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Ward, Ward, species

Merothrips fl oridensis fl Merothrips Merothrips fl oridensis fl Merothrips Merothrips fl oridensis fl Merothrips oridensis fl Merothrips oridensis fl Merothrips Merothrips fl oridensis fl Merothrips Merothrips fl oridensis fl Merothrips Merothrips fl oridensis fl Merothrips Merothrips fl oridensis fl Merothrips 1927 Watson, Merothrips brunneus Merothrips brunneus Merothrips brunneus Merothrips Merothrips brunneus Merothrips brunneus Merothrips brunneus Merothrips brunneus Merothrips Merothrips brunneus Merothrips Merothrips brunneus Merothrips Merothrips brunneus Merothrips Merothrips brunneus Merothrips Merothrips brunneus Merothrips 1969 Merophyas divulsana Merophyas 1863) (Walker, Target Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Lepidoptera Tortricidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. species

Citrus Myoporum obscurum Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Commelina cyanea Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Myoporum obscurum Lagunaria patersonia Grevillea robusta Grevillea Elaeodendron Elaeodendron curtipendulum Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Medicago sativa Host -29.02-29.01 167.96-29.01 167.95 29/11/2014-29.01 167.94 22/11/2014 Unknown 167.94 24/11/2014 Unknown 30/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Rutaceae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae Merothripidae -29.01 167.94 24/11/2014 Scrophulariaceae -29.05 167.93 28/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.96 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.95-29.05 23/11/2014 167.93 Arecaceae 25/03/2014 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Unknown Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae -29.01 167.95-29.01 25/12/2012 167.94-29.02 Unknown 24/11/2014-29.03 167.95-29.01 Unknown 167.93 Unknown 21/12/2013 167.94 27/03/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera 25/11/2014 Thysanoptera Various Commelinaceae Merothripidae Unknown Thysanoptera Merothripidae Merothripidae Thysanoptera Merothripidae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.94 22/10/2013 Scrophulariaceae -29.05 167.93 28/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.93 12/07/2013 Proteaceae -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 Celastraceae -29.02 167.94 22/12/2013 Asparagaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

114 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from nursery seedlings Hand collection from dead foliage Hand collection from felled tree Sweep net from leaf litter and fallen timber Hand collection from under timber Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N N Hand collection and beating NN NN N N Hand collection N N Beating N N Hand collection NN NN N Hand collection N Beating Hand collection NN NN N Sweep net N Hand collection Sweep net N N Hand collection NN ? ? Hand collection ? ? Beating ?? YNN NNY Y Ethanol wash Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Trapping Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) sp. sp. Lea, hibisci cf. André, 1980 Lea, 1928 Lea, 1928 species

Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Breuning, 1947 Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus setosus Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus setosus Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus manus rufi Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus 1928 Microcryptorhynchus Microcryptorhynchus Metalorryia Methana marginalis Methana marginalis (Saussure, 1864) Methana marginalis Methana marginalis Mesohomotoma hibisci (Froggatt, 1901) Target Mesohomotoma Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae ColeopteraColeoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae ColeopteraColeoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Blattodea Blattidae Hemiptera Carsidaridae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. sp. cuspidata species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Lagunaria patersonia Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Zehneria baueriana Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Malus pumila Cucumis melo Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Eucalyptus Araucaria heterophylla Phormium tenax Eucalyptus Araucaria heterophylla Persea americana Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Host Araucariaceae 25/02/2014; 12/10/2014; 27/09/2013 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 -29.01 167.95 22/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.93 24/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Malvaceae -29.06-29.12 167.94-29.12 167.95 11/10/2014 167.95 15/10/2014 Oleaceae 14/10/2014 Coleoptera Various Cucurbitaceae Curculionidae -29.01-29.01 167.93-29.01 167.93 26/02/2014 167.93 26/11/2014 Myrtaceae 13/06/2013 Myrtaceae Rosaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.95 25/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.93 20/05/2014 Myrtaceae -29.05 167.93 24/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Hemerocallidaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.03 167.94-29.01 167.95 23/05/2014 167.93 25/09/2013 NA 26/11/2014 NA Myrtaceae NA NA Blattodea Blattodea Blattidae Blattidae -29.04 167.98 27/11/2014 Lauraceae -29.02 167.93 25/05/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.93 28/11/2014 NA NA Hemiptera Carsidaridae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 115 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers Hand collection from dead wood pan on bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection N Y Beating leaves, fl NN N N Beating Sweep net N Y Beating NNNN N? N Beating Hand collection ?? Hand collection ? ?NY ?N Beating Beating Y Bezzilure trap NNN NN N N Hand collection N Light trap LuciLure trap Light trap #1 ? ? Sweep net N N Beating N N Hand collection N N Beating N N Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) viridis viridis viridis sp. sp. Hirst, 1926 cf. cf. cf. species

Microsmaris Microsmaris Microsmaris Microsmaris Microsmaris Microsmaris Micromus tasmaniae Micromus Microlamia viridis Microlamia (Ślipiński & Escalona, 2013) viridis Microlamia Microlamia Microlamia tasmaniae Micromus Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia tasmaniae Micromus 1860) (Walker, Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia tasmaniae Micromus Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Microlamia norfolkensis Microlamia Target Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Neuroptera Hemerobiidae ColeopteraColeoptera Cerambycidae ColeopteraColeoptera Cerambycidae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae Neuroptera Hemerobiidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Neuroptera Hemerobiidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Target orderTarget family Target . sp sp. species

capitata Phaseolus vulgaris Brassica oleracea var. Araucaria heterophylla Digitaria Morus Capsicum annuum Lagunaria patersonia Ocimum basilicum Nicandra physalodes Phormium tenax Cucurbita pepo Malus pumila Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.04 167.94 167.99 10/10/2014 23/05/2014 Poaceae Moraceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.06-29.00 167.94 167.94 25/05/2014-29.00 24/02/2014 Unknown 167.94 Unknown-29.03 24/02/2014 Unknown-29.05 167.92 Unknown Malvaceae 167.92 Coleoptera 22/05/2014-29.03 Coleoptera 24/05/2014 Lamiaceae Cerambycidae 167.98 Poaceae Cerambycidae 22/05/2014 Unknown Solanaceae Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.05 167.93 20/06/2013 Coleoptera Various Cerambycidae -29.05 167.98 17/07/2014 NA NA Neuroptera Hemerobiidae -29.05-29.01 167.93-29.03 167.92-29.00 26/11/2014 167.96 10/06/2014 167.94 NA 19/02/2014 NA 24/02/2014 NA Hemerocallidaceae NA NA NA Coleoptera-29.03 Coleoptera Coleoptera 167.99 Cerambycidae Cerambycidae 24/12/2012 Cerambycidae Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Malvaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.12 167.95 15/10/2014 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

116 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from felled tees Sweep net from eucalypt forest Hand collection from under bark of billets Hand collection from sawn timber Hand collection from timber billets Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Beating N Y Hand collection NY Y? YN Y Y Light trap Light trap in eucalypt forest NN NN NNN NNN NN N Light trap N Light trap NN N Light trap NN NN Light trap #1 N Light trap #3 N N Light trap Hand collection from timber Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection YY YYYN N Sweep net Light trap Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection and beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Lea, Hirst, Forel, Sausure, (Frabricius, Mayr, 1855 Mayr, species

Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi 1910 Monomorium 1775) Mocis frugalis Mocis frugalis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis 1931 Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Mitrastethus lateralis Miomantis caffra Miomantis caffra Miomantis caffra 1871 Miomantis caffra 1928 Microsmaris hirsti Microsmaris joannae Microsmaris Microsmaris hirsti Microsmaris 1934 Womersley, Target Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Mantodea Mantidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Trombidiformes Erythraeidae Target orderTarget family Target . sp sp. species

Ipomoea cairica Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Araucaria heterophylla Paspalum Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Cordyline Cordyline Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.05 167.92 23/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Asparagaceae -29.05 167.93 24/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01-29.01 167.93 167.93 27/02/2014 20/05/2014 NA Poaceae Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.03 167.97 22/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.01-29.03 167.92-29.03 167.97 16/10/2014 167.97-29.03 27/11/2014 NA-29.05 18/02/2014 167.96 NA 167.92 NA 20/02/2014-29.03 1/12/2014 NA NA-29.02 NA 167.96 NA NA 167.93 25/09/2013 Coleoptera NA 25/02/2014 Coleoptera NA NA Coleoptera Araucariaceae Curculionidae Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae NA Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.05 167.92 19/05/2014-29.03 NA 167.96-29.05 19/02/2014-29.03 NA 167.93 NA 167.97 26/11/2014 28/11/2014 Coleoptera NA NA NA Curculionidae NA Coleoptera NA Curculionidae Coleoptera Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.03 167.97 21/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.9 25/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Poaceae Unknown Mantodea Mantidae -29.05-29.05 167.95 167.93 20/02/2014 26/11/2014 NA NA NA NA Mantodea Mantodea Mantidae Mantidae -29.04 167.94 19/02/2014 Poaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Erythreidae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 117 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from sawn log pile Hand collection from fallen branch in rainforest area pan among various Yellow young vegetables Hand collection from ant nest under rock Hand collection from on rock Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N N Beating N N pan near bananas Yellow NN Y Y Reared from seeds Light trap in eucalypt forest NY NY N N pan Yellow N YY? Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NNY NY Y Observation N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Beating NN Y Y Hand collection from bee hive NNY Y Hand collection N Y Trapping NN Y Y Beating from leaf litter Trapping Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Lea, (Walker, (Walker, Herbst, 1793 species

Mordella norfolcensis Mordella Mordella norfolcensis Mordella Monopis meliorella Monopis meliorella Monopis meliorella Monotoma 1863) Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps norfolcensis Mordella 1917 Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps Monomorium rubriceps 1876 Mayr, Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi oricola Monomorium fl (Jerdon, 1851) Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi eldi Monomorium fi Target Coleoptera Mordellidae Coleoptera Mordellidae Lepidoptera Tineidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. species

Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Apium graveolens Howea Zanthoxylum pinnatum Toona ciliata Toona Solanum mauritianum Persea americana Myrsine ralstoniae Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Ipomoea cairica Araucaria heterophylla Rhopalostylis baueri Nestegis apetala Lantana camara Host Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae Various ColeopteraVarious Mordellidae 24/10/2013; 27/02/2014 -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01-29.04 167.93 167.96 27/02/2014 27/02/2014 NA Coleoptera Various Monotomidae NA Lepidoptera Tineidae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03-29.02 167.93 167.96 10/10/2014 25/05/2014 Unknown-29.00 Arecaceae 167.93 Unknown Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.96 13/10/2014 Meliaceae -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.05 167.92 24/05/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.12-29.06 167.95 167.94 14/10/2014 22/09/2013 NA Lauraceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Primulaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae Unknown Unknown-29.12 25/09/2013 167.96 NA 15/10/2014 Convolvulaceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.02-29.03 167.94 167.94 25/05/2014 23/05/2014 NA Oleaceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 Verbenaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

118 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan in bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetable seedlings Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net YYY ? Hand collection YY ? ? Sweep net Hand collection NN N Y LuciLure trap NN ?Y ? ? Bucket light trap Hand collection NNN N N N pan Yellow Light trap in eucalypt forest pan Yellow N N Hand collection and beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Walker, (Walker, (Fallén, (Sulzer, (Sulzer, Hagen, 1866 sp. sp. Southcott, 1961 species

Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae 1776) 1857) Mypongia Mypongia Mythimna convecta 1817) Myopsocus Mordella norfolcensis Mordella Muscina stabulans Mordella norfolcensis Mordella Mypongia Mordella norfolcensis Mordella norfolcensis Mordella norfolcensis Mordella Mordella norfolcensis Mordella Target Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Erythraeidae Lepidoptera Erythraeidae Noctuidae Coleoptera Mordellidae ColeopteraColeoptera Mordellidae Mordellidae Coleoptera Mordellidae Target orderTarget family Target italica sp. Brassica , var. sp. sp. species

italica italica italica italica capitata capitata capitata Daucus carota Cucurbita pepo Cucumis sativus Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Triticum Triticum Triticum Brassica oleracea var. Plantago lanceolata Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Zea mays oleracea Lycium ferocissimum Lagunaria patersonia Host Brassicaceae Poaceae, Brassicaceae 24/09/2013; 20/02/2014; 12/06/2013 -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Brassicaceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.00 167.93 23/12/2012 Hemiptera Various Aphididae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99 167.99 21/02/2014 21/02/2014 Poaceae Poaceae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA Unknown Psocodea Myopsocidae -29.03-29.06 167.99 167.96 22 - 23/03/2014 Various 24/06/2014 NA Unknown Coleoptera Diptera Mordellidae Muscidae -29.05-29.06 167.92 167.94 20/06/2013 22/09/2013 Trombidiformes Various Plantaginaceae Erythraeidae -29.01-29.01 167.93-29.03 167.95 27/02/2014 167.99 25/12/2012 NA 23/12/2012 Lomariopsidaceae NA Coleoptera Mordellidae -29.05 167.92 1/12/2014 Solanaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 119 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from felled tree Hand collection on rock Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection N Y Light trap N Y Light trap #3 YN Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection Beating dead timber Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net YY YY Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan Yellow Y Y pan Yellow Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?)

Blackburn, Samsinak, (Hughes, 1970) species

Neocalvolia Neobethelium megacephalum Neobethelium megacephalum 1894 Neoacotyledon 1980 Naupactus cervinus Naupactus leucoloma Boheman, 1840 Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Naupactus cervinus Boheman, 1840 Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Myzus persicae Target Sarcoptiformes Sarcoptiformes Acaridae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target

, var. italica Brassica Lactuca , sp. var. var. sp. sp. sp., species

Citrus ×aurantium Araucaria heterophylla Carica papaya Prunus persica persica Nicandra physalodes Medicago sativa Hibiscus Daucus carota Citrus Citrus ×aurantium Cenchrus purpureus Zea mays oleracea Zea mays Solanum tuberosum Solanum melongena Ocimum basilicum Musa Musa sativa Eruca sativa Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.05 167.92 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.94 19/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Cerambycidae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Caricaceae -29.03 167.94 19/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.02-29.03 167.96 167.98 25/12/2012 22/05/2014 NA Solanaceae NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 22/12/2012 Malvaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Apiaceae -29.04 167.99 22/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.94 19/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.96 27/02/2014 Hemiptera Various Aphididae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Various -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.94 10/10/2014 Brassicaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

120 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Hand collection from nursery seedlings Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N N Light trap YY Y Y Sweep net Y Y Aspirator Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Beating Y ? Sweep net and beating YY ? ? Beating Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection N Y Bucket light trap in orchard Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Reuter, (Reuter, Turner, Turner, (Collyer, (Collyer, (Guenée, sp. Theobald, sp. sp. Kirkalday, Kirkalday, species

1917 Nesiotica cladara Nesidiocoris tenuis Nesidiocoris tenuis Nesidiocoris tenuis Nesidiocoris tenuis Nesidiocoris tenuis 1895) Nesidiocoris Nesidiocoris Nesidiocoris 1902 Neotoxoptera Neotoxoptera 1915 Neoseiulus womersleyi Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha, 1975) Neoseiulella novaezealandiae Neoseiulella novaezealandiae Neoseiulella novaezealandiae Neoseiulella novaezealandiae 1964) Neoseiulella novaezealandiae Neophyllaphis araucariae Neophyllaphis araucariae Neophyllaphis araucariae 1937 Takahashi, 1852) Neogalea sunia Target Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Miridae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. species

italica Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Brassica oleracea var. Mangifera indica Solanum melongena Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Trifolium Trifolium Araucaria heterophylla Pyrus communis Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.03 167.96 19/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Arctiidae -29.00 167.93 27/02/2014 NA Various Hemiptera Miridae -29.00 167.93 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03-29.04 167.99 167.98 25/09/2013 9/10/2014 Brassicaceae Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.94 23/11/2014 Hemerocallidaceae -29.02 167.93 27/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.92 25/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.94 3/12/2014 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.94 27/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.98 26/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 121 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection from dead stem and leaves, larvae present Hand collection from dead wood, dead seed heads Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from terminal branches Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead palm leaves, dead pea pods Collection method Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Light trap Set 25.5.2014, collected 26.5.2014 Light trap Set 9.10.14, collected 10.10.14 Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating YY YY YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YYY Y Hand collection N N Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) YY YY NN Hincks, Beier, 1976 Beier, species

Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesogaster halli Nesothrips propinquus (Bagnall, 1916) Nesochernes gracilis norfolkensis Target Nesiotica cladara 1949 Nesogaster halli Nesogaster halli Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Dermaptera Spongiphoridae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Lantana camara Ipomoea Lagunaria patersonia Hibiscus Hibiscus insularis Grevillea robusta Grevillea Glycine max Dianella Coffea obtecta Cordyline Citrus ×jambhiri Cenchrus purpureus Cenchrus clandestinus Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla NA Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Abutilon julianae Endl. Colocasia esculenta Host Proteaceae, Arecaceae Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Verbenaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.94 22/12/2012 24/02/2014 Convolvulaceae Malvaceae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.96 27/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 25/03/2014 Phormiaceae -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 Rubiaceae -29.01 167.94 11/07/2013 Asparagaceae -29.02 167.94 22/12/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.95 23/12/2012 Poaceae -29.01 167.94 25/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.94 26/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 -29.01 167.94 11/07/2013 Malvaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Pseudoscorpiones Chernetidae -29.01 167.95 23/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Arctiidae -29.03-29.05 167.94-29.02 167.98 26/05/2014 167.97 10/10/2014 NA 22/09/2013 NA Araceae NA NA Dermaptera Dermaptera Spongiphoridae Spongiphoridae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

122 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from base of grass, larvae present Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection from dead frond Hand collection from dead standing branches Hand collection from grass litter Hand collection from grasses, olive litter Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YYY YY YY Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection YY Y Hand collection YY YYY Hand collection Hand collection YY YY YY Y Y Hand collection YY YYY Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Beating Y Y Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Target ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target Bidens Coffea sp., sp., cuspidata cuspidata sp. species

Toona Toona Toona ciliata Toona sp. Rhopalostylis baueri Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. pilosa Physalis Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Musa Myoporum obscurum Medicago sativa Lantana camara Host Meliaceae, Rubiaceae Various, Various, Solanaceae, Asteraceae -29.03-29.02 167.99-29.01 167.96-29.01 22/12/2012 167.92-29.00 9/07/2013 167.95-29.02 Poaceae 26/11/2014 167.94 Unknown Various 26/12/2012 167.95-29.02 Poaceae 24/03/2014 Unknown Unknown-29.02 21/12/2012 167.96 Thysanoptera Poaceae 167.96 Unknown Poaceae Thysanoptera 26/11/2014 Unknown Phlaeothripidae 27/12/2012 Unknown Unknown Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Unknown Thysanoptera Arecaceae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Unknown Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Unknown Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 -29.03 167.93-29.02 22/12/2013-29.03 167.95 Unknown-29.02 167.93 22/11/2014-29.02 167.96 Unknown 22/12/2013 Unknown 167.96 25/11/2014 Unknown Thysanoptera 26/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Unknown Phlaeothripidae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Meliaceae -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Arecaceae -29.00 167.94 26/03/2014 Oleaceae, Poaceae -29.03 167.99-29.00 9/07/2013-29.03 167.94 NA 167.99 24/03/2014 9/07/2013 Poaceae, Oleaceae NA Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2014 Musaceae -29.01 167.94 22/10/2013 Scrophulariaceae -29.05 167.93 29/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.97 18/02/2014 Verbenaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 123 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from felled tree #6 (workers) Hand collection from felled tree #1 Hand collection from hydroponics Hand collection from old dead branch Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN YNN Y? Trapping Y Y Hand collection ? Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection NY NY N Y Hand collection N Y pan Yellow NN Y Y Hand collection Light trap NY N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Sweep net N Y Hand collection N Y Sweep net Y?? Y ? Hand collection ? Light trap Light trap YY Y Y Beating Hand collection YYY Y Hand collection from litter Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Mayr, (Mayr,

(Lucas, (Linnaeus, Gray, 1860 Gray, sp. species

Nylanderia obscura Nylanderia obscura Nylanderia obscura Nylanderia obscura Nylanderia obscura group Nylanderia obscura Nylanderia obscura 1862) Nylanderia obscura Nothorhaphium aemulans Nothorhaphium Nezara viridula aemulans Nothorhaphium 1922) (Becker, Nezara viridula Nezara viridula Nezara viridula Nezara viridula Nezara viridula 1758) Netelia Netelia Nezara viridula 1846) Nesticodes rufi pes Nesticodes rufi Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Nesothrips propinquus Target Nesothrips propinquus HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Araneae Theridiidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target L. Lactuca sp. sp. sp. sp., species

italica Howea Tropaeolum Coffea Crassocephalum crepidiodes (Benth.) S. Moore Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Ananas comosus Musa sativa Brassica oleracea var. Zea mays Solanum tuberosum Solanum melongena Nicandra physalodes Glycine max Citrus Araucaria heterophylla Vitis vinifera Vitis Host Musaceae, Asteraceae -29.02-29.05 167.96-29.02 167.97-29.01 25/05/2014 167.97 24/02/2014 167.93 Arecaceae 22/09/2013 Tropaeolaceae 13/06/2013 NA Rubiaceae Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.03 167.94 23/05/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.93 12/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.93 11/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Bromeliaceae -29.03-29.00 167.95 167.93 7/10/2014 26/12/2012 NA NA Diptera Dolichopodidae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.03-29.01 167.95-29.04 167.94 7/10/2014 167.99 24/02/2014 NA 23/05/2014 NA Rutaceae NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae -29.00-29.05 167.93 167.93 22/12/2013 24/09/2013 Thysanoptera Various Araucariaceae Phlaeothripidae -29.05 167.96 9/10/2014 Vitaceae -29.01 167.94 23/12/2012 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

124 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owering Hand collection from nest (larvae, pupae, workers, alates) Beating from fl plants Hand collection from ant nest under rock Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Sweep net N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection ? ? Hand collection from timber N Y Hand collection N Y Sweep net N Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Beating pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection from leaves NN Y Y Beating Hand collection N Y Sweep net in eucalypt forest NNY Y Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection Distant, (Mayr, (Mayr, (Forel, Bergroth, Bergroth, Shattuck, 1992 species

Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber 1862) Ochetellus Nysius vinitor Nysius vinitor Nysius vinitor 1891 Nysius caledoniae Nysius caledoniae Nysius caledoniae Nysius caledoniae Nysius caledoniae 1920 Nylanderia vaga Nylanderia vaga Nylanderia vaga Nylanderia vaga Nylanderia vaga Nylanderia vaga Nylanderia vaga Target Nylanderia vaga 1901) HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hemiptera Orsillidae Hemiptera Orsillidae Hemiptera Orsillidae Hemiptera Orsillidae Hemiptera Orsillidae HemipteraHemiptera Orsillidae Orsillidae Hemiptera Orsillidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target Hymenoptera Formicidae . sp sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Eucalyptus Cucumis sativus Cucumis sativus Cenchrus purpureus Carica papaya Bidens pilosa Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Cucumis sativus Medicago sativa Lantana camara Ananas comosus Musa Ocimum basilicum Lactuca sativa Conyza Cenchrus purpureus Vitis vinifera Vitis Ricinus communis Paspalum Coffea obtecta Cordyline Host -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.99 22/05/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Caricaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Verbenaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Bromeliaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.93 24/12/2012 24/12/2012 Musaceae Lamiaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Poaceae -29.03-29.04 167.94 167.99 10/10/2014 25/09/2013 Unknown Vitaceae Unknown Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.03 167.99 23/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.01 167.93 20/05/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.92 24/05/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 Asparagaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 125 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection from nursery seedlings Hand collection from sawn timber Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NNN YN Y Hand collection Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap in eucalypt forest Y ? Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating YYY Y Beating in eucalypt forest YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection from leaves NNY Y Beating N Y Hand collection NNN Y Y Y Hand collection Sweep net Hand collection from timber N Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) sp. sp. sp. Thor, 1913 Thor, Ehara, 1967 species

Omiodes diemenalis (Guenée, 1854) Onitis vanderkelleni 1886 Lansberge, Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Okiseius Odontoscirus harpax Odontoscirus harpax Atayeo, 1963 Odontoscirus Odontoscirus Odontoscirus Odontoscirus Octotoma scabripennis Octotoma scabripennis Guérin-Méneville, 1844 Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Ochetellus glaber Target Lepidoptera Crambidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Trombidiformes Bdellidae Trombidiformes Bdellidae Trombidiformes Bdellidae Trombidiformes Bdellidae Trombidiformes Bdellidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. var. var. sp. species

Phaseolus vulgaris Boehmeria australis Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Rhopalostylis baueri Araucaria heterophylla Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Araucaria heterophylla Lantana camara Lantana camara Ananas comosus Zea mays Vitis vinifera Vitis Solanum lycopersicum Musa Prunus persica persica Mangifera indica Lagunaria patersonia Host NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae 3/12/2014; 27/02/2014 -29.06-29.05 167.94-29.01 167.95 26/11/2014 167.93 12/10/2014 NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Urticaceae -29.015002 167.95 25/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.94 24/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Bdellidae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.93 21/05/2014 Myrtaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.93 12/10/2014 Verbenaceae -29.05 167.92 18/02/2014 Verbenaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Bromeliaceae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Poaceae -29.04 167.97 9/10/2014 Unknown Unknown Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Vitaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.00-29.03 167.93-29.04 167.97 20/02/2014 167.99 18/02/2014 Musaceae 25/09/2013 NA Rosaceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Malvaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

126 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan on bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Yellow pan near bananas Yellow Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Light trap Set 20.5.2014, collected 21.5.2014, eucalypt forest Hand collection from tyre with water Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN Y Y pan Yellow Sweep net in cattle pasture N Y pan Yellow N Y pan Yellow N Y Hand collection NY ? ? Beating Y Y Hand collection NY YNN NN Sweep net N Light trap N N Light trap in eucalypt forest Bucket light trap in orchard Light trap N Y Hand collection NY NY NNY YNY Light trap NNN YNY Y Y Light trap#4 Light trap #1 Light trap #2 Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Evans, (Cramer, (Cramer, Bradley, Bradley, Distant, 1918 species

Orosius argentatus Orosius argentatus Orosius Orosius argentatus Orosius Orosius argentatus Orosius Orosius argentatus Orosius Orosius argentatus Orosius Orosius argentatus argentatus Orosius 1938) Orosius Orosius Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Onthophagus nigriventris 1902 d’Orbigny, Ophiusa tirhaca 1777) Opogona psola 1956 Opogona psola Opogona psola Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Onitis vanderkelleni Target Onitis vanderkelleni Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Mesostigmata Macronyssidae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Target orderTarget family Target Lactuca sp. sp., species

Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Musa sativa Ipomoea batatas Cucurbita pepo Apium graveolens Physalis Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) Polygala myrtifolia Citrus ×aurantium Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae -29.01 167.92 21/05/2014 Poaceae Unknown Hemiptera Cicadellidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.01-29.01 167.95-29.00 167.93-29.05 23/05/2014 167.93Unknown 27/02/2014 167.95 NA Unknown 22/02/2014 NA 3/04/2014 20/02/2014 NA NA Phasianidae NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Tineidae Tineidae Tineidae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Polygalaceae -29.03 167.97 22/05/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae -29.05-29.02 167.92-29.01 167.94 1/12/2014 167.93 2/12/2014-29.04 NA 21/05/2014-29.00 NA 167.94 NA 167.93 19/02/2014 NA 20/02/2014 NA NA NA Rutaceae Coleoptera Coleoptera NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae -29.03-29.05 167.96-29.05 167.95 19/02/2014 167.93 20/02/2014 NA 26/11/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae -29.03 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 127 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY y trap y Hand collection from dead tree Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YN Y N Hand collection NNNY Y Y pan Yellow Hand collection N Y pan Yellow NN YN YN Hand collection Y LuciLure trap N Y Bezzilure trap N Y Bezzilure trap N YN Bezzilure trap N Y LuciLure trap Y Y LuciLure trap LuciLure trap Blowfl N Y pan near bananas Yellow YNY Y Hand collection NY NY N Y pan Yellow Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Miller, (Miller, Mound & species

Ozothrips janus Palmer, 1983 Palmer, Ozothrips janus Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia Oxysarcodexia varia Oxysarcodexia 1836) (Walker, 1822) Oxychilus alliarius Orosius argentatus Orosius argentatus Orosius Orosius argentatus Orosius Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae DipteraDiptera Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae Diptera Sarcophagidae Diptera Sarcophagidae Diptera Sarcophagidae Stylommatophora Zonitidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hemiptera Cicadellidae Target orderTarget family Target , italica Brassica , var. sp. sp. sp. species

Citrus Triticum Triticum Lagunaria patersonia Solanum melongena Ocimum basilicum Musa Ipomoea batatas Apium graveolens Araucaria heterophylla Zea mays oleracea Zea mays Host Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae Various, Various, Brassicaceae, Musaceae NANANA NANA NANA NA Diptera NA Diptera NA Sarcophagidae Diptera Sarcophagidae Diptera Sarcophagidae Diptera Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae Poaceae, Brassicaceae 24/06/2014; 02/07/2014 10/06/2014; 02/07/2014; 24/06/2014 17/07/2014; 02/07/2014 24/07/2014; 02/07/2014; 10/06/2014 2/07/2014; 29/05/2014; 2/06/2014 -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.03-29.04 167.99 167.99 21/02/2014 23 - 24/03/2014 Poaceae Various Diptera Sarcophagidae -29.05 167.92 28/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.06-29.05 167.96 -29.05 167.93 -29.03 167.97 167.93 -29.03-29.02 167.98 -29.01 167.97-29.01 167.92 2/06/2014 167.56 28/05/2014 NA 2/07/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Diptera Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Diptera Various Sarcophagidae -29.00-29.03 167.93 167.97 23/12/2012 7/10/2014 Hemiptera Various Araucariaceae Cicadellidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Poaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

128 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from fallen logs Light trap from eucalypt forest Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Hand collection from under bark of billets Hand collection from felled tree #1 Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Hand collection from sawn timber Hand collection from felled tree #5 Hand collection from felled tree #2 Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NY NNNY Y Y Light trap Light trap N Y Hand collection NNN NNN Hand collection N N Light trap Light trap NN NN NNN NN NN N Light trap NN N Light trap NN N Light trap N Light trap #1 N Light trap #3 N N N N Light trap Hand collection from timber Hand collection from timber NN NN NN Y N Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Schedl, (Lea, Iredale, (Hübner, (Hübner, Guenée, Simon, 1864 species

Panesthia cribrata Pantydia sparsa Pantydia sparsa Pantydia sparsa 1852 Panesthia cribrata Saussure, 1864 Pachyops insularis 1927) Palmatina quintali 1945 1796) Palpita unionalis Palpita unionalis Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli Pachycotes kuscheli 1972 Ozyptila Target Blattodea Blaberidae Blattodea Blaberidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Araneae Thomisidae Target orderTarget family Target species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Coprosma baueri Coprosma Host NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae 1/12/2014; 19/05/2017 -29.03-29.01 167.96 167.93 19/02/2014 27/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctuidae -29.04 167.94 28/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.05 167.92 24/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94-29.01-29.03 24/09/2013 167.95 167.97 Arecaceae 23/05/2014 7/10/2014 NA Unknown Araucariaceae Architaenioglossa NA Diplommatinidae Lepidoptera Crambidae -29.01 167.94 24/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Crambidae -29.05 167.92 17/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.01 167.96-29.03 167.92-29.03 19/02/2014 167.96-29.05 16/10/2014 167.96 NA 19/02/2014 167.93 NA 20/02/2014 NA-29.03 26/11/2014 NA-29.05 NA 167.96 NA-29.02 NA 167.92 NA 25/09/2013 167.93 NA 17/02/2014 Coleoptera NA NA 25/02/2014 Coleoptera Unknown Coleoptera Araucariaceae Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Unknown NA Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014 NA-29.05-29.03 167.92 NA 167.97 27/11/2014 Coleoptera NA Curculionidae NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.05 167.93 11/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 12/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 3/12/2014 Araucariaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 129 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY y trap y Hand collection from sawn timber Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Bucket light trap from orchard Hand collection from timber billets Collection method Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NNN Y Y Y Beating Hand collection from soil Hand collection from soil N Y Hand collection from timber Y ? Sweep net NY Y YYY Hand collection NNY Y pan Yellow NNN Y Y pan Yellow Y LuciLure trap Blowfl NN YNN YY Light trap Light trap N Sweep net NY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) NY NN Y Y pan Yellow pan Yellow NNY Y Hand collection Cross, Archer, 1946 Archer, vulpinus Guillebeau, cf. species

Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina Parasemus 1894 Parasteatoda Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina (Latreille, 1802) Parasaissetia nigra 1861) (Nietner, Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Pantydia sparsa Papuandra norfolkensis & Santos-Silva, Heffern Matsuda, 2010 Paralastor Pantydia sparsa Paracarophenax 1965 sp. nov.? Target Pantydia sparsa Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Parapalaeosepsis plebeia Parapalaeosepsis plebeia (De Meijere, 1906) Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Coleoptera Phalacridae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hemiptera Coccidae Diptera Sepsidae Diptera Sepsidae Target orderTarget family Target Diptera Sepsidae , ., Lactuca sp. sp. sp species

Carica papaya Araucaria heterophylla Cenchrus purpureus Araucaria heterophylla Ocimum basilicum Musa Solanum melongena Musa Musa sativa Host Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae NA NA Diptera Sepsidae Musaceae, Asteraceae 24/06/2014; 02/07/2014 -29.02-29.06 167.97 167.95 22/09/2013 27/09/2013 NA NA NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.04 167.96 9/10/2014 Caricaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Araneae Theridiidae -29.03 167.97 25/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.97 22/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Diptera Sepsidae -29.00 167.93-29.02 26/12/2012 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.06-29.03 167.96 167.93 2/07/2014 NA NA Diptera Sepsidae -29.05-29.03 167.95 167.97 20/02/2014-29.04 18/02/2014 NA 167.96 NA 26/11/2013 NA NA NA Lepidoptera NA Coleoptera Noctuidae Cerambycidae Hymenoptera Vespidae -29.03 167.97 22/05/2014-29.05 NA 167.92 24/05/2014 NA Poaceae Unknown Lepidoptera Trombidiformes Noctuidae Acarophenacidae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.93 24/12/2012 26/12/2012 Musaceae -29.02-29.00 167.93 167.93 24/10/2013 23 - 24/03/2014 Diptera Various Various Sepsidae Diptera Sepsidae -29.03 167.99 23/10/2013 Diptera Various Sepsidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

130 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers Hand collection in fl only Light trap among eucalypt forest Light trap among eucalypt forest Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NNN YN NN Reared in lab NN N Light trap Y N Light trap in eucalypt forest YY N Light trap 33 Y Light trap Light trap Sweep net NN Y Y Light trap Bucket light trap in orchard NNNY Y Y Beating Light trap NN Y Y Light trap Light trap YNNY Y Y Beating Bucket light trap Y Y Beating N Y pan Yellow NY Y N Hand collection Hand collection NNN Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection from timber Hand collection from timber Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Clerck, Bickel, species

Pectinophora scutigera Pentagonica atkinsoni Fauvel, 1882 Pentagonica atkinsoni Pentagonica atkinsoni Pentagonica atkinsoni Pentagonica atkinsoni Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, 1859 Pentalonia nigronervosa Pectinophora scutigera Pectinophora scutigera Pectinophora scutigera 1926) (Holdaway, Pectinophora scutigera Pectinophora scutigera Pasiphilodes testulata Pasiphilodes testulata Parthenothrips dracaenae Pasiphilodes testulata (Guenée, 1857) Pasiphilodes testulata Parthenothrips dracaenae 1854) (Heeger, Parentia vulgaris Parentia 1994 Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina paludicola Pardosa 1757) Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina longicornis Paratrechina Target longicornis Paratrechina Lepidoptera Gelechiidae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Diptera Dolichopodidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. Lactuca . sp. sp sp., species

Musa Musa Hibiscus insularis Lagunaria patersonia Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Cordyline Cordyline Musa sativa Araucaria heterophylla Host Musaceae, Asteraceae -29.01-29.01 167.92-29.03 167.93-29.03 16/10/2014 167.96-29.05 27/02/2014 167.97-29.00 NA 20/02/2014 167.95 NA-29.04 27/11/2014 167.93 NA 20/02/2014 167.99 NA 20/02/2014 NA NA 14/06/2013 NA Musaceae NA Musaceae NA Coleoptera NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Carabidae Coleoptera Carabidae Coleoptera Carabidae Carabidae Carabidae -29.00-29.03 167.93 167.94 22/02/2014 26/02/2014 NA Malvaceae NA Lepidoptera Gelechiidae -29.03 167.96 25/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Gelechiidae -29.04-29.01 167.94 167.93 28/02/2014 27/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Gelechiidae -29.03-29.00 167.96 167.94 19/02/2014 24/02/2014 NA Malvaceae NA Lepidoptera Geometridae -29.03 167.97 22/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Geometridae -29.03-29.01 167.96 167.93 20/02/2014 27/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Geometridae Geometridae -29.03 167.95 8/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03-29.00 167.95 167.93 21/09/2013 26/12/2012 NA NA Araneae Lycosidae -29.03-29.03 167.96-29.03 167.97 25/09/2013 167.97 18/02/2014 NA 7/10/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 NA NA Hymenoptera Formicidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 131 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from timber billets Hand collection from sawn timber Hand collection from under bark of billets Hand collection from felled tree #1 Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead branch on live tree Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Beating NY NY ?N Hand collection N ?Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Hand collection from timber ? Hand collection Hand collection and beating NNN N N N Light trap #3 Light trap Hand collection from timber NNNN N N Hand collection Light trap N N Hand collection NN NN N N Hand collection NN NNN N Hand collection from timber NN YYY Y pan Yellow Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Common, 1958 Westwood, 1841 Westwood, species

Pentasetacus Pentasetacus c.f c.f Pexicopia Pheidole Pentarthrum millingtoni Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) Periplaneta americana Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni Pentarthrum millingtoni 1888 Olliff, Pentamimus nepeanianus Pentamimus nepeanianus Pentamimus nepeanianus Pentamimus nepeanianus Pentamimus nepeanianus 1888) (Olliff, Pentalonia nigronervosa Pentalonia nigronervosa Target Pentalonia nigronervosa TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Eriophyidae Eriophyidae LepidopteraHymenoptera Gelechiidae Formicidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Target orderTarget family Target Hemiptera Aphididae , sp. species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Lagunaria patersonia Nicandra physalodes Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Ocimum basilicum Musa Host Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae -29.05-29.00 167.92-29.03 167.93 25/11/2014-29.03 167.97-29.12 24/11/2014 Araucariaceae 167.95-29.03 18/02/2014 167.95 Araucariaceae 25/02/2014 167.98 NA 14/10/2014 NA 22/05/2014 Malvaceae Solanaceae NA NA Blattodea Blattodea Blattidae Blattidae -29.03-29.03 167.97-29.05 167.96 27/11/2014 167.92 25/09/2013 NA 24/09/2013 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.03 167.96 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.05-29.03 167.92 167.97 19/05/2014 18/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 12/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.97 21/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93 25/02/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 23/09/2013 Unknown Unknown Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.03 167.96-29.05 25/09/2013 167.93 NA 14/06/2013 Araucariaceae NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.05 167.92 11/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.93 23/12/2012 Hemiptera Various Aphididae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

132 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from rotting fruit on ground Yellow pan on bare soil Yellow besider curcubits Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Beating YY Y Y Beating Hand collection NY Y Y Beating pan Yellow Y Y Ethanol wash N Y Beating NY Y Y Sweep net Hand collection N Y Hand collection NY NNN YN Y Y Hand collection Y Sweep net Hand collection from soil Hand collection NY ? ? Beating ? ? Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Smith, (Hering, vigilans cf. sp. species

Phytoseius rubiginosae Phytoseius rubiginosae Schicha,1984 Phytoseiulus persimilis Phytoseiulus persimilis Phytoseiulus persimilis Phytoseiulus persimilis Phytoseiulus persimilis Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, 1957 Phytoseiulus persimilis Phyllonorycter messaniella 1846) (Zeller, Phytoliriomyza pittosporocaulis 1962) Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead, 1879) Phrissogonus laticostata 1862) (Walker, Phlyctinus callosus Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius, 1775) Phlyctinus callosus 1826) (Schoenherr, Pheidole vigilans Pheidole vigilans Pheidole vigilans Pheidole vigilans Pheidole vigilans 1858) Pheidole vigilans Pheidole Pheidole Target Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae MesostigmataMesostigmata Phytoseiidae Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae MesostigmataMesostigmata Phytoseiidae Phytoseiidae Lepidoptera Gracillaridae Trombidiformes Eriophyidae Lepidoptera Geometridae ColeopteraColeoptera Curculionidae Cerambycidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Hymenoptera Formicidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Malus pumila Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Psidium guajava Zehneria baueriana Rosa Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Phaseolus vulgaris Ipomoea batatas Quercus Quercus Citrus ×aurantium Eucalyptus Lobularia maritima Polygala myrtifolia Malus pumila Musa Carica papaya Lactuca sativa Cucurbita pepo Ocimum basilicum Cenchrus purpureus Host Various DipteraVarious Agromyzidae 23/12/2012; 24/10/2013 -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.04-29.04 167.94 167.99 23/11/2014 23/05/2014 Hemerocallidaceae Myrtaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.04 167.96 4/12/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.05-29.03 167.97 167.92 21/02/2014 22/05/2014 Fabaceae Fabaceae -29.00-29.03 167.93 167.98 22/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Fagaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.01-29.06 167.93 167.97 26/02/2014 24/05/2014 Myrtaceae Brassicaceae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Polygalaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.00-29.06 167.93-29.12 167.95-29.00 20/02/2014 167.95 27/09/2013 167.93 Musaceae 15/10/2014 NA 24/09/2013 NA Caricaceae NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Lamiaceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Poaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 133 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables seedings pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y? N Hand collection Y? N Hand collection Y? N Hand collection Y? N Hand collection NNY Y pan Yellow NNY N YNY NY pan Yellow YN pan Yellow Y pan Yellow Y? YNNY ? Hand collection Y pan Yellow pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection YNN YN Y Hand collection Y Y Light trap Light trap Light trap #4 Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Forel, Smith, Shuckard, Shuckard, species Jurine, 1808

Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis alluaudi 1894 Plagiolepis alluaudi Pison westwoodii Pison westwoodii Pison Pison spinolae Pison westwoodii 1838 Pison westwoodii Pison westwoodii Pison westwoodii Pison westwoodii Pinnaspis strachani Pison marginatum 1856 Pison spinolae 1838 Pinnaspis strachani 1899) (Cooley, Pimelopus fi scheri Pimelopus fi Piezodorus oceanicus scheri Pimelopus fi 1860) (Montrouzier, scheri Pimelopus fi scheri Pimelopus fi Piezodorus oceanicus 1864) (Montrouzier, Target Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hymenoptera Crabronidae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Target orderTarget family Target , sp. species

Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Fragaria ×ananassa Cenchrus purpureus Solanum lycopersicum Ocimum basilicum Musa Solanum melongena Cucurbita pepo Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Citrus ×aurantium Glycine max Solanum tuberosum Host Various HymenopteraVarious Crabronidae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae 23/12/2012; 27/02/2014 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.04 167.97 26/05/2014 Rosaceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Hymenoptera Crabronidae -29.03 167.99-29.00 22 - 23/03/2014 167.93 Various -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Hymenoptera Solanaceae Crabronidae -29.02 167.96-29.00 26/03/2014-29.00 167.93 Hymenoptera Various 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Crabronidae 26/12/2012 Hymenoptera Crabronidae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 167.99 23/10/2013 23/10/2013 Hymenoptera Various Hymenoptera Various Crabronidae Crabronidae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.05-29.03 167.92-29.03 167.95-29.00 19/05/2014 167.96 7/10/2014 167.93 NA 23/02/2014 NA 20/02/2014 NA Rutaceae NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

134 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from leaf litter Light trap among Norfolk Island pines Hand collection from tree felled 10 months prior Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYY Y Hand collection YY YY YY YY N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Beating NN N Y Light trap #1 Light trap ?NN ? Light trap YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y?Y?Y? NY? N N Beating N Beating Hand collection Y? N Hand collection and beating Y? N Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Risso, Hood, 1908 Hübner, 1825 Hübner, species

Plectrothrips australis Plectrothrips Plectrothrips sp. nov. Plectrothrips australis Plectrothrips Okajama, 1981 Plectrothrips australis Plectrothrips australis Plectrothrips australis Plectrothrips Plautia brunnipennis Plautia brunnipennis Plautia brunnipennis Plautia brunnipennis 1861) (Montrouzier, Platypus norfolkensis Platypus norfolkensis Schedl, 1972 Platylister sulcisternus (Lewis, 1900) Platyptilia Platylister sulcisternus Planococcus citri Planococcus citri 1813) Planococcus citri Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis alluaudi Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Coleoptera Histeridae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. Boehm. species

Lagunaria patersonia Toona ciliata Toona Coprosma baueri Coprosma Solanum tuberosum Prunus persica persica Araucaria heterophylla Fragaria ×ananassa Solanum melongena Zingiber Rosmarinus cinalis offi Solanum mauritianum Punica granatum Psidium guajava Host Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae 28/11/2014; 28/11/2014; 2*/11/2014 -29.02 167.96 25/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02-29.02 167.96-29.02 167.95 26/11/2014-29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Unknown 167.96 Unknown 29/11/2014 Unknown Malvaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Meliaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.05-29.057 167.95 167.94 20/02/2014 11/10/2014 NA Rosaceae NA Hemiptera Pentatomidae -29.03 167.96 19/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.02 167.94 2/12/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Pterophoridae -29.03 167.9 25/09/2013 NA NA Coleoptera Histeridae -29.02 167.96 13/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.97 26/05/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 Lamiaceae -29.06-29.00 167.97-29.04 167.93 25/05/2014 167.99 27/02/2014 Unknown 23 - 24/03/2014 Zingiberaceae Various Unknown Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Lythraceae -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Myrtaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 135 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables Hand collection from leaf bases Hand collection from grasses, olive litter Hand collection from leaf bases Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NNNY Y Y Hand collection Light trap in eucalypt forest NY YYY ? ?Y ? LuciLure trap LuciLure trap Y ? LuciLure trap Y ? LuciLure trap NY ? LuciLure trap LuciLure trap N Y Observation N Y Hand collection (larvae) N Y Sweep net ? ? Beating YY ? Y Beating dead leaves Hand collection YY YY YYY Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Duda, 1925 sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Schrank, 1802 species

Polistes chinensis Polistes chinensis Polistes chinensis Polistes chinensis Poecilosomella Poecilosomella Poecilosomella Poecilosomella Poecilosomella Polistes chinensis (Fabricius, 1793) Poecilosomella Plutella xylostella Plutella xylostella Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) Plutella Plodia interpunctella 1813) (Hübner, Pleuronectocelaeno Pleuronectocelaeno 1926 Vitzthum, Plesiothrips perplexus (Beach, 1897) Plesiothrips perplexus Plesiothrips perplexus Plesiothrips perplexus Target Hymenoptera Vespidae Lepidoptera Plutellidae Lepidoptera Plutellidae Lepidoptera Plutellidae Lepidoptera Plutellidae Mesostigmata Celaenopsidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. ? cuspidata species

capitata capitata capitata italica Foeniculum vulgare Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Trifolium Freycinetia banksia Cenchrus clandestinus Host NANA NANA NANA Diptera NA HymenopteraVarious Diptera Vespidae NA Sphaeroceridae Diptera Sphaeroceridae Diptera Sphaeroceridae Sphaeroceridae 2/07/2014; 24/07/2014 2/07/2014; 12/06/2014; 17/07/2014 2/07/2014; 12/06/2014; 17/07/2014; 10/06/2014 28/05/2014; 10/06/2014; 24/06/2014 24/10/2013; 27/02/2014 -29.01-29.03 167.93 167.99 3/12/2014 22 - 23/03/2014 NA Various NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Vespidae Vespidae -29.00-29.04 167.93 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various 18/02/2014 Apiaceae Hymenoptera Vespidae -29.06-29.03 167.96-29.03 167.93 12/06/2014 167.98 -29.02 NA 167.97 -29.01-29.00 NA 167.92 167.93 Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.06 167.95 2/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Sphaeroceridae -29.06 167.94 22/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03-29.03 167.95 167.98 25/02/2014 21/05/2014 NA Brassicaceae NA Lepidoptera Pyralidae -29.00-29.03 167.94 167.99-29.01 24/03/2014 22/10/2013 167.94 Poaceae, Oleaceae Poaceae, Fabaceae 24/12/2012 Pandanaceae -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Poaceae Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.00 167.93 23/03/2014 Poaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

136 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead branch and moss Hand collection from dead branches Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN NN NN N N Hand collection from litter YN YN NYY YY Y Hand collection Y Hand collection from soil Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?)

Latreille, Bagnall, 1926 sp. nov. . species

Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni (Mound, 1974) Priesneria sp. nov Priesneria Porcellionides pruinosus Porcellionides (Brandt, 1833) pruinosus Porcellionides sexfasciatus Porcellionides (Brandt, 1833) 1804 Polyphagotarsonemus latus laevis Porcellio Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. var. species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Lagunaria patersonia Capsicum annuum Solanum lycopersicum Pyrus communis Prunus persica persica Prunus persica nucipersica Persea americana Passifl ora edulis Passifl Mangifera indica Malus pumila Ficus carica Citrus ×aurantium Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Host oraceae Solanaceae 12/06/2013; 24/09/2013 -29.02 167.92 25/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01-29.04 167.94 167.99 30/11/2014 24/11/2014 Unknown Araucariaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.02-29.04 167.97-29.04 167.94-29.02 22/09/2013 167.94 18/05/2014 167.96 NA 23/09/2013 NA 26/11/2014 NA Malvaceae NA NA NA Isopoda Isopoda Isopoda Porcellionidae Porcellionidae Porcellionidae -29.06 167.96 25/05/2014 Unknown Unknown Isopoda Porcellionidae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.95 26/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.98 27/11/2014 Lauraceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Passifl -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Moraceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.95 26/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 137 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from grass litter Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Hand collection from leaf litter Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection YY ?Y? ? Ethanol wash Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Hand collection YNN NN YN Beating Y pan Yellow Y pan Yellow Y Hand collection Light trap NN NN NN NN N N Hand collection from lichens NN N N Hand collection, berlesate Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Mound . Muma, Berlese, 1923 Priesner, 1932 Priesner, sp. nov species

Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Pseudaulacaspis pentagona 1886) (Targioni, Pronematus ubiquitus Pronematus 1932 McGregor, Proprioseiopsis 1961 Psalidothrips sp. nov. Psalidothrips & Walker, 1986 & Walker, Psalidothrips taylori Proctolaelaps Proctolaelaps Psalidothrips taylori Primagistemus loadmani 1967) (Wood, biroi Primeuchroeus 1899) (Mocsáry, biroi Primeuchroeus alani Procecidochares 1974 Steyskaly, alani Procecidochares Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Priesneriana uptoni Target Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae TrombidiformesMesostigmata Tydeidae Thysanoptera Phytoseiidae Phlaeothripidae Mesostigmata Melicharidae TrombidiformesHymenoptera Stigmaeidae Chrysididae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. var. sp. cuspidata sp. species

Prunus persica persica Prunus persica nucipersica Triticum Triticum Olea europaea subsp. Mangifera indica Carica papaya Musa Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Grevillea robusta Grevillea Elaeodendron Elaeodendron curtipendulum Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host Araucariaceae, Proteaceae Araucariaceae 22/12/2013; 22/03/2014; 21/10/2013; 26/10/2013 -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99 167.94 21/02/2014 26/03/2014 Poaceae Oleaceae, Poaceae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.04 167.98 27/11/2014-29.00 Caricaceae 167.94 24/03/2014 Poaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03-29.02 167.99Unknown 167.96-29.03 Unknown 24/12/2012-29.00 9/06/2013 26/03/2014 167.96 Musaceae 167.94 Hymenoptera Various Unknown 25/05/2014 24/02/2014 Chrysididae NA Unknown Araucariaceae Diptera NA Tephritidae Diptera Tephritidae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02-29.02 167.95-29.02 167.96 21/12/2013 167.96 26/11/2014 Unknown 23/10/2013 Unknown Araucariaceae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.05 167.93 25/12/2013 -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 Celastraceae -29.02 167.96 24/10/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

138 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Hand collection (crawler and nymphs) Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y pan Yellow YYY ? pan Yellow Y ? pan Yellow YY N Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection NY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Beating N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection ? ? Hand collection (nymphs) N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Hendel, Menzel & Westwood, Westwood, sp. nov.

species

Pseudonapomyza spinosa Pseudonapomyza spinosa 1973 Spencer, 1920 Pseudonapomyza Pseudolycoriella Mohrig Pseudococcus viburni Pseudocyclodinus strictus (Erichson, 1842) Pseudococcus viburni Pseudococcus viburni Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret, 1875) Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus longispinus 1867) Tozzetti, (Targioni Pseudococcus 1840 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Target Diptera Agromyzidae Diptera Sciaridae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae HemipteraHemiptera Pseudococcidae Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Hemiptera Diaspididae Target orderTarget family Target

var. var. . sp species

Apium graveolens Araucaria heterophylla Cirsium vulgare Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Solanum melongena Coffea Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Citrus ×aurantium Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Solanum melongena Phormium tenax Lantana camara Lagunaria patersonia Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Colocasia esculenta Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Vitis vinifera Vitis Solanum melongena Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Host Various, Apiaceae, Various, Brassicaceae -29.00 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Diptera Agromyzidae -29.03 167.99 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Diptera Agromyzidae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.01 167.95 25/12/2012 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Coleoptera Anthicidae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.01-29.05 167.93 167.96 13/06/2013 9/10/2014 Rubiaceae Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Hemerocallidaceae -29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 Verbenaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Asparagaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Araceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Vitaceae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.01 167.94 23/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Rosaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 139 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetables Light trap Set 25.5.2014, collected 26.5.2014 pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among vegetable Yellow seedlings Yellow pan on bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN Y Y Sweep net pan Yellow N Y Beating N Y Beating NN Y Y pan Yellow pan Yellow N Y Hand collection N Y Sweep net N Y Hand collection leaf damage N Y Hand collection NY NY NY NY NY NY NY YYY YYY Y Y pan Yellow Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Bezzilure trap YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Pseudorhynchus lessonii Pseudorhynchus Audinet-Serville, 1838 Psylliodes brettinghami 1862 Baly, Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Pseudonapomyza spinosa Pseudonapomyza spinosa Pseudonapomyza spinosa Pseudonapomyza spinosa Pseudonapomyza spinosa Pseudonapomyza spinosa Target ColeopteraColeoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae ColeopteraColeoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae DipteraDiptera Agromyzidae Agromyzidae Diptera Agromyzidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. Lactuca sp. sp. sp., species

capitata Ocimum basilicum, Musa Nicandra physalodes Nicandra physalodes Nephrolepis Nephrolepis Nicandra physalodes Musa sativa Glycine max Cucurbita maxima Capsicum annuum Triticum Triticum Brassica oleracea var. Solanum melongena Cucurbita pepo Host Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Musaceae, Asteraceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.01-29.06 167.95 167.94 25/12/2012 11/10/2014 Lomariopsidaceae Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.04 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03-29.03 167.94-29.03 167.99 26/05/2014-29.00 167.99 23/10/2013-29.00 NA 167.93 22 - 23/03/2014-29.00 Coleoptera Various 167.93 Various 24/10/2013-29.00 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014-29.05 Chrysomelidae Coleoptera NA Various 167.93 Various 27/02/2014 167.94 23/12/2012 Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Various 22/09/2013 Coleoptera Various Orthoptera Chrysomelidae Brassicaceae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Tettigoniidae Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.03 167.94 21/02/2014 167.99 19/02/2014 Poaceae 22 - 23/03/2014 Poaceae Various Unknown Diptera Diptera Agromyzidae Agromyzidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.06 167.97 24/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Agromyzidae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

140 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owering plant owering Light trap in Norfolk Island pines Hand collection from sawn timber Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli pan among various Yellow vegetables Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Beating fl NNN NN YNY Beating YN Y Light trap N Light trap Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Y Light trap Light trap NN NY YYY ?Y ?Y ? Light trap Y ? Light trap Y ? Light trap ? Light trap ? Light trap in eucalypt forest Bucket light trap in orchard Light trap NY N Y pan Yellow N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Beating N Y pan Yellow N Y Beating N Y Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Bradley, Bradley, Meyrick, 1882 sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Remaudiereana inornata Remaudiereana Pyroderces anoista Pyroderces 1956 inornata Remaudiereana 1872) (Walker, inornata Remaudiereana inornata Remaudiereana inornata Remaudiereana inornata Remaudiereana Remaudiereana inornata Remaudiereana Pycnoscelus indicus (Fabricius, 1775) Ptochostola Ptochostola Ptochostola Ptochostola Ptochostola Ptochostola Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Ptochostola Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Psylliodes brettinghami Target Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Lepidoptera Cosmopterigidae Blattodea Blaberidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Target orderTarget family Target italica Brassica , var. species

Ocimum basilicum Lagunaria patersonia Araucaria heterophylla Zea mays oleracea Zea mays Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum mauritianum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Host Poaceae, Brassicaceae -29.05-29.03 167.95-29.01 167.95-29.02 20/02/2014 167.93 7/10/2014 167.94 NA-29.03 3/12/2014-29.00 NA 2/12/2014 167.97 NA 167.93 NA 28/11/2014 NA 24/12/2012 NA NA NA Lamiaceae NA Hemiptera Hemiptera NA Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Rhyparochromidae Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Rhyparochromidae -29.03 167.97 27/11/2014 NA NA Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Malvaceae -29.05-29.03 167.93-29.03 167.96-29.01 19/05/2014 167.96-29.00 19/02/2014 167.93-29.03 NA 23/02/2014 167.93-29.03 NA 27/02/2014 167.97 NA 22/02/2014 167.97 NA 22/05/2014 NA NA 21/05/2014 NA NA NA Araucariaceae NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Crambidae Crambidae -29.04-29.05 167.99 167.95 23 - 24/03/2014 Various 20/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Lepidoptera Chrysomelidae Crambidae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Poaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 141 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetable seedlings Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Ethanol wash NNN Y Hand collection N Y Sweep net N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Beating N Y Hand collection YYY Y? Beating ? Beating Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Y Y pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection NNYN YY Y Hand collection Light trap Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Sykes, (Broun, (Linnaeus, Den Heyer, Den Heyer, Stephens, 1829 species

Rubroscirus Rubroscirus 1979 Rhyzobius fagus Roybellia platysoma 1900) Rhyzobius fagus Rhyzobius fagus Rhyzobius fagus Rhyzobius fagus Rhyzobius fagus Rhyzobius fagus Rhyzobius fagus 1880) Rhopalosiphum padi Rhopalosiphum abdominale rufi 1758) Rhyzobius Rhopalosiphum padi Rhopalosiphum padi Rhopalosiphum padi Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhopalosiphum maidis Rhopalosiphum maidis Rhopalosiphum maidis Remaudiereana inornata Remaudiereana inornata Remaudiereana Rhizoglyphus minutus Manson, 1972 Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) Target Trombidiformes Cunaxidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae ColeopteraColeoptera Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Hemiptera Aphididae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target

var. italica Brassica Lactuca , var. sp. sp. sp. sp., species

Araucaria heterophylla Citrus ×aurantium Schinus terebinthifolius Prunus persica persica Lagunaria patersonia Citrus obtecta Cordyline Citrus ×aurantium Morus Citrus ×aurantium Lactuca sativa Zea mays Zea mays Zea mays Musa sativa Cenchrus purpureus Zea mays oleracea Triticum Triticum Zea mays Solanum lycopersicum Host Musaceae, Asteraceae Poaceae, Brassicaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Stylommatophora Microcystidae -29.05 167.92 25/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.04-29.04 167.99 167.94 22/05/2014 23/09/2013 Rutaceae Asparagaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Moraceae -29.00 167.93-29.03 23/12/2012 167.94 Hemiptera Various 19/02/2014 Aphididae Rutaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 13/06/2013 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 26/12/2012 -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.06-29.01 167.94 167.94-29.03 26/11/2014 24/09/2013 167.93 NA Arecaceae 19/02/2014 Poaceae Unknown NA Sarcoptiformes Hemiptera Acaridae Rhyparochromidae -29.03 167.93 28/11/2014 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

142 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY y trap y Hand collection from terminal branches Hand collection from terminal branches Hand collection from terminal leaves Hand collection from terminal leaves Hand collection from terminal leaves Hand collection from terminal leaves Bucket light trap among citrus and avocado trees Hand collection and trapping around potting mix Yellow pan among various Yellow vegetable seedlings Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YN YN YN YN YN YN NYY N YYN pan Yellow Y N Hand collection ? Hand collection NN YN Y LuciLure trap Y LuciLure trap Blowfl NNNY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NNN Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Prout, (Walker, (Walker, Melichar, Melichar, Oudemans, 1916 species

Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips araucariae 2015 Wells, Mound & Sardia rostrata rostrata Sardia 1903 Sauris curvicosta 1928 Scatella septempunctata Malloch, 1933 Schwiebea Sarcophaga peregrina peregrina Sarcophaga Sarcophaga peregrina Sarcophaga peregrina Sarcophaga Sarcophaga peregrina Sarcophaga Saissetia coffeae Saissetia coffeae peregrina Sarcophaga 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, Saissetia coffeae Saissetia coffeae Saissetia coffeae 1852) Saissetia coffeae Saissetia coffeae Saisettia coffeae Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Lepidoptera Geometridae Sarcoptiformes Acaridae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae HemipteraHemiptera Coccidae Coccidae Hemiptera Coccidae Target orderTarget family Target L. sp.

sp. sp. species

Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Howea Various Araucaria heterophylla Solanum melongena Plumeria rubra Meryta angustifolia Coffea Coffea Fragaria ×ananassa Asplenium Host NA NA Diptera Sarcophagidae 12/06/2014; 24/06/2014; 17/07/2014 -29.01 167.94 25/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 21/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.95 21/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96-29.05 25/05/2014 167.93 Arecaceae 20/06/2013 Various -29.00 167.93-29.04 167.97 21/02/2014 2/12/2014-29.02 NA NA 167.95 21/03/2014 NA NA Araucariaceae Hemiptera Diptera Delphacidae Ephydridae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Diptera Sarcophagidae -29.03-29.02 167.98 167.97 2/07/2014 NA NA Diptera Sarcophagidae -29.06 167.96 12/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Sarcophagidae -29.02-29.00 167.93 167.93 26/05/2014 23/12/2012 Oleaceae? Diptera Various Unknown Sarcophagidae Hemiptera Coccidae -29.02 167.96 10/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.95 11/06/2013 Apocynaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Araliaceae -29.06-29.01 167.94-29.04 167.93 11/10/2014 167.97 26/09/2013 Rubiaceae 26/05/2014 Rubiaceae Rosaceae -29.06 167.96 24/05/2014 Aspleniaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 143 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers and grasses Hand collection from leaves, fl Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from young leaves Beating Beating Collection method Y Y Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYY N YN Hand collection N Y Y Light trap #4 Y Light trap Light trap in eucalypt forest Y Y Beating Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Y Hand collection from leaves YN Y Hand collection Y N Hand collection from leaves Y N Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YN Y YN YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Walker, (Walker, species

Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips inermis Scopula optivata Scopula optivata Scolypopa australis 1851) (Walker, 1861) Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips inermis 1933 Priesner, Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips inermis Scirtothrips araucariae Scirtothrips inermis Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target . . . .

var. var. var var var var sp., var. , sp. . sp. sp sp. species

Vitex trifolia Vitex Solanum tuberosum Solanum lycopersicum Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Carica papaya Prunus persica persica Araucaria heterophylla Metrosideros Metrosideros Ipomoea Prunus persica persica Araucaria heterophylla Cordyline aggregatum Araucaria heterophylla Morus Citrus Pisum sativum, Allium cepa Araucaria heterophylla Host Rosaceae Myrtaceae, Convolvulaceae Araucariaceae, Asparagaceae Rutaceae Fabaceae, Alliaceae, various 25/12/2013; 21/03/2014 24/12/2013; 25/12/2013; 24/03/2014 -29.04 167.96-29.05 21/12/2013-29.01 167.95 Thysanoptera Various 167.93 20/02/2014 27/02/2014 Thripidae NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Geometridae Geometridae -29.03 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA Hemiptera Ricaniidae -29.04 167.94 21/11/2014 Lamiaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.02 167.95 -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.04 167.96 22/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.05 167.98 24/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96 27/12/2012 -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.03 167.94 23/11/2014 -29.00 167.94 24/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 22/05/2014 Moraceae -29.04 167.99 -29.04 167.96 26/03/2014 -29.02 167.96 26/03/2014 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

144 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Collection method Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Beating ? ? Hand collection ? ? Sweep net ?? ? ? Sweep net Beating ? ? Beating leaves ? ? Beating ? ? Beating YY N Beating Y Ethanol wash NNN Y Y Y Bucket light trap in orchard Light trap Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ? ? Hand collection ? ? Hand collection ? ? Beating YN ? ? Beating NN Y Y Culicoides trap pan in orchard Yellow Y? N ? pan Yellow pan Yellow ? ? Beating Den Brunetti, Mulsant, sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Stephens, 1829 Den Heyer, 1979 Den Heyer, sp. sp. sp. Kugelann, 1794 sp. species Fallén, 1810

Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Scutopalus Sericoderus Scymnus Scymnus Scutopalus Scutopalus latisetosus 1979 Heyer, Scymnus Scopula optivata Scopula optivata Target Scopula optivata Sericoderus Scymnus Sepsis dissimilis 1909 Sepsis Sepsis dissimilis 1850 Scymnus loewii Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae ColeopteraColeoptera Corylophidae Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Trombidiformes Cunaxidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae TrombidiformesColeoptera Cunaxidae Coccinellidae Target orderTarget family Target Coleoptera Corylophidae Diptera Sepsidae ,

var. sp. sp. sp. species

italica Lactuca sativa Fragaria ×ananassa Citrus obtecta Cordyline Cenchrus purpureus Carica papaya Carica papaya Citrus Terminalia catappa Terminalia Brassica oleracea var. Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Coprosma baueri Coprosma Citrus ×aurantium Host Araucaria heterophylla Ocimum basilicum Musa Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.04 167.97 26/05/2014 Rosaceae -29.05-29.03 167.96 167.94 9/10/2014 24/05/2014 Rutaceae Asparagaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Caricaceae -29.04 167.96 9/10/2014 Caricaceae -29.01 167.94-29.04 24/09/2013 167.99 Arecaceae 22/05/2014 Rutaceae Unknown Trombidiformes Cunaxidae -29.03-29.05 167.97-29.06 167.95 22/05/2014 167.94 20/02/2014 NA 11/10/2014 NA Combretaceae NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Geometridae Geometridae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Geometridae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Brassicaceae -29.06 167.97 25/05/2014 Unknown Unknown Coleoptera Coccinellidae -29.01 167.95 25/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.13 167.95 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.02-29.00 167.96 167.94 26/03/2014 24/02/2014 Various Araucariaceae Diptera Sepsidae -29.00-29.02 167.93 167.97 26/12/2012 24/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Sepsidae -29.03 167.99 22 - 23/03/2014 Various Coleoptera Coccinellidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 145 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY trap Set 12.10.14, trap Set trap Set trap Set trap Set 7.10.14, Culicoides collected 16.10.2014 Culicoides 21.5.2014, collected 24.5.2014 Culicoides 21.5.2014, collected 24.5.2014 Culicoides 24.5.2014, collected 27.5.2014 Culicoides collected 11.10.14 Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) ? ? Beating ? ? Beating ? ? Beating ? ? Beating ? ? Beating ? ? Hand collection ? ? Beating ? ? Hand collection ? ? Beating ? ? Sweep net in eucalypt forest ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? Sweep net and beating ? ? Beating ?? ? Light trap ? Culicoides trap Culicoides trap Light trap #3 ? ? Beating ? ? Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?)

sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Sericoderus Target Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae ColeopteraColeoptera Corylophidae Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Target orderTarget family Target

f. sp. sp. species

Solanum mauritianum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Ricinus communis Psidium guajava Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris Persea americana Passifl ora edulis Passifl avicarpa fl Morus Paspalum Mangifera indica Macadamia integrifolia Lagunaria patersonia Host oraceae Fabaceae 14/06/2013; 20/02/2014 -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 23/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.99 -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Lauraceae -29.03 167.9 22/05/2014 Passifl -29.05 167.95-29.02 24/05/2014 167.97-29.05 NA-29.05 24/05/2014 167.93-29.01 167.92 NA 24/05/2014 167.93 NA 7/10/2014 NA 20/05/2014 NA NA Poaceae Coleoptera NA NA Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Corylophidae -29.04-29.03 167.99-29.02 167.95-29.02 22/05/2014 167.97-29.03 7/10/2014 167.92-29.00 Moraceae 24/02/2014 167.96 NA 12/10/2014 167.94 NA 20/02/2014 NA 12/10/2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA Coleoptera NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Corylophidae Corylophidae -29.04 167.97 9/10/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Proteaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Malvaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

146 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead standing branches Hand collection from dead branch and moss Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead tree Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli Beating grape vine growing over citrus Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YN YN YN YN YYN Y Sweep net YY YY Y Y pan Yellow Hand collection YY YY Y Hand collection Y pan Yellow pan Yellow YYY ? ? Y Sweep net in eucalypt forest Hand collection Hand collection N Y Beating YN YN Y Hand collection N Bucket light trap in orchard Light trap in eucalypt forest N Y Beating N Y Beating ??N ? ? Y Beating pan Yellow Hand collection ?? ? ? Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (L.Koch, (Linnaeus, (Walker, (Walker, sp. sp. sp. sp. Mordvilko, 1914 sp. species

Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sogatella kolophon Sophiothrips martinae 2014 Tree, Mound & Sogatella kolophon Sogatella kolophon Sogatella kolophon Sogatella kolophon 1907) (Kirkaldy, Sogatella kolophon Sogatella kolophon Sitobion Sitobion Sitophilus oryzae 1763) Siphanta acuta 1851) Sidymella longipes 1874) Simplicia caeneusalis 1859) (Walker, Simulium norfolkense Dumbleton, 1969 Sericotrogus subaenescens Sericotrogus Sericotrogus subaenescens Sericotrogus Sericoderus Sericoderus subaenescens Sericotrogus 1873 Wollaston, Sericoderus Target Sericoderus Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae HemipteraThysanoptera Delphacidae Phlaeothripidae Hemiptera Delphacidae HemipteraHemiptera Delphacidae Delphacidae HemipteraHemiptera Delphacidae Hemiptera Delphacidae Delphacidae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae Hemiptera Flatidae Araneae Thomisidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae ColeopteraColeoptera Corylophidae Curculionidae Coleoptera Corylophidae Target orderTarget family Target

italica var. sp. Brassica sp. , var. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Myoporum obscurum Lagunaria patersonia Citrus Grevillea robusta Grevillea Ananas comosus Triticum Triticum Zea mays oleracea Musa Ocimum basilicum, Musa Solanum melongena Triticum Triticum Lactuca sativa Paspalum Solanum melongena Araucaria heterophylla Phormium tenax Eucalyptus Medicago sativa Yucca aloifolia Yucca Vitis vinifera Vitis Host Araucariaceae, Proteaceae Poaceae, Brassicaceae Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Musaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.94 22/10/2013 Scrophulariaceae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.94 30/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.05 167.92 25/12/2013 -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Bromeliaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99 167.99 21/02/2014 23/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99-29.03 167.93 24/12/2012 167.99 26/12/2012 Musaceae 23/12/2012 -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.00 167.95 21/02/2014 167.93 25/02/2014 Poaceae 20/02/2014 NA Asteraceae NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.01 167.93 20/05/2014 Poaceae -29.00-29.01 167.93-29.03 167.93 22/02/2014 167.98 27/02/2014 NA 25/09/2013 NA Solanaceae NA NA Lepidoptera Diptera Herminiidae Simuliidae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.00 167.94 24/02/2014 Hemerocallidaceae -29.00-29.01 167.93-29.05 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 167.93 Various 26/02/2014 12/07/2013 Myrtaceae Fabaceae Coleoptera Corylophidae -29.05 167.98 24/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Vitaceae -29.05 167.92 24/05/2014 Poaceae Unknown Coleoptera Corylophidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 147 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables pan among various Yellow vegetables seedlings Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYYY Y? Y Hand collection Hand collection ? Bezzilure trap Y Y Sweep net Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection YYY YYY YYY Y Hand collection pan Yellow pan Yellow YN YN YN YYN YN NYN Hand collection Y N Hand collection YYY NYN N N Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Schnabl, 1911 species

Spilogona Sphaerophoria macrogaster Sphaerophoria macrogaster Sphaerophoria macrogaster Sphaerophoria Sphaerophoria macrogaster Sphaerophoria Sphaerophoria macrogaster Sphaerophoria Sphaerophoria macrogaster Sphaerophoria Spathulina acroleuca Spathulina acroleuca 1868) (Schiner, Spathulina acroleuca Spathulina acroleuca macrogaster Sphaerophoria (Thomson, 1869) Sphaerophoria macrogaster Sphaerophoria Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Sophiothrips martinae Target Sophiothrips martinae DipteraDiptera Syrphidae Syrphidae Diptera Syrphidae Diptera Syrphidae Diptera Syrphidae DipteraDiptera Tephritidae Tephritidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. species

capitata Triticum Triticum Medicago sativa Ipomoea batatas Daucus carota Musa Brassica oleracea var. Lagunaria patersonia Citrus ×jambhiri Host Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae 22/11/2014; 22/11/2014; 30/11/2014 25/12/2012; 26/12/2012 -29.06 167.96 17/07/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.03-29.04 167.99 167.99 21/02/2014 23/10/2013 Poaceae Diptera Various Syrphidae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.03-29.00 167.99-29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Musaceae Various 24/10/2013 Diptera Various Syrphidae Diptera Tephritidae -29.00-29.05 167.93 167.94 23/12/2012 22/09/2013 Diptera Various Brassicaceae Syrphidae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013-29.02 Unknown 167.94 Unknown 22/12/2013 Rutaceae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01-29.01 167.95 -29.02 167.94 167.95-29.01 30/11/2014 22/11/2014-29.01 167.94 Unknown-29.01 Unknown 167.95 30/11/2014 167.94 Unknown 30/11/2014 Unknown Unknown 22/10/2013 Unknown Thysanoptera Arecaceae Various, Unknown Thysanoptera Unknown Phlaeothripidae Unknown Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.03-29.01 167.93-29.03 167.94 22/12/2013 167.94 23/12/2012 Unknown 27/03/2014 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.95 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

148 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY y trap y y trap y Hand collection from tree felled 10 months prior Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NNN YN YN Hand collection (larva) YN Y Light trap N Y Light trap Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap Hand collection (eggs) N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Beating NNN Y Y Y Light trap Light trap Bucket light trap in orchard NN ??? ?Y ?Y ? Bucket light trap Y Light trap #4 ? Light trap #3 Hand collection from soil Hand collection ?? ? ? LuciLure trap Blowfl Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ??? ?? ?? ? LuciLure trap ? Bezzilure trap ? Bezzilure trap Bezzilure trap Blowfl (Baker Thor, 1930 Thor, sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833) Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) Spinibdella Spirancinea norfolkensis (Sykes, 1900) Spilogona Spilogona Spilogona Spinibdella cronini & Balock, 1944) Spilogona Spilogona Target Spilogona Spilogona Spilogona Spilogona Spilogona Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae TrombidiformesStylommatophora Bdellidae Succineidae Target orderTarget family Target species

italica Brassica oleracea var. Solanum tuberosum Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Sechium edule Araucaria heterophylla Host NA NA Diptera Muscidae 10/06/2014; 24/06/2014 -29.05-29.04 167.92-29.03 167.94-29.03 19/05/2014 167.96-29.01 28/02/2014 167.96-29.03 NA 19/02/2014 167.94 NA 23/02/2014 167.95 NA 24/02/2014 NA 20/05/2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctuidae Noctuidae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.05-29.00 167.92-29.03 167.93 19/05/2014 167.98 22/02/2014 NA 21/05/2014 NA Solanaceae NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctuidae -29.05 167.95 20/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.00 167.93 21/02/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.03-29.03 167.96-29.02 167.96-29.05 23/02/2014 167.97-29.02 20/02/2014 167.96 NA 22/09/2013 167.96 NA 9/10/2014 NA 13/10/2014 Cucurbitaceae NA Araucariaceae NA NA Diptera Diptera Trombidiformes Muscidae Bdellidae Muscidae -29.02 167.92 10/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.01 167.56 2/07/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.06 167.96 12/06/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.05-29.05 167.98-29.03 167.93 -29.02 12/06/2014 167.93 167.97 NA 10/06/2014 2/07/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Diptera Diptera Muscidae Diptera Muscidae Muscidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 149 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Hand collection from fallen log Hand collection from tree felled 10 months prior Hand collection from timber pile Hand collection from under discarded timber Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y pan Yellow pan in orchard Yellow YY YYY YY ? Hand collection from rock Y? NN Y Y Observation Light trap N Y Sweep net NNN YN YN Beating YN Light trap Y Y Light trap Y Light trap Light trap in eucalypt forest Bucket light trap in orchard NNN YN YN Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Y Light trap Bucket light trap in orchard Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Hann, sp. Sundevall, 1833 species

Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster (Thomson, 1869) Steatoda capensis Steatoda capensis Steatoda 1990 Steatoda capensis Steatoda Spoladea recurvalis Spoladea recurvalis Spoladea recurvalis Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775) Spoladea recurvalis Spoladea recurvalis Spoladea recurvalis Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Spodoptera mauritia Target Spodoptera mauritia Diptera Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Araneae Theridiidae Araneae Theridiidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Target orderTarget family Target , species

capitata Glycine max Daucus carota Brassica oleracea var. Allium cepa Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Solanum melongena Rheum rhababarum Bidens pilosa Solanum lycopersicum Host Araucariaceae Polygonaceae, Asteraceae 24/05/2014; 2/12/2014 -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.02-29.04 167.96 167.93 26/03/2014 18/02/2014 Various Alliaceae Diptera Lauxaniidae -29.00 167.93 23 - 24/03/2014 Various Diptera Lauxaniidae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Unknown Unknown Araneae Theridiidae -29.12 167.95-29.02 14/10/2014-29.05 167.97 NA 167.92 21/05/2014 Unknown NA Unknown Araneae Araneae Theridiidae Theridiidae -29.05-29.02 167.95 167.96 20/02/2014 13/10/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA Lepidoptera Crambidae -29.02 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.05-29.04 167.95-29.03 167.94-29.01 20/02/2014 167.96-29.00 28/02/2014 167.93 NA-29.03 19/02/2014 167.93 NA 27/02/2014 167.99 NA 22/02/2014 NA NA 20/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Lepidoptera NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Crambidae Lepidoptera Crambidae Crambidae Crambidae -29.01-29.03 167.94-29.00 167.96-29.03 27/02/2014 167.93-29.03 25/05/2014 167.97 NA 22/02/2014 167.98 NA 22/05/2014 NA 21/05/2014 NA NA Solanaceae NA NA NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctuidae Noctuidae -29.01 167.93 21/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

150 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from dead twigs Sweep net among dead sees heads Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YYY Y Hand collection YYY Y Hand collection from ground YN YYY Y Ethanol wash Light trap YY YYY YY Y Y Sweep net ? Sweep net pan Yellow Ethanol wash YY Y Y Sweep net among corn Y Y Beating bananas YYY Y YY Y Beating Y Beating Y Bezzilure trap Y LuciLure trap pan Yellow Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Beer, Beer, species

Stephanothrips occidentalis Stephanothrips occidentalis Stephanothrips occidentalis Stephanothrips occidentalis 1925 Williams, Hood & Stephanothrips barretti Stephanothrips barretti Steneotarsonemus ananas 1898) (Tryon, Stenolemus fraterculus 1956 Wygodzinsky, Stephanothrips barretti Mound, 1972 Stephanothrips occidentalis Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steneotarsonemus 1954 Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Steganopsis melanogaster Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae DipteraDiptera Lauxaniidae Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae Target orderTarget family Target

sp. sp. sp. sp., . . sp sp. sp. sp species

Musa ciliata Toona Citrus Murraya Morus Eucalyptus Trifolium Trifolium Ananas comosus Schinus terebinthifolius Rumex brownii Phaseolus vulgaris Morus Nephrolepis Petroselinum crispum Medicago sativa Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas Host Rutaceae, Moraceae, unknown NA NA Diptera Lauxaniidae 2/06/2014; 2/07/2014; 17/07/2014; 25/08/2014 -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Meliaceae -29.02 167.96 9/07/2013 Musaceae -29.04 167.99 24/03/2014 Rutaceae -29.01 167.94-29.02 22/12/2012-29.04 167.92 Unknown 167.99 23/10/2013 24/12/2013 Myrtaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03-29.02 167.97 167.95 27/11/2014 24/12/2013 NA Unknown NA Unknown Thysanoptera Hemiptera Phlaeothripidae Reduviidae -29.05-29.03 167.92-29.02 167.99-29.03 24/05/2014 167.93 23/10/2013 167.94 Poaceae 27/11/2014 Diptera Various 27/11/2014 Fabaceae Unknown Bromeliaceae Lauxaniidae Diptera Lauxaniidae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.02 167.97 22/12/2012 Polygonaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.04-29.05 167.99 167.97-29.03 23/05/2014 17/07/2014 167.98 -29.01 Moraceae -29.04 NA 167.95 167.96 25/12/2012 10/10/2014 Lomariopsidaceae NA Apiaceae Diptera Lauxaniidae -29.05 167.93 12/07/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Convolvulaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 151 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY trap owers Yellow pan among various Yellow young vegetables Culicoides Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead palm leaves, dead pea pods Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYY Y YY Y Beating fl Sweep net Y Y LuciLure trap Y Bezzilure trap YYNY Y LuciLure trap N YY LuciLure trap Sweep net Y ? pan Yellow Beating NYY N Beating N N Beating N N Beating N N Hand collection YY YY YY YYY Y Hand collection N N Beating Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Schoenherr, 1843 Schoenherr, species

Stomorhina discolor Stomorhina discolor Stomorhina discolor Stomorhina discolor Stomorhina discolor Stomorhina discolor Stomorhina Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) Stomoxys calcitrans Storeus Stomorhina discolor Stomorhina Stethorus obscuripennis discolor Stomorhina (Fabricius, 1794) Stethorus obscuripennis Stethorus obscuripennis Stethorus obscuripennis Stephanothrips occidentalis Stephanothrips occidentalis Stephanothrips occidentalis Stephanothrips occidentalis Stethorus obscuripennis (Lea, 1929) Target Stephanothrips occidentalis Diptera Calliphoridae DipteraColeoptera Muscidae Curculionidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Coleoptera Coccinellidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. Lactuca sp. sp. sp. sp. sp., species

Citrus Citrus Musa sativa Annona reticulata Prunus persica persica Morus Citrus Colocasia esculenta Host NANA UnknownNA UnknownNA Diptera Unknown Diptera Calliphoridae Unknown Diptera Calliphoridae Diptera Calliphoridae Calliphoridae Musaceae, Asteraceae Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae, Fabaceae 12/06/2014; 28/08/2014 25/10/2014; 2/07/2014; 12/06/2014; 24/06/2014 2/07/2014; 24/06/2014; 17/07/2014 2/07/2014; 17/07/2014 -29.04 167.99 23/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.06 167.96 -29.05 167.97 -29.03-29.02 167.98 -29.06 167.97 -29.01 167.94 167.92-29.06 22/09/2013 24/02/2014 167.94 Diptera Various NA 11/10/2014 Calliphoridae Rutaceae NA Diptera Muscidae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2012 Cucurbitaceae-29.00 Diptera 167.93 Calliphoridae 26/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 24/10/2013 Diptera Various Calliphoridae -29.04 167.99 25/05/2014 Annonaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 22/05/2014 Moraceae -29.02-29.01 167.96-29.04 167.94 25/11/2014-29.06 167.99 24/11/2014 Unknown 167.94 25/11/2014 Unknown Unknown 11/10/2014 Unknown Rutaceae Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.03 167.93 22/12/2013 Unknown-29.02 Unknown 167.97 22/09/2013 Thysanoptera Araceae Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

152 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from dead tree Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from dead branch and moss Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead leaves from dead Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead tree Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead tree Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY YY YY YY YY YYY Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves YY Y Y Hand collection YY YY YY YYY Y Hand collection YY YY YY ? ? Trapping Hand collection Y ? Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) sp. sp. sp. species

Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strepterothrips tuberculatus tuberculatus Strepterothrips (Girault, 1929) Storeus Storeus Storeus Storeus Storeus Target Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. sp. sp. species

Toona ciliata Toona Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Grevillea robusta Grevillea Elaeodendron Elaeodendron curtipendulum Citrus Citrus obtecta Cordyline Araucaria heterophylla, robusta Grevillea Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Nestegis apetala Cucumis melo Host Araucariaceae, Proteaceae -29.02 167.95 25/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.01 167.93 9/07/2013-29.01 167.94 22/12/2013-29.01 167.95 Unknown 24/11/2014 Unknown 167.95 30/11/2014 Unknown Unknown 26/10/2013 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae -29.02 167.96 25/11/2014 Meliaceae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Myrtaceae -29.02 167.96 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.93 25/12/2013 Malvaceae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.93 12/07/2013 Proteaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Celastraceae -29.04 167.99-29.01 25/11/2014 167.94 Rutaceae 11/07/2013 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.94 30/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.05 167.92 25/12/2013 -29.02 167.95 20/12/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01-29.02 167.94 167.96 25/02/2014 25/11/2014 Unknown Araucariaceae Unknown Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.03 167.94 23/05/2014 Oleaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 153 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Yellow pan among old corn Yellow and young broccoli Hand collection from under bark of billets Hand collection from sawn timber Hand collection from timber billets Trapping from eucalypt Trapping leaf litter Hand collection from dead branches Hand collection from dead leaves Hand collection dead mossy branch Hand collection from dead twigs Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection, berlesate from leaf litter Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY NNN Y Y Bezzilure trap Y LuciLure trap LuciLure trap NN NN NNN Y Y Y Light trap #3 Light trap Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection YN YNY Y Hand collection from leaf litter Trapping YY YY YY YY YY YY YY YY YY Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Macquart, species

Syndelphax disonymos 1907) (Kirkaldy, Synthesiomyia nudiseta Synthesiomyia nudiseta Synthesiomyia nudiseta 1883) (Wulp, Sympiezoscelus norfolcensis Sympiezoscelus norfolcensis Sympiezoscelus norfolcensis Sympiezoscelus norfolcensis Sympiezoscelus norfolcensis Sympiezoscelus norfolcensis Lea, 1913 Sylvicola dubius 1850) Strepterothrips tuberculatus tuberculatus Strepterothrips Strumigenys perplexa (Smith, 1876) Strumigenys perplexa Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips tuberculatus Strepterothrips Target tuberculatus Strepterothrips Hemiptera Delphacidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Diptera Anisopodidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target italica sp. Brassica , var. species

Zea mays oleracea Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Eucalyptus Coffea arabica Araucaria heterophylla Host NA NA Diptera Muscidae NA NA Diptera Muscidae Poaceae, Brassicaceae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae 24/06/2014; 17/07/2014 24/06/2014; 2/07/2014 24/11/2014; 24/11/2014; 30/11/2014 -29.03-29.02 167.98 167.97 17/07/2014 NA NA Diptera Muscidae -29.05 167.97 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 -29.03-29.03 167.97-29.02 167.96 27/11/2014 167.93 25/09/2013 NA 25/02/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.03-29.03 167.97 167.96 18/02/2014 20/02/2014 NA NA NA NA Coleoptera Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae -29.03 167.97 21/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02-29.02 167.94 167.92 25/05/2014 25/05/2014 NA Myrtaceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Rubiaceae -29.02-29.01 167.96-29.02 167.94 27/12/2012-29.02 167.95 30/11/2014-29.05 Arecaceae 167.95 22/11/2014-29.02 Unknown 167.92 22/11/2014-29.01 Unknown Unknown 167.96 26/03/2014-29.02 Unknown Unknown 167.94 25/11/2014-29.02 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera 167.96 Unknown Unknown 167.95 Thysanoptera 26/11/2014 Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Thysanoptera 21/12/2013 Phlaeothripidae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Phlaeothripidae Araucariaceae Phlaeothripidae Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae -29.01 167.94 30/11/2014 Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

154 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Beating grape vine growing over citrus Light trap Set 6.10.14, collected 7.10.14 Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Hand collection NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Observation ? ? Beating and hand collection ?? ? ? Beating Hand collection ? ? Beating ?? Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash NY Y Hand collection ? Ethanol wash ?? N Y Beating N Y Hand collection NN Y Y LuciLure trap Bezzilure trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) sp. sp. sp. Mayr, 1872 Mayr, . nov. sp. ? nov. nov. sp. ? nov. nov. sp. ? nov. sp. sp. sp Caestrini & ? ? species

Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex Forel, 1910 Technomyrmex Technomyrmex Technomyrmex Technomyrmex Technomyrmex Technomyrmex Technomyrmex Taylorilygus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tarsonemus Tapinoma melanocephalum Tapinoma Tapinoma Tarsonemus Fanzago, 1876 Tapinoma melanocephalum Tapinoma Tapinoma melanocephalum Tapinoma (Fabricius, 1793) Synthesiomyia nudiseta Target Synthesiomyia nudiseta Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hemiptera Miridae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target (L.) sp. sp. sp. species

Yucca aloifolia Yucca Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis Persea americana Meryta Iris domestica Goldblatt & Mabb. Baloghia inophylla Coffea Nerium oleander Carica papaya Carica papaya Vitis vinifera Vitis Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Passifl ora edulis Passifl Mangifera indica Annona muricata Carica papaya Ananas comosus Solanum lycopersicum Conyza Host oraceae NA NA Diptera Muscidae 10/06/2014; 24/06/2014 -29.05 167.98 24/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.95 11/06/2013 Vitaceae -29.05 167.96 9/10/2014 Vitaceae -29.03-29.06 167.94 167.94 23/09/2013 22/09/2013 NA Lauraceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.03 167.95 22/05/2014 Araliaceae -29.04 167.97 25/05/2014 Iridaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Euphorbiaceae -29.05-29.04 167.93 167.96 23/05/2014 10/10/2014 Rubiaceae Apocynaceae -29.04 167.96 9/10/2014 Caricaceae -29.06 167.94 11/10/2014 Caricaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Vitaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.95 26/11/2014 Passifl -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.97-29.04 7/10/2014 167.99 NA 27/11/2014 Annonaceae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.03 167.94 27/11/2014 Bromeliaceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Caricaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.05-29.05 167.93 167.97 24/06/2014 24/02/2014 NA Asteraceae NA Diptera Muscidae -29.01 167.92 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 155 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers Hand collection from felled tree #7 (workers) Light trap Set 6.10.14, collected 7.10.14 Hand collection from felled tree Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NN Y Y Hand collection Light trap NN Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y NNY Ethanol wash Y? NYN Ethanol wash ? Beating ? ? Hand collection YYY Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection from fl NN Y? Y Y Hand collectiofrom fl NNN Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl N Y Beating NNN Y Y Hand collection Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Light trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Le Koch, (Sykes, (Uzel, 1895) Latreille, 1804 Donnadieu, Delamare- species

sp. nov

Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium Tenuipalpus antipodus Tenuipalpus Tetragnatha bicarinatum Tetramorium 1846) (Nylander, Tenuipalpus antipodus Tenuipalpus 1964 Collyer, obtusa Tetragnatha 1837 Tenuipalpus Tenuipalpus 1876 Tenothrips frici Tenothrips frici Tenothrips frici Tenothrips Telmosena suteri Telmosena Deboutteville & Massoud, 1963 Temeritas Temeritas Tenothrips frici Tenothrips Tenothrips frici Tenothrips Teleonemia scrupulosa Teleonemia suteri Telmosena 1900) Tenothrips frici Tenothrips Teleonemia scrupulosa Teleonemia Stål, 1873 Technomyrmex jocosus Technomyrmex oceanicus Teleogryllus Guillou, 1841) oceanicus Teleogryllus Target Hymenoptera Formicidae HymenopteraHymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae TrombidiformesAraneae Tenuipalpidae Hymenoptera Tetragnathidae Formicidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Trombidiformes Tenuipalpidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Hypsogastropoda Assimineidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Hemiptera Tingidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Hemiptera Tingidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target

sp. sp. sp. sp. sp., sp. sp. species

Citrus Ipomoea batatas Musa Bidens pilosa Celtis paniculata Araucaria heterophylla Zanthoxylum pinnatum Taraxacum Taraxacum Hieracium Araucaria heterophylla Hieracium Araucaria heterophylla Hieracium Hieracium Taraxacum F.H.Wigg. Lantana camara Lantana camara Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.03 167.96 19/02/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.05-29.00 167.97 167.93 24/02/2014 20/02/2014 Rutaceae Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2014 Musaceae -29.06 167.94 26/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.93 12/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.93-29.03 27/11/2014 167.97 Cannabaceae 7/10/2014 NA NA Araneae Tetragnathidae -29.02 167.93 27/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.03 167.93-29.02 27/11/2014 167.96 Asteraceae 10/06/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01-29.03 167.92 167.99 25/11/2014 22/12/2013 Asteraceae Asteraceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.01-29.03 167.94 167.94 24/09/2013 28/11/2014 Arecaceae Asteraceae Unknown Collembola Sminthuridae -29.05 167.93 24/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Hypsogastropoda Assimineidae -29.02-29.02 167.96 167.96 26/11/2014 25/11/2014 Asteraceae Asteraceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Verbenaceae -29.01-29.05 167.93-29.03 167.95 27/02/2014 167.97 20/02/2014 NA 18/02/2014 NA Verbenaceae NA NA Orthoptera Orthoptera Gryllidae Gryllidae -29.02 167.93 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

156 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection from tree felled 10 months prior Light trap from eucalypt forest Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Ethanol wash YYY Y Y Hand collection Y Ethanol wash Ethanol wash YYY ? Y Y Hand collection Ethanol wash Ethanol wash Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Hand collection NNN Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection from timber pan Yellow NY NNN Y N Hand collection N Hand collection from soil Hand collection from soil NN Y Y Hand collection Beating N Y Sweep net N Y Light trap #3 NNN YNY Y Y Culicoides trap Hand collection Hand collection from soil Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Pritchard sp. sp. sp. sp. Dufour, 1832 Dufour, species

Tetranychus neocaledonicus Tetranychus Tetranychus lombardinii lombardinii Tetranychus Baker & Pritchard, 1960 neocaledonicus Tetranychus (André, 1933) neocaledonicus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus lambi Tetranychus 1955 & Baker, lambi Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetranychus Tetramorium simillimum Tetramorium simillimum Tetramorium simillimum Tetramorium Tetramorium simillimum Tetramorium (Smith, 1851) Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium caldarium Tetramorium 1857) (Roger, caldarium Tetramorium Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium bicarinatum Tetramorium Target bicarinatum Tetramorium Trombidiformes Tetranychidae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Tetranychidae Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Tetranychidae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Tetranychidae Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Tetranychidae Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Musa Phaseolus vinifera Vitis Trifolium Trifolium Hemerocallis Colocasia esculenta Zehneria baueriana Plumeria rubra Phaseolus vulgaris Passifl ora edulis Passifl Bidens pilosa Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Ananas comosus Solanum melongena Schinus terebinthifolius Host oraceae -29.02-29.04 167.94-29.04 167.95 24/11/2014 167.98 24/11/2014 Musaceae 27/11/2014 Fabaceae Vitaceae -29.02-29.04 167.93-29.02 167.94 27/11/2014 167.97 23/11/2014 Fabaceae 22/09/2013 Hemerocallidaceae Araceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.95 11/06/2013 Apocynaceae -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Passifl -29.03-29.02 167.97-29.12 167.96 18/02/2014 167.95 26/03/2014 NA 14/10/2014 Hymenoptera Various Asteraceae Formicidae NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.03 167.97 7/10/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04-29.06 167.94-29.02 167.95 23/09/2013 167.96 27/09/2013 NA 13/10/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.05-29.03 167.98 167.93 24/02/2014 26/09/2013 Unknown Bromeliaceae Unknown Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.97 20/02/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Formicidae -29.02-29.02 167.97-29.01 167.96 22/09/2013 167.93 26/09/2013 NA 27/02/2014 NA NA NA NA NA Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Formicidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Formicidae -29.02 167.97 24/02/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Formicidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 157 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers Hand collection from terminal branches Hand collection from paddock Hand collection from dead palm fronds Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection YYY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection from fl Y Y Beating YYY Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl YN Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y N Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y? Y Ethanol wash ? Beating Y N Hand collection ? ? Beating Y N Hand collection Y ? Light trap Y N Hand collection from leaves YY ? N Light trap Hand collection

Koch, (Bagnall, Bagnall, . . . . nov nov nov nov Walckenaer, 1805 Walckenaer, sp. . . . . sp. nov. sp sp sp sp. nov. sp. nov. Linnaeus, 1758 sp species

Theronia Theronia Theronia Theronia 1926 Thrips imaginis Thrips australis Thrips australis Thrips australis Thrips australis Thrips australis Thrips australis Thrips australis Thrips australis Thrips australis 1915) Thrips Thrips Thrips Tetranychus urticae Tetranychus 1835 Theridion Thrips Target Tetranychus neocaledonicus Tetranychus Theridion Thrips c.f Thrips c.f Thrips Thrips sp. nov. Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae TrombidiformesAraneae Tetranychidae Theridiidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target Trombidiformes Tetranychidae Araneae Theridiidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae , sp. sp. sp. sp. . sp. sp. viscosa viscosa sp sp. sp. species

Lagunaria patersonia Araucaria heterophylla Dodonaea viscosa subsp. Eucalyptus Leptospermum trifolia Vitex Citrus Coprosma baueri Coprosma Cenchrus clandestinus Bidens pilosa Unknown, Myoporum Myoporum obscurum Musa Myoporum obscurum Musa Rosa Citrus Myoporum obscurum Host Myoporum obscurum Myoporum obscurum Baloghia inophylla Jasminum Dodonaea viscosa subsp. Arecaceae, Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Euphorbiaceae, Oleaceae 22/03/2014; 26/03/2014 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02-29.01 167.94 167.93 26/03/2014 25/11/2014 Sapindaceae Myrtaceae -29.04 167.96 26/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.04 167.94 21/11/2014 Lamiaceae -29.03 167.94 10/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.94 27/03/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.01 167.94 24/10/2013 -29.04 167.96 24/11/2014 Scrophulariaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2014 Musaceae -29.01 167.94 24/11/2014 Scrophulariaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014 Musaceae -29.04 167.96-29.06 4/12/2014 167.94 Rosaceae 11/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.01 167.94 24/03/2014 Scrophulariaceae -29.05 167.95 12/10/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae -29.01 167.94 22/03/2014 Scrophulariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family -29.03 167.95 7/10/2014 NA NA Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae -29.01 167.94 -29.01-29.02 167.94 167.94 24/12/2013 26/03/2014 Sapindaceae

158 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers owers and grasses owers, leaves owers, owers Hand collection (male specimens) Hand collection from fl Hand collection from fl (male specimens) Hand collection from terminal branches Observation on cultivated fl Hand collection from dead palm leaves, dead pea pods Hand collection from leaves of fl Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection Y N Beating YN YN YY N N Beating Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection YY N N Hand collection from fl Hand collection YN YN Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection YYN YN N Sweep net YY YYN N Hand collection Hand collection YY Y Y Beating Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Uzel, species

Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips nigropilosus Thrips nigropilosus Thrips novocaledonensis (Bianchi, 1945) Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips imaginis Thrips nigropilosus 1895 Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target ,

L.

var.

sp. , L. sp.,

? sp. species

italica Carica papaya Carica papaya Capsicum annuum Capsella bursa- pastoris Capsicum annuum Buddleja Brassica oleracea var. Capsicum annuum Bidens pilosa Baloghia inophylla Jasminum Baloghia inophylla Avena sativa Avena Araucaria heterophylla Arachis pintoi Allium porrum aggregatum Allium cepa Murraya Morus Lactuca sativa Coprosma baueri Coprosma Host Brassicaceae, Solanaceae Euphorbiaceae, Oleaceae Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae Rutaceae, Moraceae, unknown Asteraceae 20/02/2014; 24/12/2012 -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Caricaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.00-29.03 167.93 167.99 24/12/2012 24/12/2012 Brassicaceae Solanaceae -29.03 167.95 12/06/2013 Scrophulariaceae -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 Asteraceae -29.01 167.94 24/12/2013 -29.01 167.94 22/12/2013 Euphorbiaceae -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 29/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Alliaceae -29.03 167.95 12/07/2013 Thysanoptera Various Thripidae -29.06 167.94-29.04 22/09/2013-29.00 167.99 Thysanoptera Various 167.93 25/11/2014 10/07/2013 Thripidae Alliaceae -29.04-29.04 167.96 167.96 25/10/2013 21/12/2013 Thysanoptera Various Thysanoptera Various Thripidae Thripidae -29.04-29.00 167.99 167.93 24/12/2013 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 159 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers owers observed Drosophila owers, leaves owers, owers, (male specimens) Hand collection from fl Hand collection from fl (male specimens) Hand collection from fl Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from young citrus leaves Hand collection from leaves and fruit Hand collection from rotting fruit, Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection YN Y N Beating Y N Beating Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl YN YN Y N Sweep net and beating Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Beating Y N Beating YYYN N NY Hand collection Hand collection N Hand collection YN YN YN Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. L. Planch. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Dianthus caryophyllus Daucus carota Daucus carota Cyathea brownii Cucurbita pepo Crotalaria Crotalaria Crocosmia Crocosmia Crinum Coriandrum sativum Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Citrus Citrus baueri Coprosma Coffea Citrus Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Chenopodium Cenchrus purpureus Carica papaya Carica papaya Host Rubiaceae 21/12/2013; 23/12/2012 -29.04 167.96 4/12/2014 Caryophyllaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Apiaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Apiaceae -29.01 167.94 24/05/2014 Cyatheaceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.94 22/12/2012 Fabaceae -29.02 167.95 26/12/2012 Iridaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Amaryllidaceae -29.03 167.99 24/11/2014 Apiaceae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.94 21/10/2013 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.03-29.04 167.94 167.99 10/10/2014 24/12/2013-29.12 Rutaceae Rutaceae 167.95 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.04-29.03 167.99 167.99 24/03/2014 Rutaceae, Poaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Chenopodiaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Caricaceae -29.03 167.99 9/07/2013 Caricaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

160 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY ower ower owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers Hand collection from male fl Hand collection from fl petals Hand collection from fl petal Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection from dead wood, dead seed heads Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection YN YY N N Hand collection from fl Hand collection from fl YN Y N Hand collection from fl YN Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl YN Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection YN Y N Hand collection YYY NY NY N Hand collection from leaves N Beating N Beating Hand collection from fl Hand collection from leaves Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. sp.

. sp. sp. L.? sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Lycium Lycium (Hook.) , species

Jacaranda ferocissiumum ferocissiumum Hieracium Hymenosporum avum fl F.Muell. Hymenosporum avum fl Ipomoea cairica Ipomoea cairica Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus Hibiscus insularis Grevillea Grevillea Grevillea Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hibiscus insularis Gladiolus Gladiolus ×hortulanus Dianthus caryophyllus Host Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Bignoniaceae -29.02-29.03 167.96 167.95 25/11/2014 22/11/2014 Asteraceae Pittosporaceae -29.04 167.99 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04-29.03 167.96-29.05 167.94 28/12/2012 167.92 28/11/2014 Pittosporaceae 23/11/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.99 29/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.95 12/06/2013 Malvaceae -29.04 167.97 27/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.97 27/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.95 22/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.94 21/12/2012 Malvaceae -29.04 167.94 10/07/2013 Malvaceae -29.04 167.94 25/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Hemerocallidaceae -29.04-29.04 167.96-29.03 167.96 10/10/2014 167.95-29.02 10/10/2014 Proteaceae 26/12/2012 167.93 Proteaceae Hemerocallidaceae 26/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.02 167.95 23/11/2014 Iridaceae -29.01 167.94 21/10/2013 Iridaceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Caryophyllaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 161 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers owers, leaves owers, Hand collection (male specimens) Hand collection from fl Hand collection from hydroponics Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YN YN Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from leaves Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Sweep net Y N Beating Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl YYY N N N Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl YN Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection from fl YY N N Hand collection from fl Hand collection from leaves species

Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Target Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae sp., sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. L. sp. species

Muehlenbeckia australis Metrosideros Metrosideros Ipomoea Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Medicago Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Mangifera indica Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia integrifolia Lonicera japonica Thunb. Lilium formosanum Lantana Lantana Leucanthemum vulgare Lantana camara Lantana camara Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Jacaranda Jacaranda Jasminum Lactuca sativa Host Myrtaceae, Convolvulaceae -29.01 167.94 22/03/2014 Polygonaceae -29.02 167.96 27/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 23/03/2014 Meliaceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Meliaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 29/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 23/10/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.94 10/10/2014 Proteaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Proteaceae -29.03 167.95 22/11/2014 Caprifoliaceae -29.04 167.99 29/11/2014 Liliaceae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2012 Asteraceae -29.04-29.03 167.94 167.99 21/12/2012 22/03/2014 Verbenaceae Verbenaceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Verbenaceae -29.01 167.93 16/10/2014 Verbenaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.02 167.94 22/12/2013 Malvaceae -29.03 167.95 22/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.95 25/10/2013 Bignoniaceae -29.04-29.01 167.99 167.95 23/11/2014 26/12/2012 Bignoniaceae Oleaceae -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Asteraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

162 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers owers owers owers Hand collection from grasses, olive litter Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection YY N N Hand collection Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Beating Y N Sweep net in eucalypt forest YY NY NY Hand collection from fl NYN Hand collection from fl N Hand collection from fl Hand collection from fl Y N Beating Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection YY N N Hand collection Sweep net Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Target Thrips novocaledonensis Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target Thysanoptera Thripidae

f.

sp. sp., sp. sp., sp. cuspidata cuspidata cuspidata cuspidata sp. species

Phaseolus Phaseolus Apium graveolens, Daucus carota Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Persea americana Persea americana Pentas lanceolata Passifl ora edulis Passifl avicarpa fl Olea europaea Olea europaea subsp. Olea europaea subsp. Olea europaea subsp. Olea europaea subsp. Paspalum Ocimum basilicum Nicandra physalodes Myrsine ralstoniae Myoporum obscurum Musa Myoporum obscurum Murraya Morus Host oraceae Fabaceae, Apiaceae Lamiaceae Scrophulariaceae Rutaceae, Moraceae, unknown 10/07/2013; 23/10/2013; 24/12/2012 26/03/2014; 22/03/2014 -29.03-29.03 167.99 167.99 23/12/2012 21/12/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Apiaceae -29.04 167.99 24/12/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.04 167.94 21/12/2012 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Lauraceae -29.06 167.94 22/09/2013 Lauraceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.92 22/05/2014 Passifl -29.03-29.03 167.95-29.01 167.95 22/11/2014-29.00 167.92 10/07/2013-29.01 Oleaceae 167.94 26/11/2014 Oleaceae 167.93 24/03/2014 Oleaceae 20/05/2014 Oleaceae Poaceae -29.00 167.93 -29.03 167.98 22/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.02 167.95 10/07/2013 Primulaceae -29.01 167.94 -29.00-29.01 167.93 167.94 20/02/2014 22/03/2014 Musaceae Scrophulariaceae -29.04 167.99 24/12/2013 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 163 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers, leaves owers, Hand collection from fl Hand collection from dead sugar cane leaves Hand collection from hydroponics Hand collection (male specimens) Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N Hand collection Y N Beating Y N Beating in eucalypt forest Y N Hand collection from fl YN Y N Beating YN Y N Beating Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from leaves Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from leaves Y N Hand collection from leaves Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection YN Y N Hand collection Y N Hand collection YN Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. var. var. var. var. , var. var. Bidens sp., sp. sp. species

Solanum melongena Solanum mauritianum Solanum mauritianum Solanum mauritianum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Saccharum cinarum offi Rosmarinus cinalis offi Rosa Rosa Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Plumeria rubra Plumeria rubra aggregatum Pisum sativum Allium cepa Pisum sativum pilosa Physalis Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Host Apocynaceae Fabaceae, Alliaceae, various Solanaceae, Asteraceae, various 22/11/2014; 22/11/2014; 22/12/2012 -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.01 167.93 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 9/07/2013 Poaceae -29.03 167.95 12/06/2013 Lamiaceae -29.01 167.95 23/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.96 4/12/2014 Rosaceae -29.01 167.94 22/12/2012 Myrtaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.96 22/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Apocynaceae -29.03 167.95 -29.04 167.96 26/03/2014 -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 9/07/2013 -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Solanaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

164 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers owers owers owers Hand collection from dead palm leaves, dead pea pods Hand collection from male corn fl Hand collection from vegetables Hand collection from corn tassels, leaves Hand collection from male plants Hand collection from leaves (no thrips damage) Hand collection from dead branch Hand collection from cultivated fl Hand collection from woody pot plant Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YYY Y Hand collection from fl YN YYN N Hand collection YN Y N Hand collection YN Y N Beating YN Y N Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection YY N N Beating Y Hand collection from fl YYN NY NY Hand collection YN N Hand collection YN N Sweep net Hand collection YYY N N N Beating Hand collection Hand collection from fl Y N Hand collection from leaves Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Morison, Lindemann, species

Thrips simplex 1888 1930) Thrips tabaci Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Thrips novocaledonensis Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target Trifolium Trifolium sp. sp. sp. sp. , L.? sp. species

Zingiber Gladiolus ×hortulanus Zea mays sp. Zea mays Zea mays Zea mays Yucca aloifolia Yucca Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Veronica Strelitzia reginae Strelitzia Streblus pendulinus Streblus Host Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae Poaceae 24/11/2014; 24/11/2014; 22/12/2012 -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 -29.00 167.93 27/02/2014 Zingiberaceae -29.00 167.93 26/11/2014 Thysanoptera Various Thripidae -29.01 167.94 22/12/2012 Iridaceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Poaceae, Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 24/03/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.98 24/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Vitaceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Vitaceae -29.04 167.94 25/11/2014-29.00 Fabaceae -29.01 167.94 167.94-29.03 24/03/2014-29.04 23/12/2012 167.99 Poaceae 167.99 Unknown 22/12/2012 23/11/2014 Unknown Poaceae Unknown Apiaceae Thysanoptera Unknown Thysanoptera Unknown Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae -29.02 167.93-29.05 25/05/2014 167.93 Fabaceae -29.06 23/12/2013 167.94 Unknown-29.04 22/09/2013-29.01 Unknown 167.99 Unknown 167.94 24/12/2013 Thysanoptera Unknown 11/07/2013 Unknown Thripidae Plantaginaceae Thysanoptera Unknown Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.03-29.04 167.99 167.99 22/10/2013 23/11/2014 Poaceae, Fabaceae Fabaceae -29.03 167.94 23/05/2014 Strelitziaceae -29.01 167.94 25/11/2014 Moraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 165 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers Hand collection from terminal leaves Hand collection from terminal branches Hand collection from seedlings Hand collection from hydroponics Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl YYY Y Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target ,

,

sp., var. var. var. var. var. var. , sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Beta vulgaris Baloghia inophylla Jasminum Asparagus Asparagus sativa Avena Asparagus cinalis offi Argyranthemum Argyranthemum ex Sch.Bip. Webb Araucaria heterophylla, Cordyline Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Arachis pintoi Arachis pintoi Apium graveolens Allium sativum L., Daucus carota Allium porrum Allium porrum aggregatum. Allium cepa Ocimum basilicum aggregatum Chenopodium Allium cepa aggregatum Allium cepa aggregatum Allium cepa aggregatum Allium cepa aggregatum Allium cepa Host Euphorbiaceae, Oleaceae Araucariaceae, Asparagaceae Alliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Apiaceae Alliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae Alliaceae 22/03/2014; 22/10/2013 -29.01 167.94 24/12/2013 -29.04-29.02 167.96-29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 167.98 27/12/2012 Asparagaceae 24/11/2014 Asparagaceae Poaceae -29.04 167.97 26/11/2014 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.97 26/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 -29.02 167.95 21/03/2014 Araucariaceae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.94 28/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Apiaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Alliaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Alliaceae -29.00 167.93 10/07/2013 Alliaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 -29.03 167.99 -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Alliaceae -29.04 167.97 25/03/2014 Alliaceae -29.00 167.93 23/10/2013 Alliaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

166 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers owers owers, leaves owers, Hand collection from fl Hand collection, damaged leaves, larvae present Hand collection from seedling Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Beating YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target , , (L.) species

italica botrytis italica, Allium italica, italica italica capitata capitata Cenchrus purpureus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsella bursa- pastoris Medik.? Brassica rapa Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Capsicum annuum Brassica oleracea var. cepa Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Brassica oleracea var. Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Host Solanaceae Brassicaceae, Solanaceae Brassicaceae, Alliaceae 27/11/2014; 27/11/2014; 24/09/2013 -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.95 23/12/2012 Poaceae -29.03 167.92 23/11/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.93 23/12/2013 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Brassicaceae -29.05 167.93 23/12/2013 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 -29.03 167.99 24/11/2014 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.98 21/05/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.99 24/12/2012 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2013 Asteraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 167 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers owers (larvae present) Hand collection from leaves, fl Hand collection, aphids also present Hand collection from green house Hand collection from greenhouse Hand collection from young leaves Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Beating YY YY Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves YYY Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target

, , sp., sp. sp. sp. , var. L. , sp. sp. species

Solanum aggregatum Phaseolus vulgaris Daucus carota Allium cepa Daucus carota Daucus carota Daucus carota Daucus carota Daucus carota Cucurbita sp., lycopersicum Allium porrum Chenopodium Digitaria Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita pepo Cucumis sativus Cucumis sativus Cucumis sativus Croton capitatus Croton Michx. Coriandrum sativum Coriandrum sativum Commelina Citrus Commelina cyanea Chenopodium Chenopodium Chenopodium Host Apiaceae, Alliaceae, Fabaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Alliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae Cucurbitaceae, various 24/12/2012; 24/03/2014 10/07/2013; 23/10/2013 -29.03 167.99 24/11/2014 -29.03 167.99 -29.03 167.99 10/07/2013 Apiaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 -29.00 167.93 23/03/2014 -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.99 22/05/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.99 9/07/2013 -29.03 167.99 9/07/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.02 167.96 23/10/2013 Euphorbiaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014 Apiaceae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.04 167.96 21/12/2013 Commelinaceae -29.04-29.01 167.99 167.94 24/12/2013 25/11/2014 Rutaceae Commelinaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Chenopodiaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Chenopodiaceae -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Chenopodiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

168 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers owers owers owers owers Hand collection, leaf mining damage Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Hand collection Y Hand collection from fl Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target

, , , var. , persica L. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Ocimum Prunus Lycium Lycium var. , , , species

aggregatum Coriandrum sativum basilicum Lactuca sativa Beta vulgaris Allium porrum Allium cepa Jacaranda Jacaranda Lactuca sativa ferocissimum Ipomoea cairica Hieracium Ipomoea cairica Hibiscus Gladiolus ×hortulanus Galinsoga ora parvifl Foeniculum vulgare persica Euphorbia Euphorbia Foeniculum vulgare Eruca sativa Dianthus caryophyllus Dianthus caryophyllus Host Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Alliaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae Apiaceae, Rosaceae -29.00 167.93 23/10/2013 -29.04-29.00 167.99 167.93 23/11/2014 24/12/2012 Bignoniaceae Asteraceae -29.02 167.96 26/11/2014 Bignoniaceae -29.05 167.92 23/11/2014 -29.02-29.03 167.96 167.94 25/11/2014 28/11/2014 Asteraceae Convolvulaceae -29.05 167.97 27/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.94 22/12/2012 Iridaceae -29.03 167.99 22/03/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.96 25/03/2014 -29.04 167.94 21/12/2012 Euphorbiaceae -29.04-29.04 167.96 167.96 25/10/2013 22/12/2013 Euphorbiaceae Apiaceae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Caryophyllaceae -29.04 167.96 4/12/2014 Caryophyllaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 169 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers owers owers owers, leaves owers, Hand collection from fl Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from fl YY YY Y Y Hand collection Beating Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Sweep net Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Target ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target , , ,

,

sp. sp., sp. sp. sp. sp., sp. sp. sp. species

Phaseolus Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Petroselinum crispum Pentas lanceolata Passifl ora Passifl Musa Myoporum obscurum Murraya Morus Melia azedarach Medicago Medicago Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Mangifera indica Lupinus Leucanthemum vulgare Lantana camara Lagunaria patersonia Lactuca sativa Spinacia oleracea Apium graveolens Solanum lycopersicum Phaseolus Cucurbita pepo Host oraceae Apiaceae Rutaceae, Moraceae, unknown Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Apiaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbutiaceae 23/11/2014; 23/11/2014; 24/12/2013 -29.03 167.99 23/12/2012 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 22/12/2013 Apiaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Rubiaceae -29.02 167.95 26/12/2013 Passifl -29.04-29.01 167.96 167.94 10/10/2014 24/11/2014 Musaceae Scrophulariaceae -29.04 167.99 24/12/2013 -29.03 167.99 23/03/2014 Meliaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 23/12/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 12/07/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 23/10/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.12 167.95 15/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.95 21/12/2012 Asteraceae -29.04 167.96 25/10/2013 Verbenaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

170 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY owers owers owers owers, leaves owers, owers, leaves owers, Hand collection from fl Hand collection from fl Hand collection from young leaves Hand collection from hydroponics Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY YYY Y Hand collection Y Y Y Hand collection Y Hand collection from fl Hand collection Hand collection from fl Y Y Hand collection YY YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating Y Y Hand collection from leaves YY Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection from leaves Y Y Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) species

Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Target Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae ThysanopteraThysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target

,

var. var. var. var. var. var.

var. sp. sp., sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Tagetes Tagetes Taraxacum Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Solanum melongena Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica aggregatum Pisum sativum, Allium cepa Pisum sativum Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Phaseolus Apium graveolens Daucus carota Host Fabaceae, Alliaceae, various Fabaceae, Apiaceae -29.03 167.93-29.03 27/11/2014 167.99-29.01 Asteraceae 22/10/2013 167.92 Poaceae, Fabaceae 25/11/2014 Asteraceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.05 167.92-29.04 28/11/2014 167.94-29.04 Asteraceae 25/11/2014 167.99 Fabaceae 23/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 22/12/2012 Solanaceae -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 27/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.99 25/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.95 25/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.02 167.95 22/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.96 25/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.01 167.94 23/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.96 22/12/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.96 26/03/2014 -29.03 167.99 25/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.98 24/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 21/12/2013 Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 171 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY owers owers owers and grasses Yellow pan on bare soil Yellow beside curcubits Hand collection from male corn fl Hand collection from corn tassels, leaves Hand collection from leaf litter Hand collection from base of grass Hand collection, from cultivated fl Hand collection from leaves of fl Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) YN Y Y Beating Light trap Y Y Sweep net (larva) Y ? Hand collection Y N Hand collection NY ? ? Light trap YY YNN Y Y Hand collection Y LuciLure trap Bezzilure trap YY Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection YY YY YYY Y Hand collection YYY YY YYY Y Hand collection Y Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Bickel, (Walker, (Walker, Ichinose, Gerstaecker, Gerstaecker, species

Thysanoplusia orichalcea plagiata Tiracola 1857) Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Fabricius, 1775) 1973 Thysanoplusia Thyreophagus gallegoi Thyreophagus Portus & Gomez, 1980 Thrypticus australis Thrypticus 1864 Thrips tabaci Thrypticus australis 1986 Thrypticus australis Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Thrips tabaci Target Thrips tabaci Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Sarcoptiformes Acaridae Diptera Dolichopodidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Target orderTarget family Target , (L.) Trifolium Trifolium , species

capitata Daucus carota Daucus carota Brassica oleracea var. Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Cucurbita pepo Zea mays sp. Zea mays Zea mays Vitex trifolia Vitex Vicia hirsuta Vicia Gray Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae Host Poaceae, Cyperaceae -29.03 167.96 23/02/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae -29.03 167.92 21/05/2014 Apiaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.05 167.95 12/10/2014 NA NA Diptera Dolichopodidae -29.01-29.03 167.92-29.03 167.93 24/06/2014 167.99 10/06/2014 NA 24/12/2012 NA Cucurbitaceae NA NA Diptera Diptera Dolichopodidae Dolichopodidae -29.00 167.93 26/11/2014 Thysanoptera Various Thripidae -29.03 167.99 22/10/2013 Poaceae, Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 24/11/2014 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Poaceae -29.04 167.94 21/11/2014 Lamiaceae -29.04 167.99 23/11/2014 Apiaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae -29.02-29.023 167.96-29.03 167.949 28/11/2014 167.99 21/12/2012-29.00 Unknown 22/12/2012 Poaceae 167.94 Poaceae Unknown 25/11/2014 Unknown Fabaceae Thysanoptera Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae -29.00-29.02 167.94-29.03 167.97-29.04 25/11/2014 167.92 22/12/2012 167.96 Poaceae 23/11/2014 Unknown 21/12/2013 Unknown Unknown Various Unknown Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Thysanoptera Thripidae Thripidae Thripidae -29.00 167.93 24/12/2012 Brassicaceae Unknown Thysanoptera Thripidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

172 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Hand collection and sweep net Hand collection from felled tree Hand collection from tree felled 10 months prior Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y Y Hand collection Y Y Beating N N Hand collection N N Hand collection YYY Y ? ? Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection YY Y Y Hand collection Hand collection YY N Y Hand collection NNY Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection and beating N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection N Y Beating N Y Hand collection N Y Hand collection NY NY NY Y ? Light trap LuciLure trap Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Boyer Aczél, 1939 ? sp. ? sp. species

Trialeurodes vaporariorum Trialeurodes Trialeurodes vaporariorum Trialeurodes 1856) (Westwood, Tracholena hedraea Tracholena Toxoptera hedraea Tracholena Common, 1982 Toxoptera aurantii Toxoptera Toxoptera Toxoptera aurantii Toxoptera aurantii Toxoptera Toxoptera aurantii Toxoptera aurantii Toxoptera de Fonscolombe, 1841) Toxoptera aurantii Toxoptera Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops Tornatellinops jacksonensis Tornatellinops (Cox, 1864) Tomosvaryella Tomosvaryella Target plagiata Tiracola Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Lepidoptera Tortricidae HemipteraLepidoptera Aphididae Tortricidae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae HemipteraHemiptera Aphididae Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Stylommatophora Achatinellidae Target orderTarget family Target sp. . aurantium sp. sp × species

Euphorbia peplus L. Cucumis sativus Araucaria heterophylla Citrus ×aurantium Citrus Araucaria heterophylla Citrus Camellia japonica L. Citrus Citrus reticulata Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantiifolia Araucaria heterophylla Meryta angustifolia Lagunaria patersonia Ipomoea cairica Ipomoea batatas Cordyline Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Carica papaya Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.06 167.96 24/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.03 167.99 22/05/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.04 167.94 12/06/2013 Araucariaceae -29.03-29.01 167.93-29.01 167.93 26/09/2013 167.94 26/09/2013 Rutaceae 11/06/2013 Rutaceae Araucariaceae -29.01-29.03 167.93 167.94 13/06/2013 10/10/2014 Rutaceae Theaceae -29.04-29.06 167.99 167.94 14/06/2013 22/09/2013 Rutaceae Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.05-29.05 167.93 167.92 20/06/2013 18/07/2013 Unknown Araucariaceae Unknown Stylommatophora Achatinellidae -29.04 167.94 23/09/2013 Araliaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.98 25/09/2013 Convolvulaceae -29.01 167.95 25/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Caricaceae -29.06 167.96 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.05 167.92 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.01-29.02 167.92 167.96 10/06/2014 13/10/2014 NA Araucariaceae NA Diptera Pipunculidae -29.01 167.95 23/05/2014 NA NA Lepidoptera Noctuidae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 173 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? in nursery Trapping YYY ? ? ? Ethanol wash Ethanol wash Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Hand collection YYY ? ? ? Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Y ? Hand collection Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Ethanol wash YN YNN YN Beating YN Light trap Y Y Light trap in eucalypt forest Y Light trap Light trap Light trap Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Thor, 1932 Thor, Förster, 1848 Förster, species

Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Trioza Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Triophtydeus Trichopoda giacomellii Trichopoda (Blanchard, 1966) vittaticollis Trigonidium (Stål, 1861) hyppasia Trigonodes 1779) (Cramer, hyppasia Trigonodes hyppasia Trigonodes hyppasia Trigonodes Trialeurodes vaporariorum Trialeurodes Trialeurodes vaporariorum Trialeurodes Trialeurodes vaporariorum Trialeurodes Trialeurodes vaporariorum Trialeurodes Target Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Diptera Tachinidae Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Target orderTarget family Target

, var. var. sp. sp. species

Annona muricata Prunus persica persica Prunus persica persica Persea americana Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Citrus Citrus Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Araucaria heterophylla Zea mays Cucumis sativus Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Phaseolus vulgaris Host Solanaceae 14/06/2013; 25/09/2013 -29.02 167.93 28/11/2014 NA Hemiptera Triozidae -29.03-29.04 167.96-29.04 167.95 25/11/2014 167.99 24/11/2014 Unknown 27/11/2014 Unknown Annonaceae Unknown Unknown Trombidiformes Trombidiformes Triophtydeidae Triophtydeidae -29.04 167.95 26/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.93 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.98 27/11/2014 Lauraceae -29.04 167.9 25/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.05 167.92 26/11/2014 Malvaceae -29.05-29.01 167.92-29.00 167.93 27/09/2013 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae 24/09/2013 Rutaceae Arecaceae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 24/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.05-29.01 167.95-29.03 167.93-29.04 20/02/2014 167.97-29.05 27/02/2014 167.94 NA-29.06 22/05/2014 167.95 NA 28/02/2014 167.94 NA 20/02/2014 NA NA 26/11/2014 NA NA Araucariaceae NA NA Orthoptera NA Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Trigonidiidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctuidae Noctuidae -29.04 167.99 8/10/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.99 -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Fabaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

174 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY trap Set trap owers, leaves owers, Culicoides 21.5.2014, collected 24.5.2014 Culicoides Hand collection from timber billets Hand collection from hardwood logs Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y? Y? ? Beating Hand collection and beating ? ? Hand collection YY ?YY ?Y Ethanol wash Y Y Beating YY Beating fl Y Ethanol wash Beating in eucalypt forest YYY Y Hand collection YYY ?Y ?Y ? Ethanol wash Y ? Hand collection ?Y Hand collection Y Ethanol wash YY Ethanol wash Y Ethanol wash Hand collection YYY? ? ? Sweep net and beating Hand collection Y N Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) ?

Fain in (Banks, sp. sp. Latreille Oudemans, sp. Guérin-Méneville, sp. Koch, 1836 sp. sp. sp. sp. species

Ugyops 1834 Ugyops Tyrophagus putrescentiae Tyrophagus Tyrophagus Tyrophagus Tyrophagus curvipenis Tyrophagus & Fauvel, 1993 curvipenis Tyrophagus putrescentiae Tyrophagus (Schrank, 1781) putrescentiae Tyrophagus 1924 Typhaea stercorea stercorea Typhaea Typhaea stercorea Typhaea Tydeus Tydeus Tydeus Tydeus Tydeus Tydeus californicus Tydeus 1904) californicus Tydeus stercorea Typhaea (Linnaeus, 1758) Trogoderma Trogoderma Trogoderma Dejean, 1821 Trioza vitreoradiata vitreoradiata Trioza (Maskell, 1879) Trogoderma Target HemipteraHemiptera Delphacidae Delphacidae Sarcoptiformes Acaridae Sarcoptiformes Acaridae SarcoptiformesSarcoptiformes Acaridae Sarcoptiformes Acaridae Acaridae Sarcoptiformes Acaridae TrombidiformesTrombidiformes Tydeidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Tydeidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Trombidiformes Tydeidae Coleoptera Dermestidae HemipteraColeoptera Triozidae Dermestidae Target orderTarget family Target

var. sp. species

Lagunaria patersonia Zehneria baueriana Yucca aloifolia Yucca Citrus ×aurantium Hibiscus rosa- sinensis Capsicum annuum Ananas comosus Solanum mauritianum Araucaria heterophylla Citrus ×aurantium Citrus ×aurantium Pyrus communis Prunus persica nucipersica Neonotonia wightii Arn.) & (Wight J.A.Lackey Persea americana Pittosporum Mangifera indica Host -29.12-29.12 167.95 167.95 14/10/2014 14/10/2014 Malvaceae Cucurbitaceae -29.05 167.98 24/02/2014 Asparagaceae -29.04 167.99 24/11/2014-29.03 Rutaceae 167.94 27/11/2014 Bromeliaceae -29.06-29.03 167.97 167.99-29.01 25/05/2014 24/12/2012-29.05 167.93 Malvaceae Solanaceae 167.95 21/05/2014 24/05/2014 Solanaceae NA NA Sarcoptiformes Acaridae -29.02 167.97 24/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Mycetophagidae -29.03 167.95 25/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Mycetophagidae -29.00 167.93 24/11/2014 Araucariaceae -29.00-29.04 167.93?-29.04 167.99-29.03 24/09/2013 167.99-29.04 14/06/2013 167.96 Rutaceae 27/11/2014-29.03 167.99 Rutaceae 25/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.95 27/11/2014 Unknown 167.97 25/09/2013 Rosaceae 18/02/2014 Unknown Fabaceae NA Trombidiformes Tydeidae NA Coleoptera Mycetophagidae -29.06-29.03 167.94 167.94 22/09/2013 10/10/2014 Lauraceae Unknown Unknown Coleoptera Dermestidae -29.01 167.95 25/02/2014 Pittosporaceae -29.04 167.98 9/10/2014 Anacardiaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 175 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY trap Hand collection from sawn timber Hand collection from dead plants Hand collection from dead twigs and leaves Hand collection from dead wood Hand collection from dead branches Culicoides Berlese funnel from leaf litter under palms Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) NY N Y Hand collection from rocks YN N Y Ethanol wash Sweep net Y Y Ethanol wash Y Y Ethanol wash YY YY YY Y ? Light trap YY N N Hand collection N N Hand collection N N Hand collection N N Hand collection NNN Y Hand collection N Y Beating YY? Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Y Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) (Say, (Say, Wood, Wood, Olliff, Olliff, Pic, 1934 Waterhouse Waterhouse González- Berlese, 1903 Broun, 1903 species

Zonitoides arboreus Zonitoides arboreus 1817) Zonitoides arboreus Zetzellia oudemansi 1967 Zizina labradus & Lyell, 1914 & Lyell, Zetzellia maori Zetzellia maori Rodríguez, 1965 Yarnkothrips kolourus Yarnkothrips Yarnkothrips kolourus Yarnkothrips kolourus Yarnkothrips Zeadolopus Yarnkothrips kolourus Yarnkothrips 1986 Walker, Mound & Xylotoles selwyni Xylotoles selwyni 1888 Xylotoles selwyni Xyleborus norfolkensis Uroplata girardi Uroplata Xyleborus norfolkensis Schedl, 1972 Uroplata girardi girardi Uroplata Uroleucon sonchi Uroleucon Uroobovella Uroleucon sonchi Uroleucon (Linnaeus, 1767) Uroleucon erigeronense erigeronense Uroleucon (Thomas, 1878) Target Stylommatophora Gastrodontidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Trombidiformes Stigmaeidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Cerambycidae Coleoptera Curculionidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Hemiptera Aphididae Target orderTarget family Target , sp. species

persica Araucaria heterophylla Boehmeria australis Citrus ×aurantium Malus pumila Prunus persica var. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Citrus ×jambhiri Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Lantana camara Lantana camara Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus Conyza Host Araucariaceae Unknown Unknown Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Rosaceae, Meliaceae 22/05/2014; 25/09/2013 21/12/2012; 25/12/2013 -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 NA NA Stylommatophora Gastrodontidae -29.02-29.03 167.93 167.97 28/11/2014 Poaceae Unknown Lepidoptera Lycaenidae -29.05 167.92 26/11/2014 Urticaceae -29.00 167.93 26/11/2014 Rutaceae -29.04 167.99 27/11/2014 Rosaceae -29.02-29.01 167.95 -29.05 167.95 167.92 30/11/2014 19/05/2014 Unknown NA Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Coleoptera Leiodidae -29.02 167.95 24/12/2013 -29.02 167.94 22/12/2013 Rutaceae -29.05 167.92 14/06/2013 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.96 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.06 167.96 27/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.97 22/09/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.97 24/02/2014 NA NA Coleoptera Curculionidae -29.05 167.94 22/09/2013 Verbenaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2014 Verbenaceae -29.01 167.94 24/09/2013 Arecaceae Unknown Mesostigmata Urodinychidae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Asteraceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.05 167.97 24/02/2014 Asteraceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

176 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Collection method Mainland Australia (Y/N/?) Y N Beating N Y Hand collection Norfolk Island new record (Y/N/?) Pickard- species

Zygiella Cambridge, 1902 Zonitoides arboreus Zonitoides arboreus Target Araneae Araneidae Stylommatophora Gastrodontidae Target orderTarget family Target species

Nestegis apetala Araucaria heterophylla Host -29.05 167.92 7/10/2014 Oleaceae -29.01 167.92 16/10/2014 Araucariaceae Latitude Longitude Date Host family

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 177 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Table 4. Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey - pest and pathogen testing of Apis mellifera (European honey bees)

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.04 167.99 16/10/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Small hive Aethina tumida -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Nitidulidae Absent Visual Inspection beetle Murray, 1867 Ascosphaera apis (Maasen ex -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Absent Visual Inspection Claussen) L.S.Olive & Spiltoir Black queen Black queen cell -29.04 167.97 16/10//2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Black queen Black queen cell -29.04 167.94 16/10/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Black queen Black queen cell -29.04 167.97 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Braula coeca Nitsch, -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Absent Visual Inspection 1818 Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.00 167.92 25/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.00 167.92 25/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Deformed -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Deformed -29.04 167.99 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Deformed -29.04 167.99 2409/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Greater wax Galleria mellonella -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Absent Visual Inspection moth (Linnaeus, 1758) Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Kashmir bee -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Lake sinai -29.04 167.99 26/09/2013 Unassigned Lake sinai virus 1 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.00 167.92 25/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2 Melissococcus European plutonius (ex White -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood 1912) Bailey and Collins 1983 Paenibacillus larvae American -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae (White 1906) Ash et Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood al. 1994 -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.00 167.92 24/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps clarae Tropilaelaps -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Delfi nado & Baker, Absent Visual Inspection mite 1962 Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps mercedesae -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite Anderson & Morgan, 2007

178 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Varroa destructor -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Truman & Anderson, Absent Visual Inspection 2000 Varroa jacobsoni -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Absent Visual Inspection Oudemans, 1904 Acarapis woodi -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Absent Live bee sampling (Rennie, 1921) Lesser wax Achroia grisella -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Present Visual Inspection moth (Fabricius, 1794) Small hive -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Small hive -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Small hive -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Greater wax -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Malpighamoeba Amoeba -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae mellifi cae Prell, Absent Live bee sampling disease 1926 European Melissococcus -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Paenibacillus larvae American -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae (White 1906) Ash et Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood al. 1994 American -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Lake sinai -29.01 167.92 24/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1 -29.01 167.92 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Apithor traps left in Small hive for 2-weeks, for two -29.01 167.92 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent beetle weeks, then removed and inspected

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 179 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Black queen Black queen cell -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Sticky mat + acaricide -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Deformed -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Kashmir bee -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Lake sinai -29.01 167.92 24/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2 Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.01 167.92 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae Live bee sampling + -29.01 167.92 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.01 167.92 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae Sticky mat + acaricide -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip Sticky mat + acaricide -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip Lesser wax -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.95 27/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Greater wax -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth European Melissococcus -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius American -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.95 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.95 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.95 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip

180 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.95 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip -29.03 167.95 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Apithor traps left in Small hive -29.04 167.93 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent for 2-two weeks, then beetle removed and inspected -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Nosema apis Live bee sampling + -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Absent E.Zander PCR analysis Nosema ceranae I.Fr., F.Feng, J.A.da Live bee sampling + -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Present Silva, S.B.Slemenda PCR analysis Y N.J.Pieniazek American -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.93 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Lesser wax -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Small hive -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 181 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name European Melissococcus -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.97 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Lesser wax -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth European Melissococcus -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius American -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.97 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.94 10/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip

182 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Greater wax -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Absent PCR analysis American -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.94 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.94 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.94 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.94 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip -29.03 167.94 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.04 167.94 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.94 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 183 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Apithor traps left in Small hive for 2-weeks, for two -29.03 167.94 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent beetle weeks, then removed and inspected -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.01 167.92 16/10//2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Small hive -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Apithor traps left in Small hive for 2-weeks, for two -29.01 167.92 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent beetle weeks, then removed and inspected -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection Black queen Black queen cell -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.01 167.92 24/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Deformed -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Deformed -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Greater wax -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Kashmir bee -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Lake sinai -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2 Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.01 167.92 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Absent PCR analysis American -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection

184 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.01 167.92 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.01 167.92 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.01 167.92 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection -29.05 167.96 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.05 167.96 16/10//2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.05 167.96 16/10//2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Small hive -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection Black queen Black queen cell -29.05 167.96 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Black queen Black queen cell -29.05 167.96 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Black queen Black queen cell -29.05 167.96 16/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.96 10/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.05 167.96 26/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Deformed -29.05 167.96 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Deformed -29.05 167.96 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Greater wax -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Kashmir bee -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Lake sinai -29.05 167.96 25/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 185 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Lake sinai -29.05 167.96 26/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.05 167.96 26/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.05 167.96 26/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2 Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.05 167.96 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.05 167.96 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.05 167.96 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.05 167.96 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.96 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.96 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.96 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.05 167.96 24/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.96 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip -29.03 167.97 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling -29.03 167.93 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.03 167.93 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius American -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection

186 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name -29.03 167.93 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Apithor traps left in Small hive for 2-weeks, for two -29.03 167.93 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent beetle weeks, then removed and inspected Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.93 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.93 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis Greater wax -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.02 167.94 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Lesser wax -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.03 167.96 16/10/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Small hive -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Small hive -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Small hive -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Apithor traps left in for Small hive -29.03 167.96 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent 2-weeks, then removed beetle and inspected -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 187 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Black queen Black queen cell -29.03 167.96 16/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.03 167.96 25/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Deformed -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Greater wax -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Greater wax -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Greater wax -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Kashmir bee -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Kashmir bee -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Lake sinai -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.03 167.96 25/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2 Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.03 167.96 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood American -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood American -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.03 167.96 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite

188 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 24/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.96 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Acute bee -29.05 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus Small hive -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.94 10/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Greater wax -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.05 167.94 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.94 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.94 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.94 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.05 167.94 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 189 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.94 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip -29.02 167.96 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.02 167.96 16/10//2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Small hive -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Apithor traps left in for Small hive -29.02 167.96 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent 2-weeks, then removed beetle and inspected -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection Black queen Black queen cell -29.02 167.96 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.02 167.96 27/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.02 167.96 24/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Deformed -29.02 167.96 16/10//2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Greater wax -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Kashmir bee -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Lake sinai -29.02 167.96 16/10//2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.02 167.96 26/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2 Lake sinai -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2 Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.02 167.96 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.02 167.96 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.02 167.96 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.02 167.96 24/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.02 167.96 16/10/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite

190 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Tropilaelaps -29.02 167.96 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.02 167.96 27/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.02 167.96 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.02 167.96 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.02 167.96 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip Lesser wax -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Acute bee Acute bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus virus Small hive -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Apithor traps left in Small hive -29.06 167.94 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent for two weeks, then beetle removed and inspected Black queen Black queen cell -29.06 167.94 24/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Black queen Black queen cell -29.06 167.94 25/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Black queen Black queen cell -29.06 167.94 16/10//2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR cell virus virus Sticky mat + acaricide -29.06 167.94 10/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip -29.06 167.96 26/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.06 167.94 24/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Chronic bee Chronic bee -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Unassigned Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Deformed -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Deformed -29.06 167.94 16/10/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Deformed -29.06 167.94 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Deformed wing virus Absent Bee sample PCR wing virus Greater wax -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Israeli acute Israeli acute -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Absent Bee sample PCR paralysis virus paralysis virus Kashmir bee -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Dicistroviridae Kashmir bee virus Absent Bee sample PCR virus Lake sinai -29.06 167.94 16/10/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.06 167.94 16/10/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 1 Present Bee sample PCR virus 1 Lake sinai -29.06 167.94 24/09/2013 Unassigned Lake Sinai virus 2 Absent Bee sample PCR virus 2

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 191 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name European Melissococcus -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.06 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.06 167.94 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR -29.06 167.94 24/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR -29.06 167.94 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Bee sample PCR Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 16/10/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 24/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 25/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Slow paralysis Slow bee paralysis -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Ifl aviridae Absent Bee sample PCR virus virus Tropilaelaps -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.06 167.94 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.06 167.94 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.06 167.94 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.06 167.94 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip Sticky mat + acaricide -29.06 167.94 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.97 10/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Greater wax -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.97 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite

192 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.05 167.97 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.97 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.05 167.97 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.05 167.97 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.02 167.95 9/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.98 10/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Absent PCR analysis American -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 193 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.98 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.98 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.98 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.03 167.98 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip -29.03 167.98 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Lesser wax -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Greater wax -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth European Melissococcus -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius American -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.03 167.99 26/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Tracheal mite Tarsonemidae Acarapis woodi Absent Live bee sampling Lesser wax -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Lesser wax -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Achroia grisella Present Visual Inspection moth Small hive -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Small hive -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent Visual Inspection beetle Apithor traps left in Small hive -29.04 167.99 10/10/2013 Nitidulidae Aethina tumida Absent for two weeks, then beetle removed and inspected -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Chalkbrood Ascosphaeraceae Ascosphaera apis Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.04 167.99 27/09/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Sticky mat + acaricide -29.04 167.99 10/10/2013 Braula fl y Braulidae Braula coeca Absent strip Greater wax -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth

194 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name Greater wax -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Pyralidae Galleria mellonella Absent Visual Inspection moth Amoeba Malpighamoeba -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Malpighamoebidae Absent Live bee sampling disease mellifi cae European Melissococcus -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood plutonius Live bee sampling + -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema apis Absent PCR analysis Live bee sampling + -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Nosema Nosematidae Nosema ceranae Present PCR analysis American -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood American -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Visual Inspection foulbrood -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Sacbrood virus Ifl aviridae Sacbrood virus Absent Visual Inspection Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Visual Inspection mite Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.99 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Tropilaelaps clarae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Visual Inspection mite mercedesae Tropilaelaps Tropilaelaps -29.04 167.99 10/10/2013 Laelapidae Absent Sticky mat + acaricide mite mercedesae -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.04 167.99 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip Sticky mat + acaricide -29.04 167.99 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa destructor Absent strip -29.04 167.99 25/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection -29.04 167.99 8/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent Visual Inspection Sticky mat + acaricide -29.04 167.99 10/10/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip Sticky mat + acaricide -29.04 167.99 27/09/2013 Varroa mite Varroidae Varroa jacobsoni Absent strip European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/02/2010 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/04/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/12/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/04/2014 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/02/2010 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/04/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/09/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 195 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Test target Test target Testing Latitude Longitude Date common Test target Family Collection method organism results name European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/10/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/12/2013 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius European Melissococcus -29.04 167.94 1/04/2014 Enterococcaceae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood plutonius American -29.04 167.94 1/02/2010 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/12/2012 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/04/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/12/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/04/2014 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/02/2010 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/12/2012 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/04/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/09/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/10/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/12/2013 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood American -29.04 167.94 1/04/2014 Paenibacillaceae Paenibacillus larvae Absent Composite honey sample foulbrood

196 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Table 5. Norfolk Island Table Quarantine Survey - non- fungal plant pathogens ed ed ed ed ed ed Notes ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR JT-123; ringspots; JT-123; identifi JT513; identifi by PCR JT535; identifi by PCR AGNov14-38; identifi JT521B; identifi by PCR AGNov14-36; identifi AGNov14-37; identifi JT-218; interveinal JT-218; chlorosis, cupping; Identifi and sequencing FebAG-9; upward leaf curling; identifi and sequencing identifi JT511; by PCR JT534; identifi by PCR JT547; identifi by PCR JT566; volunteer cherry tomato; identifi method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Liefting ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae RhizobialesRhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae RhizobialesRhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiaceae L. Hepper (L.) Capsicum annuum L. Capsicum annuum RhizobialesCapsicum annuum Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Datura stramonium L. Rhizobiaceae Nicandra physalodes Gaertn. Nicandra physalodes Solanum linnaeanum & P.-M.L.Jaeger Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.04 167.96 10/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93-29.00 16/11/2014 167.93 Solanaceae 16/11/2015 Solanaceae -29.04 167.96 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 16/11/2015 Solanaceae -29.01 167.93 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.01 167.93 16/11/2015 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99-29.04 20/02/2014 167.96-29.00 Solanaceae 13/11/2014 167.93-29.05 Solanaceae 16/11/2014 167.93-29.04 Solanaceae 18/11/2014 167.99 Solanaceae 18/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Solanaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 197 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY ed ed ed ed ed by ed ed ed by ed ed by ed ed by ed Notes ed by ELISA ed by ELISA ed by ELISA ed by PCR ed by ELISA ed by ELISA ed by ELISA JT544; mosaic, identifi AMV; ELISA FebAG-6; strong mosaic; identifi by ELISA JT-203; strong JT-203; chlorotic spots and rings; identifi ELISA NIBS-116; NIBS-116; identifi leaf NIBS-117; mottle; identifi ELISA AGNov14-14; identifi JT568; identifi by PCR AGNov14-39; 6 samples; identifi by PCR with internal Tuber necrosis; identifi by PCR JT-219; bright JT-219; yellow blotches; identifi JT512; identifi ELISA JT521A; identifi by ELISA JT336; white blotches, rings; identifi JT337; white blotches, rings. Identifi JT338; white blotches, rings. Identifi AGNov14-29; identifi method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus BromoviridaeBromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Alfalfa mosaic virus BromoviridaeBromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus BromoviridaeBromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Alfalfa mosaic virus Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae RhizobialesUnassigned Rhizobiaceae Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned

L. orum orum Rhizobiales Rhizobiaceae L. Datura stramonium Limonium latifolium (Sm.) Kuntze Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Solanum nodifl Jacq. Solanum melongena L. Solanum nodifl Solanum tuberosum L. Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Cichorium intybus L. Coriandrum sativum Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.06 167.96 19/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Plumbaginaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.99 18/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.01 167.93-29.04 16/11/2015 167.99-29.03 Solanaceae 18/11/2014 167.99 Solanaceae 20/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.96 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 30/05/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99-29.03 30/05/2014-29.05 167.99 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93 30/05/2014 Solanaceae 167.93 15/11/2014 Asteraceae 18/11/2014 Apiaceae

198 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY ed ed ed by ed ed by ed ower Notes ed by ELISA ed by ELISA ed by PCR ed by ELISA ed by ELISA ed by ELISA ed by ELISA ed by ELISA NIBS-118; leaf NIBS-118; mottle; identifi ELISA NIBS-119; NIBS-119; prominent mosaic and interveinal yellowing; identifi NIBS-120; prominent yellow mosaic; Identifi by ELISA NIBS-121; prominent yellow mosaic; identifi by ELISA NIBS-122; samples mostly asymptomatic or with mild mottle; identifi OctAG-23; weedy plant, mosaic; identifi and sequencing AGNov14-8; strong yellow mosaic; photo 2903; identifi AGNov14-24; vein clearing; AMV; photo 4518; identifi JT559; fl break, oak leaf; identifi JT507; BPYV; JT507; BPYV; identifi JT526; identifi ELISA AGNov14-32; identifi method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Nicandra physalodes Nicandra physalodes Petunia ×atkinsiana (Sweet) D.Don ex W.H.Baxter Solanum lycopersicum Solanum nodifl orum Solanum nodifl Sonchus oleraceus L. Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.93 14/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.05 167.94 14/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.96 18/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.96 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.05 167.94 15/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93 15/11/2014 Asteraceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 199 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY ed ed ed ed by ed Notes ed by ELISA ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by ELISA ed by PCR ed by ELISA ed by ELISA JT-121; mosaic, JT-121; seedling Granny Smith, green fruit with red blush; identifi and sequencing JT-63; some yellow JT-63; blotches, identifi by PCR and sequencing NIBS-211; all NIBS-211; followers in a clump with BSV symptoms; 12 yr old planting; identifi and sequencing AGNov14-31; identifi JT175; yellow mosaic; identifi by ELISA JT177; vein mosaic. Identifi AGOct14-7; about 10% infection; strong mosaic, inward rolling of leaves; identifi ELISA JT-116; mosaic; JT-116; identifi and sequencing JT-172; yellow JT-172; mosaic; identifi by ELISA OctAG-12; bright yellow mosaic; identifi AGNov14-25; AMV, photo 4519, yellow mosaic; identifi method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Banana streak IM Banana streak virus Banana streak OL OL Banana streak virus Alstroemeria Alstroemeria mosaic virus Bromoviridae Apple mosaic virus Caulimoviridae Caulimoviridae BromoviridaeBromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Potyviridae Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Bromoviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned L. Mill. L. L. L. AAB L. AAAA L. AAAA repens repens Musa Group Musa Williams Group, cv. Vicia faba Vicia Alstroemeria Alstroemeria Malus pumila Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var. Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Stachys arvensis repens Trifolium var. Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.02 167.96 17/06/2013 Musaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Musaceae -29.03 167.93 14/10/2013-29.04 Fabaceae 167.96 Unknown 13/10/2014 Fabaceae Unassigned -29.03 167.93 14/10/2013 Unknown -29.04 Unassigned 167.96 10/10/2013 Alstroemeriaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2013 Rosaceae -29.05 167.93 15/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96-29.05 10/10/2013 167.94 Lamiaceae -29.05 14/11/2014 167.95 Lamiaceae 14/10/2013 Fabaceae

200 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY ed ed ed ed ed Notes ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR JT555; mosaic, leaf down curling; identifi and sequencing Mosaic by PCR and sequencing JT-161; mosaic; JT-161; identifi JT501; Philip Island; identifi JT503; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-12; mosaic; JT-12; identifi and sequencing JT-17; mosaic; JT-17; identifi and sequencing JT-29; identifi JT-29; by PCR and sequencing JT-4; identifi JT-4; by PCR and sequencing JT-51; mosaic; JT-51; identifi and sequencing JT-65; identifi JT-65; by PCR and sequencing NIBS-212; identifi and sequencing JT-112; mosaic; JT-112; identifi and sequencing JT-243; mosaic. JT-243; Identifi and sequencing method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Bean yellow mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Potyviridae Potyviridae virus Y Carrot Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Phaseolus vulgaris L. Coriandrum sativum Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Commelina cyanea R.Br. Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Apiaceae 12/06/2013 0:00 Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.05 167.93 18/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 -29.06 167.96 12/10/2013 Araceae -29.12 167.95 12/11/2014 Commelinaceae -29.12 167.95 12/11/2014 Commelinaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.06 167.97 17/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.00 167.93 9/10/2013 Commelinaceae -29.00 167.93 22/02/2014 Commelinaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 201 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY ed ed ed ed by ed ed ed ed Notes ower ed by PCR ed by PCR ecks, owers; identifi owers; JT67; mosaic; identifi and sequencing Stunting, chlorotic vein fl chlorosis OctAG-2; 1 symptomatic plant in 2 x 60 m rows; chlorotic spots and vein yellowing on leaves; chlorotic rings and bumpiness on fruit; identifi OctAG-5; veinal yellowing, chlorotic spotting; identifi by PCR necrotic JT-113; rings, fl break; identifi by serology (immunostrip) necrotic JT-114B; spots, yellow small; identifi by serology (immunostrip). identifi JT; by serology (immunostrip) NIBS206; identifi by serology (immunostrip) OctAG-7; black necrotic spots on fl by serology (immunostrip) JT-240; chlorosis JT-240; stripes; identifi electron microscopy method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Commelina mild mosaic virus Commelina mild mosaic virus Cucumber mosaic virus Cucumber mosaic virus Cymbidium mosaic virus Cymbidium mosaic virus Cymbidium mosaic virus Cymbidium mosaic virus Cymbidium mosaic virus Digitaria striate virus Potyviridae Potyviridae Bromoviridae Bromoviridae Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Mononegavirales Rhabdoviridae L. L. Sw. L. Lindl. sp. Commelina cyanea Pisum sativum Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita pepo Cattleya Cattleya Dendrobium Epidendrum hybrid Phalaenopsis Blume Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.06 167.97 17/06/2013 Commelinaceae -29.05 167.93 18/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 9/10/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.00 167.93 9/10/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.04 167.96-29.04 10/10/2013 Orchidaceae 167.96-29.04 10/10/2013 Orchidaceae 167.96-29.04 10/10/2013 167.99 Orchidaceae 14/06/2013 Orchidaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2013 Orchidaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae

202 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY ed ed ed ed ed ed by ed ed by ed ed ed ed ed Notes ed by PCR ed by PCR owers; identifi owers; JT-241; chlorosis JT-241; stripes; identifi electron microscopy JT-242; chlorosis JT-242; stripes; identifi electron microscopy FebAG-4; Chlorotic. Identifi by PCR JT-6; identifi JT-6; by PCR and sequencing identifi JT-151; by PCR and sequencing NIBS-130; identifi and sequencing Mosaic; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-114; necrotic JT-114; rings; identifi by serology (immunostrip) OctAG-7; black necrotic spots on fl by serology (immunostrip) JT546; mottle; identifi and sequencing JT-32; identifi JT-32; by PCR and sequencing JT-5; identifi JT-5; by PCR and sequencing JT514; chlorotic mosaic; identifi by PCR and sequencing method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Digitaria striate virus Digitaria striate virus Hibiscus chlorotic Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus Leek yellow stripe virus Narcissus degeneration virus Narcissus Narcissus degeneration virus Odontoglossum ringspot virus Odontoglossum ringspot virus Pea seed-borne mosaic virus Potato leaf roll Potato leaf roll virus Potato leaf roll Potato leaf roll virus Tombusviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Virgaviridae Virgaviridae Potyviridae Luteoviridae Luteoviridae Potyviridae Potato virus Y Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Garlic virus B Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned

L. var. var. sp. Ser. Herb. L. ’Dancing ampeloprasum Digitaria ciliaris Mononegavirales Rhabdoviridae Digitaria ciliaris Mononegavirales Rhabdoviridae Allium ampeloprasum var. Hibiscus ampeloprasum Allium ampeloprasum Hippeastrum jonquilla Narcissus L. Cattleya Lady’ Phalaenopsis Pisum sativum macrocarpum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Capsicum annuum Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.96-29.03 19/02/2014 167.93 Alliaceae 12/06/2013 Malvaceae -29.03 167.93-29.04 11/10/2013 167.99-29.03 Alliaceae 14/06/2013 167.96 Amaryllidaceae 12/06/2013 Amaryllidaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2013 Orchidaceae -29.04 167.96 10/10/2013 Orchidaceae -29.05 167.93 18/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.04 167.96 13/11/2014 Solanaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 203 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY ed ed ed ed ed ed Notes ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR JT515; green vein banding; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-53; vein JT-53; chlorosis; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-55; yellow JT-55; mosaic; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-181; mosaic; JT-181; identifi and sequencing NIBS-106; identifi and sequencing interveinal JT-27; chlorosis; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-3; PLRV; PLRV; JT-3; identifi and sequencing JT-56; Mottle; JT-56; identifi and sequencing FebAG-4; chlorotic; identifi mosaic; JT-58; identifi mosaic; JT11; identifi AGNov14-23; vein clearing; photo 4515; identifi by PCR JT40; identifi by EM, PCR and sequencing method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Potyvirus Potyvirus Potyvirus Potyviridae Potato virus Y Potyviridae Potato virus Y Potyviridae Potato virus Y Potyviridae Potato virus Y Potyviridae Potato virus Y Potyviridae Potato virus Y Potyviridae Potato virus Y Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyvirus Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyvirus Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned

L. var. var. Ser. (Sw.) (Sw.) (L.) G.Don Capsicum annuum Desmodium tortuosum DC. Nicandra physalodes Nicotiana tabacum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum tuberosum UnassignedSolanum tuberosum Potyviridae Potato virus Y Solanum tuberosum Catharanthus roseus Coriandrum sativum Pisum sativum ampeloprasum macrocarpum Allium ampeloprasum Rheum ×rhabarbarum Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.04 167.96 13/11/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.95 17/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.99 17/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 14/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93-29.03 13/06/2013 167.93 Solanaceae 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 17/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03-29.00 167.95 167.93-29.05 17/06/2013 Apocynaceae 12/06/2013 167.94 Apiaceae 14/11/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 19/02/2014 Alliaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Polygonaceae

204 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY ed ed ed ed Notes ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR ed by PCR JT-21; mosaic; JT-21; identifi and sequencing JT-25; interveinal JT-25; chlorosis; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-26; interveinal JT-26; chlorosis; identifi by PCR and sequencing JT-30; mosaic; JT-30; identifi and sequencing identifi JT-28; by PCR and sequencing AGNov14-41; mottle;. identifi by PCR, serology (immunostrip); isolate Q6376 FebAG-4; chlorotic; identifi Identifi and sequencing OctAG-18; symptomless; identifi and sequencing. Identifi mosaic; JT-164; identifi and sequencing NIQS-DRB-16; dried specimen NIQS-RGS-4-42; dried specimen NIQS-RGS-4-42; dried specimen NIQS-DRB-54; dried specimen method Collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection Hand collection sp. sp. sp. Tobacco yellow Tobacco dwarf virus Tobacco yellow Tobacco dwarf virus Tobacco yellow Tobacco dwarf virus Tobacco yellow Tobacco dwarf virus yellow Tobacco dwarf virus Tomato mosaic Tomato virus Unknown White clover mosaic virus White clover mosaic virus Unknown mosaic Velthemia virus Xanthomonas Dowson Geminiviridae Geminiviridae Geminiviridae Geminiviridae Geminiviridae Virgaviridae Closteroviridae Potyviridae Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Unassigned Tymovirales exiviridae Betafl Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Unassigned Unassigned Tymovirales exiviridae Alphafl Xanthomonadales Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonadales Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonas

var. Scop. Jacq. repens repens Datura stramonium Datura stramonium Datura stramonium Phaseolus vulgaris Solanum mauritianum orum Solanum nodifl ampeloprasum Allium ampeloprasum Solanum lycopersicum Ornithogalum thyrsoides Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var. Brassica oleracea L. Trifolium repens repens Trifolium var. Brassica oleracea Xanthomonadales Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonas Brassica oleracea Xanthomonadales Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonas Solanum lycopersicum Latitude Longitude Date Host family Host species order Target family Target species Target -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93-29.00 13/06/2013 Solanaceae 167.93 16/11/2015 Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 19/02/2014 Alliaceae -29.03-29.04 167.93 167.96 19/11/2014 Solanaceae 12/10/2013 Asparagaceae -29.02 167.94-29.00 13/10/2013 167.93 Fabaceae 12/06/2013 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.94 12/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.98 27/05/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.98 27/05/2014 Brassicaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 205 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Table 6. Norfolk Table Island Quarantine Survey - fungal plant pathogens Notes method Collection Hand collection 61255 a BRIP Hand collection 60162 a BRIP Hand collection 59999 a BRIP Hand collection 60226 a BRIP Hand collection 60359 a BRIP Hand collection 61703 a BRIP Hand collection 60295 a BRIP Hand collection 60295 b BRIP Hand collection 59362 c BRIP Hand collection 59362 a BRIP Hand collection 59362 b BRIP Hand collection 59697 a BRIP Hand collection 60165 a BRIP Hand collection 61046 a BRIP Hand collection 61713 a BRIP Hand collection 60315 a BRIP Hand collection 60163 a BRIP Hand collection 60163 d BRIP Hand collection 60163 c BRIP Hand collection 60163 b BRIP . sp . sp. sp. sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Colletotrichum fi oriniae Colletotrichum fi Diaporthe leucospermi Endoraecium Erysiphe acalyphae Pestalotiopsis Cercospora Nigrospora Nigrospora Colletotrichum cordylinicola Pestalotiopsis Phoma pedeiae Diaporthe Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella Leveillula allii Stemphylium Alternaria alternata Diaporthe Diaporthe Fusarium incarnatum Verticillium dahliae Verticillium Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Raveneliaceae Erysiphaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Incertae sedis Diaporthaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Erysiphaceae Pleosporaceae Pleosporaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Nectriaceae Plectosphaerellaceae (Willd.) (Willd.) L. A.Cunn. Willd. Müll.Arg. L. L. Planch. (Regel) L. (O.Berg.) (O.Berg.) L. L. Abutilon grandifolium Sweet Abutilon grandifolium Acacia podalyriifolia ex G.Don Acalypha wilkesiana Acca sellowiana Burret Achyranthes aspera Actinidia chinesis Actinidia chinesis Agapanthus praecox Agapanthus praecox Agapanthus praecox Agave Ageratina riparia R.M.King & H.Rob. Allium ampeloprasum Allium cepa Allium fi stulosum Allium fi Amaranthus blitum Amaranthus blitum Amaranthus blitum Amaranthus blitum Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.94 28/05/2014 Malvaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Malvaceae -29.02 167.96 2/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 4/10/2013 Euphorbiaceae -29.03-29.12 167.93 167.96 19/02/2014 Myrtaceae 15/10/2014 Amaranthaceae -29.03 167.93 16/02/2014 Actinidiaceae -29.03 167.93 16/02/2014 Actinidiaceae -29.04 167.96 17/06/2013 Agapanthaceae -29.04-29.04 167.96 167.96 17/06/2013 Agapanthaceae 17/06/2013 Agapanthaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Agavaceae -29.04 167.96-29.03 4/10/2013 167.93 Asteraceae 19/02/2014 Alliaceae -29.01 167.93 12/10/2014 Alliaceae -29.04 167.92 18/02/2014 Alliaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Amaranthaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Amaranthaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Amaranthaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Amaranthaceae

206 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60308 a BRIP Hand collection 60312 a BRIP Hand collection 60312 b BRIP Hand collection 60337 a BRIP Hand collection 59661 a BRIP Hand collection 59662 a BRIP Hand collection 59713 a BRIP Hand collection 61423 a BRIP Hand collection 61424 a BRIP Hand collection 61424 b BRIP Hand collection 61262 a BRIP Hand collection 59383 a BRIP Hand collection 61031 a BRIP Hand collection 59708 a BRIP Hand collection 59695 a BRIP Hand collection 59360 a BRIP Hand collection 59377 a BRIP Hand collection 61248 a BRIP Hand collection 61419 a BRIP Hand collection 59385 a BRIP Hand collection 61694 b BRIP sp. sp. . . sp. sp sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Nigrospora Alternaria Colletotrichum queenslandicum Cladosporium cladosporioides Septoria apiicola Septoria apiicola Nigrospora Phellinus noxius Phellinus noxius Phellinus noxius Pycnoporus Verticillium Verticillium Golovinomyces macrocarpus Colletotrichum Diaporthe leucospermi Pestalotiopsis Colletotrichum Arthrinium Colletotrichum boninense Phellinus noxius Phoma Incertae sedis Pleosporaceae Glomerellaceae Davidiellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Incertae sedis Hymenochaetaceae Hymenochaetaceae Hymenochaetaceae Polyporaceae Plectosphaerellaceae Erysiphaceae Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Hymenochaetaceae Incertae sedis Lam. (J.Sm.) (Salisb.) Kunze . dulce . dulce L. L. (G.Forst.) ed) Apiosporaceae var var Webb ex Sch. Webb Labill. sp. Steud. Anethum graveolens Anigozanthos Anigozanthos Anthosachne Apium graveolens (Mill.) DC. Apium graveolens Araucaria heterophylla Franco Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla Argyranthemum Bip. Artocarpus heterophyllus Artocarpus heterophyllus Asparagus offi cinalis Asparagus offi Asplenium australasicum Hook. Asplenium dimorphum Baloghia inophylla P.S.Green Baloghia inophylla Baloghia inophylla Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.04 167.99 18/02/2014 Apiaceae -29.04-29.04 167.96-29.04 167.96 19/02/2014-29.03 167.96 Haemodoraceae 19/02/2014 Haemodoraceae 167.93 18/02/2014-29.00 Poaceae 12/06/2013 167.93-29.06 Apiaceae 12/06/2013 167.94 Apiaceae 4/10/2013 Araucariaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.02-29.02 167.96-29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 167.96 Araucariaceae 30/05/2014 Araucariaceae 30/05/2014 Araucariaceae -29.01-29.04 167.95 167.98 16/06/2013 Araucariaceae 18/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.96 2/10/2013 Moraceae -29.04-29.05 167.99-29.05 167.97 1/10/2013 167.97 Asparagaceae 13/06/2013 Aspleniaceae 13/06/2013 Aspleniaceae -29.01 167.94 25/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.03-29.03 167.94-29.01 167.94 28/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae 167.92 16/06/2013 Euphorbiaceae 12/10/2014 Poaceae Bamboo (unidentifi

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 207 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59717 a BRIP Hand collection 60347 a BRIP Hand collection 60343 a BRIP Hand collection 61925 a BRIP Hand collection 59694 a BRIP Hand collection 61917 a BRIP Hand collection 60079 a BRIP Hand collection 60079 b BRIP Hand collection 60217 a BRIP Hand collection 61218 a BRIP Hand collection 61743 a BRIP Hand collection 59560 a BRIP Hand collection 59579 a BRIP Hand collection 60217 b BRIP Hand collection 61694 a BRIP Hand collection 61699 a BRIP Hand collection 61718 b BRIP Hand collection 61048 a BRIP Hand collection a 60011 BRIP Hand collection 60342 a BRIP Hand collection 60339 a BRIP . sp. sp sp. Stemphylium Colletotrichum novae- zelandiae beticola Cercospora Cercospora beticola Cercospora Cercospora beticola Cercospora Diaporthe endophytica Cercospora beticola Cercospora Diaporthe endophytica Entyloma bidentis Entyloma bidentis bidenticola Uromyces bidenticola Uromyces bidenticola Uromyces bidenticola Uromyces Peyronellaea Microdochium Puccinia kenmorensis Cladosporium cladosporioides Puccinia kenmorensis Puccinia kenmorensis Cladosporium cladosporioides Pleosporaceae Glomerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Diaporthaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Diaporthaceae Entylomataceae Entylomataceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Davidiellaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Davidiellaceae L. italica vulgaris (Steud.) ed)sedis Incertae L. cicla cicla cicla cicla var. var. L. var. var. var. var. var. var. var. L. var. L. vulgaris

Beta vulgaris Beta vulgaris Beta vulgaris Beta Beta vulgaris Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bidens pilosa Bothriochloa macra S.T.Blake Begonia Bothriochloa macra Bothriochloa macra Bothriochloa macra Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea Plenck Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.05-29.02 167.97 167.96 21/02/2014 Chenopodiaceae 19/02/2014 Chenopodiaceae -29.02-29.00 167.96-29.00 167.93 17/12/2014-29.06 Chenopodiaceae 167.93 30/09/2013-29.06 Chenopodiaceae 167.94 15/12/2014-29.03 Chenopodiaceae 167.94 29/09/2013-29.02 Asteraceae 167.93 29/09/2013-29.12 Asteraceae 167.94 2/10/2013-29.03 167.95 Asteraceae 25/05/2014-29.03 Asteraceae 167.93 14/10/2014-29.03 Asteraceae 167.98 12/06/2013-29.12 Asteraceae 167.93 14/06/2013 Asteraceae 167.95 2/10/2013 Asteraceae 14/10/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 1/10/2013 Begoniaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Poaceae -29.01-29.00 167.95-29.02 167.95 19/02/2014-29.04 Poaceae 167.96 4/10/2013 167.93 Poaceae 19/02/2014 Brassicaceae 18/02/2014 Brassicaceae -29.01 167.92 12/10/2014 Poaceae Bamboo (unidentifi

208 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59701 a BRIP Hand collection 61244 a BRIP Hand collection 61715 a BRIP Hand collection 61943 a BRIP Hand collection 59700 a BRIP Hand collection 61948 a BRIP Hand collection 61236 a BRIP Hand collection 59567 a BRIP Hand collection 59327 a BRIP Hand collection 59327 b BRIP Hand collection 60024 a BRIP Hand collection 61263 b BRIP Hand collection 60030 a BRIP Hand collection 61722 a BRIP Hand collection 61922 a BRIP Hand collection 59367 a BRIP Hand collection 59369 a BRIP Hand collection 61263 a BRIP Hand collection 61263 d BRIP Hand collection 61263 e BRIP Hand collection 61263 f BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. . sp. sp. sp. sp Erysiphe cruciferarum Bipolaris sorokiniana Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia Diaporthe Puccinia thaliae Puccinia thaliae Puccinia thaliae Puccinia thaliae Colletotrichum theobromicola Leveillula taurica Alternaria Puccinia Puccinia cnici Alternaria Asperisporium caricae Asperisporium caricae Asperisporium caricae Colletotrichum Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Erysiphaceae Pleosporaceae Sclerotiniaceae Diaporthaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Glomerellaceae Erysiphaceae Pleosporaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pleosporaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Glomerellaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae . italica rapa Curtis Vahl L. var (Sw.) DC. (Sw.) Endl. L. L. var. . . . . sp L sp sp Brassica oleracea Brassica rapa catharticus Bromus Canavalia rosea Canna Canna Canna Canna Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Carduus tenuifl orus tenuifl Carduus Carica papaya Carica papaya Carex neesiana Carex Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03-29.00 167.99-29.05 167.93 1/10/2013-29.00 167.92 Brassicaceae 29/05/2014 Brassicaceae 167.94 12/10/2014 Poaceae 30/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.06 167.96 18/12/2014 Cannaceae -29.06 167.96 16/12/2014 Cannaceae -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Cannaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Cannaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.98 3/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.02-29.01 167.96 167.93 30/05/2014 Caricaceae 16/10/2014 Caricaceae -29.05 167.92 1/10/2013 Cyperaceae -29.04 167.96 16/12/2014 Caricaceae -29.03 167.96 12/06/2013 Caricaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 209 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61263 g BRIP Hand collection 61263 h BRIP Hand collection 61263 i BRIP Hand collection 61263 c BRIP Hand collection 60203 a BRIP Hand collection 61922 b BRIP Hand collection 59998 a BRIP Hand collection 61734 a BRIP Hand collection 61927 b BRIP Hand collection 59365 a BRIP Hand collection 61927 c BRIP Hand collection 61927 d BRIP Hand collection 59575 a BRIP Hand collection 59583 a BRIP Hand collection 61927 a BRIP Hand collection 60227 a BRIP Hand collection 61222 a BRIP Hand collection 60336 b BRIP Hand collection 59691 a BRIP Hand collection 59561 a BRIP Hand collection 59379 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. . sp sp. sp. sp. . sp. sp. sp. sp Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Fusarium Podosphaera xanthii Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum Albugo trianthemae Penicillium Erysiphe Bipolaris zeae Nigrospora Nigrospora Cladosporium cladosporioides Phakopsora apoda Phakopsora apoda Phoma Puccinia oahuensis Puccinia oahuensis Fusarium Puccinia substriata Pyricularia Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Erysiphaceae Incertae sedis Albuginaceae Trichocomaceae Erysiphaceae Pleosporaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Davidiellaceae Phakopsoraceae Phakopsoraceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Nectriaceae Pucciniaceae Magnaporthaceae (Haw.) (Haw.) Thunb. (Hochst. (Wangenh.) (Wangenh.) (Endl.) Planch. Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya Carica papaya glaucescens Carpobrotus Schwantes Carya illinoinensis K.Koch Cenchrus clandestinus Morrone ex Chiov.) Cenchrus clandestinus Celtis paniculata Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus clandestinus Cenchrus purpurascens Cenchrus purpurascens Cenchrus purpurascens Cenchrus purpurascens Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Caricaceae -29.00-29.04 167.93-29.05 167.96 30/09/2013-29.04 Caricaceae 167.92 16/12/2014 Caricaceae 167.99 1/10/2013 Aizoaceae 14/06/2013 Juglandaceae -29.05 167.95 19/12/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.95 19/12/2014 Poaceae -29.05 167.92 12/10/2014 Ulmaceae -29.05 167.95 19/12/2014 Poaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99-29.05 167.99 14/06/2013-29.06 Poaceae 167.95 17/06/2013-29.00 Poaceae 167.94 19/12/2014-29.01 Poaceae 167.93 29/09/2013-29.01 Poaceae 167.93 25/05/2014 Poaceae 167.93 17/02/2014 Poaceae 29/09/2013 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Poaceae -29.05 167.97 13/06/2013 Poaceae

210 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61254 a BRIP Hand collection 60336 a BRIP Hand collection 60303 b BRIP Hand collection 60303 a BRIP Hand collection 59580 a BRIP Hand collection 61350 a BRIP Hand collection 61916 a BRIP Hand collection 60344 a BRIP Hand collection 60235 a BRIP Hand collection 61034 a BRIP Hand collection 60087 a BRIP Hand collection 60087 c BRIP Hand collection 60087 d BRIP Hand collection 60087 b BRIP Hand collection 61251 a BRIP Hand collection 61461 a BRIP Hand collection 61251 b BRIP Hand collection 61460 a BRIP Hand collection 59802 a BRIP Hand collection 59380 a BRIP Hand collection 61414 a BRIP . sp sp. sp. . sp sp. Pyricularia Stagonosporopsis Stagonosporopsis Colletotrichum Neofusicoccum parvum Cercospora Cercospora pseudochenopodii Cercospora Cercospora pseudochenopodii Cercospora Cercospora pseudochenopodii Cladosporium cladosporioides Puccinia chrysanthemi Puccinia chrysanthemi Diaporthe endophytica Diaporthe endophytica Diaporthe endophytica Diaporthe leucospermi Alternaria Elsinoë fawcettii Elsinoë fawcettii Elsinoë fawcettii Alternaria daucifolii Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Monosporascus Magnaporthaceae Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Davidiellaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Pleosporaceae Elsinoaceae Elsinoaceae Elsinoaceae Pleosporaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis L. morifolium morifolium Lush. × × (Savi) Ten. (L.) Osbeck Kunth (L.) Osbeck jambhiri jambhiri jambhiri jambhiri limon limon sinensis × × × × × × × Cenchrus purpurascens Cenchrus purpurascens Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer Chamelaucium uncinatum Chenopodium album Chenopodium album Chenopodium album Chloris gayana Chrysanthemum Ramat. Chrysanthemum Ramat. Cirsium vulgare Cirsium vulgare Cirsium vulgare Cirsium vulgare Cirsium vulgare Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Citrus Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Poaceae -29.01 167.93 17/02/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Myrtaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Chenopodiaceae -29.03 167.98 27/05/2014 Chenopodiaceae -29.00 167.93 15/12/2014 Chenopodiaceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.96 14/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.03 167.96 4/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.03 167.96 4/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.03 167.96 4/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.03 167.96 4/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.02 167.93 26/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.03 167.94 27/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.02 167.93 26/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.01 167.94 25/05/2014 Rutaceae -29.06 167.94 29/09/2013 Rutaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 29/05/2014 Rutaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 211 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61754 a BRIP Hand collection 59568 a BRIP Hand collection 59690 a BRIP Hand collection 59795 c BRIP Hand collection 61256 a BRIP Hand collection 61721 a BRIP Hand collection 61721 f BRIP Hand collection 61256 b BRIP Hand collection 61750 a BRIP Hand collection 60307 a BRIP Hand collection 59795 b BRIP Hand collection 61256 c BRIP Hand collection 61256 d BRIP Hand collection 61721 b BRIP Hand collection 61721 e BRIP Hand collection 60085 a BRIP Hand collection 59795 a BRIP Hand collection 61721 c BRIP Hand collection 61721 d BRIP Hand collection 60316 a BRIP Hand collection 59364 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Elsinoë fawcettii Cercospora coffeicola Cercospora coffeicola Cercospora coffeicola Cercospora coffeicola Cercospora coffeicola Cercospora coffeicola Cercospora Colletotrichum aotearoa Colletotrichum Elsinoë fawcettii Colletotrichum theobromicola Colletotrichum theobromicola Colletotrichum theobromicola Colletotrichum theobromicola Colletotrichum theobromicola Nigrospora Diaporthe citri Phoma Phoma Alternaria Penicillium digitatum Elsinoaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Elsinoaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Diaporthaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Pleosporaceae Trichocomaceae L. . sinensis sp × sp. sp. L. Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Citrus Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Citrus Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Citrus Citrus Citrus Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.01-29.01 167.93-29.01 167.93 13/06/2013-29.01 Rubiaceae 167.93 29/09/2013-29.01 Rubiaceae 167.93 29/09/2013-29.01 Rubiaceae 167.93 29/05/2014-29.01 Rubiaceae 167.93 16/10/2014-29.01 Rubiaceae 167.93 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae 167.93 29/05/2014 Rubiaceae 17/02/2014 Rubiaceae -29.01 167.93 12/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.01 167.93 29/09/2013 Rubiaceae -29.01-29.01 167.93-29.01 167.93 29/05/2014-29.01 Rubiaceae 167.93 29/05/2014-29.01 Rubiaceae 167.93 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae 167.93 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae 29/09/2013 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.98 16/10/2014 Rutaceae -29.01-29.01 167.93 167.93 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.02 167.96 2/10/2013 Rutaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Rutaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rutaceae

212 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61707 a BRIP Hand collection 61707 b BRIP Hand collection 61233 a BRIP Hand collection 61235 a BRIP Hand collection 61742 a BRIP Hand collection 60005 a BRIP Hand collection 61714 a BRIP Hand collection 60335 a BRIP Hand collection 61698 b BRIP Hand collection 61698 a BRIP Hand collection 59707 a BRIP Hand collection 61055 a BRIP Hand collection 59666 a BRIP Hand collection 59384 a BRIP Hand collection 59384 b BRIP Hand collection 61947 a BRIP Hand collection 61043 a BRIP Hand collection 59563 a BRIP Hand collection 59570 a BRIP Hand collection 61047 a BRIP Hand collection 60016 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. . sp. sp Colletotrichum karsti Colletotrichum simmondsii Hemileia vastatrix Hemileia vastatrix Phakopsora tecta Phakopsora tecta Phoma Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium Colletotrichum Colletotrichum siamense Phyllachora Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora coprosmae Colletotrichum ti Fusarium Podosphaera xanthii Podosphaera xanthii Podosphaera xanthii Podosphaera xanthii Podosphaera xanthii Podosphaera xanthii Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Phakopsoraceae Phakopsoraceae Incertae sedis Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Phyllachoraceae Mycosphaerellaceae Glomerellaceae Nectriaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae R.Br. Lam. Pierre ex (Graham) Endl. L. L. . . sp sp J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Less. Coffea canephora A.Froehner Coffea canephora Coffea canephora Coffea canephora Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Commelina cyanea Conyza Coprosma baueri Coprosma baueri Coprosma Coprosma Coprosma Coprosma Coprosma Coprosma Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Baker Cordyline obtecta Cordyline Cucumis melo Cucumis sativus Cucumis sativus Cucumis sativus Cucurbita maxima Cucurbita maxima Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.97 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.97 16/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.04 167.94 26/05/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Rubiaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Commelinaceae -29.06 167.94 29/09/2013 Commelinaceae -29.05 167.92 12/10/2014 Commelinaceae -29.01 167.93 17/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.13-29.13 167.95 167.95 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae 14/10/2014 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Rubiaceae -29.04 167.94 16/06/2013 Rubiaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Asparagaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Asparagaceae -29.06 167.96 18/12/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.02 167.96 19/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.93 30/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 213 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61416 a BRIP Hand collection 59803 a BRIP Hand collection 61709 a BRIP Hand collection 59565 a BRIP Hand collection 60083 b BRIP Hand collection 60083 a BRIP Hand collection 61748 a BRIP Hand collection 60357 a BRIP Hand collection 60341 a BRIP Hand collection 60340 a BRIP Hand collection 60338 b BRIP Hand collection 61704 a BRIP Hand collection 61697 a BRIP Hand collection 60338 a BRIP Hand collection 60032 a BRIP Hand collection 60007 a BRIP Hand collection 60334 a BRIP Hand collection 60014 a BRIP Hand collection 59576 a BRIP Hand collection 61710 a BRIP Hand collection a 61711 BRIP sp. sp. . . sp sp sp. sp. . sp sp. Diaporthe Chaetomium Cercospora carotae Cercospora Cercospora carotae Cercospora Phoma Stemphylium Neofusicoccum parvum Puccinia cyperi Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium cladosporioides Stagonospora Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium cladosporioides Phoma Ustilago cynodontis Podosphaera xanthii Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora Cladosporium cladosporioides Ustilago cynodontis Podosphaera xanthii Diaporthaceae Chaetomiaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Incertae sedis Pleosporaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Pucciniaceae Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Phaeosphaeriaceae Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Incertae sedis Ustilaginaceae Erysiphaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Davidiellaceae Ustilaginaceae Erysiphaceae . (DC.) (G.Mey.) (G.Mey.) L. (L.) Pers. L. subsp Domin R.Br. L. Holttum Cav. Daucus carota Desmodium incanum DC. Daucus carota Daucus carota Daucus carota Datura stramonium Dahlia Datura stramonium Cyperus rotundus Cyperus rotundus Cyperus rotundus Cyperus lucidus Cyperus rotundus Cyperus rotundus Cyperus lucidus Cyathea australis norfolkensis Cynodon dactylon Cynodon dactylon Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita pepo Cyathea brownii Cyathea brownii Cymbopogon citratus Stapf Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Apiaceae -29.00 167.94 16/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.92 29/05/2014 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.04-29.00 167.96 167.93 19/02/2014 Asteraceae 30/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.12 167.95 15/10/2014 Cyperaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Cyperaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Cyperaceae -29.12-29.04 167.95-29.04 167.99 14/10/2014 Cyperaceae 167.99 18/02/2014 Cyperaceae 18/02/2014 Cyperaceae -29.12 167.96 15/10/2014 Cyperaceae -29.03 167.97 17/10/2014 Cyatheaceae -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Poaceae -29.02 167.97 3/10/2013 Poaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.93 30/09/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.03-29.04 167.95 167.99 17/10/2014 Cyatheaceae 17/02/2014 Poaceae

214 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60015 a BRIP Hand collection 61755 a BRIP Hand collection 61426 a BRIP Hand collection 61420 a BRIP Hand collection 61731 a BRIP Hand collection 59387 b BRIP Hand collection 60212 a BRIP Hand collection 60350 a BRIP Hand collection 60297 a BRIP Hand collection 59387 a BRIP Hand collection 59660 a BRIP Hand collection 59578 a BRIP Hand collection 61054 a BRIP Hand collection 60027 a BRIP Hand collection 60355 a BRIP Hand collection 61041 a BRIP Hand collection 61033 a BRIP Hand collection 61249 a BRIP Hand collection 61709 b BRIP Hand collection 60234 a BRIP Hand collection 59324 a BRIP sp. sp. . sp sp. Melampsora euphorbiae- gerardianae Melampsora euphorbiae- gerardianae Phellinus noxius Phellinus noxius Puccinia oahuensis Pyricularia Colletotrichum Nigrospora sphaerica Nigrospora Puccinia oahuensis Colletotrichum simmondsii Puccinia oahuensis Puccinia oahuensis Puccinia oahuensis Nigrospora Puccinia dichondrae Colletotrichum queenslandicum Puccinia oahuensis Uromyces dianthi Uromyces Epicoccum nigrum Colletotrichum Uromyces dianthi Uromyces Melampsoraceae Melampsoraceae Hymenochaetaceae Hymenochaetaceae Pucciniaceae Magnaporthaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Glomerellaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Glomerellaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pleosporaceae Glomerellaceae Pucciniaceae L. subsp. (Mart.) N.E.Br. J.R.Forst. & L. (Retz.) Koeler Haller Lam. (Endl.) P.S.Green Euphorbia peplus Euphorbia peplus Elaeodendron curtipendulum Elaeodendron Digitaria Elaeodendron curtipendulum Elaeodendron Endl. Digitaria ciliaris Diplocyclos palmatus nis affi Eichhornia crassipes Solms Eichhornia crassipes Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria ciliaris Dietes grandifl ora Dietes grandifl Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria ciliaris Dichondra repens Dichondra repens G.Forst. Dichondra repens Dianella Dianthus caryophyllus Desmodium incanum Dianthus caryophyllus Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Euphorbiaceae -29.05 167.92 12/10/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Celastraceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.94 28/05/2014 Celastraceae -29.00 167.93-29.03 12/10/2014-29.05 Poaceae 167.94 167.96 17/02/2014 Cucurbitaceae 17/06/2013 Pontederiaceae -29.05 167.96 17/06/2013 Pontederiaceae -29.00 167.94 30/09/2013 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Poaceae -29.03 167.98 14/06/2013 Poaceae -29.03-29.04 167.95-29.04 167.98 16/02/2014 Iridaceae 167.92 18/02/2014 Poaceae 18/02/2014 Poaceae -29.01-29.01 167.94 167.94 25/05/2014 Convolvulaceae 2/10/2013 Convolvulaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Caryophyllaceae -29.00 167.94 16/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96 14/10/2013 Caryophyllaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 215 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60329 a BRIP Hand collection 61918 b BRIP Hand collection 61918 a BRIP Hand collection 61918 c BRIP Hand collection 60322 a BRIP Hand collection 61952 a BRIP Hand collection 61243 a BRIP Hand collection 60010 a BRIP Hand collection 61740 a BRIP Hand collection 60202 a BRIP Hand collection 59323 a BRIP Hand collection 61936 a BRIP Hand collection 60306 b BRIP Hand collection 60306 a BRIP Hand collection 59323 b BRIP Hand collection 61225 a BRIP Hand collection 60301 a BRIP Hand collection 60320 a BRIP Hand collection 61044 a BRIP Hand collection 61040 a BRIP Hand collection 61217 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Diaporthe endophytica Cladosporium Cladosporium Alternaria Alternaria alternata Puccinia gnaphaliicola Puccinia gnaphaliicola Puccinia gnaphaliicola Puccinia gnaphaliicola Erysiphe cruciferarum Sphaeronaemella fragariae Sphaeronaemella Nigrospora Rhizopus stolonifer Fusarium oxysporum Nigrospora Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cerotelium fi ci fi Cerotelium Alternaria selini Cerotelium fi ci fi Cerotelium Cerotelium fi ci fi Cerotelium Podosphaera euphorbiae Diaporthaceae Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Pleosporaceae Pleosporaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Erysiphaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Mucoraceae Nectriaceae Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Phakopsoraceae Pleosporaceae Phakopsoraceae Phakopsoraceae Erysiphaceae (Mill.) (Weston) (Weston) Mill. Sond. ex (L.) Merr. L. ananassa ananassa ananassa ananassa ananassa × × × × × sp. sp. sp. L. Glycine max Gerbera Gerbera Gerbera Gerbera Gamochaeta americana Gamochaeta americana Gamochaeta americana Gamochaeta americana Wedd. Fumaria muralis W.D.J.Koch Fragaria Fragaria Fragaria Fragaria Ficus carica Foeniculum vulgare Fragaria Duchesne ex Rozier Ficus carica Ficus carica Ficus carica Euphorbia peplus Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96 15/12/2014 Asteraceae -29.04 167.96 15/12/2014 Asteraceae -29.04 167.96 15/12/2014 Asteraceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.00 167.93 15/12/2014 Asteraceae -29.01 167.93 29/05/2014 Asteraceae -29.04 167.94 1/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.13 167.95 14/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Papaveraceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.04-29.05 167.99 167.96 17/02/2014 Rosaceae 16/12/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.01-29.02 167.93 167.96 17/02/2014 Moraceae 19/02/2014 Apiaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Moraceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Moraceae -29.04 167.96 18/02/2014 Moraceae -29.04 167.99 24/05/2014 Euphorbiaceae

216 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60329 b BRIP Hand collection 60300 a BRIP Hand collection 61039 a BRIP Hand collection 60300 b BRIP Hand collection 61701 a BRIP Hand collection 61720 a BRIP Hand collection 61720 b BRIP Hand collection 61045 a BRIP Hand collection 60349 a BRIP Hand collection 61250 a BRIP Hand collection 59799 a BRIP Hand collection 60319 a BRIP Hand collection 61741 a BRIP Hand collection 61258 b BRIP Hand collection 61258 a BRIP Hand collection 60317 a BRIP Hand collection 61252 a BRIP Hand collection 60327 a BRIP Hand collection 61706 a BRIP Hand collection 61224 a BRIP Hand collection 59320 b BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. . sp Diaporthe Pseudocercospora Aureobasidium Aureobasidium microstictum Nigrospora Acervuloseptoria Fusarium incarnatum Fusarium incarnatum Phoma Cladosporium cladosporioides Colletotrichum aotearoa Nigrospora Trichothecium roseum Trichothecium Puccinia hieracii Diaporthe batatas Fusarium oxysporum Pestalotiopsis Colletotrichum Nigrospora Uromyces vignae Uromyces Colletotrichum queenslandicum Septoria lactucae Diaporthaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Dothioraceae Incertae sedis Mycosphaerellaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Incertae sedis Davidiellaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Diaporthaceae Nectriaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Glomerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae L. (C.Moore & Endl. (L.) Sweet A.Cunn. ex (L.) Lam. (Burm.) Merr. (Burm.) Merr. Thunb. L. sp. L. Glycine max Grevillea robusta robusta Grevillea R.Br. Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hibiscus insularis Hibiscus insularis Hibiscus insularis Hordeum vulgare vulgare Hordeum Howea forsteriana Becc. F.Muell.) Hovenia dulcis Howea forsteriana Howea forsteriana Hypochaeris radicata Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea indica Ipomoea indica Jasminum simplicifolium G.Forst. Lablab purpureus Lablab purpureus Lactuca sativa Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96 18/02/2014 Proteaceae -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.96 26/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Rhamnaceae -29.01 167.93 29/09/2013 Arecaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Arecaceae -29.12-29.03 167.95-29.03 167.96 14/10/2014 Asteraceae 167.96 31/05/2014 Convolvulaceae 31/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.03 167.94 27/05/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.04 167.94 21/02/2014 Convolvulaceae -29.02 167.97 16/10/2014 Oleaceae -29.04-29.03 167.99 167.93 26/05/2014 Fabaceae 12/06/2013 Asteraceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 217 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61702 a BRIP Hand collection 60199 a BRIP Hand collection 60033 a BRIP Hand collection 60035 a BRIP Hand collection 61064 a BRIP Hand collection 61751 a BRIP Hand collection 61739 a BRIP Hand collection 60223 a BRIP Hand collection 60008 a BRIP Hand collection 61951 a BRIP Hand collection 60028 a BRIP Hand collection 61061 a BRIP Hand collection 59320 a BRIP Hand collection 61920 a BRIP Hand collection 59332 a BRIP Hand collection 60362 a BRIP Hand collection 61695 b BRIP Hand collection 61738 a BRIP Hand collection 61695 a BRIP Hand collection 61219 a BRIP Hand collection 61418 a BRIP . sp sp. sp. sp. sp. Erysiphe trifoliorum Erysiphe trifoliorum Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Puccinia coronata Puccinia coronata anthyllidis Uromyces Puccinia aucta Puccinia aucta Puccinia aucta Stemphylium Diaporthe Cercospora beticola Cercospora Fusarium equiseti Fusarium incarnatum Phakopsora Phakopsora Phakopsora Phellinus noxius Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pleosporaceae Diaporthaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Phakopsoraceae Phakopsoraceae Phakopsoraceae Hymenochaetaceae (Andrews) L. (L.) Mill. Guss. Schkuhr L. L.f. Lupinus cosentinii Lotus uliginosus Lotus uliginosus Lotus uliginosus Lupinus cosentinii Lolium perenne Lotus angustissimus Lotus uliginosus Lobelia anceps Lobelia anceps Lolium perenne Lactuca sativa Lagunaria patersonia G.Don Lobelia anceps Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Lagunaria patersonia Limonium sinuatum Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.05 167.94 29/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.01-29.01 167.94-29.01 167.94 3/10/2013-29.12 167.94 Fabaceae 22/02/2014 Fabaceae 167.95 16/10/2014 Fabaceae 15/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.03-29.04 167.96-29.01 167.94 4/10/2013 167.94 Poaceae 4/10/2013 Fabaceae 3/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.05-29.05 167.99-29.12 167.99 3/10/2013 167.95 Campanulaceae 21/02/2014 Campanulaceae 14/10/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Asteraceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Malvaceae -29.06 167.94 19/12/2014 Campanulaceae -29.06-29.05 167.94-29.12 167.92 20/02/2014 Malvaceae 167.95 12/10/2014 Malvaceae 14/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.05 167.92 12/10/2014 Malvaceae -29.01 167.94 25/05/2014 Malvaceae -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Malvaceae -29.04 167.96 15/12/2014 Plumbaginaceae

218 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60218 a BRIP Hand collection 61239 a BRIP Hand collection 61702 b BRIP Hand collection 59381 b BRIP Hand collection 61422 a BRIP Hand collection 59381 a BRIP Hand collection 60088 b BRIP Hand collection 60088 a BRIP Hand collection 61032 a BRIP Hand collection 61945 a BRIP Hand collection 60034 a BRIP Hand collection 61238 a BRIP Hand collection 61752 a BRIP Hand collection 60296 b BRIP Hand collection 59361 a BRIP Hand collection 61353 a BRIP Hand collection 61919 a BRIP Hand collection 60216 a BRIP Hand collection 60296 a BRIP Hand collection 61240 a BRIP Hand collection 61242 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. crassitunicatus crassitunicatus . crassitunicatus Erysiphe trifoliorum Erysiphe trifoliorum Fusarium bactridioides Cercospora Phellinus noxius Colletotrichum karsti Diaporthe endophytica Diaporthe Uromyces appendiculatus Uromyces var Uromyces appendiculatus Uromyces var. Uromyces appendiculatus Uromyces var. Erysiphe trifoliorum Erysiphe trifoliorum Colletotrichum simmondsii Diaporthe Elsinoë pyri Neofusicoccum parvum Podosphaera leucotricha Podosphaera leucotricha Podosphaera leucotricha Podosphaera leucotricha Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Nectriaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Hymenochaetaceae Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Elsinoaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Maiden var. var. (E.Mey.) (E.Mey.) subsp. subsp. Borkh. (Endl.) Sykes axillare axillare Lupinus cosentinii Lupinus cosentinii Lupinus cosentinii Macadamia integrifolia & Betche Macropiper excelsum Macropiper psittacorum Macropiper excelsum Macropiper psittacorum Macroptilium atropurpureum atropurpureum Macroptilium (DC.) Urb. Macroptilium atropurpureum Macroptilium Macroptilium atropurpureum Macroptilium Macroptilium atropurpureum Macroptilium Macroptilium atropurpureum Macroptilium Macrotyloma axillare axillare Macrotyloma axillare Macrotyloma axillare axillare Macrotyloma var. Verdc. Malus domestica Malus domestica Malus domestica Malus domestica Malus domestica Malus domestica Malus domestica Malus domestica Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.12 167.95 15/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.96 30/05/2014 Proteaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Piperaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Piperaceae -29.03 167.95 4/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.95 4/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.98 18/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 17/12/2014 Fabaceae -29.01 167.94 3/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.01 167.94 16/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.03-29.04 167.94 167.99 17/02/2014 Rosaceae 14/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.03 167.94 28/05/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.96 15/12/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 1/10/2013 Rosaceae -29.03 167.94 17/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.94 28/05/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Rosaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 219 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59325 a BRIP Hand collection 59718 a BRIP Hand collection 59718 b BRIP Hand collection 61051 b BRIP Hand collection 60224 a BRIP Hand collection 61051 a BRIP Hand collection 61059 a BRIP Hand collection 61746 a BRIP Hand collection 61229 a BRIP Hand collection 60200 a BRIP Hand collection 61732 a BRIP Hand collection 60002 a BRIP Hand collection 59376 a BRIP Hand collection 61944 a BRIP Hand collection 61052 a BRIP Hand collection 61053 a BRIP Hand collection 61028 a BRIP Hand collection 61237 a BRIP Hand collection 61351 a BRIP Hand collection 59663 a BRIP Hand collection 60080 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. . sp Colletotrichum asianum Diaporthe Neofusicoccum parvum Erysiphe trifoliorum Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Erysiphe trifoliorum Erysiphe trifoliorum Phoma Pseudopeziza medicaginis Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Phoma medicaginis Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Puccinia substriata Puccinia substriata Puccinia substriata Puccinia substriata Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora subsessilis Pseudocercospora Diaporthe Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Erysiphaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Incertae sedis Dermateaceae Pucciniaceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Diaporthaceae L. var. var. var. var. var. var. var. var. L. L. (L.) All. L. L. L. (K.Schum.) Mangifera indica Mangifera indica Mangifera indica Medicago lupulina Medicago lupulina Medicago lupulina Medicago lupulina Medicago polymorpha Medicago polymorpha Medicago polymorpha Medicago polymorpha Medicago polymorpha Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Megathyrsus maximus pubiglumis Megathyrsus maximus pubiglumis Megathyrsus maximus pubiglumis Megathyrsus maximus pubiglumis Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Melilotus indicus Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.01 167.93 30/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.01 167.93 30/09/2013 Anacardiaceae -29.03 167.95 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.95 4/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.95 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.01 167.92 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.93 26/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.94 29/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 12/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.94 29/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 13/06/2013 Fabaceae -29.05 167.93 17/12/2014 Fabaceae -29.05 167.92 20/02/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.93 18/02/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 16/02/2014 Poaceae -29.03 167.93 28/05/2014 Poaceae -29.03-29.02 167.98 167.96 28/05/2014 Meliaceae 17/06/2013 Meliaceae -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Fabaceae

220 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60080 b BRIP Hand collection 60080 c BRIP Hand collection 61745 a BRIP Hand collection 60229 a BRIP Hand collection 61719 a BRIP Hand collection 61228 a BRIP Hand collection 59665 a BRIP Hand collection 61035 a BRIP Hand collection 59328 a BRIP Hand collection 59330 b BRIP Hand collection 60304 b BRIP Hand collection 59330 a BRIP Hand collection 60304 a BRIP Hand collection 60207 a BRIP Hand collection 61062 a BRIP Hand collection 60324 a BRIP Hand collection 60324 b BRIP Hand collection 60018 a BRIP Hand collection 59572 a BRIP Hand collection 60232 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Diaporthe Diaporthe Erysiphe trifoliorum Erysiphe trifoliorum Stemphylium solani Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Phyllachora Puccinia menthae Colletotrichum boninense Colletotrichum boninense Colletotrichum Nigrospora Maravalia milletticola Pestalotiopsis Maravalia milletticola Fusarium Fusarium Puccinia paullula Pseudocercospora mori Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora mori Pseudocercospora Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Pleosporaceae Pucciniaceae Phyllachoraceae Pucciniaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Chaconiaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Chaconiaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Fusarium sp. Hand collection 59699 a BRIP Nectriaceae Pucciniaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae subsp. subsp. (Endl.) Liebm. (Endl.) Benth. Endl. L. L. piperita × Melilotus indicus Melilotus indicus Melilotus indicus Melilotus indicus Melilotus indicus Melilotus indicus Melodinus baueri Mentha Meryta angustifolia Seem. Microsorum pustulatum Microsorum (G.Forst.) Copel subsp. Microsorum pustulatum Microsorum pustulatum Microsorum pustulatum Microsorum pustulatum Millettia australis Microsorum pustulatum subsp. Microsorum pustulatum Millettia australis Monstera deliciosa Monstera deliciosa Monstera deliciosa Monstera deliciosa Morus alba Morus alba Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.04 167.96 13/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.93 26/05/2014 Fabaceae -29.03 167.95 16/06/2013 Apocynaceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Lamiaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Araliaceae -29.01 167.95 16/06/2013 Polypodiaceae -29.03 167.94 17/02/2014 Polypodiaceae -29.03 167.94 17/02/2014 Polypodiaceae -29.04 167.94 4/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.01 167.95 16/06/2013 Polypodiaceae -29.04 167.94 21/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Araceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Araceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Araceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Araceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Moraceae -29.01 167.93 30/09/2013 Moraceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 221 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61415 b BRIP Hand collection 61413 a BRIP Hand collection 59659 a BRIP Hand collection 61415 a BRIP Hand collection 59585 a BRIP Hand collection 59370 a BRIP Hand collection 60360 a BRIP Hand collection 61708 a BRIP Hand collection 60298 a BRIP Hand collection 60233 a BRIP Hand collection 60231 a BRIP Hand collection 59702 a BRIP Hand collection 61933 b BRIP Hand collection 60230 a BRIP Hand collection 59712 a BRIP Hand collection 61933 a BRIP Hand collection 59800 c BRIP Hand collection 60298 b BRIP Hand collection 59800 a BRIP Hand collection 59800 b BRIP Hand collection 61949 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. . sp. sp sp. sp. Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora fi jiensis fi Pseudocercospora Pyricularia Pseudocercospora fi jiensis fi Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora fi jiensis fi Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora fi jiensis fi Pseudocercospora Phyllosticta maculata Phyllosticta capitalensis Neofusicoccum parvum Mycosphaerella musae Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella musae Mycosphaerella Diaporthe Cordana Colletotrichum johnstonii Cordana Colletotrichum queenslandicum Colletotrichum queenslandicum Phyllosticta maculata Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella Cryptococcus Puccinia tiritea Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Magnaporthaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Diaporthaceae Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Tremellaceae Pucciniaceae ‘Bluggoe’ ‘Bluggoe’ L. ‘Bluggoe’ ‘Cavendish’ Colla paradisiaca paradisiaca paradisiaca × × × Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa acuminata Musa Musa Musa Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meisn. Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.00-29.04 167.93 167.99 29/05/2014 Musaceae 14/06/2013 Musaceae -29.01 167.93 29/05/2014 Musaceae -29.01 167.93 29/05/2014 Musaceae -29.03 167.99 17/06/2013 Musaceae -29.04 167.94 18/06/2013 Musaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Musaceae -29.03 167.98 16/10/2014 Musaceae -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 Musaceae -29.01 167.93 30/09/2013 Musaceae -29.01 167.93 29/09/2013 Musaceae -29.04 167.99 1/10/2013 Musaceae -29.06 167.94 19/12/2014 Musaceae -29.06-29.05 167.94 167.94 19/12/2014 Musaceae 29/09/2013 Musaceae -29.04-29.03 167.99 167.96 17/02/2014 Musaceae 4/10/2013 Musaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Musaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Musaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Musaceae -29.01 167.94 18/12/2014 Polygonaceae

222 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59386 a BRIP Hand collection 59378 a BRIP Hand collection 60309 a BRIP Hand collection 59322 a BRIP Hand collection 59378 b BRIP Hand collection 59329 a BRIP Hand collection 61425 a BRIP Hand collection 59378 c BRIP Hand collection 60228 a BRIP Hand collection 60021 a BRIP Hand collection 61245 a BRIP Hand collection 60205 a BRIP Hand collection 60209 a BRIP Hand collection 59577 a BRIP Hand collection 61705 a BRIP Hand collection 60332 b BRIP Hand collection 60332 a BRIP Hand collection 61705 b BRIP Hand collection 61227 a BRIP Hand collection 60009 a BRIP Hand collection 60198 a BRIP . sp . sp. sp. sp sp. Nigrospora sphaerica Nigrospora Colletotrichum karsti Colletotrichum Fusarium oxysporum Stemphylium Pestalotiopsis Phellinus noxius Phyllosticta capitalensis Phakopsora pachyrhizi Phakopsora pachyrhizi Phakopsora pachyrhizi anthyllidis Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Golovinomyces orontii Peyronellaea Toxicocladosporium Toxicocladosporium Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium perangustum Puccinia oxalidis setariae-italicae Uromyces Puccinia oxalidis Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Nectriaceae Pleosporaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Hymenochaetaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Phakopsoraceae Phakopsoraceae Phakopsoraceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Erysiphaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae cuspidata cuspidata Endl. (L.) Poir. (Wight & (Wight (P.S.Green) (P.S.Green) L. subsp. subsp. Kunth . L europaea

Myrsine ralstoniae Jackes Myrsine ralstoniae Ocimum basilicum Olea Myoporum obscurum Myrsine ralstoniae Myrsine ralstoniae Myrsine ralstoniae Neonotonia wightii Arn.) J.A.Lackey Neonotonia wightii Neonotonia wightii Neonotonia wightii Neonotonia wightii Nicandra physalodes Gaertn. Ocimum basilicum (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. (Wall. Olea europaea Olea europaea Paspalum dilatatum Oxalis debilis Oxalis debilis Panicum Paspalum dilatatum Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.05-29.05 167.97 167.97 13/06/2013 Primulaceae 13/06/2013 Primulaceae -29.00-29.12 167.93 167.95 12/06/2013 Lamiaceae 15/10/2014 Oleaceae -29.02 167.97 17/06/2013 Scrophulariaceae -29.01-29.02 167.95 167.96 16/06/2013 Primulaceae 30/05/2014 Primulaceae -29.05-29.03 167.97-29.01 167.95 13/06/2013-29.00 Primulaceae 167.93 4/10/2013-29.03 167.93 Fabaceae 30/09/2013-29.00 Fabaceae 167.99 29/05/2014-29.03 Fabaceae 167.93 1/10/2013-29.04 167.98 Fabaceae 30/09/2013 Fabaceae 167.99 14/06/2013 Solanaceae 18/02/2014 Lamiaceae -29.12 167.95 15/10/2014 Oleaceae -29.02 167.92 16/02/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.93 26/05/2014 Oxalidaceae -29.01-29.06 167.93-29.02 167.94 29/09/2013 Oxalidaceae 167.92 29/09/2013 Poaceae 16/02/2014 Poaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 223 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61717 a BRIP Hand collection 60082 a BRIP Hand collection 61716 a BRIP Hand collection 61726 a BRIP Hand collection 59388 a BRIP Hand collection 61717 b BRIP Hand collection 60328 a BRIP Hand collection 59331 a BRIP Hand collection 60082 c BRIP Hand collection 60082 f BRIP Hand collection 60328 c BRIP Hand collection 60328 b BRIP Hand collection 60082 b BRIP Hand collection 60082 d BRIP Hand collection 60082 g BRIP Hand collection 59331 b BRIP Hand collection 61226 a BRIP Hand collection 59571 a BRIP Hand collection 60017 a BRIP Hand collection 60305 a BRIP . sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Alternaria passifl orae Alternaria passifl Alternaria Colletotrichum constrictum Colletotrichum queenslandicum Stagonosporopsis Penicillium brevicompactum Phoma Colletotrichum karsti Colletotrichum magna Colletotrichum novae- zelandiae Colletotrichum queenslandicum Colletotrichum Colletotrichum Colletotrichum Colletotrichum Curvularia Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Coniella Pleosporaceae Pleosporaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Trichocomaceae Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Pleosporaceae Nectriaceae Fusarium sp. Hand collection 60082 e BRIP Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Schizoparmaceae Juss. Sims hortorum hortorum hortorum × × × L’Hér. ex Aiton ex L’Hér. Passifl ora ligularis Passifl ora ligularis Passifl ora ligularis Passifl ora ligularis Passifl ora ligularis Passifl Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl Pelargonium Pelargonium Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl ora edulis Passifl L.H.Bailey Pelargonium Pelargonium Pelargonium Pelargonium Pelargonium oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae oraceae Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.04 167.99 26/05/2014 Geraniaceae -29.04-29.03 167.96-29.02 167.94 13/10/2014-29.04 Passifl 167.96 17/10/2014-29.04 Passifl 167.96 17/06/2013 Passifl 167.96 13/10/2014 Passifl 13/10/2014 Passifl -29.05-29.00 167.97 167.93 21/02/2014 Passifl 30/09/2013 Passifl -29.03-29.00 167.95-29.00 167.93 16/06/2013-29.05 Passifl 167.93 30/09/2013-29.05 Passifl 167.97 30/09/2013-29.00 Passifl 167.97 21/02/2014-29.00 Passifl 167.93 21/02/2014-29.00 Passifl 167.93 30/09/2013-29.03 Passifl 167.93 30/09/2013-29.00 Passifl 167.95 30/09/2013 Passifl 167.93 16/06/2013 Passifl 30/09/2013 Passifl -29.03 167.99 14/06/2013 Geraniaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Geraniaceae -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 Geraniaceae

224 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59693 a BRIP Hand collection 59321 a BRIP Hand collection 61259 b BRIP Hand collection 61259 c BRIP Hand collection 61259 d BRIP Hand collection 61260 b BRIP Hand collection 61260 c BRIP Hand collection 61354 a BRIP Hand collection 61354 b BRIP Hand collection 61354 c BRIP Hand collection 61352 a BRIP Hand collection 61352 b BRIP Hand collection 61352 c BRIP Hand collection 61352 d BRIP Hand collection 61352 e BRIP Hand collection 61352 f BRIP Hand collection 60353 a BRIP Hand collection 61260 a BRIP Hand collection 59696 a BRIP Hand collection 61259 a BRIP Hand collection 61029 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Colletotrichum Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Cylindrocladium Diaporthe Fusarium Neofusicoccum mangiferae Phytophthora Sphacelotheca polygoni- serrulati Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Nectriaceae Diaporthaceae Nectriaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Pythiaceae Microbotryaceae (R.Br.) (R.Br.) Mill. Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persea americana Persicaria decipiens K.L.Wilson Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Lauraceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Lauraceae -29.03-29.03 167.93-29.03 167.93 28/05/2014-29.03 Lauraceae 167.93 28/05/2014-29.03 Lauraceae 167.94 28/05/2014-29.03 Lauraceae 167.94 28/05/2014-29.03 Lauraceae 167.96 28/05/2014-29.03 Lauraceae 167.96 31/05/2014-29.00 Lauraceae 167.96 31/05/2014-29.00 Lauraceae 167.93 31/05/2014-29.00 Lauraceae 167.93 29/05/2014-29.00 Lauraceae 167.93 29/05/2014-29.00 Lauraceae 167.93 29/05/2014-29.00 Lauraceae 167.93 29/05/2014-29.01 Lauraceae 167.93 29/05/2014 Lauraceae 167.93 29/05/2014 Lauraceae 17/02/2014 Lauraceae -29.03 167.94 28/05/2014 Lauraceae -29.01-29.03 167.93 167.93 30/09/2013 Lauraceae 28/05/2014 Lauraceae -29.06 167.94 16/02/2014 Polygonaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 225 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60031 a BRIP Hand collection 60330 b BRIP Hand collection 60330 a BRIP Hand collection 59997 a BRIP Hand collection 60220 a BRIP Hand collection a 59711 BRIP Hand collection 60020 a BRIP Hand collection 61234 a BRIP Hand collection 60036 a BRIP Hand collection 60365 a BRIP Hand collection 59335 a BRIP Hand collection 60326 a BRIP Hand collection 60326 b BRIP Hand collection 59698 a BRIP Hand collection 60081 e BRIP Hand collection 60081 g BRIP Hand collection 60081 c BRIP Hand collection 60081 a BRIP Hand collection 59706 a BRIP Hand collection 60081 b BRIP Hand collection 60081 d BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Alternaria alternata Cladosporium cladosporioides Septoria petroselini Septoria petroselini Sphacelotheca polygoni- serrulati Uromyces appendiculatus Uromyces appendiculatus Uromyces appendiculatus Uromyces Diaporthe sclerotiorum Sclerotinia Colletotrichum Fusarium Phaeosphaeria Colletotrichum phormii Diaporthe endophytica Diaporthe leucospermi Diaporthe Diaporthe Diaporthe Phoma Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus Pleosporaceae Davidiellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Microbotryaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Diaporthaceae Sclerotiniaceae Glomerellaceae Nectriaceae Phaeosphaeriaceae Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Incertae sedis Trichocomaceae (Mill.) L. L. J.R.Forst. & Schott Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Fuss crispum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum Phaseolus vulgaris Persicaria decipiens Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris Philodendron Phaseolus vulgaris Phormium tenax Phormium tenax Physalis peruviana Phormium tenax G.Forst. Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.04-29.04 167.99-29.05 167.99 18/02/2014-29.05 Apiaceae 167.94 18/02/2014-29.03 Apiaceae 167.99 29/09/2013 Apiaceae 167.98 3/10/2013 Apiaceae 20/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.97 3/10/2013 Polygonaceae -29.03-29.03 167.98-29.01 167.98 1/10/2013-29.00 167.93 Fabaceae 27/05/2014 Fabaceae 167.93 30/09/2013 Fabaceae 30/09/2013 Araceae -29.05 167.93 4/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.06-29.06 167.94-29.00 167.94 20/02/2014 Agavaceae 167.93 20/02/2014 Agavaceae 30/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.95 17/06/2013 Agavaceae -29.00-29.00 167.93-29.03 167.93 30/09/2013-29.00 Solanaceae 167.93 30/09/2013-29.00 Solanaceae 167.93 2/10/2013-29.00 167.93 Poaceae 30/09/2013 Solanaceae 167.93 30/09/2013 Solanaceae 30/09/2013 Solanaceae

226 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59574 a BRIP Hand collection 59559 a BRIP Hand collection 61230 a BRIP Hand collection 60026 a BRIP Hand collection 60081 f BRIP Hand collection 60201 a BRIP Hand collection 59714 a BRIP Hand collection 60356 a BRIP Hand collection 59796 a BRIP Hand collection 59359 a BRIP Hand collection 61057 a BRIP Hand collection 59333 c BRIP Hand collection 59333 a BRIP Hand collection 59333 b BRIP Hand collection 61725 a BRIP Hand collection 60161 a BRIP Hand collection 60161 b BRIP Hand collection 60164 a BRIP Hand collection 60196 a BRIP Hand collection 60214 a BRIP Hand collection 61221 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. Tranzschelia discolor Tranzschelia Coleosporium plumeriae Puccinia brachypodii Phragmidium mexicanum Plectosphaerella Plectosphaerella Podosphaera xanthii Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia Colletotrichum alienum pinodella Peyronellaea pinodes Peyronellaea Colletotrichum Golovinomyces sordidus Pestalotiopsis Phoma Phyllosticta capitalensis Diaporthe subordinaria Diaporthe subordinaria Fusarium solani Golovinomyces sordidus Golovinomyces sordidus Golovinomyces sordidus Uropyxidaceae Coleosporiaceae Pucciniaceae Phragmidiaceae Plectosphaerellaceae Erysiphaceae Sclerotiniaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Erysiphaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Incertae sedis Botryosphaeriaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Nectriaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Endl. L. L. (Andrews) L L. L. (Mill.) D.A.Webb. L. Poa annua Potentilla indica Th.Wolf Prunus dulcis Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Physalis peruviana Phytolacca octandra Pisum sativum Pisum sativum Pittosporum bracteolatum Plumeria rubra Pittosporum bracteolatum Pittosporum bracteolatum Pittosporum bracteolatum Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.02-29.01 167.93-29.04 167.94 26/05/2014 Poaceae 167.99 2/10/2013 Rosaceae 14/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Solanaceae -29.00-29.02 167.93-29.01 167.96 30/09/2013-29.01 Solanaceae 167.93 19/02/2014-29.03 Phytolaccaceae 167.93 30/09/2013 Fabaceae 167.94 13/06/2013 Fabaceae 16/06/2013 Pittosporaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Apocynaceae -29.03-29.03 167.94-29.00 167.94 16/06/2013 Pittosporaceae 167.94 16/06/2013 Pittosporaceae 16/10/2014 Pittosporaceae -29.01-29.01 167.93-29.05 167.93 30/09/2013-29.06 Plantaginaceae 167.98 30/09/2013-29.00 Plantaginaceae 167.94 3/10/2013-29.00 167.94 Plantaginaceae 29/09/2013-29.01 Plantaginaceae 167.92 30/09/2013 Plantaginaceae 167.95 25/05/2014 Plantaginaceae 19/02/2014 Plantaginaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 227 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59581 a BRIP Hand collection 60346 b BRIP Hand collection 60346 a BRIP Hand collection 61253 b BRIP Hand collection 61253 a BRIP Hand collection 60204 a BRIP Hand collection 60325 a BRIP Hand collection 59716 a BRIP Hand collection 60352 a BRIP Hand collection 59375 a BRIP Hand collection 59334 a BRIP Hand collection 60299 a BRIP Hand collection 59573 a BRIP Hand collection 59334 b BRIP Hand collection 59326 a BRIP Hand collection 60197 a BRIP Hand collection 61938 a BRIP Hand collection 60354 a BRIP Hand collection 60354 b BRIP Hand collection 60361 a BRIP Hand collection 60361 b BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Melampsora ricini Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium cladosporioides Pestalotiopsis Colletotrichum karsti Nigrospora Golovinomyces orontii Fusarium Phoma Colletotrichum theobromicola Colletotrichum Khuskia oryzae Diaporthe Colletotrichum simmondsii Tranzschelia discolor Tranzschelia Nigrospora deformans Taphrina Colletotrichum Diaporthe Mucor Colletotrichum queenslandicum Melampsoraceae Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Erysiphaceae Nectriaceae Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Diaporthaceae Glomerellaceae Uropyxidaceae Incertae sedis Taphrinaceae Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Mucoraceae Glomerellaceae L. (Seem) Sabine var. Sabine var. var. var. L. L. L. L. (L.) Batsch rhabarbarum rhabarbarum rhabarbarum × × Ricinus communis Ricinus communis Ricinus communis Rhopalostylis baueri Rheum Rheum Rhopalostylis baueri & Drude H.Wendl. Pyrus communis Raphanus sativus Psidium guajava Pyrus communis Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Psidium cattleyanum cattleyanum Pyrus communis Prunus persica Prunus persica Prunus persica Prunus persica Prunus persica Prunus persica Prunus persica Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.95 17/06/2013 Euphorbiaceae -29.04 167.94 21/02/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.04 167.94 21/02/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.03 167.94 27/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Polygonaceae -29.03-29.03 167.99 167.94 1/10/2013 Polygonaceae 27/05/2014 Arecaceae -29.01-29.00 167.93 167.93 13/06/2013 Rosaceae 30/09/2013 Brassicaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.93 17/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.01 167.95 16/06/2013 Myrtaceae -29.01 167.95 16/06/2013 Myrtaceae -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.04 167.99 14/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.04-29.06 167.98 167.94 18/02/2014 Rosaceae 29/09/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.98 18/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.99 20/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.03 167.95 19/12/2014 Rosaceae

228 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61921 a BRIP Hand collection 59368 a BRIP Hand collection 61030 a BRIP Hand collection 61923 a BRIP Hand collection 61923 b BRIP Hand collection 61223 a BRIP Hand collection 61060 a BRIP Hand collection 59798 a BRIP Hand collection 59709 b BRIP Hand collection 60314 a BRIP Hand collection 59709 a BRIP Hand collection 60302 a BRIP Hand collection 59801 a BRIP Hand collection 60022 a BRIP Hand collection 60029 a BRIP Hand collection 61056 a BRIP Hand collection 61231 a BRIP Hand collection 60222 a BRIP Hand collection 59566 a BRIP Hand collection 60210 a BRIP Hand collection 61038 a BRIP sp. . sp. sp sp. sp. Stemphylium solani Diplocarpon rosae Podosphaera pannosa Neofusicoccum parvum Phoma Kuehneola uredinis Phragmidium violaceum Cercospora Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Fusarium Phoma Alternaria alternata Stenella Puccinia lagenophorae Puccinia lagenophorae Uromyces setariae-italicae Uromyces Uromyces setariae-italicae Uromyces Uromyces setariae-italicae Uromyces Uromyces setariae-italicae Uromyces Uromyces setariae-italicae Uromyces Podosphaera xanthii Pleosporaceae Dermateaceae Erysiphaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Incertae sedis Phragmidiaceae Phragmidiaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Glomerellaceae Nectriaceae Incertae sedis Pleosporaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Erysiphaceae L. L. Murray L. Willd. L. (J.R.Forst & (Poir.) Roem. (Poir.) . sp L. Ricinus communis Rosa Rosa Rosmarinus offi cinalis Rosmarinus offi Rosmarinus offi cinalis Rosmarinus offi Rubus anglocandicans A.Newton Rubus anglocandicans Rumex conglomeratus Saccharum offi cinarum Saccharum offi Saccharum offi cinarum Saccharum offi Saccharum offi cinarum Saccharum offi Salvia offi cinalis Salvia offi Samolus repens Samolus repens G.Forst.) Pers. Senecio australis Senecio australis Setaria pumila & Schult. Setaria pumila Setaria pumila Setaria pumila Setaria pumila Sigesbeckia orientalis Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.02 167.93 16/12/2014 Euphorbiaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Rosaceae -29.04 167.96 18/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.02 167.96 17/12/2014 Lamiaceae -29.02 167.96 17/12/2014 Lamiaceae -29.01 167.92 25/05/2014 Rosaceae -29.01 167.92 20/02/2014 Rosaceae -29.06 167.96 3/10/2013 Polygonaceae -29.02 167.96 2/10/2013 Poaceae -29.04 167.92 18/02/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.96 2/10/2013 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 18/02/2014 Lamiaceae -29.05 167.98 3/10/2013 Primulaceae -29.05 167.92 1/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.05 167.99 3/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.04 167.96 19/02/2014 Poaceae -29.02 167.93 26/05/2014 Poaceae -29.01 167.94 3/10/2013 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 12/06/2013 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 30/09/2013 Poaceae -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 Asteraceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 229 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61733 a BRIP Hand collection 61417 a BRIP Hand collection 61753 a BRIP Hand collection 59358 b BRIP Hand collection 59704 a BRIP Hand collection 60318 a BRIP Hand collection 59705 a BRIP Hand collection 60363 a BRIP Hand collection 59358 a BRIP Hand collection 61924 a BRIP Hand collection 61937 a BRIP Hand collection 60206 a BRIP Hand collection 61712 a BRIP Hand collection 59582 a BRIP Hand collection 60321 a BRIP Hand collection 60086 b BRIP Hand collection 60086 a BRIP Hand collection 60086 d BRIP Hand collection 60086 c BRIP Hand collection 61934 a BRIP Hand collection 59692 b BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Albugo candida Gibellulopsis nigrescens Golovinomyces orontii Alternaria solani Alternaria solani Alternaria solani Cladosporium Fusarium Pestalotiopsis Pestalotiopsis Golovinomyces orontii Rhizopus oryzae Passalora brachycarpa Passalora brachycarpa Colletotrichum coccodes Colletotrichum simmondsii Diaporthe endophytica Diaporthe endophytica Diaporthe Monographella cucumerina Alternaria daucifolii Albuginaceae Plectosphaerellaceae Erysiphaceae Pleosporaceae Pleosporaceae Pleosporaceae Davidiellaceae Nectriaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Erysiphaceae Mucoraceae Mycosphaerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Glomerellaceae Glomerellaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Incertae sedis Pleosporaceae L. Scop. L. L. L. Cav. L. Sisymbrium orientale Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H.Rob. Solanum betaceum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum Solanum mauritianum Solanum mauritianum Solanum mauritianum Solanum melongena Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Solanum tuberosum Sonchus oleraceus Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.00-29.00 167.92 167.92 12/10/2014 Brassicaceae 29/05/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.97 17/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.97 21/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.93 12/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 17/12/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.98 16/12/2014 Solanaceae -29.03-29.05 167.93 167.98 2/10/2013 Solanaceae 17/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Solanaceae -29.02 167.96 19/02/2014 Solanaceae -29.05-29.05 167.93 167.93 4/10/2013 Solanaceae 4/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93 4/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.93 4/10/2013 Solanaceae -29.05 167.95 13/10/2014 Solanaceae -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Asteraceae

230 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 59692 a BRIP Hand collection 61747 a BRIP Hand collection 59692 c BRIP Hand collection 59562 a BRIP Hand collection 61036 a BRIP Hand collection 61232 a BRIP Hand collection 60003 a BRIP Hand collection 59564 a BRIP Hand collection 59797 a BRIP Hand collection 60333 a BRIP Hand collection 60333 b BRIP Hand collection 60345 a BRIP Hand collection 59797 b BRIP Hand collection 59389 a BRIP Hand collection 60345 b BRIP Hand collection 61931 a BRIP Hand collection 59715 a BRIP Hand collection 61049 a BRIP Hand collection 60012 a BRIP Hand collection 60331 a BRIP Hand collection 61930 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. . sp Exserohilum turcicum Exserohilum Miyagia pseudosphaeria Miyagia pseudosphaeria Miyagia pseudosphaeria Miyagia pseudosphaeria Puccinia purpurea Puccinia purpurea Puccinia purpurea Aureobasidium Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium cladosporioides Claviceps africana Fusarium proliferatum Phoma Nigrospora Alternaria tenuicutis Uromyces Uromyces tenuicutis Uromyces Cladosporium cladosporioides Nigrospora Pleosporaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Dothioraceae Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Davidiellaceae Clavicipitaceae Nectriaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Pleosporaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Davidiellaceae Incertae sedis (Desv.) (Desv.) (Poir.) (Poir.) (L.) Pers. R.Br. Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus arundinaceum Sorghum Stapf arundinaceum Sorghum arundinaceum Sorghum halepense Sorghum halepense Sorghum halepense Sorghum halepense Sorghum halepense Sorghum halepense Sorghum halepense Sorghum Spinifex sericeus Sporobolus africanus Sporobolus Tournay Robyns & africanus Sporobolus Sporobolus africanus Sporobolus Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze (Walter) Stenotaphrum secundatum Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Asteraceae -29.12-29.04 167.96-29.03 167.92 15/10/2014-29.02 Asteraceae 167.93 29/09/2013-29.02 Asteraceae 167.94 12/06/2013-29.01 Asteraceae 167.93 16/02/2014-29.00 Asteraceae 167.93 26/05/2014-29.00 Poaceae 167.93 29/09/2013-29.04 Poaceae 167.93 12/06/2013-29.04 Poaceae 167.99 30/09/2013-29.04 Poaceae 167.99 17/02/2014-29.00 Poaceae 167.93 17/02/2014-29.03 Poaceae 167.93 18/02/2014-29.04 Poaceae 167.99 30/09/2013-29.06 Poaceae 167.93 17/06/2013 Poaceae 167.96 18/02/2014 Poaceae 19/12/2014 Poaceae -29.00-29.01 167.93 167.95 30/09/2013 Poaceae 19/02/2014 Poaceae -29.00-29.02 167.95-29.06 167.92 4/10/2013 167.96 Poaceae 16/02/2014 Poaceae 19/12/2014 Poaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 231 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61247 a BRIP Hand collection 60004 a BRIP Hand collection 61930 b BRIP Hand collection 60323 a BRIP Hand collection 61037 a BRIP Hand collection 60001 a BRIP Hand collection 60013 a BRIP Hand collection 59703 a BRIP Hand collection 61928 b BRIP Hand collection 61928 a BRIP Hand collection 59703 b BRIP Hand collection 61735 a BRIP Hand collection 61929 a BRIP Hand collection 61929 b BRIP Hand collection 61950 a BRIP Hand collection 60023 a BRIP Hand collection a 60311 BRIP Hand collection b 60311 BRIP Hand collection 61736 a BRIP Hand collection 60221 a BRIP Hand collection 61756 a BRIP . sp sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. sp. Nigrospora Puccinia stenotaphri Pyricularia Nigrospora Puccinia hieracii Puccinia hieracii Puccinia hieracii Fusarium Nigrospora Puccinia tetragoniae Puccinia tetragoniae Puccinia tetragoniae Nigrospora Nigrospora Puccinia tetragoniae Puccinia tetragoniae Diaporthe Stagonosporopsis caricae Stagonosporopsis Erysiphe trifoliorum Erysiphe trifoliorum Erysiphe trifoliorum Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Magnaporthaceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Nectriaceae Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Diaporthaceae Incertae sedis Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae (Pall.) (Miq.) F.H.Wigg. var. var. Schreb. var. Schreb. var. var. var. M.Roem. Stenotaphrum secundatum Stenotaphrum secundatum Stenotaphrum secundatum Taraxacum offi cinale offi Taraxacum Taraxacum offi cinale offi Taraxacum Taraxacum offi cinale offi Taraxacum Taraxacum offi cinale offi Taraxacum Tetragonia implexicoma Tetragonia Hook.f. Tetragonia implexicoma Tetragonia Tetragonia implexicoma Tetragonia Tetragonia implexicoma Tetragonia Tetragonia implexicoma Tetragonia Tetragonia tetragonoides Tetragonia Kuntze Tetragonia tetragonoides Tetragonia Tetragonia tetragonoides Tetragonia Tetragonia tetragonoides Tetragonia Toona ciliata Toona Toona ciliata Toona Trifolium campestre campestre Trifolium campestre Trifolium campestre campestre Trifolium campestre Trifolium campestre campestre Trifolium campestre Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.04 167.99 24/05/2014 Poaceae -29.04 167.92 29/09/2013 Poaceae -29.06 167.96 19/12/2014 Poaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.04 167.99 17/02/2014 Asteraceae -29.02 167.97 3/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.01 167.93 29/09/2013 Asteraceae -29.05 167.92 1/10/2013 Aizoaceae -29.06 167.96 19/12/2014 Aizoaceae -29.06 167.96 19/12/2014 Aizoaceae -29.05 167.92 1/10/2013 Aizoaceae -29.05 167.92 12/10/2014 Aizoaceae -29.06 167.96 19/12/2014 Aizoaceae -29.06 167.96 19/12/2014 Aizoaceae -29.06 167.94 19/12/2014 Aizoaceae -29.05 167.92 1/10/2013 Aizoaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Meliaceae -29.03 167.93 19/02/2014 Meliaceae -29.04 167.96 13/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.97 3/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.94 16/10/2014 Fabaceae

232 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60225 a BRIP Hand collection 61954 a BRIP Hand collection 61955 a BRIP Hand collection 61946 a BRIP Hand collection 60313 a BRIP Hand collection 61749 a BRIP Hand collection 60019 a BRIP Hand collection 61241 a BRIP Hand collection 61956 a BRIP Hand collection 60208 a BRIP Hand collection 60348 a BRIP Hand collection 60364 a BRIP Hand collection a 60211 BRIP Hand collection 60025 a BRIP Hand collection 60310 a BRIP Hand collection 61744 a BRIP Hand collection 59584 a BRIP Hand collection 60084 a BRIP Hand collection 60084 b BRIP Hand collection 60084 c BRIP Hand collection 61724 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. sp. Uromyces trifolii-repentis Uromyces Erysiphe trifoliorum Uromyces anthyllidis Uromyces Colletotrichum truncatum Cymadothea trifolii trifolii-repentis Uromyces trifolii-repentis Uromyces trifolii-repentis Uromyces trifolii-repentis Uromyces Cladosporium cladosporioides Uromyces trifolii-repentis Uromyces Acroconidiella tropaeoli Acroconidiella Setophoma terrestris Colletotrichum siamense Leveillula tropaeolicola Podosphaera xanthii Podosphaera xanthii Diaporthe Diaporthe Diaporthe Phoma Pucciniaceae Erysiphaceae Pucciniaceae Glomerellaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Davidiellaceae Pucciniaceae Davidiellaceae Incertae sedis Glomerellaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Erysiphaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Diaporthaceae Incertae sedis repens repens repens repens repens repens var. var. L. L. P.W.Michael L. Sibth. L. var. L. var. var. var. var. var. var. (Burm.) Merr. (L.) Gray Trifolium campestre campestre Trifolium campestre Trifolium dubium Trifolium Trifolium dubium Trifolium Trifolium pratense Trifolium Trifolium repens repens Trifolium repens Trifolium repens Trifolium repens Trifolium repens Trifolium repens Trifolium aestivum Triticum aestivum Triticum Tropaeolum majus Tropaeolum majus Tropaeolum Verbena incompta Verbena incompta Verbena Verbena incompta Verbena Vicia hirsuta Vicia Vicia hirsuta Vicia Vicia hirsuta Vicia Vigna marina Vigna Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.03 167.95 4/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.02 167.93 16/12/2014 Fabaceae -29.02 167.99 17/12/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 17/12/2014 Fabaceae -29.03-29.01 167.99-29.03 167.93 20/02/2014-29.03 Fabaceae 167.98 16/10/2014-29.02 Fabaceae 167.94 1/10/2013-29.01 167.99 Fabaceae 28/05/2014-29.03 Fabaceae 167.93 17/12/2014-29.03 Fabaceae 167.99 29/09/2013 Fabaceae 167.99 21/02/2014 Poaceae 21/02/2014 Poaceae -29.00-29.03 167.93 167.93 30/09/2013 Tropaeolaceae 2/10/2013 Tropaeolaceae -29.04-29.12 167.98 167.95 18/02/2014 Verbenaceae 14/10/2014 Verbenaceae -29.03 167.99 17/06/2013 Verbenaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.03 167.93 2/10/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.94 16/10/2014 Fabaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 233 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes method Collection Hand collection 61953 a BRIP Hand collection 60213 a BRIP Hand collection 61063 a BRIP Hand collection 61935 a BRIP Hand collection 59710 a BRIP Hand collection 60351 a BRIP Hand collection 60215 a BRIP Hand collection 61042 a BRIP Hand collection 61058 a BRIP Hand collection 61257 a BRIP Hand collection 61723 b BRIP Hand collection 61723 a BRIP Hand collection 59382 a BRIP Hand collection 60236 a BRIP Hand collection 61737 a BRIP Hand collection 59586 a BRIP Hand collection 60000 a BRIP Hand collection 61926 a BRIP Hand collection 61050 a BRIP Hand collection 59569 a BRIP Hand collection 60006 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. Uromyces vignae Uromyces Uromyces vignae Uromyces Uromyces vignae Uromyces Uromyces vignae Uromyces Colletotrichum simmondsii Plasmopara viticola Pestalotiopsis Plasmopara viticola Plasmopara viticola Pseudocercospora Pseudocercospora epispermogoniana Haematonectria haematococca Phytophthora nicotianae Pestalotiopsis Pestalotiopsis Uromyces wedeliae Uromyces Uromyces wedeliae Uromyces Uromyces wedeliae Uromyces Neofusicoccum luteum Exserohilum turcicum Exserohilum Puccinia sorghi Puccinia sorghi Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Glomerellaceae Peronosporaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Peronosporaceae Peronosporaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Nectriaceae Pythiaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Pleosporaceae Pucciniaceae Pucciniaceae Endl. (L.) DC. L. ora ora ora L. L. aloifolia

sp. Vigna marina Vigna Vigna marina Vigna Vigna marina Vigna Vigna marina Vigna Vitex Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis Vitis vinifera Vitis Wikstroemia australis Wikstroemia Wikstroemia australis Wikstroemia Wikstroemia australis Wikstroemia Wikstroemia australis Wikstroemia Wollastonia bifl Wollastonia Wollastonia bifl Wollastonia Wollastonia bifl Wollastonia Yucca Zea mays Zea mays Zea mays Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.01 167.92 15/12/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.94 30/09/2013 Fabaceae -29.00 167.94 22/02/2014 Fabaceae -29.00 167.94 16/10/2014 Fabaceae -29.04 167.94 22/02/2014 Lamiaceae -29.04 167.99 1/10/2013 Vitaceae -29.02 167.96 3/10/2013 Vitaceae -29.04 167.98 18/02/2014 Vitaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Vitaceae -29.01 167.95 30/05/2014 Vitaceae -29.01 167.95 16/06/2013 Thymelaeaceae -29.01 167.95 2/10/2013 Thymelaeaceae -29.01 167.95 16/10/2014 Thymelaeaceae -29.01 167.95 16/10/2014 Thymelaeaceae -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Asteraceae -29.06 167.97 17/06/2013 Asteraceae -29.06 167.96 3/10/2013 Asteraceae -29.05 167.98 18/12/2014 Asparagaceae -29.00 167.93 20/02/2014 Poaceae -29.01 167.93 13/06/2013 Poaceae -29.01 167.93 30/09/2013 Poaceae

234 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes method Collection Hand collection 60219 a BRIP Hand collection 59363 a BRIP Hand collection 61700 a BRIP Hand collection 61220 a BRIP Hand collection 61246 a BRIP sp. sp. sp. Colletotrichum Uredo zehneriae Uredo Pseudocercospora Pestalotiopsis Uredo zehneriae Uredo Glomerellaceae Incertae sedis Mycosphaerellaceae Amphisphaeriaceae Incertae sedis Endl. Zehneria baueriana Zehneria baueriana Zehneria baueriana Zehneria baueriana Zehneria baueriana Lat.itude Longiitude Date Host Family Host Species Family Target species Target -29.12 167.95 14/10/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.94 25/05/2014 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.94 2/10/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.03 167.94 16/06/2013 Cucurbitaceae -29.01 167.95 30/05/2014 Cucurbitaceae

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 235 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY ) negative for

herd, final

); one returned ); (No DNA consistent (No DNA Notes of serology results

clinical examination and rmined to be

S/P% less than 45% (negative); a a (negative); S/P% 45% than less

antibody ELISA; overall status status overall ELISA; antibody

(positive); however, based on however, (positive);

of BVDV = of BVDV present Cattle 9-12 months old testedCattle 9-12 using BVD diagnosis dete the complete set BJD. Tested using IS900 PCR.BJD.Tested faecal culture, Tested using Bovine JD ELISA. Bovine using Most Tested returned Results = negative with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis few returned = 50% (inconclusive 80% from all animals in the absent Present or or Present Absent Present virus 1

Target name Target diarrhea Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis family Target pest Target or disease Mycobacteriaceae Flaviviridae viral Bovine name Johne’s Johne’s Target common Target BVDV disease Host species Host Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Bos taurus name Host common Cattle Cattle Table 7. Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey - veterinary pest Table and pathogen testing

236 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY

in the

(OIE, 2013).

intradermal veterinarian Dr veterinarian

and Rules (ABAH,

two or older; skintwo or older;

during her nine- Notes measured manually; manually; measured complement fixation test

AsureQuality; skin

Island automatic syringes and in the lungs of slaughtered TB testing conducted

Eradication Campaign Fever complementFever fixation

Brucellosis and Tuberculosis BrucellosisTuberculosis and

Enzootic Bovine Leucosis

tenure; manual (2013b); manual (2013b); injections used

Standard Definitions Standard Antibody ELISAAntibody testing used the single National 1984) and1984) the OIE manual on 155 cattle aged cattle 155 on McClintock thicknesses were cattle; Norfolk test The customary technique for detecting TB reliesbovine on detection of granulomas in detected been have granulomas no slaughtered cattle year using tested disease; clinical of sign No Brucella abortus tested disease; clinical of sign No using Q tested disease; clinical of sign No using Candice Snell reports mid-neck region described in the the in described mid-neck region OIE comparative test administered test comparative reactions were assessed using the Bovine tuberculin from absent Present or or Present Present Absent Absent Absent virus

Target name Target Mycobacterium bovis Brucella abortus Coxiella burnetii Bovine leukemia family Target pest Target or disease Mycobacteriaceae Retroviridae name Target common Target bovine tuberculosis brucellosisQ fever Brucellaceae BLV Coxiellaceae Host species Host Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus name Host common Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 237 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY

Notes ELISA

No sign of clinical disease; tested using tested disease; clinical of sign No microscopic agglutination test (MAT); result of 161 detectedpositive in 15 samples using tested disease; clinical of sign No binfectious Rhinotracheitis ovine antibody not present Vector not present Vector not present Vector not present Vector absent Vector not present Vector not present Vector not present Vector Not detected in vector monitoring not present Vector Not detected in vector monitoring Serology Serology No sign of clinical disease; tested using tested disease; clinical of sign No microscopic agglutination test (MAT) absent Present Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Present Absent Present or or Present Absent Present

spp. spp. Target name Target hemorrhagic fever hemorrhagic virus hemorrhagic disease virus ciency immunodefi virus virus Hypoderma Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina, B.bovis, B.divergens Haematobia exigua Ehrlichia ruminantium Chrysomya bezziana Trypanosoma Leptospira hardjo Leptospira pomona 1 family Target pest Target or disease HerpesviridaeBunyaviridae herpesvirus Bovine Akabane virus ReoviridaeBunyaviridaeReoviridae virus Bluetongue Crimean-Congo Epizootic RetroviridaeRetroviridae Feline Feline leukemia y Calliphoridae y Muscidae y Oestridae name Target common Target anaplasmosis Anaplasmataceae babesiosis Babesiidae fl buffalo heartwaterscrewworm fl Anaplasmataceae trypanosomiasis Trypanosomatidae warble fl leptospirosis Leptospiraceae leptospirosis Leptospiraceae Host species Host Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Bos taurus Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 Felis catus Bos taurus Bos taurus name Host common Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cat Cat Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle

238 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY uenza A A uenza A uenza A uenza A uenza A uenza A uenza A uenza A uenza A uenza uenza uenza uenza uenza uenza uenza uenza uenza uenza uenza considered uenza Notes uenza antibody ELISA; low Examination of clinical records showed presence in cat population Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens Only low pathogenic avian infl Australia; tested using infl present in matrix PCR; only detected in feral chickens No sign of clinical disease; tested using avian infl pathogenic avian infl present as two positive results found (Poultry 41a and Poultry 130a) absent Present Absent? Absent? Absent? Absent? Absent? Absent? Absent? Absent? Absent? Present Present or or Present Target name Target family Target pest Target or disease HerpesviridaeOrthomyxoviridae Felid herpesvirus 1 virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl Orthomyxoviridae virus A uenza Infl name Target common Target (Linnaeus, Host species Host Felis catus Anous minutus Boie, 1844 Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758) Gygis alba (Sparrman, 1786) Sula dactylatra (Lesson, 1831) Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 Phaethon rubicauda Boddaert, 1783 Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus, 1758) Onychoprion fuscatus 1766) cus pacifi Ardenna (Gmelin, 1789) Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) name Host common Black noddy, Black noddy, white- capped noddy Feral goose White tern, fairy tern Masked booby Mallard Red-tailed tropic bird Purple swamphen Sooty tern tailed Wedge- shearwater Chicken, (feral, domestic) Cat

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 239 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes No sign of clinical disease; tested using AGID test; low virulent IBD Antibody IBD strain considered present as 51 out of 62 samples found to be positive; result likely be positive for low virulent IBD strain as no clinical disease symptoms observed No sign of clinical disease; tested using Antibody ELISA Flavivirus Serogroup No sign of clinical disease; tested using Newcastle disease virus haemagglutination inhibition test; positive result detected in six feral chicken samples (Poultry 14e, Poultry 36e, Poultry 63d, 70d, 93d, Poultry 135d) Livers showed no external signs of necrotic granulomas; spleens showed no external signs of granulomas and no evidence granulomas when dissected; guts run and no evidence of lesions Livers showed no external signs of necrotic granulomas; spleens showed no external signs of granulomas and no evidence granulomas when dissected; guts run and no evidence of lesions Livers showed no external signs of necrotic granulomas; spleens showed no external signs of granulomas and no evidence granulomas when dissected; guts run and no evidence of lesions absent Present Absent Present Absent Absent Absent Present or or Present Target name Target Newcastle disease disease virus (Kunjin subtype) Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium virus family Target pest Target or disease Birnaviridae Infectious bursal FlaviviridaeParamyxoviridae Nile virus West Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacteriaceae name Target common Target (Gmelin, Host species Host Gallus gallus Gallus gallus Gallus gallus Gallus gallus Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 Platycercus elegans 1788) name Host common Chicken (feral, domestic) Chicken (feral, domestic) chicken (feral) Feral pigeon Crimson rosella, red parrot Chicken (feral, domestic)

240 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes considered present as able EHV Livers showed no external signs of necrotic granulomas; spleens showed no external signs of granulomas and no evidence granulomas when dissected; guts run and no evidence of lesions Livers showed no external signs of necrotic granulomas; spleens showed no external signs of granulomas and no evidence granulomas when dissected; guts run and no evidence of lesions Livers showed no external signs of necrotic granulomas; spleens showed no external signs of granulomas and no evidence granulomas when dissected; guts run and no evidence of lesions Livers showed no external signs of necrotic granulomas; spleens showed no external signs of granulomas and no evidence granulomas when dissected; guts run and no evidence of lesions No sign of clinical disease; tested using equine arteritis virus neutralization test using Tested No sign of clinical disease. equine infectious anaemia virus antibody AGID test No sign of clinical disease; tested using equine herpes 1 virus neutralisation test; non-notifi 35 of 42 samples tested positive absent Vector absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Present Absent Present or or Present Target name Target Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium virus anemia virus 1 sickness virus family Target pest Target or disease Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacteriaceae ArteriviridaeRetroviridae arteritis Equine Herpesviridae Equine infectious Equid herpesvirus Reoviridae African horse name Target common Target Host species Host Ardenna pacifi cus pacifi Ardenna Anser anser Anas platyrhynchos Porphyrio porphyrio Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 Equus caballus Equus caballus Equus caballus name Host common Feral goose Mallard Purple swamphen Horse Horse Horse Horse Wedge- tailed Wedge- shearwater

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 241 NORFOLK ISLAND QUARANTINE SURVEY Notes uorescent antibody virus neutralisation Vector absent Vector Clinically normal; tested using Pestivirus AGID test (BVD); eradicated Antibody from Australia Clinically normal; tested using porcine circovirus antibody ELISA; positive results detected in 14 out of 30 samples; porcine circovirus associated disease not present in Australia or on Norfolk Island Clinically normal Clinically normal Clinically normal Clinically normal Clinically normal; tested using porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus for antibody indirect ELISA not present Vector No evidence of footrot or clinical disease No sign of clinical disease; tested using AGID disease Ovine Johne’s No sign of clinical disease; tested using AGID test (BVD) pestivirus antibody not present Vector not present Vector No sign of clinical disease; rabies fl test; results less than 0.5 IU/mL absent Absent Absent Present Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Present or or Present Target name Target fever virus 2 virus Leptospira pomona Alphacoronavirus 1 Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus syndrome Nipah virus Dichelobacter nodosus Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis virus diarrhea sheep Nairobi disease family Target pest Target or disease ParamyxoviridaeFlaviviridae virus Hendra Circoviridae Classical swine circovirus Porcine HerpesviridaeAsfarviridaeLeptospiraceae Coronaviridae Suid herpesvirus 1 African swine fever Arteriviridae Paramyxoviridae Cardiobacteriaceae Mycobacteriaceae FlaviviridaeReoviridaeBunyaviridae viral Bovine Rhabdoviridae virus Bluetongue virus Rabies name Target common Target Host species Host Equus caballus Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 Sus scrofa Sus scrofa Sus scrofa Sus scrofa Sus scrofa Sus scrofa Sus scrofa Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 Ovis aries Ovis aries Ovis aries Ovis aries Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 name Host common Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig Sheep Sheep Sheep Sheep Sheep Dog Horse

242 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.V. MAYNARD, B.J. LEPSCHI AND S.F. MALFROY Notes No sign of clinical disease; Brucella Rose conducted on neat Test Bengal Rapid Plate serum absent Absent Present or or Present Target name Target Brucella canis family Target pest Target or disease Brucellaceae name Target common Target Host species Host Canis familiaris name Host common Dog

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 243 244 Archiving the Scientifi c Legacy of Dr. Alec Costin

GENEVIEVE T. WRIGHT1, KEITH L. MCDOUGALL1, GAVAN J. MCCARTHY 2

1Offi ce of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 733, Queanbeyan NSW 2620; 2eScholarship Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010.

Published on 6 August 2018 at https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/LIN/index

Wright, G.T., McDougall, K.L. and McCarthy, G.J. (2018). Archiving the scientifi c L\legacy of Dr. Alec Costin. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 140, 245-251.

Alec Costin is one of Australia’s foremost ecologists, internationally respected for his pioneering work into the soils, hydrology and vegetation of the Australian alpine regions. Advisor to governments and their agencies, he was instrumental in the conservation of the Australian Alps. Alec’s fi eld notes, data sheets and Kodachrome slides, a record of the Alps in the 1950s and 60s, are important historically and provide an important resource to interpret change in vegetation and landscapes in the Australian Alps. The University of Melbourne, funded by the Australian Alps National Parks, will catalogue and archive these materials, so future generations of scientists and historians can easily gain access to them. Manuscript received 27 March 2018, accepted for publication 25 July 2018.

Manuscript received 27 March 2018, accepted for publication 25 July 2018.

Key words: Alpine Ecology; Alec Costin; Archiving, Conservation, Victorian Alps.

DR. ALEC COSTIN Alec published widely but his fi rst major work in 1954, The Ecosystems of the Monaro, was one of the Dr. Alec Costin is regarded as the father of fi rst regional studies describing the area’s ecology, alpine ecology in Australia. A widely-respected ecosystems and management (Costin, 1954). The study scientist, conservationist and exceptional scientifi c covered over 1.5 million hectares and is a keystone communicator, Alec was a prolifi c writer and publication still in use today. Alec was also co-author published many scientifi c papers. Alec remains a of ‘A report on the Condition of the High Mountain mentor and inspiration to many ecologists today Catchments of New South Wales and Victoria’, and his records are an invaluable resource for future which was published by the Australian Academy of conservation of the Alps. Science in 1957. This report identifi ed the massive Alec started his career in alpine ecology in 1946 scale of the soil erosion problem and its impact on with the Soil Conservation Service of NSW. He then, catchment stability. It highlighted the incompatibility through research scholarships, studied mountain of burning and grazing practices with high altitude environments in other parts of the world. When he environments and Alec successfully argued that Alps returned to Australia, Alec had a short working period catchments were more valuable for water catchment in the Victorian Alps before taking up a position in than for grazing. This document, along with Alec’s 1955 with CSIRO based in NSW. In this role, Alec activism and lobbying, was a turning point for the continued to focus his research on all aspects of conservation of the Australian Alps. alpine ecology. In the years that followed removal of grazing, Alec’s research on soils, hydrology and Alec established research into many critical issues vegetation were ground-breaking and were critical with Dane Wimbush. Together, Alec and Dane for the protection and conservation of the Australian investigated the impacts of grazing which established Alps. He successfully lobbied politicians, government that sheep and cattle were selectively grazing forbs, departments and research institutions to protect the reducing the diversity of fl ora and impacting soil Alps and without his efforts the Alps would not be stability. This work also found that once the forbs and conserved as they are today. grass infl orescences were consumed, animals quickly ARCHIVING THE SCIENTIFIC LEGACY OF ALEC COSTIN lost weight on a diet of mainly mature snowgrasses document forms. The documentation of this phase (Wimbush and Costin, 1979a). often includes digital photographs of the materials Alec and Dane established transects in alpine as found (Figure 4) and summary reports. Where and sub-alpine areas to measure recovery after the possible, audio (and/or video recordings) of Alec grazing had stopped. The transects were measured Costin talking about the materials and refl ecting on annually for twenty years and have been maintained their context and value will be captured. These are ever since (Wimbush and Costin, 1979b and c). They useful for both the archivists and future researchers. are an incredibly valuable resource for tracking long- This initial survey work was undertaken between term vegetation trends. 2016 and 2018. Alec’s fi eld notes and data sheets are historically Once the decision is taken to go ahead with the important, as is his large number of Kodachrome archival project, the second phase involves formally slides which are a record of the Alps in the 1950s and registering the materials designated for the collection. 1960s. These slides provide an important resource Again, this process documents the materials as which may be used to interpret change in vegetation found, preserving as much of the initial context, and landscapes in the Australian Alps (Figures 1, 2 structure and arrangement as possible. In addition and 3). to the required formalised description (standardised THE ARCHIVING PROJECT archival metadata), digital photography, audio and video provide useful additional evidence of the The Australian Alps National Parks has funded process. A key outcome of this phase (described a project to document and preserve these materials, as ‘Accessioning’ by the ESRC) is the systematic with the help of Alec, to create an archive so future labelling and numbering of all containers that hold generations of scientists and historians can easily the material. This allows the collection to be safely gain access to them. The University of Melbourne’s moved from its found location to a place better suited eScholarship Research Centre (ESRC) has been to the next phase of the archival process. It is also at engaged to conduct the project. The Centre started this point that enough information should be available life in 1985 as the Australian Science Archives Project about the nature of the materials to determine the and has been responsible for ensuring material from range of possible long-term archival repositories that many key Australian scientists have found appropriate would be interested in maintaining the collection. The archival homes (McCarthy, Morgan and Daniels, ‘Accessioning’ of Alec’s collection began in August 2016). Like those earlier archiving projects, this 2017 with a focus on material that was already project will focus on the conservation, protection and stored at the Offi ce of Environment and Heritage in documentation of the material Alec compiled over Queanbeyan (Figures 4 and 5). The archival team his career, and will make the collection discoverable included Associate Professor Gavan McCarthy of the through the web publication of a guide to the ESRC and Dr. Elizabeth James from the Herbarium collection. As the digitisation of archival materials of the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. The remainder (at digital preservation quality) is now more cost- of the accessioning was left to Wright and McDougall effective than it has ever been, the project will seek to and the bulk of the collection was ready for transport make digital facsimiles of as much of the collection to the ESRC in March 2018 where the next phases of as is feasible. Digitised materials are better suited the work would be undertaken. for annotation and data extraction thus ensuring they In summary, the goal of the fi nal phase is the are better suited to both existing and future alpine documentation of the materials at the ‘Inventory’ research. level. This is the unit of documentation that will be The archival process involves several clearly utilised in the guide to the collection and needs to defi ned activities that track the story of the include enough detail to enable researchers of the materials from the world in which they were created, future to discover relevant materials. The source (or assembled and used, to the world of the archives. As provenance) of each ‘Inventory Item’ is systematically archived material, Alec’s work will be more widely registered during this phase and each Inventory Item discoverable and useful for a wide variety of research is linked with its relevant Accession unit. Later, purposes. Inventory Items will be grouped into Series to help The fi rst project phase involves on-site surveys researchers fi nd related materials. A summary of the and negotiation to determine the extent of the collection as a whole will then be prepared, including materials. This includes noting time-span; content the story of the journey of the materials into their areas (especially those topics well represented); archival form. If digitisation is to be undertaken, quantity of materials; condition of the materials; and it is best done once the Inventory Items have been

246 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.T. WRIGHT, K.L. McDOUGALL AND G.J. McCARTHY

Figure 1. Photo comparison Kosciuszko National Park, Gungartan Range – 60 years of recovery.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 247 ARCHIVING THE SCIENTIFIC LEGACY OF ALEC COSTIN

Figure 2. Photo comparison Kosciuszko National Park, burnt snowgum woodland 21 years of recovery.

248 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.T. WRIGHT, K.L. McDOUGALL AND G.J. McCARTHY

Figure 3. Photo comparison at Carruthers Peak – 55 years after the extensive Soil Conservation Service rehabilitation program in the alpine area of Kosciuszko National Park.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 249 ARCHIVING THE SCIENTIFIC LEGACY OF ALEC COSTIN

Figure 4. The Costin Collection as found.

Figure 5. Material sorted in to type for archiving registered and defi ned. The fi nal activity in this alpine ecologists and their decades of knowledge process is the publication of a web guide. in the passing of Roger Good, Dane Wimbush and The undertaking of this project has provided a Max Gray. The ability to involve Alec will make the unique opportunity to conserve, protect and make collection even more valuable and useful. Having accessible a signifi cant collection from one of Alec’s material protected in the long-term and Australia’s eminent scientists. To be able to do this accessible for research of future alpine ecologists is with Alec means the context of and background to critical for the ongoing protection of the Australian the collection can also be recorded, the opportunity Alps. of which is lost in so many archival projects. We have recently lost a number of Australia’s outstanding

250 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 G.T. WRIGHT, K.L. McDOUGALL AND G.J. McCARTHY

REFERENCES Costin, A.B. (1954). A study of the ecosystems of the Monaro region with special reference to soil erosion. First published in 1954 by the Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales. McCarthy, G.J., Morgan, H. and Daniels, E. (2016). ‘The eScholarship Research Centre: working with knowledge in the twenty-fi rst century’ The Australian Library Journal, 10 pp. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00 049670.2016.1208073] Wimbush, D.J. and Costin, A.B. (1979a). Trends in vegetation at Kosciusko. I. Grazing trials in the subalpine zone, 1957-71. Aust. J. Bot. 27, 741-87. Wimbush, D.J. and Costin, A.B. (1979b). Trends in vegetation at Kosciusko. II. Subalpine range transects, 1959-78. Aust. J. Bot. 27, 789-831. Wimbush, D.J. and Costin, A.B. (1979c). Trends in vegetation at Kosciusko. III. Alpine range transects, 1959-78. Aust. J. Bot. 27, 833-871.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 251 252 Karst Values of Kosciuszko National Park A Review of Values and of Recent Research

1 2 ANDY SPATE AND ANDREW BAKER

1Optimal Karst Management, PO Box 5099, UTAS Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005 2Landforms and Rehabilitation Unit, National Parks and Wildlife Service, PO Box 2267 Bathurst, NSW 2795

Published on 25 August 2018 at https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/LIN/index

Spate, A. and Baker, A. (2018). Karst values of Kosciuszko National Park: a review of values and of recent research. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 140, 253-264.

There are seven areas of karst within Kosciuszko National Park ranging from the sub-alpine to montane forest conditions. Two, at least, Yarrangobilly and Cooleman Plains, are of national – perhaps international - signifi cance. This paper amplifi es earlier discussions of the heritage signifi cance of the Kosciuszko karsts but does not greatly alter the earlier assessments. The highest levels of signifi cance result from cultural values relating to use by indigenous people and to modern scientifi c research on karst processes. Cooleman Plains, Yarrangobilly and perhaps Indi were used by indigenous people for dispositional burials, occupation, and perhaps parietal art, for over 10,000 years. The caves in the headwaters of Jounama Creek to the north of Black Perry Mountain have not been rigorously studied for their indigenous or other values because of their extreme inaccessibility within the Bogong Wilderness but their proximity to the Bogong bora rings and many Bogong Moth sites makes them a likely site. Cooleman Plains and Yarrangobilly have been the subject of internationally published research in the fi elds of karst processes with publications of the late Joe Jennings being cited in texts more than four decades later. Micro-erosion meter sites established in 1984 are still being monitored and paper requests still being received. More recently, the world’s fi rst studies of the impacts of fi re on karst processes in and above caves are being undertaken at Yarrangobilly (and on other NSW karsts) with several publications arising.

Manuscript received 29 March 2018, accepted for publication 13 August 2018.

KEYWORDS: early Aboriginal occupation, dripwater chemistry, feral horses, fi re impacts, karst, Ko- sciuszko National Park, palaeoclimate studies.

INTRODUCTION processes, including the impacts of fi re on such proc- esses, and on palaeontological and archaeological The signifi cance and values of the karst resources values as well as on the age of the limestones at Yar- of Kosciuszko National Park (KNP) have been previ- rangobilly and Cooleman Plains (Treble et al 2016, ously summarised in Nicoll and Brush (1976), Spate Rutledge 2018, this volume, Tadros et al. 2018) are and Houshold (1989), Good (1992), Spate (2004) and discussed below. Ellis and Halbert’s (2016 eds) excel- Spate and Gough (2016). Since those times little has lent book, Caves and Karst of Yarrangobilly, provides changed in our knowledge of the karst systems ex- much information on all aspects of Yarrangobilly. cept in relation to their karstic, biological and cultural Karsts are landscapes formed on rocks with a values. Cave faunal surveys reported in Eberhard and greater degree of natural solubility than is commonly Spate (1995), further work by Spate (unpublished) found. In the case of Kosciuszko these are all lime- and reviews by Thurgate et al (2000, 2001a, 2001b) stone (although dolomite does occur at Cooleman). have greatly refi ned our knowledge in this regard most Karst areas are characterised by gorges, caves, de- markedly in relation to Yarrangobilly and Cooleman ranged hydrological systems and many fascinating Plains. Recent work at Yarrangobilly on various karst small-scale karst features such as various forms of KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL PARK KARST karren. Karst systems and processes are produced by features are of international signifi cance – predomi- a complex interplay of geology, soils, biology, cli- nantly from a cultural perspective in the fi eld of scien- mate and time (Kiernan 1988, Hamilton-Smith et al. tifi c endeavour. Whether these areas would ever reach 1998). Over the last three or four decades the impor- the level of the World Heritage criterion of “outstand- tance of karst has been increasingly apparent as has ing universal value’ is very much open to discussion. the dimensions and importance of their non-geologic However, we believe that Cooleman Plains and Yar- values. This is perhaps best and dramatically demon- rangobilly are of international signifi cance because of strated, by the increasing world-wide acceptance of their place in the scientifi c literature. the IUCN Guidelines for the management of caves In addition to the karsts developed in soluble and karst, largely developed by Australians (Watson rocks, there a number of small-scale pseudokarst et al 1997). These guidelines are already in use by features, chiefl y in granite, scattered across the Park NPWS for steering plans of management in parks including boulder caves along the Snowy and Ingee- across the State. The management objectives and ac- goodbee Rivers (Finlayson 1981). The ephemeral tions identifi ed in the Kosciuszko Karst Area Man- caves in ice and snow should also be mentioned in agement Plan (KAMP; OEH 2015) are consistent passing (Halbert and Halbert 1972). These sometimes with these guidelines. contain many forms analogous to ‘traditional’ karst The 2006 Plan of Management for Kosciuszko caves – and attract the interest of an additional class National Park (NPWS, 2006) identifi es seven man- of visitors to those who utilise other caves within the agement units within the park for special manage- Park. ment prescriptions as they are considered “to contain All of the karst and pseudokarst areas within the places and values of exceptional signifi cance”. These Park have very considerable value for interpretation include the Cooleman Plain and Yarrangobilly karst especially in regard to landscape development and areas; the alpine landscapes of the Main Range; and evolution, karst processes, palaeontology and archae- the ski resort areas. At Kosciuszko the values and sig- ology. This is especially true of Yarrangobilly and nifi cance of karst are recognised in the KNP National Cooleman Plains (and perhaps Cooinbil because of Park Plan of Management 2006; KNP Geodiversity its easy access). Action Plan 2012-17 and Kosciuszko Karst Area Management Plan 2015 (KAMP). The latter two are as yet unpublished. There is also a Speleological Ref- GENERAL DISCUSSION erence Group consisting of park staff and community members experienced in cave and karst matters. The seven karst areas (excluding the ‘pseudokarst’ The seven karst areas within Kosciuszko have a granite and ice caves) within the Park (Fig. 1) are all wide range of geological, geomorphological, biologi- developed within Silurian or Devonian limestones or cal and recreational values in addition to their cultural their derivatives (Owen and Wyborn 1979, Wyborn et signifi cance to both indigenous people and to later ar- al. 1990), Spate (2003) and Spate and Gough (2016) rivals. At least two of the areas, Cooinbil and Cow- (Map 1). Nicoll and Brush (1976) and Brush (2016) ombat Flat, would appear not to have cave systems provide details on many of the signifi cant caves espe- – at least enterable by humans – but they have much cially at Yarrangobilly Spate and Gough, Treble et al. of interest. Carne and Jones (1919) reported addition- and Brush (chapters 5, 6 and 11, respectively, in Ellis al limestone areas (notably on the Main Range) but and Halbert 2016) provide additional information on these seem to be errors or misreporting of locations. aspects of the Yarrangobilly karst area. These areas are not listed or are dismissed in Lish- All the areas are within the Lachlan Fold Belt mund et al. (1986). The KAMP defi nes seven areas on but there are signifi cant differences from a geologi- the basis that limestone outcrops almost continuously cal perspective (see the introductory chapters in Lish- from Cooleman Plain down Cave Creek to the Go- mund et al 1986). These differences do not concern odradigbee River. (e.g. Matthews, 1985; CSS, 2009). us from a karst perspective. A grouping of the areas Some of the upper Goodradigbee limestones are of a is discussed below – and each area is discussed in different group (in the Pocket Formation) and have detail. It is obvious that the areas are distinct from previously been recognised as different (for example, other NSW karst areas in that they lie near the crest as the Wilkinson Limestone) below the waterfalls on of the Eastern Highlands – the so-called Great Divid- Cooleman Creek (Pickett, 1982). Further geological ing Range – and are in alpine, sub-alpine or montane research is required here. environments (for further discussion of their geomor- The seven areas are of local, regional, state or phic settings see Houshold et al. 1986). Cooleman national signifi cance – some would argue that some and Yarrangobilly have outstanding above-ground

254 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 A. SPATE AND A. BAKER

Figure 1. The seven karst areas in Kosciuszko National Park

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 255 KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL PARK KARST

Karst area Period Epoch Unit Name Cooleman Plains Silurian Wenlock-Pridoli Cooleman Limestone Upper Goodradigbee Silurian Ludlow-Llandovery Pocket Formation Cooinbil Silurian Ludlow-Llandovery Peppercorn Formation Yarrangobilly Silurian Wenlock Pridoli Yarrangobilly Limestone Jounama Creek Silurian Wenlock/Llandovery? Ravine Beds Indi Silurian Llandovery?? Cowombat Siltstone Cowombat Flat Silurian Llandovery? Cowombat Siltstone Devonian + Lick Hole Formation + Ravine Emsian + Quaternary Quaternary unnamed

Table 1. The geological setting of the Kosciuszko karst areas. karst landscapes, particularly caves, gorges and rising of international signifi cance based on their scientifi c streams. importance. Given that whole Park is internationally The seven areas considered are shown in Table recognised as a UNESCO Man in the Biosphere Re- 1. serve and nationally as a result of its listing on the They all have varying proportions of sub-alpine Register of the National Estate extensive discussion grasslands and forests and montane forest communi- of signifi cance may not be relevant here. The signifi - ties. Ravine has been highly disturbed by grazing, fi re cance of individual areas is discussed below disre- and weed invasion and appears to be somewhat of garding UNESCO and National Estate listings. a rain shadow area. Cooleman has been extensively In general, the suite of karst areas have outstand- disturbed by past grazing of cattle and by rabbits. Re- ing or representative at state to national scale, and cently, wild horses have been having major impacts maybe beyond, signifi cance for their geomorphology, at Cooleman including on karst features, as well as their landscapes above and below ground, and for swamps and other sensitive vegetation types, and their fl ora and fauna and indigenous connections. physical damage to cultural heritage items (Offi ce of Table 2 (updated from Spate and Houshold 1989) Environment and Heritage 2016 – hereafter OEH) gives an assessment of the scientifi c and other signifi - Each of the areas has distinctive characteristics cance of each of the seven karst areas. in terms of topographic setting, broad vegetation The karst areas are sites that are within the Park type and degree of karstifi cation and degree of karst and are thus dependent on the Park in all ways in- hydrological integration. Only two areas, Cooleman cluding their geographic location. They are all, in the and Yarrangobilly, have been surveyed for their de- proper sense of the word, “unique”. But, they have pendent cave invertebrate populations (Eberhard and a range of values from local to international. How- Spate 1995) although only at a reconnaissance level. ever, the holistic nature of karst systems, being part Both these areas have endemic plant species. Some of complex biophysical processes (and time), means sites, particularly Yarrangobilly and, to a lesser ex- that proper management of karst requires that envi- tent, Cooleman have signifi cant subfossil deposits in- ronmental conditions remain essentially unchanged cluding such species as Smokey Mouse (Pseudomys through time – within the bounds of natural environ- fumeus) and the Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) mental variability. However, defi nition of the time (Spate, 2006). scale over which natural variability is to be considered As with many other karst areas under the manage- is can be very problematic – even conditions in, and ment of the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service thus management operations of, two closely related all the seven karst areas are within Kosciuszko Na- caves such as Jersey and Jillabenan at Yarrangobilly tional Park or have their entire catchment areas within relate to very different time scales ranging from 100 Service estate. This makes their management easier to 106 years. Such time scales are markedly different from the viewpoint of total catchment protection. to most natural area management regimes and cer- However, the remoteness and ruggedness of some of tainly much longer than political cycles or theoretical the karst areas also presents management challenges. enthusiasms. The signifi cance of the seven karst areas ranges Work by Osborne (2001a, b) has brought into from national to local. We argue that for Cooleman question whether the fundamental tenet of karst man- and Yarrangobilly that there are aspects that may be agement – that of whole catchment management as an

256 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 A. SPATE AND A. BAKER

Karst area Botany History Zoology Geology Hydrology Archaeology Palaeontology Sedimentology Geomorphology

Cooleman Plains Representativeness 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 3 Outstandingness 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 2 3

Cooinbil Representativeness 3 4 4 4 * * * * * Outstandingness 4 4 4 4 * * * * *

Yarrangobilly Representativeness 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 Outstandingness 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2

Jounama Creek 2 4 4 4 * * * * * Representativeness 4 4 4 4 * * * * * Outstandingness

Indi 3 3 4 3 4 4 * 4 4 Representativeness 4 4 4 4 4 4 * 4 4 Outstandingness

Cowombat 4 4 4 4 * * * * * Representativeness 4 4 4 4 * * * * * Outstandingness

Ravine 3 3 4 3 4 * * * * Representativeness 3 3 4 4 4 * * * * Outstandingness 1 = international; 2 = national; 3 = regional; 4 = local; * = data defi cient

Table 2. Degree of scientifi c and cultural signifi cance of the eight karst areas within Kosciuszko National Park (after Spate and Houshold 1989 and Spate 2004). appropriate management response – given that many documentation, karst geomorphology and hydrology, Eastern Australian karst areas may have developed terrestrial vegetation and cave-dependent fauna and from rising groundwater rather than sinking surface more lately on the impacts of fi re on karst processes. waters. His fi nding may not relate to any of the karst There is much more survey and documentation work areas within Kosciuszko; however. it is worth re- that could be done in these – and the other areas. Par- membering that simple, and long-held management ticular issues include terrestrial fl ora, subterranean paradigms, must be questioned from time to time. Os- fauna, hydrological relationships and landscape ev- borne (1996) has also pointed out the important role olution. Recent work at Yarrangobilly has also evi- of sulfi de mineralisation in the development of caves denced the important of karst sites for palaeontology at Yarrangobilly and perhaps Cooleman. Both these and archaeology (Aplin et al. 2010, Ford and Aplin concepts reinforce the comments above about times- 2010). cales and environmental variability. The Kosciusko National Park Fire Management Cooleman and Yarrangobilly have had consider- Strategy 2008 – 2013 acknowledges the potentially able research emphasis largely concentrating on cave adverse impacts of fi re on the natural, cultural and

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 257 KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL PARK KARST recreational values of the Park, including its karst of aquatic crustaceans of considerable signifi cance. environments. It specifi cally addresses karst man- These aid in our understanding of the evolution of the agement in relation to prescribed burning and wild- fauna of continental Australia (George [Buz] Wilson, fi re suppression. Further management guidelines and Australian Museum, personal communication). policies are set out in the various documents referred There is a rich archaeological signifi cance at to above. Cooleman with many artefact scatters, several burial sites; parietal art has been reported in the past (Spate Cooleman Plains 1997). The Cooleman Plains Management Unit consists There is much more to Cooleman Plains than sci- of the Cave Creek catchment in its entirety as well entifi c values as is evidenced by the number of visi- parts of the Upper Goodradigbee River and of the tors – including many who have come back frequent- Peppercorn and Tinpot Creeks. Part of the area lies ly over many decades. It is important for recreation within the Bimberi Nature Reserve and the Bimberi – active and passive, as a destination, for its indig- Wilderness Area. It contains broad open plains, sig- enous and European heritage of occupation, grazing, nifi cant gorges and caves as well as many other karst use of caves and as a gateway to other parts of the forms such as dolines, stream sinks and risings and Park notably the Bimberi Wilderness and Namadgi karren features. National Park. Its signifi cance for these sorts of val- A good general description of the area is found ues is at a least a regional level. in the Cooleman Plains Karst Area Management Plan Its values are dependent on the maintenance of its adopted in July 1987 as a supplementary plan to the natural values on one hand and on the various cultural Kosciusko National Park Plan of Management and features on the other. It provides both a signifi cant formalised in the 1988 Amendments to that Plan and destination and access route – features which render in the KNP Karst Area Management Plan. it susceptible to both “being loved to death” and to The area includes the very popular car-based at- being over-managed. Keeping the Blue Waterholes traction of Blue Waterholes (the largest karst spring area in a natural condition but allowing heavy use is a in the mainland part of the Eastern Highlands), a particular challenge. number of spectacular gorges, many caves and other karst features. It is a popular walking and horse-rid- Cooinbil ing area and includes a number of sites of signifi cance The tiny Cooinbil karst (<2 ha) is an interesting to both Aboriginal and European cultural heritage. site, containing solutional features such as karren, Perhaps the most important of these is the Coolamine have formed on a small limestone outcrop. Although Homestead complex. Grazing continued on part of located very near the intensely used Cooinbil Hut the area until 1977. horse use area it is not disturbed by current park use. Spate and Houshold (1989) argued that aspects It is of local signifi cance. of Cooleman Plains had levels of signifi cance rang- ing from international to local in a number of fi elds Yarrangobilly of scientifi c endeavour. Others argued, in discussion The Yarrangobilly Management Unit covers an at the First Fenner Conference, for example, that the area of 18,211 ha and includes the large Yarrangobilly grounds for international signifi cance were overstat- karst area. It is delineated by the catchment of the Yar- ed. Spate and Houshold argued that the quality and rangobilly River above Little Glory Hole Creek. Parts range (and citations) of the geomorphological and of the Management Unit lie within the Bogong and hydrological research conducted by the late Joe Jen- Goobarragandra wilderness areas. It also includes the nings and others gave credence a view supporting Jounama Pine Plantation (currently being harvested international signifi cance. The gorges, blind valleys, and returned to native species) which partially over- springs, caves and other karst features, including the lies the karst. An enigmatic area, to the west of the probable exhumed Devonian karst features around Jounama Pine Plantation, is of uncertain hydrologi- “Bung Harris Dam”, are an important part of the suite cal affi nities and lies in the Jounama Creek catchment of Australian karst landscapes. (rather than that of the Yarrangobilly River). Thus, this aspect of the signifi cance of Cooleman The Yarrangobilly karst area can be arbitrarily Plains rises from regional to national. Table 2 above split into three broad zones based largely on the de- gives an overall assessment of scientifi c signifi cance gree of disturbance, visitor use and management in- of Cooleman. tensity. From south to north these are: Since 1989, work conducted by Eberhard and 1. The Visitor Services Zone (Yarrangobilly Spate (1995) and reviewed in Thurgate et al. 2001a, Show Caves Precinct; up to the north side of Harrie- 2001b, has demonstrated the presence of a number wood Gorge and including Grotto and Castle Caves).

258 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 A. SPATE AND A. BAKER

This area contains a range of recreational opportuni- blackthorn species, Bursaria calcicola and B. spinosa ties range from guided cave tours, swimming in the var. lasiophylla. The presence of this latter variety is of thermal pool and caving, to sightseeing, picnicking considerable interests as it is the host for the Bathurst camping, walking and fi shing. Copper Butterfl y, Paralucia spinifera, and its associ- 2. The so-called Yarrangobilly “plateau” (from ated ant, Anonychomyrna itinerans. If the Butterfl y is Harrie Wood Gorge to the north side of Wombat confi rmed at Yarrangobilly it will be a very large ex- Creek (the creek-line along which Yans Crossing Fire tension of range for this rare and endangered species. Trail runs) – including all drainage to Coppermine There are signifi cant subfossil deposits within some Cave). Cave access is tightly controlled; the area is of the caves and, as stated above, there are signifi cant subject to little disturbance (other than the presence archaeological and palaeontological sites. of the Snowy Mountains Highway). The area includ- The area has very considerable aesthetic and ing the former Yarrangobilly racecourse, Garnet Hill, recreational signifi cance. The gorges, blind valleys, Yarrangobilly Village, Jounama Pine Plantation and springs, caves and other karst features are an impor- a small area in the headwaters of Jounama Creek tant part of the suite of Australian karst landscapes. A around GR 305 567 (Yarrangobilly 1:25,000) outside very large number of recreational activities are under- of the Yarrangobilly Management Unit.. Much is in- taken within the Management Unit. The area is rec- tensely disturbed, heavily used for recreation and for ognised nationally as a site of very great recreational pine harvesting and subsequent rehabilitation. value (Davey 1984). However, the area is considered in one block in the discussion below. Jounama Creek/Black Perry Mountain There are several hundred caves in the area as The area consists of a north-westerly extension well as a large number of other karst features (such of the Silurian Yarrangobilly Limestone in the valley as blind valleys and pinnacle fi elds like “The Tomb- of Jounama Creek and its tributary Cave (or Clive) stones”), endemic plants and animals (including Creek. Most of the carbonate rocks are a highly meta- rare and endangered species, Downing and Oldfi eld morphosed and mineralised ridge which forms Black (2002) and a considerable number of European cul- Perry Mountain. A single small, and unusual, cave is tural features. The number of Aboriginal sites and found high up on the eastern fl ank of the ridge and 15 cultural features appears to be limited although this is small caves are found in the Cave Creek valley to the probably an artefact of lack of knowledge rather than north of Black Perry. Other areas of limestone may actual situation. This is changing through better com- exist on Jounama Creek below the Cave Creek junc- munication with the Local Aboriginal Land Council tion at Pether’s Lode. The area is within the Bogong and with identifi cation of whole-of-landscape values Wilderness and is accessed by foot from the Snowy as well as specifi c sites. Mountains Highway. Sir Terence Murray reported fi nding numerous The signifi cance of the karst and caves is prob- Aboriginal bones and removed a skull from a cave ably little more than local although the cave on Black in 1839 (Mowle, 1891; Spate, 1997). Aboveground, Perry may rank more highly than this. The karst and the presence of numerous stone fl akes in Rules Creek associated adjoining skarn deposit is uncommon Valley is indicative of an aboriginal campsite (NPWS, in NSW and is of state to national signifi cance. At 2000). More recently, excavations in Drummond least one mineral present here (babingtonite) is only Cave (Y259) unearthed burnt bones and stone arte- known from two other localities in Australia (Gole facts, which indicate people visited the site on several 1981, Mindat, 2014). The caves in caves along Cave occasions over the time interval of 9700-9120 years Creek may have Indigenous values. before present. This more than doubled the previously known 4500 year history of occupation above 1000 m Indi ASL in the Australian Alps (Aplin et al., 2010; Ford This small area consists of two small limestone and Aplin, 2010). lenses north of McHardies Flat on the upper Murray The scientifi c signifi cance of the Yarrangobilly River. There is one limestone outcrop further north karst area is summarised in Table 2. The levels range with one high level, albeit small cave. They are ac- from local to national. The cultural signifi cance is un- cessed via 4WD tracks from Victoria (with little pros- questioned with similar levels of signifi cance. These pect of these being closed) and is essentially isolated assessments have been reinforced most recently by in winter. Indi is within the Pilot Wilderness NPWS (2000). There are a suite of rare and endan- The area is unusual in that the 13 small caves are gered plant and animal species here as well as lime- perched on a small terrace 10-15 m above river level. stone-endemic species such as the recently confi rmed It is not known if this bench is structural or a river ter-

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 259 KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL PARK KARST race cut in the limestone. The caves appear to be hy- WHAT IS NEW? drologically isolated by thick clayey, possibly glacial outwash sediments in the lower parts of the caves and Since earlier assessments (e.g. Spate 2003, thus small ephemeral lakes exist in wetter periods. 2006) of the values of the Kosciuszko karsts little has The signifi cance of the Indi karst is local to re- changed in our knowledge of the seven areas except at gional (Table 2). Although some research on the geo- Yarrangobilly where there have been considerable ad- morphology of the karst and its regional setting has vances on two fronts. Firstly, we have the work of Dr been conducted nothing has been published. Pauline Treble, Prof Andy Baker and their colleagues The regional level of signifi cance here arises from ANSTO, the University of New South Wales from the perched watertable, the possible palaeocli- and elsewhere looking at karst processes especially matic signifi cance of the clay sediments and from the in relationship to fi re. Secondly, there is the work of associations with Aboriginal prehistory (Spate 1997). Fred Aplin and Fred Ford in regarding the vertebrate The area has not been adequately surveyed for its palaeontology and the occupation of the high country biospeleological attributes – especially aquatic inver- by Indigenous people. tebrates. Yarrangobilly Caves has hosted, and continues to work with, researchers from world-class institutions Cowombat Flat studying the above and belowground environment. Cowombat Flat, precisely on the border between Yarrangobilly has the only long-term sub-alpine cave Victoria and New South Wales, possesses a few small monitoring program in Australia and the fi rst experi- dolines demonstrating that there are both soluble ment designed to investigate impacts of fi re on cave rocks and a subterranean drainage system. A karst drip water. The research has resulted in seven peer- system must be present albeit in an area of only a reviewed journal publications with others to come. hectare or so. The New South Wales part is within the A summary of the research projects by Treble et al. Pilot Wilderness and is only of local signifi cance. (2016) was published in Caves and karst of Yarrango- billy by the Sydney Speleological Society. Here, we Ravine (O’Hares Creek/Lobs Hole) summarise the main themes of the research, the meth- Although there is a great deal of limestone at ods used and consider the signifi cance of the fi ndings Ravine most is very thinly bedded, fl aggy or impure at a national and international level. and thus karst features are absent although there are Understanding the hydrological processes that persistent rumours of caves – and one photograph of affect speleothem development is a central research a cave entrance alleged to be in O’Hares Creek has theme at Yarrangobilly. Campbell et al. (2017) char- been seen. Searching over many years has not re- acterised the hydrological infl uences on one spele- vealed any caves in the Devonian limestones (which othem in Jersey Cave to determine its suitability as are one of the two areas within the Park separately a proxy record, whereas Markowska et al. (2015) entered on the former Register of the National Estate used a network of drip sites in Harriewood Cave to for the geological values – for their fossils in Ravine’s understand drip water evolution in the epikarst. Both case). The Lick Hole Formation is an exemplary ex- studies demonstrated that it is necessary to consider ample of Early Devonian limestone rich in fossils hydrological processes affecting individual sites for and displaying changes in depositional environments paleoclimate interpretation. Coleborn et al. (2016a) (Flood 1969, Pedder 1971, Percival 1979). observed a different mechanism affecting cave hy- However, groundwater has dissolved calcium drological processes: the intermittent daily water ab- carbonate from the Devonian limestones. This has straction by vegetation. They found that transpiration been re-deposited in a number of places where the from the overlying vegetation caused daily oscilla- waters of the ephemeral streams tumbles over the tions in drip discharge. Coleborn et al. (2016b) iden- cliffs of the Milk Shanty Walls. In these sites there are tifi ed vegetation as a potential variable affecting karst large tufa banks containing some caves of construc- processes. Soil CO2 concentration was lower at burnt tion, massive stalactites and other karst forms. These sites fi ve years post-fi re because there was less veg- may be the largest deposits of tufa south of Far North etation. Lower soil CO2 concentrations can decrease Queensland. They probably have been deposited very calcite precipitation resulting in reduced speleothem recently – probably through the Quaternary Period. growth (Coleborn et al. 2016b). These fi ndings sup- Ravine has been highly disturbed by grazing, port a growing research area examining the impact of mining, timber cutting, fi re and weed invasion. It ap- vegetation on karst processes and speleothem paleo- pears to be somewhat of a rain shadow area and soils climate proxies. are generally infertile

260 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 A. SPATE AND A. BAKER

Research at Yarrangobilly has also focussed on windblown soil and sea salt from the Southern Ocean. investigating the relationship between climate and Data from a weather station installed in 2011 above surface conditions and speleothem formation. Tadros Harrie Wood Cave has also provided valuable long- et al. (2016) demonstrated a relationship between El term data including soil moisture, soil temperature, Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and drip water air temperature and wind direction which has been trace element concentration. This informs the inter- used in numerous research projects (Coleborn et al., pretation of palaeo-rainfall conditions in speleothem 2016a, Tadros et al., 2016; Markowska et al., 2015). records. The impact of fi re on drip water geochemis- The research at Yarrangobilly is signifi cant for try was investigated using an experimental prescribed Australia as it includes the longest cave monitoring fi re above South Glory Cave. There was a signifi cant program in the only sub-alpine cave site monitored in geochemical response to fi re that could be used to Australia (Harrie Wood Cave). The long-term moni- identify fi re events in speleothem records. toring provides information about the cave response to A fl owstone sample from Jersey Cave was used changing climate and recurring events such as ENSO to assess climate during the period 99-37 ka (Webb (Tadros et al., 2016). The paleoclimate record from et al. 2014). They found that aridity peaked before a stalagmite YB-F1 has increased knowledge about growth hiatus from 84 and 47 ka and the recommence- past climates in southeast Australia during the period ment of growth was associated with greater moisture 99-37 ka (Webb et al., 2014). The hydrology of indi- availability. This speleothem record is important be- vidual caves has been well-characterised, resulting in cause it covers a period that includes the megafauna a comprehensive understanding of the Yarrangobilly extinction and the arrival of humans in Australia. Caves system (Markowska et al., 2015; Coleborn et Cave drip discharge monitoring is a common al., 2016a; Campbell et al., 2017). Moreover, this research technique used at Yarrangobilly. The use of cave system has been placed in an international con- ‘Stalagmate’ commercial drip loggers makes it pos- text by the inclusion of data in meta-datasets (Baker sible to generate long-term, high temporal resolution et al., 2016). drip hydrographs. These data are used to study the The research fi ndings from Yarrangobilly are cave discharge response to rainfall and build cave hy- internationally signifi cant. New protocols have been drological models. Markowska et al. (2015) used a developed for assessing the fi delity of a speleothem combined conceptual and box hydrological model to (Campbell et al., 2017) and for determining the rela- explain fi ve drip regime types at Harriewood Cave. tive importance of drip hydrological trends (Coleborn Campbell et al. (2017) used drip monitoring and et al., 2016a). Surface processes such as tree water geophysical data to develop a conceptual model that use and bushfi res have been identifi ed as potential would inform a simple drip model. The two studies causes of erroneous paleoclimate record interpreta- independently showed that both caves can be repre- tion (Coleborn et al. 2016a, other papers in prepara- sented by a two-store model (soil and epikarst). tion). Drip water geochemical properties such as trace Yarrangobilly research is high quality and has metal concentration and stable water isotope (δ18O been published in high-ranking journals. The research and δ2H) composition are monitored at Yarrangobilly has primarily focussed on karst hydrological process- Caves. Drip water samples were collected on a bi- es and climate processes affecting speleothem proxy monthly basis for two years from 18 sites in South paleoclimate records. Additionally, there are long- Glory Cave to investigate the short-term impact of term monitoring campaigns for cave drip discharge, fi re on drip water geochemistry. While, Tadros et al. drip geochemistry, surface conditions. The research (2016) used a longer dataset collected from three sites has signifi cant fi ndings for Australia and the wider fortnightly from 2007-2013 to investigate the poten- speleothem proxy paleoclimate record community. tial of using trace element and stable oxygen-isotope The second signifi cant study arises from work (δ18O) variations as palaeorainfall proxies. Drip wa- carried out by Ken Aplin and Fred Ford, formerly of ter geochemical data is important to identify short- CSIRO, who investigated many caves at Yarrangobil- term responses to surface conditions and long-term ly, Cooleman and Ravine looking for bone materials trends in climate. to provide evidence of both old and new faunal ele- Surface monitoring provides an essential con- ments. Eleven sites were investigated with ages from text to in-cave monitoring programs and is an im- the present back as far as an estimated age of one portant aspect of Yarrangobilly research. Tadros et to four million years (Ford and Aplin, unpublished al. (2018) collected aerosol samples from 2013-2017 CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems report, 2010). and found that the aerosol sources at Yarrangobilly The fi ndings ranged from surfi cial deposits, lay- included automobiles, fi res, coal fi red power plants, ered unconsolidated and consolidated deposits, to an-

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 261 KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL PARK KARST cient fossiliferous breccia. Some megafaunal species development of tufa terraces, since the type and na- are represented. Serendipitously, one site, Drummond ture of organic debris present, as well as hydrological Cave (Y259), proved to be an Early Holocene human regimes and microclimate are key factors that infl u- occupation site dating to 9700 calibrated years before ence tufa deposition. Recent funding has enabled sig- present (Aplin et al. 2010). This is highest known oc- nifi cant weed control programs to be implemented at cupation site within the region. The presence of stone Cooleman (targeting sweet briar and willow) and Yar- artefacts and burnt bone indicated the site was used rangobilly (targeting blackberry and elms) and have between 9700 and 9120 years before present but in- been highly successful in the areas treated. frequently thereafter. Feral animals, particularly wild horses, are an is- Examination of the Drummond Cave bone mate- sue in many of the karst areas and have caused con- rial has led to some insights into the coming and going siderable damage at Cooleman and Cowombat Flat of various mammalian species through the last 10,000 to streams and swamps. Bedrock features such as the years indicating the regional extinction of such spe- very fragile A-tents at Cooleman appear to have been cies as Gymnobelideus leadbeateri and Pseudomys directly destroyed by horse hooves. higginsi. The fossiliferous breccia possibly predates Aside from horses, at present the impacts of in- the arrival of the genus Rattus and thus may shine a troduced fauna on the values of the parks karst are light on the pre-Rattus rodents. relatively minor and limited to localised rooting of the ground by pigs and burrowing and grazing by rabbits. These pests are controlled in accordance with CONCLUSIONS the Southern Ranges Regional Pest Strategy (OEH, The conclusions of this brief survey of the karst 2013). resources and their signifi cance in Kosciuszko Na- tional Park are that the Park has international, na- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tional, regional and local signifi cance in respect of its karst values. Recent research at Yarrangobilly has Our primary thanks must go to Katie Coleborn who contributed signifi cantly to our knowledge and recog- prepared the masterly summary of the research of the Uni- nition of the karst values. But, this has shown that we versity of New South Wales and other researchers into the need more understanding on Yarrangobilly and the effects of fi re on karst processes that is included above. In other areas. Studies in karst environments have much addition, we would like to thank the many cavers, academ- to offer us in terms of understanding climate change, ics, researchers, NPWS staff and local residents who have the role of fi re in geological and biological systems assisted us in so many ways over the 40 odd years that we in karst processes and in unravelling archaeological have been working within Kosciuszko National Park and surrounds. They are too many to list individually and any to and palaeontological histories. The biospeleological attempt to do so would inevitably result in accidental omis- aspects also need further elucidation. sions. Threats to the karst largely arise from fi re, visitor pressures, spread of weeds and of the impacts of wild horses. Fire can affect karst landforms directly by the REFERENCES spalling and calcining of bedrock outcrops destroying surfi cial karren features (Holland 1984, Spate 2003a, Aplin, K., Ford, F. and Hiscock, P. (2010). 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264 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Conodonts, Corals and Stromatoporoids from Late Ordovician and Latest Silurian Allochthonous Limestones in the Cuga Burga Volcanics of Central Western New South Wales

YONG YI ZHEN

Geological Survey of New South Wales, WB Clarke Geoscience Centre, 947-953 Londonderry Road, Londonderry, NSW 2753, Australia

Published on 5 October 2018 at https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/LIN/index

Zhen, Y.Y. (2018). Conodonts, corals and stromatoporoids from Late Ordovician and latest Silurian allochthonous limestones in the Cuga Burga Volcanics of central western New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 140, 265-294.

Conodont faunas of two disparate ages were recovered from allochthonous limestone clasts within the Cuga Burga Volcanics of the Wellington region in central western New South Wales. A Late Ordovician conodont fauna comprising 12 species is confi dently assigned to the Taoqupognathus blandus Biozone of early Katian age. Four other samples yielded latest Silurian conodonts including Belodella resima, Belodella sp., Delotaxis detorta?, Dvorakia sp., Lanea? planilingua, Panderodus unicostatus, Pseudooneotodus beckmanni, Pseudooneotodus sp., Wurmiella excavata and Zieglerodina remscheidensis. Rugose and tabulate corals found in association with the latest Silurian conodont samples include Aphyllum lonsdalei, Aphyllum pachystele, Cystiphyllum sp., Tryplasma derrengullenense, Entelophyllum patulum yassense?, Pseudoplasmopora follis, Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. heliolitoides, Striatopora sp. A, Striatopora sp. B, Syringopora sp., and Favositidae gen. et sp. indet. Associated late Silurian stromatoporoids include Amphipora sp., Clavidictyon? sp., Schistodictyon webbyi sp. nov. and Syringostromella sp. Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, 1907 is revised based on thin sections prepared from the lectotype and a topotype and re-examination of the other type specimens.

Manuscript received 10 July 2018, accepted for publication 16 September 2018

KEYWORDS: biostratigraphy, conodonts, corals, Cuga Burga Volcanics, Lachlan Orogen, Ordovician, Silurian, stromatoporoids.

INTRODUCTION only present in allochthonous limestones and have not been extensively studied. Conodonts and macrofossils The Early Devonian (Lochkovian) age of the from these allochthonous limestones were previously Cuga Burga Volcanics on the northern Molong High reported briefl y in publications by Strusz (1960, in central western New South Wales is based on its 1961), Bischoff (1981), Meakin and Morgan (1999), stratigraphic position, variously overlying the Barnby Cherns et al. (2004) and Farrell (2004a), in several Hills Shale and Hanover Formation of late Silurian unpublished honours theses (Kemežys 1959; Bunny age (Rickards et al. 2005), and in other places sitting 1962; Vandyke1970; Morton 1974) and in an conformably on the Camelford Limestone that spans internal report of the Geological Survey of NSW the Silurian – Devonian boundary. Stratigraphic units [GSNSW] (Percival 1998). Documented herein conformably overlying the Cuga Burga Volcanics are conodonts and associated macrofossils (corals include the Garra Formation (Lochkovian to Pragian and stromatoporoids) collected from allochthonous age) and the Tolga Member of the Cunningham limestones within the Cuga Burga Volcanics in the Formation (Mawson and Talent 2000; Talent and area immediately south and east of Wellington (Fig. Mawson 1999). Internal evidence for the age of the 1) during the GSNSW mapping program of the Cuga Burga Volcanics is not as precise, as fossils are Dubbo 1:250,000 Sheet (2nd edition) in 1997-1998 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS

Figure 1. Location maps and stratigraphy of the study area; a, map of Australia showing the location of the study area (Fig. 1b) in central western New South Wales; b, map showing the study area im- mediately south and east of Wellington and the sample locations from allochthonous limestones in the Cuga Burga Volcanics (base map based on Google Earth); c, Stratigraphy of the Cuga Burga Volcanics (modifi ed after Meakin and Morgan 1999, fi g. 1; Fergusson 2010 fi g. 4; Mawson and Talent 2000). and an additional conodont sample (A87) obtained REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF by G. Bischoff. This contribution represents the fi rst THE CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS palaeontological study focussed on the fossils from the Cuga Burga Volcanics, and provides new data The Cuga Burga Volcanics was formally named to confi rm the allochthonous origin and possible by Strusz (1960, fi g. 2) for the volcanic succession of sources of the limestone clasts in this volcanic unit. lava fl ows, tuffs, breccias, and associated sandstones, The study will enable a better understanding of the siltstones and limestones exposed on both sides of the regional palaeogeography and tectonostratigraphic Oakdale Anticline, immediately south of Wellington implications of tectonic events affecting the northern (Fig. 1). The nomenclatural history of the unit and Lachlan Orogen preceding the Early Devonian. its current defi nition and distribution mainly in the

266 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN

Dubbo and Bathurst 1:250,000 map sheet areas that its base was diachronous, varying from the delta were reviewed by Meakin and Morgan (1999). The conodont Biozone to the pesavis conodont Biozone Cuga Burga Volcanics is dominated by shoshonitic of the upper Lochkovian (Wilson 1987; Mawson et latitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with minor al. 1988; Talent and Mawson 1999; Farrell 2004a). lithological components identifi ed as three unnamed Packham et al. (2001) indicated that the base of the members, namely detrital limestone horizons, trachyte Cunningham Formation was also diachronous from and latite intrusions, and trachyte and rhyolite units late Lochkovian (delta conodont Biozone) on the (Morton 1974; Meakin and Morgan 1999). Although west fl ank of the Hill End Trough to late Pragian in it generally forms easily recognizable rocky hills or the east. walls in the area due to stronger resistance to erosion, Meakin and Morgan (1999, fi g. 9) presented no continuous section of the formation is available a palaeogeographic model demonstrating the and the type section is yet to be established. Therefore development during the Lochkovian of various the lithofacies distribution, internal stratigraphy and stratigraphic units on the Molong Arch (referred to as detailed correlation of this volcanic unit are still Molong High, Molong Platform or Mumbil Shelf by poorly understood. various authors) and on the Cowra Trough to the west The thickness of the Cuga Burga Volcanics is and Hill End Trough to the east in central NSW. They highly variable, ranging from a maximum thickness identifi ed at least fi ve eruptive centres in the region, of approximately 1300 m estimated from the outcrops which generated the material for the deposition of exposed southwest of Stuart Town (Kemežys 1959; the Cuga Burga Volcanics. Widespread volcanic Packham 1969; Morton 1974, p. 9; Mawson and activity in the late Silurian and Early Devonian Talent 2000; Talent and Mawson 1999), 640 m thick refl ected thermal instability in the region and acted in the Mumbil area (Strusz 1960), about 400 m thick as a prelude (with alternating episodes of contraction to the north of the Wuuluman Granite, to only 50 m and extension) of the Tabberabberan Orogeny in the thick in the Four Mile Creek area which represents its Middle Devonian (Fergusson 2010). most southern exposure (Meakin and Morgan 1999). At a location west of Stuart Town, the Cuga Burga Volcanics was reported missing, with Cunningham METHODS AND REPOSITORY Formation directly resting on the Barnby Hills Shale (Packham 1969, p. 140). All the limestone samples were cut for preparation Strusz (1960, p. 132) indicated that around the of coral and stromatoporoid thin sections before they Oakdale Anticline the Cuga Burga Volcanics directly were dissolved in 10% acetic acid. The resulting overlay the Barnby Hills Shale and was overlain insoluble residues were separated using sodium by the Tolga Member (a calcarenite unit) of the polytungstate solution to reduce the residue volume Cunningham Formation (also see Morton 1976). for picking. Illustrated specimens were gold coated Meakin and Morgan (1999, fi g. 1; Fig. 1c) provided a and photographed by SEM using a mix of secondary more comprehensive overview of contact relationships and backscattered electrons. Figures 2-6 are SEM of the Cuga Burga Volcanics with underlying and photomicrographs of conodonts captured digitally overlying stratigraphic units in the Dubbo 1:250,000 (numbers with the prefi x IY are the fi le names of the map sheet area. The Lochkovian age (eurekaensis digital images). 70 conodont specimens are fi gured conodont Biozone to lower pesavis conodont Biozone) and bearing the prefi x MMMC (MMMC5242 to now accepted for the Cuga Burga Volcanics relies MMMC5311 inclusive). They are deposited in the on these regional stratigraphic contact relationships, microfossil collection, and corals (Figs 7-11) and specifi cally derived from conodont biozonation of stromatoporoids (Fig. 12) in the macrofossil collection overlying and underlying stratigraphic units (Talent (prefi x MMF), of the Geological Survey of New and Mawson 1999; Meakin and Morgan 1999; Fig. South Wales, housed at the WB Clarke Geoscience 1c). A Přidoli (eosteinhornensis conodont Biozone) Centre at Londonderry in outer western Sydney. For to Lochkovian (eurekaensis conodont Biozone or the corals and stromatoporoids illustrated in Figures possibly early delta conodont Biozone) age for the 7-12, each MMF number represents one rock sample, Camelford Limestone was based on the conodont from which one or more thin sections were prepared faunas recovered from several measured sections of (each with a suffi x a, b, c etc, following the MMF this unit exposed in the Gap and Camelford Park areas, number). On each thin section, if multiple taxa occur, south of Wellington (Farrell 2004a, 2004b). Intensive they are annotated with a suffi x -1, -2 -3 etc after the studies of conodonts from the Garra Formation that thin section catalogue number, such as MMF34020b- overlies the Cuga Burga Volcanics demonstrated 1 (Tryplasma derrengullenense) and MMF34020b-2 (Entelophyllum patulum yassense?).

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 267 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS n

allochthonous limestones C: V 1C%`1:J Ordovicia

QH: 1QJ Sample numbers Total

Species A87 C1600 C1591 C1607 C1628 C1518 C1627 C1632 C1633 C1634 Belodina confluens Sweet, 1979 27 27 Besselodus fusus Zhen in Zhen et al., 2015 11 Chirognathus cliefdenensis Zhen and Webby, 1995 18 18 Drepanoistodus suberectus (Branson and Mehl, 1933) 44 Panderodus gracilis (Branson and Mehl, 1933) 114 114 Panderodus sp. Zhen, Webby and Barnes, 1999 11 11 Periodon grandis (Ethington, 1959) 16 16 Pseudooneotodus mitratus (Moskalenko, 1973) 11 Taoqupognathus blandus An in An et al., 1985 10 10 Venoistodus sp. 11 Yaoxianognathus ? tunguskaensis (Moskalenko, 1973) 38 38 Yaoxianognathus sp. cf. Y. yaoxianensis An in An et al., 1985 22 Belodella resima (Philip, 1965) 33 6 QJQRQJ  Belodella sp. 11 Delotaxis detorta ? (Walliser, 1964) 12 3 Dvorakia sp. 77 Lanea ? planilingua (Murphy and Valenzuela-Rios, 1999) 121? 4 Panderodus unicostatus (Branson and Mehl, 1934) 36 15 5 56 Panderodus sp. 510 15 Pseudooneotodus beckmanni (Bischoff and Sannemann, 1958) 11 Pseudooneotodus sp. 11 Wurmiella excavata (Branson and Mehl, 1933) 81 9 Zieglerodina remscheidensis (Ziegler, 1960) 104113 28 Total conodont specimens yielded 2436724169005100 359 Aphyllum lonsdalei (Etheridge, 1890) XXX Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 2016 XXX Cystiphyllum sp. XX

HQ`:C Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, 1907 X %$QV Entelophyllum patulum yassense ? (Etheridge, 1892) XX Striatopora sp. A XX Striatopora sp. B XX X X Favositid gen. et sp. indet. X Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1851) X HQ`:C

:G%C: V Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. heliolitoides (Lindstrom, 1899) XX Syringopora sp. X Amphipora sp. X Clavidictyon ? sp. X Schistodictyon webbyi sp. nov. X ]Q`Q1R

 `QI: QR Syringostromella sp. XX XX

Table 1. Distribution of conodont species from fi ve limestone samples, and corals and stromatoporoids in six limestone samples (X marking occurrence of species in each sample) of the Cuga Burga Volcanics.

Type material of Tryplasma derrengullenense MATERIAL AND SAMPLE LOCALITIES Etheridge, 1907, including the Lectotype (AM F.9789, FT.15449 and FT.15450), paralectotypes (AM F.9707 A total of 359 identifi able conodont specimens and AM F.50623), and two topotypes (AM F.9793, (Table 1) were recovered from seven limestone AM F.9794, FT.15451 cut from AM F9794) are samples, including 243 specimens from the Upper housed at the Australian Museum, Sydney. Ordovician sample (A87) and 116 specimens from the remaining six samples of Silurian age (mostly NOTE: FIGURES 2-12 ARE LOCATED latest Silurian). The CAI of the conodonts from FOLLOWING THE REFERNCES these samples is about 3.5 to 4. The limestones are moderately recrystallized with microstructure details of corals and stromatoporoids altered and generally

268 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN poorly preserved. However, Aphyllum lonsdalei alteration seems variable among specimens allowing some better- MMF Sample No Dc (mm) Td (mm) preserved specimens to be MMF33963a C1591 10 1.5-3 studied and illustrated in this MMF33963b C1591 11x14 contribution. MMF33979a-1 C1591 7 0.8 Sample A87 was collected and processed by the late Dr MMF33979b-1 C1591 8.5 Günther Bischoff from a limestone MMF33980 C1591 6 1 megaclast (about 3 m in length) MMF34018a-1 C1627 6 in the Cuga Burga Volcanics, MMF34019-1 C1627 5 0.8-1 exposed immediately north of the road from Red Hill to Apsley MMF34024a C1627 7x9 about 400 m E of Apsley (about MMF34024b C1627 7 1-2 400 m E of Railway crossing; grid MMF34024c C1627 7 1-2 ref. 32.592222°S, 148.951111°E, MMF 34026 C1627 6 see Bischoff 1981, p. 176), 4.5 km SSE of Wellington (Fig. 1). This MMF34006a C1518 8 2-3 sample produced a well preserved MMF34006b C1518 8 1-2 and diverse Late Ordovician (early MMF 34006c C1518 9 Katian) conodont fauna including MMF34011a C1518 15 1.8-4 Belodina confl uens Sweet, 1979 MMF34011b C1518 12x15 (Fig. 2a-g), Besselodus fusus Zhen in Zhen et al., 2015 (Fig. MMF34012a C1518 16 2-4 2h-i), Chirognathus cliefdenensis MMF34012b C1518 16 Zhen and Webby, 1995 (Fig. 2j- MMF34012c C1518 15 1.5-3 n), Drepanoistodus suberectus (Branson and Mehl, 1933) (Fig. 2o- Aphyllum pachystele p), Panderodus gracilis (Branson MMF34061a C1600 19 5 and Mehl, 1933) (Fig. 3f-k), Panderodus sp. Zhen, Webby and MMF34061b C1600 10 5 Barnes, 1999 (Fig. 3l-o), Periodon MMF34063a C1600 16 grandis (Ethington, 1959) (Fig. MMF34063b C1600 11 3-5 3a-e), Pseudooneotodus mitratus MMF34008a C1518 13-19 5 (Moskalenko, 1973) (Fig. 4h), Taoqupognathus blandus An MMF34008c C1518 13x15 4 in An et al., 1985 (Fig. 4a- MMF34008d C1518 14 4-5 g), Venoistodus sp. (Fig. 2q), MMF34085a C1634 7-19 2-4 Yaoxianognathus? tunguskaensis MMF34085b C1634 21 2-9 (Moskalenko, 1973) (Fig. 4i-j) and Yaoxianognathus sp. cf. Y. yaoxianensis An in An et al., 1985 Table 2. Measurements of the corallite diameter (Dc) and vertical dis- (Fig. 4k). Bischoff (1981, p. 189) tance between tabulae (Td) of Aphyllum lonsdalei (Etheridge, 1890) reported recovery of eight valves and Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 2016 from fi ve limestone from this sample (A87) assignable samples of the Cuga Burga Volcanics. to Cobcrephora silurica Bischoff, from a fi ne-grained, pink-grey, birds-eye limestone a problematic taxon originally considered to be a clast of similar lithology in the same vicinity. These primitive chiton. two samples yielded a similar conodont fauna (Tables Sample C1600 (8 kg; grid ref. 32.707499°S, 1-3) including Belodella resima (Philip, 1965) (Fig. 149.011609°E; Fig. 1) was collected from a light 5a-e), Belodella sp. (Fig. 5f), Delotaxis detorta? grey-pink, birds-eye limestone clast associated (Walliser, 1964), Dvorakia sp. (Fig. 5g), Lanea? with corals and stromatoporoids from “Tolga”, east planilingua (Murphy and Valenzuela-Rios, 1999) of Tabletop Hill. Sample C1591 (7.9 kg; grid ref. (Fig. 6a), Panderodus unicostatus (Branson and 32.711902°S, 149.011167°E; Fig. 1) was collected Mehl, 1933) (Fig. 5l-n), Pseudooneotodus beckmanni

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 269 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS MMF33960b MMF33960a MMF33959c MMF33959b MMF33962a MMF33959a MMF33962b M303 C1600 MMF34063b MMF33963a M303 C1600 MMF34063a MMF33976 MMF33975 MMF33963b C1600 MMF34062b M302 C1600 MMF34062a MMF33977 M301 C1600 MMF34061b MMF33978 M301 C1600 MMF34061a MMF34007a MMF34006c MMF34006b MMF34006a MMF33980 MMF33979b MMF33979a MMF34007b MMF34010a MMF34008d MMF34008c MMF34008b MMF34008a

MMF numbers C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1518 C1518 C1518 C1518 C1518 C1591 C1591 C1591 C1518 C1518 C1518 C1518 C1518

Localities X X X X X X XX XX Aphyllum lonsdalei (Etheridge, 1890) XX X X X X X X X X Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 2016 X XX Cystiphyllum sp.

Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, 1907

Entelophyllum patulum yassense ? (Etheridge, 1892) X X Striatopora sp. A X X X X X X XX X X X X Striatopora sp. B

Favositidae gen. et sp. indet.

Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1851)

Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. heliolitoides (Lindstrom, 1899)

Syringopora sp.

Amphipora sp.

Clavidictyon ? sp.

Schistodictyon webbyi sp. nov.

Syringostromella sp. MMF34020a MMF34019 MMF34018a MMF34017b MMF34017a MMF34020b MMF34012c MMF34020c MMF34012b MMF34021a MMF34012a MMF34022b MMF34011b MMF34022c MMF34022a MMF34011a MMF34023a MMF34010b MMF34023b MMF34028 MMF34027 MMF34026 MMF34024d MMF34024c MMF34024b MMF34024a MMF34088c MMF34088b MMF34088a MMF34085b MMF34085a

MMF numbers C1627 C1627 C1627 C1627 C1627 C1627 C1518 C1627 C1518 C1627 C1518 C1627 C1518 C1627 C1627 C1518 C1627 C1518 C1627 C1632 C1627 C1627 C1627 C1627 C1627 C1627 C1634 C1634 C1634 C1634 C1634

Localities X XXX XX XX X X X X X X X Aphyllum lonsdalei (Etheridge, 1890) X X Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 2016

X Cystiphyllum sp. X XX Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, 1907

X Entelophyllum patulum yassense ? (Etheridge, 1892) XXX XXX Striatopora sp. A

Striatopora sp. B

Favositidae gen. et sp. indet.

X X X Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1851) X X Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. heliolitoides (Lindstrom, 1899)

X Syringopora sp.

Amphipora sp.

Clavidictyon ? sp. X X X X X Schistodictyon webbyi sp. nov.

X Syringostromella sp.

Table 3. List of rugose and tabulate coral and stromatoporoid species recovered from six limestone samples in the Cuga Burga Volcanics (X marking occurrence of species in each thin section).

(Bischoff and Sannemann, 1958) (Fig. 5k), Wurmiella are abundant rugose and tabulate corals (Tables 1-3), excavata (Branson and Mehl, 1933) (Fig. 6c-e) and including Aphyllum lonsdalei (Etheridge, 1890) (Fig. Zieglerodina remscheidensis (Ziegler, 1960) (Figs 7b-c, j-k), Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 5i, 6f, h-k, n-o). Associated in the limestone samples 2016 (Fig. 8a-b, e), Cystiphyllum sp., Entelophyllum

270 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN patulum yassense? (Etheridge, 1892), Striatopora LATE ORDOVICIAN CONODONT FAUNA AND sp. A, Striatopora sp. B (Fig. 10e), Favositid gen. BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION et sp. indet. (Fig. 11e), and the stromatoporoid Syringostromella sp. The Late Ordovician conodont fauna (Figs 2- Sample C1607 (7.8 kg; grid ref. 32.689087°S, 4, Table 1) recovered from sample A87 is typical 149.011082°E; Fig. 1, Table 1) was from a grey- of the Taoqupognathus blandus conodont Biozone green limestone clast exposed on “Catombal Park” defi ned by Zhen (2001) and widely recognized in property; it yielded Delotaxis detorta? (Fig. 5h), eastern Australia (Zhen and Webby 1995; Zhen et al. Lanea? planilingua (Fig. 6b), Pseudooneotodus sp. 1999, 2003; Zhen and Percival 2017). Apart from the (Fig. 5j) and Zieglerodina remscheidensis (Fig. 6g, nominal species, another 11 species were recovered l-m). from this limestone. All of them were previously Sample C1628 (8 kg, grid ref. 32.784373°S, reported from the T. blandus conodont Biozone in 148.990911°E; Fig. 1, Table 1) was from a dark grey, NSW. Zhen and Percival (2017, fi g. 2) suggested sandy limestone clast exposed near the Bell River. an early Katian age (late Ka1) for the T. blandus It produced Panderodus unicostatus, Zieglerodina Biozone and correlated it with the Diplacanthgraptus remscheidensis and a doubtful Pa specimen of Lanea? spiniferus Biozone (Eastonian 2) and basal part of the planilingua. overlying Dicranograptus kirki Biozone (Eastonian Sample C1633 (7.5 kg, grid ref. 32.541400°S, 3) of the Australian graptolite succession. 149.014383°E; Fig. 1, Table 1) from a light to medium A conodont fauna of the T. blandus Biozone was grey, sheared limestone exposed on “Brookfi eld” also reported from allochthonous limestones in the property, Burrendong, yielded only a few specimens underlying late Silurian Barnby Hills Shale exposed of Panderodus sp. Sample C1632 (7.7 kg, grid ref. between two major parallel faults (Eurimbla Fault 32.541428°S, 149.012681°E; Fig. 1, Table 1) from and Curra Creek Thrust Fault) in the area (Zhen et al. same property also yielded Panderodus sp. and a 2003, fi g. 1). The Bowan Park Limestone Subgroup poorly preserved tabulate coral specimen assigned to or a contemporary unit might be the original source of Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. heliolitoides (Lindström, these Late Ordovician limestone clasts. 1899). Conodonts were absent from the following three samples, but they yielded corals and stromatoporoids. LATEST SILURIAN CONODONT FAUNA Sample C1634 (8.2 kg, grid ref. 32.522597°S, 149.005873°E; Fig. 1) from a pink-red limestone A late Silurian (mostly likely late Přidoli) clast exposed on “Hillingdale” property, Burrendong, conodont fauna (Figs 5-6) was recovered from six produced several corals (Tables 1-3) including productive samples collected from allochthonous Aphyllum pachystele (Fig. 8c-d), Striatopora sp. B limestones in the Cuga Burga Volcanics, represented and Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards and by 10 species (Fig. 1, Table 1). Among the named Haime, 1851) (Fig. 11a-b). Sample C1627 (8.4 kg, species, Panderodus unicostatus and Pseudooneotodus grid ref. 32.687594°S, 148.939809°E; Fig. 1, Tables beckmanni had relatively long stratigraphic ranges 1-3) from a dark grey brecciated limestone exposed extending though the entire Silurian to Lower at Bells Mine, Wellington, yielded a diverse coral and Devonian, and Wurmiella excavata was common stromatoporoid fauna including Aphyllum lonsdalei from the lower Silurian to Lower Devonian (Fig. 7a, d-f), Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, (Corradini and Corriga 2010). Belodella resima was 1907 (Fig. 9a-b), a phaceloid rugose coral (strongly reported from the Ludlow to Upper Devonian (Druce recrystallized and indeterminate), Striatopora 1975; Boogaard 1983; Corriga et al. 2009; Corriga sp. A (Fig. 10a-b), Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. and Corradini 2009; Corradini and Corriga 2012). heliolitoides (Fig. 11c-d), Syringopora sp. (Fig. 10a- Despite widespread taxonomic disagreement among b), Amphipora sp. (Fig. 10a-b), Clavidictyon? sp. Silurian conodont workers and lack of a full multi- (Fig. 12h), Schistodictyon webbyi sp. nov. (Fig. 12a- element revision of this species originally proposed f) and Syringostromella sp. (Fig. 12g). Sample C1518 by Walliser (1964) as a form species from the famous (7.5kg, grid ref. 32.797783°S, 149.005419°E; Fig. Cellon section, near the Austria/Italy border, Delotaxis 1, Tables 1-3) from limestone clasts exposed SE of detorta is the nominal species of the conodont Bell River yielded several corals including Aphyllum Biozone recognized in the upper part of the Přidoli lonsdalei (Fig. 7g-i, l), Aphyllum pachystele (Fig. 8f- in Europe. It has a stratigraphic range restricted to g), Cystiphyllum sp. (Fig. 9e-h), Striatopora sp. B the upper Přidoli or possibly extending into the basal (Fig. 10c-d) and poorly preserved Syringostromella Lochkovian (Jeppsson 1988; Corradini and Corriga sp.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 271 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS

2012; Corradini et al. 2017). Jeppsson (1974, p. 22) Narragal Limestone, Bungonia Group, Barnby Hills indicated that at the Cellon section, the population Shale and Mirrabooka Formation in central NSW represented by the holotype had a small denticle (Etheridge 1907; Jones 1932, 1936, 1937, 1944; between some of the large ones. This distinctive Hill 1940, 1954; Strusz 1961, 1995; Sherwin 1971; character has also been observed in some of the McLean 1974, 1975, 1976; Munson et al. 2001). specimens recovered from the Cuga Burga Volcanics This assemblage is also known from Victoria (see (Fig. 5h). However, Carls et al. (2007, pp. 150-151, Strusz 1995, p. 20) and the Jack Hills Member of fi gs 3, 8) argued that this feature was not unique to D. the Jack Formation of northern Queensland (Hill detorta and the alternating small denticles were seen et al. 1969; Munson and Jell 2016). Corals of late only in some of the specimens that they illustrated Silurian to Lochkovian age were reported from the as D. detorta from the GSSP for the Přidoli Series Cookeys Plains Formation of central NSW (Földvary in the Prague Synform. Both Lanea? planilingua 2000) and from a dredged sample on the continental and Zieglerodina remscheidensis in the fauna from slope off southern NSW (Packham et al. 2006). The the Cuga Burga Volcanics are also characteristic of most distinctive features of the upper Silurian coral late Přidoli faunas and useful for age determination. faunas are the dramatic decline to disappearance of They both have a stratigraphic range constrained halysitids and the appearance of several rugose coral to the Přidoli and Lochkovian (Corriga et al. 2009; species including Yassia enormis (Etheridge, 1913), Corradini and Corriga 2012; Peavey 2013; Zhen et al. Toquimaphyllum spongophylloides (Foerste, 1888), 2017). Particularly the former, Lanea? Planilingua, T.? shearsbii (Chapman, 1925), Idiophyllum patulum is restricted to a stratigraphical interval from the (Foerste, 1888), Zelolasma? praecox (Hill, 1940), uppermost Přidoli to middle Lochkovian, recorded and Palaeocyathus australis Foerste, 1888 (see in North America (Peavey 2013), Europe (Murphy Strusz 1995, fi g. 3) and a number of tabulate corals and Valenzuela-Rios, 1999; Drygant and Szaniawski (see Munson et al. 2001, fi gs 4-8). 2012; Slavík et al. 2012; Corriga et al. 2014), and The fi ve rugose coral species in the Cuga in the Camelford Limestone (Farrell 2004a) and the Burga Volcanics samples, Aphyllum lonsdalei, Amphitheatre Group (Zhen et al. 2017) of NSW. Aphyllum pachystele, Cystiphyllum sp., Tryplasma However, lack of icriodontids and other defi nite derrengullenense, and Entelophyllum patulum Devonian forms (e.g. Lanea and Ancyrodelloides) yassense?, have been widely reported from the upper in the current fauna together with the co-occurrence Wenlock and upper Silurian in New South Wales and of Delotaxis detorta?, Lanea? planilingua and Queensland. The type material of Aphyllum lonsdalei Zieglerodina remscheidensis supports a latest Silurian is from Hatton’s Corner near Yass, and it has also (late Přidoli) age for the fauna documented herein. been reported from the various localities in the Yass, A conodont fauna of Přidoli age was reported Bowning, Jenolan, Wellington and Molong areas from the Barnby Hills Shale (Farrell 2006) and (Etheridge 1907; Hill 1940; Strusz 1961; Pickett the basal part of the Camelford Limestone (Farrell 2010) in central NSW. It has also been reported from 2001, 2004a, 2004b, 2006), which directly beneath reworked clasts in the Sharpeningstone Conglomerate the Cuga Burga Volcanics in the study area, south (Lochkovian) in the Burrinjuck area of southeastern of Wellington. Farrell (2006) interpreted isolated NSW (Percival and Zhen 2017). The type specimens of limestone outcrops that yielded the Přidoli conodont Entelophyllum patulum yassense are from the Ludlow fauna as mostly likely “grounded” remnants of the of the Yass area (Jones 1936; Hill 1940; McLean Camelford Limestone along the fault line. 1976; Strusz and Munson 1997; Pickett 2010, p. 98), and it has also been reported from the upper Silurian of north Queensland (Ludlow, see Munson and Jell CORAL FAUNAS AND THEIR AGE 2016) and possibly Inner Mongolia (Guo 1978). The type material of Tryplasma derrengullenense is from Four coral assemblages were recognized in the the upper Silurian exposed near Limestone Creek at Silurian System in Australia, mainly based on studies Bowning in central NSW, and it has also been reported from NSW (Strusz 1989, 1995; Strusz and Munson from the Cuga Burga Volcanics (Strusz 1961) in 1997; Munson et al. 2001). The upper Silurian central western NSW and the Wenlock to Ludlow of (Ludlow and probably Přidoli) coral faunas referred the Broken River Province in north Queensland (Hill to as the Hatton’s Corner Assemblage were reported et al. 1969; Munson and Jell 2016). Both Aphyllum from the Hattons Corner Group at Yass, the upper pachystele and Cystiphyllum sp. were previously Yarrangobilly Limestone, Cooleman Limestone, only recorded from the Jack Formation of the Broken and Quidong Limestone of southern NSW, and the River Province with the former, Aphyllum pachystele,

272 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN extending from upmost Wenlock to Ludfordian and Phylum COELENTERATA Frey and Leuckart, 1847 the latter restricted to the Ludfordian (Munson and Subphylum CNIDARIA Hatschek, 1888 Jell 2016, fi g. 4). Class ANTHOZA Ehrenberg, 1834 Among the six species of tabulate corals occurring Subclass RUGOSA Milne-Edwards and Haime, in the current samples from the Cuga Burga Volcanics, 1850 only Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards and Family TRYPLASMATIDAE Etheridge, 1907 Haime, 1851) is identifi ed to species level. It was Genus Aphyllum Soshkina, 1937 widely distributed in the late Silurian and has been reported from Baltica (Gotland and eastern Europe), Type species Eastern Laurentia (Michigan, Tennessee) and New Aphyllum sociale Soshkina, 1937. South Wales (see Földvary 2006, fi g. 1). Discussion Hill (1981, p. F100) defi ned Aphyllum as STROMATOPOROID FAUNA including fasciculate species with lateral or peripheral and pseudoaxial increases. Aphyllum lonsdalei In Australia, stromatoporoid faunas of late (Etheridge, 1890) and Aphyllum pachystele Munson Silurian age were previously reported from the and Jell, 2016 from the upper Silurian of Australia Mirrabooka Formation (Wenlock to Ludlow), had parricidal peripheral increase. For A. pachystele, Molong Limestone (Wenlock to Ludlow), the Hume Munson and Jell (2016) reported six offsets from Limestone and Bowspring Limestone members of a parent corallite, while in A. lonsdalei Etheridge the Silverdale Formation (Ludlow), and the Elmside (1907, p. 78) recorded two offsets. In the current Formation (Přidoli to Lochkovian) in the Yass region material four offsets are observed in a parent corallite (Birkhead 1975, 1978) and from the Jack Formation (Fig. 7a). (Wenlock to Přidoli) of north Queensland (Webby and Zhen 1997). The fauna from the Jack Formation Aphyllum lonsdalei (Etheridge, 1890) is characterized by the occurrence of several Fig. 7a-l distinctive clathrodictyids including Ecclimadictyon, Plexodictyon, Schistodictyon and Simplexodictyon. Synonymy Among them, Schistodictyon with some 24 species Tryplasma lonsdalei Etheridge 1890, p. 15, pl. 1, fi gs recognized worldwide made its fi rst appearance 1-6; Etheridge, 1907, pp. 77-80, pl. 10, fi gs in the Ludlow (Nestor 2015; Webby et al. 2015). 1-3, pl. 11, fi gs 2-4, pl. 12, fi g. 1, pl. 19, fi g. Morphological relationships between Schistodictyon 4, pl. 25, fi g. 5, pl. 26, fi gs 1-7; Hill, 1940, pp. webbyi sp. nov. from Sample C1627 in the Cuga 406-407, pl. 12, fi gs 13, 14 (cum syn.); Strusz, Burga Volcanics and several previously known 1961, pp. 343-344, pl. 42, fi gs 12, 13, text-fi g. species of Schistodictyon in Australia are discussed 4; Pickett, 2010, p. 76. in the following taxonomic section. Tryplasma lonsdalei var. scalariformis Etheridge, 1907, pp. 80-81, pl. 12, fi gs 2, 3, pl. 14, fi g. 4, pl. 24, fi gs 7, 8, 8 a, pl. 25, fi gs 1-4, pl. 26, TAXONOMY OF SELECTED CORALS AND fi gs 8-10. STROMATOPOROIDS Tryplasma lonsdalei var. minor Etheridge, 1907, pp. 81-2, pl. 16, fi gs 3, 4, pl. 24, fi g. 9, pl. 25, fi gs Five rugose coral species, two tabulate coral 6, 7, pl. 26, fi g. 11. species and one new species of stromatoporoids are documented systematically in this section. Others Material including Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. heliolitoides 19 thin sections associated with conodont (Lindström, 1899) (Fig. 11c-d), Syringopora sp. samples C1591 (MMF33963a, MMF33963b, (Fig. 10a-b), Favositidae gen. et sp. indet. (Fig. MMF33979a-1, MMF33979b-1, MMF33980), 11e), Amphipora sp. (Fig. 10a-b), Clavidictyon? sp. C1627 (MMF34018a-1, MMF34019-1, MMF34024a, (Fig. 12h) and Syringostromella sp. (Fig. 12g) are MMF34024b, MMF34024c, MMF34026), and illustrated only, as the available material is either C1518 (MMF34006a, MMF34006b, MMF34006c, insuffi cient or too poorly preserved to warrant formal MMF34011a, MMF34011b, MMF3412a, taxonomic treatment. MMF34012b, MMF34012c).

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 273 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS

Diagnosis in T. lonsdalei var. scalariformis varied from 8 to Species of Aphyllum with loosely phaceloid 10 mm and reached a maximum of 15 mm. In the coralla of parricidal peripheral increase; dimeter specimens from the allochthonous limestones in the of corallites 6 mm in average with connecting Cuga Burga Volcanics, diameters of corallites (Dc) tubules; short septal spines in two orders forming a vary from 5 to 16 mm (Table 2), and are generally thin peripheral stereozone; tabulae thin, commonly larger than the types illustrated from Hatton’s Corner complete and horizontal (modifi ed from Hill 1940, p. near Yass, but are more comparable with the variety 406; Strusz 1961, p. 343). originally referred to as T. lonsdalei var. scalariformis by Etheridge (1907). Same variation in corallite sizes Description of this species was also reported from the Narragal All available specimens are cylindrical or sub- Limestone and Barnby Hills Shale (Strusz 1961) cylindrical discrete corallites with a diameter (Dc) and from the Burrawong Limestone (Zhen 2018) in varying from 5-16 mm (Table 2), more commonly 5- central western NSW. However, some specimens 10 mm; parricidal peripheral increase, with two or four in the current material are even larger in diameter offsets observed from parent corallites (Fig. 7a, h), (reaching 21 mm) and the distance between tabulae is suggesting loosely phaceloid coralla, but connecting also highly variable (Fig. 8). Considering the average tubules not observed; specimens moderately to larger size of the corallites in these specimens, they strongly recrystallized with microstructure altered are assigned to Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, and obscured; septal spines short, formed of 2016 (see discussion below). holacanths, in most specimens only just extending Aphyllum newfarmeri (Merriam, 1973) from the out of the peripheral stereozone (probably resulting Roberts Mountains Formation (Fauna C, Ludlow) from recrystallization, see Fig. 7g), whereas in better of the Great Basin, USA differs from A. lonsdalei in preserved specimens (Fig. 7a, j) two orders of septa having a smaller size of corallites (Dc 4-5 mm) and are differentiated, major septa 1-1.5 mm long (one- more widely spaced tabulae, and lacks connecting third to half of the radius), minor septa also extending tubules (Merriam 1973, 1976). out of the peripheral stereozone, about one-third as long as the major; septal spines organized in Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 2016 rows on the corallite walls; peripheral stereozone Fig. 8a-g composed of lamellar sclerenchyme tissue, 0.3-0.4 Synonymy mm in thickness; tabulae thin, complete, commonly Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 2016, pp. horizontal, or slightly concave in some specimens, 289-291, fi g. 9A-M. widely spaced, inequidistant, 0.8-4 mm apart (Table 2, Fig. 7b, e-f, h-i, k-l); dissepiments absent. Material Eleven thin sections associated with conodont Discussion samples C1600 (MMF34061a, MMF34061b, Hill (1940, p. 406) defi ned T. lonsdalei as a MMF34063a, MMF34063b), C1591 (MMF33959a- phaceloid species of Tryplasma with a mean corallite 1), C1634 (MMF34085a, MMF34085b) and dimeter (Dc) of 6 mm and with connecting tubules. C1518 (MMF34008a, MMF34008b, MMF34008c, She selected the lectotype (AM F.35512) from the MMF34008d). upper Silurian exposed at Hatton’s Corner, Yass. Considering the wide Dc variation observed among Diagnosis the specimens from the Yass-Bowning area, she treated See Munson and Jell (2016, p. 289). the two subspecies proposed by Etheridge (1907) (T. lonsdalei var. scalariformis with a mean Dc of 8 mm Description and Tryplasma lonsdalei var. minor with a Dc of 4-5 Specimens discrete cylindrical or sub-cylindrical mm) as junior synonyms. Hill (1967, 1981) restricted discrete corallites with a diameter (Dc) varying from Tryplasma to solitary species and transferred the 7-21 mm (Table 2); parricidal peripheral increase (Fig. fasciculate species that were previously referred to 8b), connecting tubules uncommon, and observed only Tryplasma into Aphyllum Soshkina 1937. Ivanovskiy in a few specimens (Fig. 8e); specimens moderately (1969) considered Tryplasma lonsdalei as a species to strongly recrystallized with microstructure altered of Rhabdacanthia, which was subsequently treated and obscured; septal spines short and numerous, as a subjective synonym of Aphyllum (see Hill 1981, composed of holacanths, and in most specimens only p. F100). These views are followed herein. Etheridge just extending out of the peripheral stereozone; the (1907, p. 80) noted that the diameter of corallites latter is composed of lamellar sclerenchyme tissue up

274 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN to 1 mm in thickness; tabulae thin, mostly complete, Diagnosis commonly horizontal to gently concave with a central Small ceratoid to turbinate Tryplasma, diameter sag in some specimens (Fig. 8d), widely spaced, 5-18 mm, with irregular rejuvenescence, a deep inequidistant, 2-9 mm apart (Table 2, Fig. 8b-e, g), calice and often trabeculae on distal surfaces of peripherally rarely supported by inclined tabellae; tabulae; rhabdacanthine septa (up to 78-86 in largest dissepiments absent. specimens) in two orders forming a prominent peripheral stereozone of variable width (0.23-2 Discussion mm); tabulae mostly complete, fl at or concave and Aphyllum pachystele differs from A. lonsdalei by commonly spaced at 8-12 per 10 mm (modifi ed having a larger size of corallites (maximum diameter from Hill 1940, p. 407 and Munson and Jell 2016, 25-30 mm), numerous septa (110-120 septa in adult) p. 287). and more widely spaced tabulae (4-5/10 mm), which are fl at or gently sagging and rarely supplemented with Description declined peripheral tabellae. The type material from External the Jack Formation (upper Wenlock to Ludfordian) of Small solitary coralla, ceratoid, trochoid or the Broken River Province in northeast Queensland turbinate, erect or slightly curved with irregular shows the distinctive parricidal increase with six rejuvenescence and with the maximum diameter in offsets, common appearance of connecting tubules adults ranging from 11 to 16 mm; lectotype (AM and rhabdacanthine septa (Munson and Jell, 2016). F.9789) is a solitary corallum with a maximum Although specimens from the Cuga Burga Volcanics diameter (Dc) of 13.14 mm and a total length of 44.10 are rather poorly preserved due to recrystallization, mm, consisting of the trochoid mother corallum with they are comparable with the types from northeast deep calice and successive daughter offsets by irregular Queensland in respect of the size of corallites and rejuvenescence with growth directions changed the general features of septa, tabulae and peripheral several times (Fig. 8h); one of the paralectotypes stereozone. (AM F.9707) is trochoid with a maximum diameter of 13.98 mm and a length of 22.43 mm with four Genus Tryplasma Lonsdale, 1845 daughter offsets developed in the calice (Fig. 8i-j); paralectoype AM F.50623 is turbinate with a wider Type species apical angle (about 70°), maximum diameter of 11.15 Tryplasma aequabile Lonsdale, 1845. mm and length of 11.19 mm (Fig. 8k); two topotype specimens illustrated by Hill (1940, pl. 12, fi g. 16), Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, 1907 both ceratoid; one (AM F.9793) with a maximum Figs 8h-r, 9a-b diameter of 12.74 mm and a measured length of 28.07 Synonymy mm and with irregular rejuvenescence, outer surface Tryplasma derrengullenensis Etheridge, 1907, pp. 88, of corallum wall showing longitudinal double ridges pl. 22, fi gs 5-8.. (Fig. 8n); and the other (AM F.9794) is oval in cross Tryplasma derrengullenensis? Etheridge; Strusz, section, with a maximum diameter of 13.60x15.61 1961, pp. 345-346, pl.42, fi g. 14, pl. 43, fi g. mm and a preserved length of 27.11 mm (Fig. 8o-q). 12. Internal Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge; Munson and Septa in two orders consisting of large Jell, 2016, pp. 287-288, fi g. 6A-F. rhabdacanthine trabeculae; major septa reaching up to 3 mm long and varying from specimen to specimen, Material and only slightly longer and wider than minor, in Lectotype (AM F.9789, FT.15449, FT.15450), the lectotype estimated to number 72 (specimen paralectotypes (AM F.9707, AM F.50623), and incomplete, Fig. 8l); trabeculae directed upwards topotypes (AM F.9793 and AM F.9794 illustrated by and inwards at an angle approximately 30° from the Hill 1940; and FT.15451 newly prepared from AM horizontal (Fig. 8m), and distally discontinuous in F.9794) from the upper Silurian exposed in the vicinity transverse sections (Fig. 8l, p); septa forming a thin of Limestone Creek (more precisely in Derrengullen peripheral stereozone 0.25 mm wide, whereas in Creek just above its confl uence with Limestone topotype specimen AM F.9794 (Fig. 8o-p), 80 septa Creek) near Bowning, west of Yass, NSW. One form a thicker peripheral stereozone 1-1.5 mm wide specimen fi gured herein associated with conodont (Dc= 13.60x15.61 mm); tabulae mostly complete, sample C1627 (MMF34020a, MMF34020b-1). rarely irregularly concave or convex, and variably

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 275 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS spaced, in the lectotype at 7-8 per 10 mm (Fig. 8m), Type species while in topotype specimen AM F.9793 (tangential Cystiphyllum siluriense Lonsdale, 1839. section, Fig. 8n), spaced at 12 per 10 mm in the middle of the specimen, but more closely spaced in Cystiphyllum sp. the initial part of the corallum (21-25 per 10 mm); Fig. 9e-h short trabeculae as tooth-like spines often borne on the upper surface of tabulae (Fig. 8m). In both Synonymy sectioned specimens (AM F.9789, and AM F.9794), Cystiphyllum? (Cystiphyllum) sp.; Munson and thin epitheca only partially preserved as dark compact Jell, 2016, pp. 292-293, fi g. 10A-B. tissue (Fig. 8q). Material Discussion Four specimens associated with conodont Etheridge (1907) illustrated drawings of three samples C1591 (MMF33960a-3) and C1518 specimens collected by A.J. Shearsby in 1904 from (MMF34008b, MMF34010a, MMF34010b, Limestone Creek, near Bowning in the Yass area, MMF34012b-2, MMF34012c-2). NSW. Recently Strusz (pers. comm., 2018) visited the type area of this species, and from comparison of the Description lithology and silicifi ed preservation he believed that Three fragmentary specimens suggesting the type locality was in the Derrengullen Creek just subcylindrical solitary coralla, with a diameter of 14- above its confl uence with Limestone Creek, between 17 mm; thin peripheral stereozone of sclerenchyme Yass and Bowning. Hill (1940) designated one of the 0.5-1 mm in thickness within which are confi ned syntypes as the lectotype (AM F.9789), and defi ned very weakly developed septal spines (Fig. 9e, g), the species based on two topotype specimens (Hill septal crusts absent; in transverse lumen fi lled by 1940, p. 407, pl. 12, fi g. 16) represented by a polished concentrically-arranged vesicular plates, larger in the transverse section (AM F.9793) and a polished centre and smaller near the periphery; in longitudinal tangential section (AM F.9794). In this study, two thin sections (Fig. 9f, h), dissepimentarium narrow, sections (a TS, FT.15449, and a LS, FT.15450) have consisting of one or two rows of adaxially inclined, been prepared from the lectotype (Fig. 8l-m), and a hemispherical to slightly elongated dissepiments; transverse thin section (FT.15451 prepared from AM tabularium wide, about two-thirds of corallum radius, F.9794, Fig. 8p) has also been prepared from one of consisting of incomplete tabulae with a horizontally the topotypes illustrated by Hill (1940). The revised fl oored and convex axial series, often supplemented diagnosis and description of this species provided with inclined peri-plates, tabellae spaced at 8-12 per herein are based on the study of these fi ve specimens 10 mm vertically. including three originally illustrated by Etheridge (1907) and two by Hill (1940). Discussion The only specimen (Fig. 9a-b) available from the Specimens from the Cuga Burga Volcanics are Cuga Burga Volcanics samples is a solitary trochoid comparable with that described by Munson and Jell corallum 18 mm in diameter, with two orders of (2016) from the upper Jack Formation (Ludlow) of short septa consisting of rhabdacanthine trabeculae the Broken River Province, north Queensland, but the directed upwards and inwards at about 30° from the latter is a corallum of a smaller size (12 mm Dc) and horizontal shown in the longitudinal section (Fig. 9a), less complete tabularium with more convex central and mostly complete tabulae spaced 1-3 mm apart. tabellae. In comparison with the types, it is relatively larger in size, but falls within the defi nition of Tryplasma Family ENTELOPHYLLIDAE Hill, 1940 derrengullenense that was recently given by Munson Genus Entelophyllum Wedekind, 1927 and Jell (2016, p. 287, fi g. 7). Distinction from other Australian species of Tryplasma, such as T. columnare Type species Etheridge, 1907 with larger cylindrical corallites, has Madreporites articulatus Wahlenberg, 1821. been discussed by Munson and Jell (2016).

Family CYSTIPHYLLIDAE Milne-Edwards and Entelophyllum patulum yassense? (Etheridge, 1892) Haime, 1850 Fig. 9c-d Genus Cystiphyllum Lonsdale, 1839

276 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN

Synonymy on the surface of the coralla; mural pores common, Heliophyllum yassense Etheridge, 1892, p. 0.1-0.2 mm wide; tabulae thin and complete, 170, pl. 11, fi g. 8, pl. 12, fi gs 1-3. horizontal or slightly concave, 0.8-2 mm apart Entelophyllum yassense (Etheridge); Hill, (commonly 1.5 mm); no septal spines. 1940, p. 412, pl. 13, fi gs 11-12. Entelophyllum patulum yassense (Etheridge); Discussion Munson and Jell, 2016, pp. 303-306, fi gs 10C- Striatopora sp. A is characterized by having thin E, 16A-F (cum syn.). corallite walls in the axial region of the coralla and a thickened stereozone of 0.5-2 mm wide on the surface Material of the coralla. Two specimens associated with conodont samples C1627 (MMF34020b-2, MMF34020c) and Striatopora sp. B C1591 (MMF33975a, MMF33975b). Fig. 10c-e

Discussion Material Only two fragmentary specimens are available. Fifteen thin sections associated with conodont The fi gured specimen (Fig. 9c-d) has a diameter of samples C1591 (MMF33959a-2, MMF33959b, 17 mm with two orders of septa that are dilated with MMF33959c, MMF33960a-1, MMF33960a- prominent carinae in the wide dissepimentarium 2, MMF33960a, MMF33962a, MMF33962b, consisting of small globose dissepiments and a MMF33975, MMF33978, MMF33979a- tabularium consisting of incomplete tabellae. It is 2, MMF33979b-2), C1600 (MMF34062a-2, comparable with Entelophyllum patulum yassense, MMF34062b-2) and C1518 (MMF34007a, widely reported from the upper Silurian of eastern MMF34007b). Australia (Etheridge 1892; Hill 1940; Munson and Jell 2016). However, due to only incomplete transverse Description sections and an oblique longitudinal section being Coralla ramose, preserved as cylindrical available, this assignment is regarded as tentative. branches 4-8 mm in diameter; corallites curving away from axial longitudinal direction and opening Subclass TABULATA Milne-Edwards and Haime, obliquely to surface at an angle of about 30°; 1850 corallites polygonal in transverse sections, adult Family PACHYPORIDAE Gerth, 1921 corallites 0.8-1 mm in diameter in axial region Genus Striatopora Hall, 1851 and up to 1.8 mm on the surface; thin compact walls thickened on both sides in the axial region Type species with secondary lamellar tissue to form a thick wall Striatopora fl exuosa Hall, 1851. 0.2 mm wide in transverse sections, thickening gradually and more strongly towards surface of Striatopora sp. A coralla (Fig. 10c-e); mural pores common, about Fig. 10a-b 0.1mm wide; tabulae thin, complete and horizontal, 0.5-1.5 mm apart (typically spaced 7-8 in 5 mm); no Material septal spines. Four thin sections associated with conodont samples C1591 (MMF33976, MMF33977) and Discussion C1627 (MMF34023a, MMF34023b). Striatopora sp. B differs from Striatopora sp. A by having thickened corallite walls in the axial region, Description corallites extending obliquely from axis to the surface Coralla ramose, preserved as cylindrical of coralla, and closer spaced tabulae. branches 7-10 mm in diameter; corallites curving away from axial longitudinal direction and opening Family PSEUDOPLASMOPORIDAE Bondarenko, perpendicular to surface, with thin walls of compact 1963 tissue in the axial region and strong thickening Genus Pseudoplasmopora Bondarenko, 1963 peripherally to form a stereozone 0.5-2 mm wide in longitudinal sections (Fig. 10a-b); stereozone Type species consisting of fi ne lamellar tissue; corallites Pseudoplasmopora conspecta Bondarenko, polygonal in transverse sections, adult corallites 1- 1963. 1.4 mm in diameter in axial region and 1.5-1.8 mm

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 277 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS

Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards and Schistodictyon webbyi sp. nov. Haime, 1851) Fig. 12a-f Fig. 11a-b Synonymy Material Plasmopora follis Milne-Edwards and Haime, Three specimens associated with conodont 1851, p. 223, pl. 16, fi gs. 3, 3a. sample C1627 including holotype (MMF34017a, Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards MMF34017b), and two unfi gured paratypes and Haime); Földvary, 2006, p. 180, fi gs 4A- (MMF34022a, MMF34022b, MMF34027). F, 8E-F (cum syn.). Derivation of name Material In honour of Dr Barry Webby, who has made One specimen associated with conodont sample an outstanding contribution to the study of the C1634 (MMF34088a, MMF34088b, MMF34088c). Palaeozoic stromatoporoids.

Diagnosis Diagnosis See Földvary (2006, p. 180). A species of Schistodictyon with closely spaced pillars (9-11 per 2 mm) that expand upward in Y- Discussion shapes and form a regular network immediately The only specimen is poorly preserved with beneath thin and widely-spaced laminae (6-7 per 2 tabularia averaging 1 mm in diameter and spaced mm). 21-25 per cm² in transverse sections and in the longitudinal section 11-12 tabulae in 5 mm. It is Description identical with those documented from the Přidoli Skeleton domical and massive with unknown rocks in the Trundle region of central NSW (Földvary, external dimensions; neither mamelons nor 2006) and from the Perry Creek Formation of astrorhizae observed; microstructure obscured by northern Queensland (Hill et al. 1969), except that in recrystallization. the current specimen spacing of the tabularia is rather Pillars confi ned to single interlaminar spaces variable and less closely spaced. (not superposed) in vertical sections, column-like Two other specimens represented only by in the lower part, extending upward into a Y-shaped transverse sections (MMF34018a, MMF34021a) funnel structure, closely spaced with gallery width from C1627 and a poorly preserved specimen from narrower than gallery height, 9-11 pillars per 2 mm C1632 (longitudinal section, MMF34028) have (Fig. 12c-d, f). In tangential sections, basal part of a larger diameter of tabularia (1.5-2 mm), well- the pillars appearing as discrete rounded dots (0.035- developed septal spines and more widely spaced 0.045 mm in diameter), upper part as irregular bars tabularia (7-9/cm²). Septal spines are variable in or vermiform, at the top forming a regular network length and thickened towards the base. They show joining tops of surrounding pillars (Fig. 12a-b, e); some resemblance to P. heliolitoides (Lindström, discrete ring pillars rare (Fig. 12a-b). 1899) and are herein assigned to Pseudoplasmopora Laminae continuous, gently undulating and sp. cf. P. heliolitoides (Fig. 11c-d). rarely broken up by small pores in vertical sections, thin, compact and thickened by expanded tops of pillars, thickness varying from 0.07 to 0.08 mm, Phylum PORIFERA Grant, 1836 irregularly spaced 0.2-0.5 mm (average 0.3 mm) Class STROMATOPOROIDEA Nicholson and apart, typically 6-7 laminae per 2 mm; dissepiments Murie, 1878 common, variable in size, gently domed upward, thin Order CLATHRODICTYIDA Bogoyavlenskaya, and compact. 1969 Family ANOSTYLOSTROMATIDAE Nestor, 2011 Discussion Genus Schistodictyon Lessovaya in Lessovaya and As discussed by Webby and Zhen (1997, p. Zakharova, 1970 31), Schistodictyon differs from Anostylostroma Parks, 1936 mainly by having expanded top parts Type species of the pillars, which show as ring pillars or regular Schistodictyon posterium Lessovaya in network in tangential sections. In the new species, Lessovaya and Zakharova, 1970. pillars are funnel-shaped at the top, joining together

278 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN to form a regular network immediately underneath volcanic eruptions. Active volcanism probably the laminae (Fig. 12a-b, e), but isolated ring pillars also trigged gravitational collapse of the sea-fl oor are rare in tangential sections (Fig. 12a). It can be scarps and/or hard grounds formed by older rocks easily differentiated from Schistodictyon jackense (topographic features inherited from uplift during the Webby and Zhen, 1997 from the middle part of Benambran Orogeny or caused by syndepositional the Jack Formation (Ludlow) of the Broken River listric faulting). The collapsed material was then Province, North Queensland, and Schistodictyon redeposited in surrounding submarine volcanic conjugatum Lesovaya, 1970 reported from the pedestals and associated sedimentary packages now Hume Limestone Member (Birkhead 1975) and the referred to as the Cuga Burga Volcanics. Bowspring Limestone Member (Birkhead 1978) of the Silverdale Formation (Ludlow) of the Yass ACKNOWLEDGMENTS district, central NSW, by pillars forming a regular network immediately beneath laminae and by the The late Dr Günther Bischoff (previously with rare occurrence of isolated ring pillars in tangential Macquarie University) is acknowledged for collecting and sections. It also has wider interlaminar spaces (7-10/2 processing the sample (A87) that yielded the Late Ordovician mm in S. jackense and 9-10/2 mm in S. conjugatum). fauna. Scanning electron microscope photographs were Furthermore, multiple splitting of the pillars at the prepared in the Electron Microscope Unit at Macquarie top is common in both S. jackense and S. conjugatum, University. Dr Michael Bruce prepared some of the coral but is lacking in the new species. Schistodictyon? thin sections, and David Barnes assisted with photography cylindriferum (Ripper, 1933) from the Lilydale of corals and stromatoporoids. Drs Matthew McCurry and Patrick Smith of the Australian Museum facilitated the loan Limestone (Pragian) of Victoria has more closely of the type specimens of Tryplasma derrengullenense. Drs spaced laminae (9-12 per 2 mm) and well-developed Ian Percival and Des Strusz are thanked for their careful large astrorhizal canals (Webby et al. 1993). and constructive reviews of the manuscript. The author publishes with permission of the Executive Director, Geological Survey of New South Wales. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES The allochthonous limestone clasts in the Cuga Burga Volcanics were apparently derived from An, T.X., Zhang, A.T. and Xu, J.M., (1985). Ordovician various sources ranging from the Upper Ordovician conodonts from Yaoxian and Fuping, Shaanxi to uppermost Silurian or possibly lowest Devonian. Province, and their stratigraphic signifi cance. Acta The Late Ordovician limestone clast (comparable Geologica Sinica 59, 97–108. (in Chinese with to those from the Barnby Hills Shale) may have English abstract) originated from the Bowan Park Limestone Subgroup Birkhead, P.K. (1975). Silurian stromatoporoids from or its correlatives in the area, while the late Silurian Cheesemans Creek, with a survey of some limestone clasts that produced conodonts, corals stromatoporoids from the Hume Limestone Member, and stromatoporoids documented herein were likely Yass, New South Wales. Records of the Geological to have come from the Camelford Limestone that Survey of New South Wales 17 (2), 87–122. Birkhead, P.K. (1978). Some stromatoporoids from the directly underlies the Cuga Burga Volcanics. Bowspring Limestone Member (Ludlovian) and The Cuga Burga Volcanics accumulated rapidly Elmside Formation (Gedinnian), Yass area, New during a relative short time interval (confi ned to the South Wales. Records of the Geological Survey of Lochkovian Stage), locally reaching a thickness of New South Wales 18 (2), 155–168. about 1300 m. Strong variation in thickness within Bischoff, G.C.O. (1981). Cobcrephora n. g., representative a short distance and diachronous relationships of a new Polyplacophoran order phosphatoloricata, with underlying and overlying stratigraphic units with calciumphosphatic shells. Senckenbergiana demonstrate that the Volcanics were developed Lethaea 61 (3/6), 173-215 primarily in relatively deeper water as an assembly Bischoff, G.C.O. and Sannemann, D. (1958). Unterdevonische Conodonten aus dem Frankenwald. of sedimentary packages (or pedestals) associated Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamtes für with volcanic centres scattered on the Cowra Trough, Bodenforschung zu Wiesbaden 86, 87–110. Molong Arch and Hill End Trough during the middle Bogoyavlenskaya, O.V. (1969). K postroeniya klassifi catsii Lochkovian (Meakin and Morgan 1999, fi g. 9). stromatoporoidei [On constructing the classifi cation The disparate ages of these Ordovician and of the Stromatoporoidea]. Paleontologicheskii Silurian limestone clasts support the view that they Zhurnal 1969 (4), 12–27. were ripped up from underlying strata by the local

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Boogaard, V.D. (1983). Conodont faunas from Portugal Drygant, D. and Szaniawski, H. (2012). Lochkovian and southwestern Spain. Part 7. A Frasnian conodont conodonts from Podolia, Ukraine, and their fauna near the Estação de Cabrela (Portugal). Scripta stratigraphic signifi cance. Acta Palaeontologica Geologica 69, 1–17. Polonica 57 (4), 833–861. Branson, E.B. and Mehl, M.G. (1933). Conodont studies Ehrenberg, C.G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen No. 1: Conodonts from the Harding Sandstone Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen of Colorado; Bainbridge (Silurian) of Missouri; und besonders des Rothen Meeres, nebst einem Jefferson City (Lower Ordovician) of Missouri. Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik University of Missouri Studies 8 (1), 5–72. derselben. Physiologische Abhandlungen der Bunny, M.R. (1962). The geology of the Parishes of Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaft, Berlin Nanima, Wellington and Galwadgere, Wellington, (1832), p. 225–380. NSW. B.Sc. 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Földvary, G.Z. (2000). Siluro-Devonian invertebrate Ivanovskiy, A.B. (1969). Korally semeystv Tryplasmatidae faunas from the Bogan Gate-Trundle-Mineral Hill i Cyathophylloididae (rugozy). 112 pp., area of central New South Wales. Records of the Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe otdelenie, Western Australian Museum (Supplement) 58, Instituta geologii i geofi ziki, Nauka (Moscow) (in 81–102. Russian). Földvary, G.Z. (2006). Pseudoplasmopora (Cnidaria, Jeppsson, L. (1974). Aspects of Late Silurian conodonts. Tabulata) in the Siluro-Devonian of eastern Fossils and Strata 6, 1–54. Australia with comments on its global Jeppsson, L. (1988). Conodont biostratigraphy of the biogeography. Proceedings of the Linnean Society Silurian-Devonian boundary stratotype at Klonk, of New South Wales 127, 175-189. Czechoslovakia. Geologica et Palaeontologica 22, Foerste, A.F. (1888). Notes on Palaeozoic fossils. Bulletin 21–31. of the scientifi c laboratories of Denison University Jones, O.A. (1932). A revision of the Australian 3, 117–136. species of the coral genera Spongophyllum E. Frey, H. and Leuckart, C.G.F.R. (1847). Beiträge zur & H. and Endophyllum E. & H. with a note on Kenntniss wirbelloser Thiere mit besonderer Aphrophyllum Smith. Proceedings of the Royal Berücksichtigung der Fauna des Norddeutschen Society of Queensland 44, 50–63. Meeres. viii+170p., 2pls, Verlag von Friedrich Jones, O.A. (1936). The controlling effect of the Vieweg und Sohn (Braunschweig). environment upon the corallum in Favosites; with Gerth, H. (1921). Die Anthozoën der Dyas von Timor. a revision of some massive species on this basis. Paläontologie von Timor 9 (16), 65–147. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Series Guo, S.Z. (1978). Late Silurian tetracorals from northern 10) 17, 1–24. Beilingmiao of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Jones, O.A. (1937). The Australian massive species of the Region. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and coral genus Favosites. Records of the Australian Palaeontology 6, 50–68. Museum 20, 79–102. Grant, R.E. (1836). Animal Kingdom. Pp. 107-118. In Jones, O.A. (1944). Tabulata and Heliolitida from the R.B. Todd (ed.), The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Wellington district, New South Wales. Journal and Physiology. Volume 1. (Sherwood, Gilbert, and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Piper: London): 1–813. Wales 77, 33–39. Hall, J. (1851). New genera of fossil corals from the report Kemežys, K.J. (1959). Geology around Bakers Swamp. by James Hall, on the palaeontology of New B.Sc. Hons thesis, University of Sydney York. American Journal of Science, Series 2 11, (unpublished). 398–401. Lesovaya, A.I. and Zakharova, V.M. (1970). Novye Hatschek, B. (1888–1891). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, eine stromatoporoidei iz verkhnego silura morphologische Übersicht des Thierreiches zur Turkestanskogo khrebta. Paleontologicheskii Einführung in das Studium dieser Wissenschaft: Zhurnal 1970 (2), 41–51. Lief. 1–3, iv + 432p., 407 text-fi g., Gustav Fischer Lindström, G. (1899). Remarks on the Heliolitidae. (Jena). Handlingar Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Hill, D. (1940). The Silurian Rugosa of the Yass-Bowning Akademiens 32 (1), 1–140. district, N.S.W. Proceedings of the Linnean Lonsdale, Wm. (1839). Corals, graptolites, and Society of New South Wales 65 (3-4), 388–420. nondescripts. In R.I. Murchison, The Silurian Hill, D. (1954). Coral faunas from the Silurian of New System, part I, II, pp. 675-698, pl. 15, 15 bis, 16, South Wales and the Devonian of Western 16 bis, John Murray (London). Australia. Bulletin of the Australian Bureau of Lonsdale, Wm. (1845). Description of some characteristic Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics 23, Paleozoic corals of Russia. In R.I. Murchison, 6–61. E.de Verneuil and A. von Keyserling, The Geology Hill, D. (1967). The sequence and distribution of of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains, vol. Ludlovian, Lower Devonian, and Couvinian coral 1, pp. 591–634, John Murray (London). faunas in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Mawson, R. and Talent, J.A. (2000). The Devonian of Palaeontology 10 (4), 660–693. eastern Australia: stratigraphic alignments, stage Hill, D. (1981). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, and series boundaries, and the transgression Part F, Coelenterata, supplement I, Rugosa - regression pattern re-considered. Courier and Tabulata (R.C. Moore, ed.). Vols 1-2. The Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 225, 243–270. Geological Society of America, Inc. and the Mawson, R., Talent, I.A., Bear, V.C., Benson, D.S., University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado, and Brock, G.A., Farrell, l.R., Hyland, K.A., Pyemont, Lawrence, Kansas. B.D., Sloan, T.R., Sorentino, L., Stewart, M.L, Hill, D., Playford, G. and Woods, J.T. (Eds) (1969). Trotter, JA, Wilson, G.A. and Simpson, A.J. Ordovician and Silurian fossils of Queensland. (1988). Conodont data in relation to resolution Queensland Palaeontographical Society, Brisbane. of stage and zonal boundaries for the Devonian

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of Australia. Canadian Society of Petroleum Society of America, Inc. and the University of Geologists Memoir 14 (3), 485–527. Kansas, Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas. Meakin, N.S. and Morgan, E.J. (compilers) (1999). Dubbo Nicholson, H.E. and Murie, J. (1878). On the minute 1:250,000 Geological Sheet SI/55-4, 2nd edition. structure of Stromatopora and its allies. Journal Explanatory Notes. Geological Survey of New of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 14, South Wales, xvi +504 pp. 187–246. McLean, R.A. (1974). Chonophyllinid corals from the Packham, G.H. (ed.) (1969). The Geology of New Silurian of New South Wales. Palaeontology 17, South Wales. Journal of the Geological Society of 655–668. Australia 16 (1), 1–654. McLean, R.A. (1975). Silurian rugose corals from Packham, G.H., Percival, I.G., Rickards, R.B. and Wright, the Mumbil area, central New South Wales. A.J. (2001). Late Silurian and Early Devonian Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South biostratigraphy in the Hill End Trough and the Wales 99, 181–196. Limekilns area, New South Wales. Alcheringa 25, McLean, R.A. (1976). Aspects of the Silurian rugose 251–261. coral fauna of the Yass region, New South Wales. Packham, G.H., Philip, G.M. and Hubble, T.C.T. (2006). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Late Silurian or Early Devonian corals from the Wales 100, 179–194. continental slope off southern New South Wales. Merriam, C.W. (1973). Silurian rugose corals of the Alcheringa 30, 33–42. central and southwest Great Basin. Geological Parks, W.A. (1936). Devonian stromatoporoids of North Survey Professional Paper 777, 1–66, pls 1–16. America, Part 1. University of Toronto Studies Merriam, C.W. (1976). The Roberts Mountains Formation, Geological Series 39, 1–125. a regional stratigraphic study with emphasis on Peavey, F.N.R. (2013). Review, Revision, and rugose coral distribution. Geological Survey Paleobiogeography of Ludlow (Silurian) to Professional Paper 973, 1–51, pls 1–12. Lochkovian (Devonian) Spathognathodontid Milne-Edwards, H. and Haime, J. (1850–1855). A Conodont Taxa. Ph.D. thesis (Geosciences), Texas monograph of the British fossil corals: p. 1–299, Tech University, Texas (unpublished). pls 1–72. Palaeontographical Society Monograph Percival, I.G. (1998). Palaeontological age-dating of (London). the Cuga Burga Volcanics, Garra Limestone, and Morton, D.J. (1974). A palaeoenvironmental analysis of correlative formations. Geological Survey of New the Cuga Burga Volcanics near Wellington, NSW. South Wales, Report GS1998/347 (unpublished). B.A. Hons (Earth Science) thesis, Macquarie Percival, I.G. and Zhen, Y.Y. (2017). Précis of Palaeozoic University, Sydney (unpublished). Palaeontology in the Southern Tablelands Region Morton, D.J. (1976). The Cuga Burga Volcanics – a of New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Lower Devonian volcanic pile. The Bulletin of the Society of New South Wales 139, 9–56. Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 7 Philip, G.M. (1965). Lower Devonian conodonts from the (1), 22–22. Tyers area, Gippsland, Victoria. Proceedings of the Moskalenko, T.A. (1973). Conodonts of the Middle Royal Society of Victoria 79, 95–117. and Upper Ordovician on the Siberian Platform. Pickett, J.W. (2010). Fossil corals of Australia, New Akadamiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Zealand, New Guinea and Antarctica: bibliography Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofi ziki 137, 1–143. (in and index. Memoirs of the Association of Russian). Australasian Palaeontologists 40, 1–189. Munson, T.J., Pickett, J.W. and Strusz, D.L. (2001). Rickards, R.B., Farrell, J.R., Wright, A.J. and Morgan, E.J. Biostratigraphic review of the Silurian tabulate (2005). Silurian graptolites from the Barnby Hills corals and chaetetids of Australia. Historical Biology Shale and Hanover Formation, New South Wales. 15 (1-2), 41–60. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Munson, T.J. and Jell, J.S. (2016). Wenlock and Ludlow Wales 126, 153–169. (Silurian) rugose corals from the type section of the Ripper, E.A. (1933). The stromatoporoids of the Lilydale Jack Formation, Broken River Province, northeast Limestone. Part I. Actinostroma and Clathrodictyon. Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 45, – Nature 59, 273–320. 152–164. Murphy, M.A. and Valenzuela-Ríos, J.I. (1999). Lanea Sherwin, L. (1971). Stratigraphy of the Cheesemans Creek new genus, lineage of Early Devonian conodonts. district, New South Wales. Geological Survey of Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 37, New South Wales, Records 13, 199–237. 321–334. Slavík, L., Carls, P., Hladil, J. and Koptíková, L. (2012). Nestor, H.A. (2011). Part E, Revised, Volume 4, Chapter Subdivision of the Lochkovian Stage based on 16C: Clathrodictyida. Treatise Online 26, 1–15. conodont faunas from the stratotype area (Prague Nestor, H.A. (2015). Clathrodictyida: Systematic Synform, Czech Republic). Geological Journal 47 descriptions. In B.D. Webby (coordinating author), (6), 616–631. Treatise Part E, Porifera, Revised Hypercalcifi ed Soshkina, E.D. (1937). Korally verkhnego Silura i Porifera, Volume 5, 755–768. The Geological nizhnego Devona vostochnogo i zapadnogo

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sklonov Urala [Corals of the Upper Silurian Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Porifera, Revised. and Lower Devonian of the eastern and western Hypercalcifi ed Porifera, Volume 5, 611–630. slopes of the Urals]. Trudy Paleontologischeskogo The Geological Society of America, Inc. and the Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 6 (4), 1–112 [in University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado, and Russian; English summary). Lawrence, Kansas. Strusz, D.L. (1960). The geology of the Parish of Mumbil, Wedekind, R. (1927). Die Zoantharia von Gotland near Wellington, N.S.W. Journal and Proceedings of (bes. Nordgotland). Nebst bemerkungen zur the Royal Society of New South Wales 93, 127–136. Biostratigraphie des Gotlandium. Sveriges Strusz, D.L. (1961). Lower Palaeozoic corals from New Geologiska Undersokning, series Ca 19, 1–94. South Wales. Palaeontology 4, 334–361. Wilson, G.A. (1989). Documentation of conodont Strusz, D.L. (1989). Australian Phanerozoic Timescales: assemblages across the Lochkovian-Pragian (Early 3. Silurian Biostratigraphic chart and explanatory Devonian) boundary at Wellington, central New notes. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and South Wales, Australia. Courier Forschungsinstitut Geophysics, Record 1989/33, 1–28. Senckenberg 117, 117–171. Strusz, D.L. (1995). Timescales 3 -Silurian. Australian Zhen, Y.Y. (2001). Distribution of the Late Ordovician Phanerozoic Timescales, biostratigraphic charts conodont genus Taoqupognathus in eastern and explanatory notes second series. Australian Australia and China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica Geological Survey Organisation, Record 1995/32, 40, 351–361. 1–29. Zhen, Y.Y. (2018). Fossil fauna and inferred age of Strusz, D.L. and Munson, T.J. (1997). Coral assemblages limestones displayed in the Chinese Garden in the Silurian of Eastern Australia, a rugosan of Friendship at Darling Harbour, Sydney. perspective. In Proceedings of the 7th International Geological Survey of New South Wales, Report Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria including GS2018/0629. (unpublished). Archaeocyatha and Spongiomorphs, Madrid, Zhen, Y.Y. and Webby, B.D. (1995). Upper Ordovician Spain, September 12th-15th, 1995, edited by A conodonts from the Cliefden Caves Limestone Perejón and M. J. Comas-Rengifo. Boletin de Group, central New South Wales, Australia. la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 182, (Sección Geológica) 92, 311–323. 265–305. Sweet, W.C. (1979). Late Ordovician conodonts and Zhen, Y.Y. and Percival, I.G. (2017). Late Ordovician biostratigraphy of the western Midcontinent conodont biozonation of Australia – current Province. Brigham Young University Geology status and regional biostratigraphic correlations. Studies 26, 45–86. Alcheringa 41 (3), 285–305. Talent, J.A. and Mawson, R. (1999). Eastern Molong Zhen, Y.Y., Webby, B.D. and Barnes, C.R. (1999). Upper Platform and adjacent Hill End Trough, New Ordovician conodonts from the Bowan Park South Wales: Mid-Palaeozoic conodont data, age- succession, central New South Wales, Australia. inferences, and implications regarding platform Geobios 32, 73–104. exposure and carbonate sedimentation offshore. Zhen, Y. Y., Percival, I.G. and Farrell, J. (2003). Late Abhandlungen der Geologisches Bundesanstalt, Ordovician allochthonous limestones in Late Wien 54, 49–l05. Silurian Barnby Hills Shale, central western New Vandyke, A. (1970). Geology and palaeontology of the South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society Mumbil-Dripstone area, NSW. B.Sc. Hons thesis, of New South Wales 124, 41–63. University of Sydney (unpublished). Zhen, Y.Y., Percival, I.G. and Molloy, P.D. (2015). Late Wahlenberg, G. (1821). Petrifi cata telluris Svecanae Ordovician conodonts and brachiopods from near examinata. Nova Acta regiae Societatis Greenvale in the Broken River Province, north Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8, 1–116. Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of Walliser, O.H. (1964). Conodonten des Silurs. New South Wales 137, 57–105. Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Zhen, Y.Y., Hegarty, R., Percival, I.G. and Pickett, J.W. Bodenforschung zu Wiesbaden 41, 1–106. (2017). Early Devonian conodonts from the southern Webby, B.D. and Zhen, Y.Y. (1997). Silurian Thomson Orogen and northern Lachlan Orogen in and Devonian clathrodictyids and other north-western New South Wales. Proceedings of the stromatoporoids from the Broken River region, Linnean Society of New South Wales 139, 69–83. north Queensland. Alcheringa 21, 1–56. Ziegler, W. (1960). Conodonten aus dem Rheinischen Webby, B.D., Stearn, C.W. and Zhen, Y.Y. (1993). Lower Unterdevon (Gedinnium) des Remscheider Sattels Devonian (Pragian-Emsian) Stromatoporoids (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Paläontologische from Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Zeitschrift 34, 169–201. Victoria 105 (2), 113–185. Webby, B.D., Stearn, C.W. and Nestor, H.A. (2015). Biostratigraphy of the Paleozoic Stromatoporoidea. In B.D. Webby (coordinating author), Treatise on

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Figure 2. Conodonts recovered from an allochthonous Late Ordovician limestone clast (sample A87) in the Cuga Burga Volcanics. a-g, Belodina confl uens Sweet, 1979. a, S2 (grandiform) element, MMMC5242, view of furrowed side (IY345-010); b-c, S1 (compressiform) element; b, MMMC5243, view of unfur- rowed side (IY345-011); c, MMMC5244, view of furrowed side (IY345-012); d-e, S3 (dispansiform) ele- ment; d, MMMC5245, view of furrowed side (IY345-013); e, MMMC5246, view of unfurrowed side (IY345-014); f-g, M (eobelodiniform) element; f, MMMC5247, view of unfurrowed side (IY345-016), g, MMMC5248, view of furrowed side (IY345-015). h-i, Besselodus fusus Zhen in Zhen et al., 2015. Sb element, MMMC5249, h, outer-lateral view (IY346-010), i, enlargement showing striation along out- er-lateral margin (IY346-011). j-n, Chirognathus cliefdenensis Zhen and Webby, 1995. j, Sb element, MMMC5250, posterior view (IY346-013); k, M element, MMMC5251, posterior view (IY346-004); l, Sc element, MMMC5252, inner-lateral view (IY346-005); m, Pa element, MMMC5253, inner-lateral view (IY345-017); n, Sc element, MMMC5254, inner-lateral view (IY346-003). o-p, Drepanoistodus suberectus (Branson and Mehl, 1933). o, Pa element, MMMC5255, outer-lateral view (IY346-008); p, Pb element, MMMC5256, inner-lateral view (IY346-009). q, Venoistodus sp. M element, MMMC5257, posterior view (IY345-024). Scale bar 100 μm unless otherwise indicated.

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Figure 3. Conodonts recovered from allochthonous Late Ordovician limestone clast (sample A87) in the Cuga Burga Volcanics. a-e, Periodon grandis (Ethington, 1959). a-b, M element, a, MMMC5258, ante- rior view (IY345-025); b, MMMC5259, anterior view (IY345-019); c, Pa element, MMMC5260, outer- lateral view (IY346-001); d, Sc element, MMMC5261, outer-lateral view (IY346-007); e, Sb element, MMMC5262, outer-lateral view (IY346-002). f-k, Panderodus gracilis (Branson and Mehl, 1933). f-g, similiform element; f, MMMC5263, inner-lateral view (IY345-028); g, MMMC5264, outer-lateral view (IY345-026); h-i, arcuatiform element; h, MMMC5265, inner-lateral view (IY345-031); i, MMMC5266, outer-lateral view (IY345-027); j-k, falciform element; j, MMMC5267, outer-lateral view (IY345-032); k, MMMC5268, outer-lateral view (IY345-029). l-o, Panderodus sp. Zhen, Webby and Barnes, 1999. l, MMMC5269, outer-lateral view (IY345-033); m, MMMC5270, inner-lateral view (IY346-015); n-o, MMMC5271, n, outer-lateral view (IY345-021), o, close up showing wearing of the distal cusp (IY345- 022). Scale bar 100 μm.

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Figure 4. Conodonts recovered from allochthonous Late Ordovician limestone clast (sample A87) in the Cuga Burga Volcanics. a-g, Taoqupognathus blandus An in An et al., 1985. a, P element, MMMC5272, inner-lateral view (IY345-003); b-c, M-2 element; b, MMMC5273, inner-lateral view (IY345-009); c, MMMC5274, outer-lateral view (IY345-008); d-e, Sc-5 element; d, MMMC5275, inner-lateral view (IY345-005); e, MMMC5276, outer-lateral view (IY345-004); f-g, Sc-3 element; f, MMMC5277, out- er-lateral view (IY345-006); g, MMMC5278, inner-lateral view (IY345-007). h, Pseudooneotodus mi- tratus (Moskalenko, 1973). MMMC5279, upper view (IY345-023). i-j, Yaoxianognathus? tunguskaensis (Moskalenko, 1973). Sc element; i, MMMC5280, inner-lateral view (IY346-012); j, MMMC5281, inner- lateral view (IY345-001). k, Yaoxianognathus sp. cf. Y. yaoxianensis An in An et al., 1985. Sb element, MMMC5282, posterior view (IY346-006). Scale bar 100 μm.

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Figure 5. Conodonts recovered from allochthonous latest Silurian limestone clasts in the Cuga Bur- ga Volcanics. a-e, Belodella resima (Philip, 1965). a, Sa element, MMMC5283, sample C1591, lateral view (IY346-025); b-c, Sb element; b, MMMC5284, sample C1591, outer-lateral view (IY346-026); c, MMMC5285, sample C1600, inner-lateral view (IY347-010); d-e, Sc element; d, MMMC5286, sample C1600, inner-lateral view (IY347-011); e, MMMC5287, sample C1591, inn-lateral view (IY346-027). f, Belodella sp., element with minute denticles along posterior edge, MMMC5288, sample C1591, inner- lateral view (IY346-028). g, Dvorakia sp., coniform element, MMMC5289, sample C1600, inner-lateral view (IY347-012). h, Delotaxis detorta? (Walliser, 1964). Sa element, MMMC5290, sample C1607, poste- rior view (IY347-014); i, Zieglerodina remscheidensis (Ziegler, 1960). Sc element, MMMC5291, sample C1600, inner-lateral view (IY347-020). j, Pseudooneotodus sp. MMMC5292, sample C1607, upper view (IY347-017); k, Pseudooneotodus beckmanni (Bischoff and Sannemann, 1958). MMMC5293, sample C1600, upper view (IY347-018). l-n, Panderodus unicostatus (Branson and Mehl, 1933). l-m, aequaliform (ae) element; l, MMMC5294, sample C1591, lateral view (IY347-001); m, MMMC5295, sample C1591, lateral view (IY347-003); n, graciliform (qg) element, MMMC5296, sample C1591, inner-lateral view (IY347-004). Scale bar 100 μm.

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Figure 6. Conodonts recovered from allochthonous latest Silurian limestone clasts in the Cuga Burga Volcanics. a-b, Lanea? planilingua Murphy and Valenzuela-Rios, 1999. Pa element; a, MMMC5297, sam- ple C1600, upper view (IY346-022); b, MMMC5298, sample C1607, inner-lateral view (IY346-024). c-e, Wurmiella excavata (Branson and Mehl, 1933). c-d, Pa element; c, MMMC5299, sample C1591, outer- lateral view (IY346-016); d, MMMC5300, sample C1600, outer-lateral view (IY346-021); e, M element, MMMC?5301, sample C1600, posterior view (IY347-008). f-o, Zieglerodina remscheidensis (Ziegler, 1960). f-g, Pb element; f, MMMC5302, sample C1591, outer-lateral view (IY346-017); g, MMMC5303, sample C1607, inner-lateral view (IY347-013); h-j, Pa element; h, MMMC5304, sample C1591, upper view (IY346-019); i, MMMC5305, sample C1600, outer-lateral view (IY346-023); j, MMMC5306, sample C1591, outer-lateral view (IY346-018); k-l, Sa element; k, MMMC5307, sample C1600, posterior view (IY347-005); l, MMMC5308, sample C1607, anterior view (IY347-015); m, M element, MMMC5309, sample C1607, posterior view (IY347-016); n-o, Sc element; n, MMMC5310, sample C1600, inner-lateral view (IY347-006); o, MMMC5311, sample C1600, inner-lateral view (IY347-007). Scale bar 100 μm.

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Figure 7. Aphyllum lonsdalei (Etheridge, 1890). a, MMF34019, TS, showing parricidal peripheral increase; b, MMF33979a, LS; c, MMF33979b, TS; d, MMF34024a, TS; e, MMF34024b, LS; f, MMF34024c, LS; g, MMF34012b-1, TS; h, MMF34012a-1, LS, showing parricidal peripheral increase; i, MMF34012c-1, LS; j, MMF33963b, TS; k, MMF33963a, LS; l, MMF34006a, LS. TS = Transverse section, LS = Longitu- dinal section; a, d-f from C1627, b-c, j-k from C1591, g-i, l from C1518; all at same magnifi cation, scale bar = 10 mm.

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Figure 8. a-g, Aphyllum pachystele Munson and Jell, 2016. a, MMF34061b, TS; b, MMF34061a, LS; c, MMF34085b, TS; d, MMF34085a, LS; e, MMF34063b, LS, showing connecting tubule; f, MMF34008c, TS; g, MMF34008d, LS., a-b, e from C1600, c-d from C1634, f-g from C1518. h-r, Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, 1907. h, l-m, r, AM F.9789, lectotype, h, external lateral view (also fi gured by Etheridge, 1907, pl. 22, fi g. 8), l, TS (FT.15449), m, LS (FT.15450), r, closing up showing rhabdacanthine septal microstructure (FT.15449); i-j, AM F.9707, paralectotype, i, lateral view (also fi gured by Etheridge, 1907, pl. 22, fi g. 6), j, calical view showing offsets; k, AM F.50623, paralectotype, lateral view (also fi gured by Etheridge, 1907, pl. 22, fi g. 5); n, AM F.9793, topotype, polished tangential surface (also fi gured by Hill, 1940, pl. 12, fi g. 16 right),; o-q, AM F.9794, topotype, o, polished transverse surface (also fi gured by Hill, 1940, pl. 12, fi g. 16 left), p, TS (FT.15451), q, closing up showing rhabdacanthine septal microstructure (FT.15451). Abbrevia- tions referring to Figure 7 caption. Scale bars = 10 mm (a-g, h-k and l-p at same magnifi cation respectively except = 1 mm for q, r).

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Figure 9. a-b, Tryplasma derrengullenense Etheridge, 1907. a, MMF34020b-1, LS; b, MMF34020a, ob- lique TS. c-d, Entelophyllum patulum yassense? (Etheridge, 1892). c, MMF34020b-2, TS; d, MMF34020c, oblique LS. e-h, Cystiphyllum sp. e, MMF34012b-2, TS; f, MMF34012c-2, TS; g, MMF34010a, TS; h, MMF34010b, LS. Abbreviations referring to Figure 7 caption; a-d from C1627 and e-h from C1518, all at same magnifi cation, scale bar = 10 mm.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 291 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS

Figure 10. a-b, Striatopora sp. A. a, MMF34023a, oblique TS, in association with Syringopora sp. and Amphipora sp.; b, MMF34023b, oblique LS, in association with Syringopora sp. and Amphipora sp. c-e, Striatopora sp. B.; c, MMF34007b, oblique LS; d, MMF34007a, TS + oblique LS; e, MMF33962a, TS. Abbreviations referring to Figure 7 caption; a-b from C1627, c-d from C1518, e from C1591; all at same magnifi cation, scale bar = 5 mm.

292 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Y.Y. ZHEN

Figure 11. a-b, Pseudoplasmopora follis (Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1851). a, MMF34088c, TS; b, MMF34088a, LS. c-d, Pseudoplasmopora sp. cf. P. heliolitoides (Lindström, 1899). c, MMF34018a, TS; d, MMF34021a, TS. e, Favositidae gen. et sp. indet. MMF34062b, TS. Abbreviations referring to Figure 7 caption; a-b from C1634, c-d from C1627, e from C1600; all at same magnifi cation, scale bar = 5 mm.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 293 CUGA BURGA VOLCANICS FOSSILS

Figure 12. a-f, Schistodictyon webbyi sp. nov. Holotype, a-b, e, MMF34017b, tangential sections; c-d, f, MMF34017a, longitudinal sections. g, Syringostromella sp. MMF34024d, longitudinal section. h, Cla- vidictyon? sp. MMF34018a, longitudinal section; all from C1627; scale bars = 1 mm.

294 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 Plant, Invertebrate and Pathogen Interactions in Kosciuszko National Park

KEITH L. MCDOUGALL1, GENEVIEVE T. WRIGHT1, TREENA I. BURGESS2, ROGER FARROW3, IHSAN KHALIQ2, MATTHEW H. LAURENCE4, THOMAS WALLENIUS5, AND EDWARD C. Y. LIEW4

1Offi ce of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 733, Queanbeyan NSW 2620; 2School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150; 3777 Urila Road, Urila NSW 2620 4The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000; 5CSIRO Australian National Insect Collection, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601.

Published on 15 November 2018 at https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/LIN/index

McDougall, K.L., Wright, G.T., Burgess, T.I., Farrow, R., Khaliq, I., Laurence, M.H., Wallenius, T. and Liew, E.C.Y. (2018). Plant, invertebrate and pathogen interactions in Kosciuszko National Park. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 140, 295-312.

Kosciuszko National Park is the largest protected area in NSW and the only reserve in the State containing alpine vegetation. Diseases and pests of plants in the park are poorly known and, until recently, were thought to be benign and rare because of the cold climate. Surveys after the 2003 fi re that burnt about 70% of the park detected dieback in both unburnt and regenerating burnt shrubs and trees. Since then, 36 species of Phytophthora have been identifi ed in the park. Some perhaps do not persist but at least two (P. gregata and P. cambivora) are affecting the survival of two native shrub species. The fungus Armillaria luteobubalina also has been isolated from dying shrubs. Many insects and a mite have been identifi ed on shrubs and trees in poor health. Although some of the invertebrate and disease syndromes are likely to be cyclic and natural, their interaction with climate change and invasive species may interrupt such cycles. One threatened species, Eucalyptus saxatilis, is in severe decline at some sites because of insect herbivory perhaps in conjunction with unusual climatic events. Climate change is also likely to allow the invasion or expansion of non-native and native pathogens and invertebrates with unpredictable consequences.

Manuscript received 10 April 2018, accepted for publication 14 October 2018.

Keywords: Armillaria, climate change, dieback, mites, moth larvae, Phytophthora.

INTRODUCTION case moth, Lomera caespitosae (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) and the alpine grass grub Oncopera Kosciuszko National Park (KNP) is the largest alpina (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) that, in their larval protected area in New South Wales. Most of the Park stage, graze on the foliage and roots, respectively, is above 1000 m above sea level and it contains the of the dominant grasses in high elevation vegetation only examples of alpine vegetation in the State (Fig. (Parida et al. 2015). Extensive patch death of grass 1). Steep environmental gradients and a diversity of is episodic due to outbreaks of these species but is habitat mean that KNP has a rich fl ora containing thought to facilitate the establishment of native forbs many endemics (Doherty et al. 2015). The fl ora and by limiting the dominance by Poa species (Williams vegetation of KNP face many threats. The potential et al. 2014). Even this apparently natural process may impacts of climate change, introduced plants and be threatened by climate change (Parida et al. 2015). vertebrate animals are well known (Department of Early reports of invertebrate damage to trees in Environment and Conservation 2006) but the effects the Kosciuszko region were associated with threats of pathogens and herbivorous invertebrates (both to production forestry. Phasmatids caused defoliation native and introduced) have received little attention. and death in alpine ash and mountain ash forests in Perhaps the best known invertebrate herbivores the 1950s and 60s in New South Wales and Victoria in KNP are two native moth species, the alpine (Campbell and Hadlington 1967). Outbreaks of PLANT, INVERTEBRATE AND PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN KOSCIUSZKO N.P.

Fig. 1. Location of sites mentioned in the text. Kosciuszko National Park is shown with a red border. Elevation below 1000 m is shown in white with light to dark shades divided into 200 m elevation bands above that.

296 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 K.L. McDOUGALL et al. the alpine stick insect, Didymuria violescens are not always produced. White mycelial growth on still recorded from time to time in KNP, although lower stems and decaying wood is often the only sign their effect on tree survival does not appear to be of its presence. It was fi rst recorded in KNP in 2002 signifi cant. The outbreaks are associated with cool, (Atlas of Living Australia; accessed 22 March 2018) wet summers when multiplication exceeds the control but its effects on native vegetation are unknown and exerted by predators and parasites (Readshaw 1965). it is unclear whether it is native to KNP. In the 1980s, patch death of snow gum was recorded, After wildfi res that burnt about 70% of KNP especially in the vicinity of ski resorts. This was in 2003, regeneration of some shrub-dominated attributed at the time partly to the effects of cambial communities was slower than expected (McDougall et feeding by the larvae of wood moths (Lepidoptera: al. 2015) and this was attributed in part to invertebrate Cossidae: Endoxyla spp.) (Shields 1993). Again, herbivory and damage. This observation led to a range these dieback events are likely to represent periodic of studies on dieback, invertebrates and pathogens. natural disturbance to the native vegetation of KNP It became clear that dieback was not restricted to and may be associated with a range of stresses such regenerating burnt areas. For instance, an endangered as drought and hydrological change, that cause host species, Eucalyptus saxatilis (Suggan Buggan trees to be more susceptible to invertebrate attack. mallee), a small tree restricted to rocky outcrops in Dieback events in eucalypts in forests and farmland remote dry eucalypt forest in the Upper Snowy region have been widely studied and reported over the past of southern New South Wales and adjacent parts of 40 years and various hypotheses have been advanced northern Victoria (Brooker & Kleinig 1999), was regarding their cause. These include the roles of found to be in poor health at two of its populations, climate variation and physiological stress, outbreaks yet was long unburnt. Symptoms included the loss of leaf-, sap- and cambial-feeding insects and of gall- of adult foliage, presence of dead limbs and the inducing arthropods and the effects of pathogens (e.g. production of epicormic regrowth that was heavily Morrow & LaMarche 1978; Old et al. 1981; White damaged by invertebrate feeding. Numerous trees at 1986; Landsberg & Wylie 1988; Farrow 1999). both sites had also died. In 2013, an Australia-wide survey of Phytophthora In this paper, we present the fi ndings of our species led for the fi rst time to the testing of soils in surveys, and other observations of dieback in the Alps to determine if Phytophthora species were KNP. We conclude with management and research present (Burgess et al. 2017). Phytophthora is a genus recommendations. of class Oomycetes (water moulds), many species of which are pathogenic. One species, P. cinnamomi, has caused permanent change in numerous plant MATERIALS AND METHODS communities across southern Australia (Cahill et al. 2008). It is the only genus amongst Oomycetes Phytophthora species and only one of three plant pathogens included in Alps Walking Track the 100 worst invasive alien plant pathogens in the Targeted surveys for Phytophthora species along Global Invasive Species Database (Lowe et al. 2000). the Australian Alps Walking Track were conducted A total of 33 Phytophthora species were detected between December 2014 and April 2015. Eighty- through High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) using nine soils were collected: 47 in KNP, 23 in Victoria environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from soil and 19 in the ACT. At each site sample, about 300 in KNP, about half of which are considered to be g of soil and root material was collected beside the native to Australia (Burgess et al. 2017). Detection walking track using a trowel by scraping away the using HTS is not confi rmation of a living organism surface litter and collecting soil and roots from the as eDNA can persist in soil when the organism has rhizosphere. Sampling was done beneath plants in died out (Carini et al. 2016). However, the isolation poor health if present. The trowel was sprayed with of P. cambivora from the roots of dying plants of methanol after each sample. Samples were sent to the endemic alpine shrub Nematolepis ovatifolia in the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (RBG) for the 2014/15 suggested the involvement of Phytophthora isolation and identifi cation of Phytophthora species. species in poor plant health (Green 2016). Armillaria luteobubalina is a native fungus Pimelea bracteata that causes root rot and wood decay of a wide range Pimelea bracteata is endemic to NSW and grows of species. Its effects on native plants and plant in wetlands and along waterways in northern KNP and communities are poorly known. Although it can be nearby areas. Poor health in most populations of this readily identifi ed from its fruiting bodies, these are subalpine shrub fi rst was noticed in 2013. Possible

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 297 PLANT, INVERTEBRATE AND PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN KOSCIUSZKO N.P. causes of dieback were investigated. Initial symptoms specifi c PCR (Schena et al. 2008) and sequencing included chlorosis of lower leaves and witches of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed broom at the stem apices, which were observed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS) and BLAST analysis in NCBI’s in all size classes. Repeat visits to one site (Rocky GenBank. The ITS and Ypt1 were amplifi ed using Plain) indicated that affected plants did not resprout primer sets and PCR conditions described in Cooke from the base; i.e. recovery did not appear to occur et al. (2000) and Schena et al. (2008), respectively. once symptoms had progressed. Samples of roots of Amplicons were purifi ed using ExoSAP-IT (USB dying plants at four sites in KNP (Kiandra, northern Corporation Cleveland, Ohio, USA) according to the Currango Plain, Rocky Plain and Kellys Plain) were manufacturer’s instructions and sent to the Ramaciotti collected in November 2016 and sent to the RBG for Centre for Gene Function Analysis at the University testing for root pathogens. After inconclusive results of NSW where DNA sequences were determined from these tests (with three samples testing positive for using an ABI PRISM 3700 DNA Analyser (Applied an unidentifi ed Phytophthora species), symptomatic Biosystems Inc., Foster City, California, USA). plants were examined more closely. Roots were found to be largely unaffected when the top of the plant was Armillaria luteobubalina dead or dying. Plant collars (tissue between the roots White mycelial growth was observed on a range and stems at the soil surface), on the other hand, were of plant species in the vicinity of Round Mountain typically necrotic and often quite rotten. For this and Long Plain in 2014, and was suspected to be reason, subsequent sampling was of plant collars. Ten A. luteobubalina. The vegetation in the Round collars from plants at the Kellys Plain site and one Mountain area was generally in poor health, although from the adjoining Bago State Forest were sent to the this may have been in part because the area had been RBG for the isolation of Phytophthora species. burnt more frequently in recent times than similar vegetation elsewhere in the park. Samples of wood Phytophthora detection from the lower stems of Grevillea australis, Phebalium A dual baiting system of blue lupins (Lupinus squamulosum, Oxylobium ellipticum and Eucalyptus angustifolius) and a Phytophthora selective Medium paucifl ora (Round Mountain) and Eucalyptus (PSM) were used to isolate Phytophthora. The base lacrimans (Long Plain) were sent to the RBG to test PSM consisted of 15% clarifi ed V8 juice (Campbells for the presence of A. luteobubalina (see test methods V8 vegetable juice; Campbell Grocery products Ltd., below). The subspecies of P. squamulosum in this Norfolk, UK) with a pH adjusted to 7 using 0.1 g/L area is regarded as intermediate between P. alpinum CaCo3 and 2% Grade A Agar (Becton, Dickenson and P. ozothamnoides (Wilson 2013). and Company, Sparks, MD, USA). Rifamycin, Hymexazol and Pimaricin were added to the base Armillaria detection PSM at 10, 50 and 5 ppm, respectively. Soils and Armillaria detection was based on the multiplex roots from each sample were mixed in a zip-lock PCR methods described in Guglielmo et al. (2007, plastic bag and fl ooded with de-ionized water. Pre- 2010). Total DNA was extracted from wood and germinated lupins and PSM plugs were added to the root tissues using a modifi ed version of FastDNA soil-water slurry and incubated for 7 days at 22°C with Kit (Q-biogene Inc., Irvine, California, USA). The three replicates of each baiting system per sample. modifi cation substituted the FastDNA Kit extraction Two separate methods were used for Phytophthora buffer with Qiagen Inhibitex Buffer (Qiagen Inc., identifi cation: microscopic examination of colony Germantown, Maryland, USA, Cat # 1080771) as per morphology from the PSM baits and total DNA Guglielmo et al. (2007, 2010). Species identifi cation extraction from the lupin radicles followed by PCR was based on sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal with Phytophthora specifi c primers developed by DNA, internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS) and Schena et al. (2008) that targeted the ras-related BLAST in NCBI’s GenBank. The multiplex PCR protein (Ypt1) gene region. Post incubation, the and ITS were amplifi ed using primer sets and PCR PSM plugs were rinsed with de-ionized water and conditions described in Guglielmo et al. (2007, incubated on PSM for 3 days at 22°C for identifi cation 2010) and Gardes and Bruns (1993), respectively. by gross colony morphology at 10x magnifi cation Amplicons were purifi ed using ExoSAP-IT (USB under a light microscope. Total DNA was extracted Corporation Cleveland, Ohio, USA) according to the from the distal 10mm of the lupin radicles using the manufacturer’s instructions and sent to the Ramaciotti FastDNA Kit (Q-biogene Inc., Irvine, California, Centre for Gene Function Analysis at the University USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. of NSW where DNA sequences were determined Species identifi cation was based on Phytophthora using an ABI PRISM 3700 DNA Analyser (Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, California, USA).

298 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 K.L. McDOUGALL et al.

Invertebrates RESULTS Shrub dieback Investigations of the role of invertebrates in the Phytophthora species dieback of four montane and subalpine shrub species With the species detected by Burgess et al. were made between December 2013 and March (2017) and unpublished data of one author (IK), 36 2014. Six sites were established among vigorous and Phytophthora species have now been recorded in dieback-affected communities of Cassinia monticola, KNP (Table 1). Ozothamnus cupressoides (Kiandra area) and Acacia obliquinervia (Cabramurra area) to compare the Alps Walking Track invertebrate assemblages present. Plots of 100 x Of the 89 soils collected along the Australian 10 m were randomly positioned within each site to Alps Walking Track, only one (in the ACT) was found standardise the sampling area. Observations of dieback to contain a Phytophthora species (P. cryptogea). symptoms were also made from other areas within This was in contrast to the 40 KNP soil samples KNP. Multiple methods were used for collecting tested using HTS (Burgess et al. 2017), which each invertebrates of various habits and behaviours contained between one and 14 Phytophthora species. (e.g. diurnal, nocturnal and fl ying): sweep-netting; Fifty-eight of the soil samples from the walking track beating trays; hand collecting; and UV light trapping. contained at least one Pythium species, which included Collecting was performed at each site for one day- P. macrosporum, P. undulatum, P. mamillatum and and night-time period during February and March undescribed taxa. Pythium is a genus in the same class 2014. Collecting by hand, sweep net, or beating tray as Phytophthora. Many species are pathogenic but was performed at multiple times during the day, with little is known about their effect in native vegetation the UV light trap operating prior to and post sundown in Australia (e.g. Marks and Kassaby 1974). for approximately 2.5 hours. Evidence of invertebrate activity (e.g. feeding damage on foliage, larval and Pimelea bracteata pupal case presence) was also documented. Rearing Plants of Pimelea bracteata in poor health of larvae to their adult stage was performed to aid throughout northern KNP were found to have identifi cation processes. abnormal leaf growth at the stem apices, commonly Invertebrate identifi cation was performed to called witches broom (in addition to the symptoms genus/species level where possible through use of described above associated with Phytophthora keys, other literature sources (e.g. Common 1990; infection). One of the authors (RF) identifi ed minute CSIRO Division of Entomology 1991) and through eriophyid mites among the deformed leaves and consultation with practised taxonomists. Voucher stems and a literature search revealed that a species of specimens were made available to the Australian eriophyid mite, Aceria pimeliae, induces galling on National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT. several species of Pimelea in New Zealand (Manson Some invertebrate groups, such as spiders (Arachnida: 1984). Eriophyid mite species induce witches broom Araneae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were galls on a wide range of plant species and are generally excluded during collecting due to their predatory host specifi c. habits and being unlikely to feed on plants. Life Three of fi ve initial samples taken from the roots history information, obtained from available literature of dying Pimelea bracteata at six sites in KNP tested sources, was used to assess whether identifi ed positive for Phytophthora but the species could not invertebrates were likely to cause damage to plants be identifi ed. Subsequent sampling of collars enabled (e.g. through herbivory). Samples of the mites found the isolation of two pathogens. Of 10 samples from on Pimelea bracteata were sent to Danuta Knihinicki plants in Kellys Plain (KNP), six tested positive for P. (NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange) for gregata, and P. cryptogea was isolated from the single confi rmation of the preliminary identifi cation. Bago State Forest plant. The collar rot symptoms were observed in plants at all sites (Fig. 2). Eucalyptus saxatilis Insect and foliage samples from Eucalyptus saxatilis Armillaria luteobubalina at the Iona population in KNP north-west of Delegate Armillaria luteobubalina was detected in the were collected in December 2016 and February shrubs Grevillea australis, Oxylobium ellipticum, 2017 to identify the invertebrates responsible for the and Phebalium squamulosum but not in the trees defoliation of juvenile and adult leaves. Eucalyptus paucifl ora and E. lacrimans.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 299 PLANT, INVERTEBRATE AND PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN KOSCIUSZKO N.P.

Table 1. List of Phytophthora species detected in KNP through traditional baiting isolation techniques (B) and High Throughput Sequencing (S). Source: TB (Burgess et al. 2017); KG (Green 2016); IK (Ihsan Khaliq, unpublished data).

Phytophthora Isolation Vegetation Source Elevation range (m) species P. amnicola S Montane forests TB 1060 – 1320 P. arenaria S Montane forests TB 740 – 1290 P. bilorbang S Montane forest TB 1405 P. boodjera S Widespread TB 425 – 2125 P. cactorum B, S Widespread TB; IK 1340 - 1820 P. cambivora B Alpine heath KG 1830 P. capensis S Widespread TB 860 – 1140 P. chlamydospora B, S Widespread forests, subalpine woodland TB; IK 980 - 1140 P. cinnamomi S Widespread TB 455 – 2125 P. citricola complex S Montane forests, alpine vegetation TB 1405 – 2065 P. cryptogea B, S Widespread TB; IK 425 – 1580 P. elongata B, S Widespread TB; IK 565 – 2000 P. europea complex S Subalpine and alpine areas TB 1460 – 2065 P. fallax B Widespread IK 425 – 1700 P. gonapodyides B Subalpine and alpine areas IK 1660 - 1870 P. gregata B, S Subalpine wetland, montane forests TB; IK 1280 – 1460 P. inundata S Montane forests, subalpine woodland TB 1220 – 1320 P. litoralis S Montane forests, subalpine woodland TB 980 – 1405 P. moyootj S Montane wetland TB 1405 P. multivora S Widespread TB 425 – 2065 P. nicotianae S Widespread TB 860 – 2000 P. niederhauserii S Widespread TB 500 – 2065 P. oreophila B Alpine herbfi eld IK 1830 P. palmivora S Montane forests TB 980 – 1220 P. parvispora S Montane forest TB 980 P. pseudocryptogea B, S Widespread TB; IK 425 – 1700 P. riparia S Montane forest TB 980 P. rosacearum S Montane forest TB 980 P. sp cyperaceae S Montane forest TB 800 P. sp nov 1B S Montane forest TB 1405 P. sp nov 2A S Montane forest TB 740 P. sp nov 6A S Montane forest TB 980 P. sp nov 9A S Montane forest TB 1280 P. syringae S Montane forest TB 860 P. thermophila S Montane forests TB 425 – 1320 P. versiformis S Widespread TB 455 - 1440

300 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 K.L. McDOUGALL et al.

Invertebrates of silk attached between the stems and branches. Shrub dieback The silk deposits were associated with the presence Dieback-affected Cassinia monticola plants of moth larvae of various stages of development. generally exhibited grey discoloured crowns, Observations of the behaviour of the larvae in fi eld and appeared to be shorter with fewer fl owers and laboratory conditions confi rmed their role in when compared to vigorous communities. The causing both defoliation and depositing silk. Larvae grey discolouration appeared to be largely due to of varying developmental stages were active at room invertebrate-induced herbivory, which exposed a temperature and attached dense deposits of silk to “carcass” of senesced and desiccated branches. adjacent leaves, twigs and branches to form cocoons Dieback-affected C. monticola plants were readily and protect them throughout pupation. Larvae observed in 2014 along the Snowy Mountains were reared through development to adults, which Highway, other roads near Kiandra and adjacent were identifi ed as a leaf roller Epiphyas erysibodes areas (e.g. Three Mile Dam, Gooandara Fire Trail (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Archipini) (Ted Edwards, and Racecourse Creek). The extent of dieback was ANIC, CSIRO, pers. comm.) (Fig. 3). Moth larvae were variable in these areas, with C. monticola plants at the also detected in low numbers within healthy patches Gooandara Fire Trail site amongst the most severely of C. monticola but were not identifi ed. Dieback- affected. Many C. monticola plants persist at these affected C. monticola plants at the site near Gooandara sites but their health remains poor. Different types Fire Trail were found to be infested heavily with a of invertebrates were observed at different sites. At species of leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Three Mile Dam and Racecourse Creek, the plants Eumolpinae). The beetles were observed feeding on/ exhibited defoliation and there were dense deposits defoliating the plants throughout the day and initial

Fig. 2. Lesion in the collar of Pimelea bracteata (light brown region) with dead tissue above (to the right in the photo) and apparently healthy roots below.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 301 PLANT, INVERTEBRATE AND PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN KOSCIUSZKO N.P.

Fig. 3. The larvae of the moth Epiphyas erysibodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Cassinia monticola, showing (left) larval activity (circled in red) and dense silk attached between branches and (right) larva depositing silk threads. counts recorded 24 beetles occupying a 1 m2 area. Coccoidea) and moth/butterfl y larvae. Thirty samples Spot counts of the beetles within a 5 m radius of of the clustered terminal branches investigated for the each of the 5 transect markers recorded a total of 156 presence of invertebrates revealed male and female individuals with numbers of the beetle reaching 56 mealybugs (Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) at various at one location. Samples of C. monticola foliage and stages of development. The mealybugs were identifi ed beetles were brought back to the laboratory, where as belonging to the genus Dysmicoccus and were the beetles were further observed to feed on and an undescribed species (Penny Gullan, Australian deplete available foliage. The beetle was identifi ed as National University, pers. comm.). Attempts to Geloptera jugularis (Chris Reid, Australian Museum, recover and rear moth larvae from O. cupressoides pers. comm.) (Fig. 4). foliage samples were unsuccessful. The number of Dieback-affected O. cupressoides plants species obtained from the healthy O. cupressoides exhibited irregular patches of grey discoloured stand was among the highest of all sites investigated. foliage (Fig. 5), black sooty mould on branches and Scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were the clustering of terminal branchlets, an indication of the most abundant beetles seen on the foliage of dieback- presence of a sugar-producing, sap-feeding, scale affected O. cupressoides. insects. Reduced growth and high rates of mortality In a dieback-affected site near Cabramurra, very (often estimated to be greater than 80% within a 5 few surviving Acacia obliquinervia individuals were m radius) were also observed. Invertebrate related present. The dieback was characterised by extensive damage of O. cupressoides was noted on most plants defoliation and an almost complete lack of branches in the dieback-affected stands and rarely in healthy on plants. Mortality was estimated to be greater than stands. The observed damage involved clustering of 95% and there were only a few leaves remaining leaves at the terminal ends of branches. Silk deposits on the surviving plants. Some individuals had were observed on leaves but were not as dense as presumably been dead for some time as the branches those observed in C. monticola. Observations in and trunk were very brittle with the entire plant the fi eld indicated that clustering of leaves was easily collapsing underfoot. Observations of dieback- associated with soft-bodied scale insects (Hemiptera: affected A. obliquinervia stands in the Thredbo region

302 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 K.L. McDOUGALL et al.

Fig. 4. The beetle Geloptera jugalaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), found to be re- sponsible for defoliation of dieback-affected C. monticola plants.

Fig. 5. Dieback-affected community of Ozothamnus cupressoides (grey foliage in the foreground with healthy plants beyond), Kiandra, Snowy Mountains Highway (February 2014).

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 303 PLANT, INVERTEBRATE AND PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN KOSCIUSZKO N.P. showed extensive damage from the activities of assessment of dieback-affected A. obliquinervia invertebrate herbivores. Two distinct types of damage conducted in this study did not reveal many were recorded: i) defoliation caused by insects with invertebrates that could be considered potentially chewing mouthparts, with characteristic scalloped signifi cant in plant decline nor other evidence of edges of remaining leaves; and ii) damage of foliage invertebrate damage to plants. Larvae of Chrysolopus caused by a leaf-skeletonising insect, resulting in rust feed on the roots of Acacia species and are reputed coloured leaves when senesced. to destroy young trees (Hunt et al. 1996). A potential A number of herbivorous invertebrates specifi c reason for the limited evidence of invertebrate related to Acacia were collected in surveys of the healthy damage is that the activity at the investigated site had A. obliquinervia stand. These included the leaf occurred in a previous season. A rarely encountered beetles Calomela ioptera, Calomela sp. (Coleoptera: reticulated beetle (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) was Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), the Botany Bay collected in the dieback-affected site and two diamond weevil Chrysolopus spectabilis and other undescribed moth species were recorded from the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Galls were surveys of healthy A. obliquinervia. The invertebrate also commonly observed on plants with wasp larvae responsible for skeletonisation was not determined. extracted from them in the laboratory, but their The mite associated with witches broom in identity was not determined through rearing to the Pimelea bracteata plants (Fig. 6) was confi rmed by adult stage. The presence of red spider mites was Danuta Knihinicki (NSW Department of Primary recorded in both healthy and dieback-affected stands Industries) to be Aceria pimeleae, previously only of A. obliquinervia near Cabramurra. However, the known from New Zealand, where it causes galling on some Pimelea species (Manson 1984). Curiously, witches broom was not observed on Pimelea paucifl ora, which grows with P. bracteata at many sites.

Eucalyptus saxatilis dieback Large numbers of Christmas beetles, Anoplognathus spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) were observed grazing on adult foliage and new leaf growth in the crowns of Eucalyptus saxatilis in December 2016. Unhealthy trees had produced epicormic shoots but many of these were dead at that time. The February 2017 survey found that the majority of epicormic leaves were heavily damaged by feeding by larvae of the eucalypt weevil, Gonipterus sp. (Fig. 7). There was also evidence of minor feeding damage by a range of other species of insect herbivore, including autumn gum moth larvae (Mnesampela privata), leaf tier larvae (Tortricidae sp.), and gumtree scale (Eriococcus confusus, confi rmed by RF) plus a few galls induced by various species of gall-wasp (Chalcidoidea sp.). Many trees in poor health had been heavily colonised by a species of the plant Cassytha melantha (Lauraceae), a genus of hemiparasites that are reliant on their host for growth, and can have Fig. 6. Witches broom (abnormal leaf growth) on Pimelea bracteata, negative effects on host growth and Gurrangorambla Creek, KNP, caused by a mite, Aceria pimeleae. survival (e.g. Prider et al. 2009).

304 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 K.L. McDOUGALL et al.

ab

c d Fig. 7. a) Eucalyptus saxatilis with dieback at ‘Iona’ west ridge; b) Gonipterus sp. (Australian weevil) adult, c) Gonipterus sp. larva, d) Gonipterus sp. feeding scars on E. saxatilis leaf.

DISCUSSION Phytophthora species Of the 36 Phytophthora species identifi ed in KNP We have identifi ed numerous pathogens and so far, only three have been implicated in poor plant herbivorous invertebrates in KNP in recent years. health in and near KNP. The most serious appear to Several species appear to be associated with poor plant be P. gregata and P. cryptogea, which are affecting health but some of these are Australian endemics. It is Pimelea bracteata populations in northern KNP and unclear whether such species are native to KNP and, surrounding areas. Plants of all sizes of this shrub if they are, whether they are part of natural cycles. are killed and regeneration is poor or non-existent. The information we have collected will form part of Phytophthora gregata is of uncertain origin (Jung et a baseline for future assessments of invertebrate and al. 2011) while P. cryptogea is almost certainly non- pathogen impacts. native in Australia. Regardless of their origin, the

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 305 PLANT, INVERTEBRATE AND PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN KOSCIUSZKO N.P. rapid decline in P. bracteata over much of its range is infected trunks, but it can infect and kill plants from not consistent with a cyclical event. Interactions with a wide range of families and growth forms including climate change and the mite causing witches broom grasses (e.g. Shearer et al. 1998). Although native to cannot be ruled out. Australia, its natural distribution is unknown. General Only 10 of the 36 Phytophthora species were plant health in the Round Mountain area where we detected using traditional baiting of soil and root detected it is unusually poor. This might be a result of material, which promotes production of zoospores. frequent fi re but the presence of A. luteobubalina there That is, this technique identifi es living Phytophthora possibly hinders regeneration following defoliation species that are capable of growth and reproduction. In and the death of stems following fi re. Further survey contrast, HTS may detect relic DNA, genetic material for A. luteobubalina is recommended so that its that is incapable of producing living organisms (Carini distribution and possible role as a driver of vegetation et al. 2016). This means that some of the 32 species change can be determined. detected using HTS may not persist at the sites where the samples were collected. Invertebrates Phytophthora cambivora is known to infect roots Dieback of Cassinia monticola was associated of the endemic alpine shrub Nematolepis ovatifolia but with defoliation caused by infestations of an adult is believed to be a contributor to decline rather than a leaf beetle, Geloptera jugularis (Chrysomelidae sole cause, climatic events being of more importance : Eumolpinae). Polyphagous and frugivorous (Green 2016). The origin of P. cambivora is also eumolpine beetles are recognised as having signifi cant uncertain. It is a serious forestry and horticultural economic importance with genera such as Colaspis pathogen in many parts of Europe and North America recorded as garden and crop pests (Jolivet & Verma (Erwin and Ribeiro 1996; Saavedra et al. 2007; Jung 2008; Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1992). The larvae of et al. 2013) and has been found to affect horticulture all Eumolpinae are soil-dwelling and are root-feeders in Australia (e.g. Bumbieris & Wicks 1980). In spite (Jolivet & Verma 2008) and can negatively affect of this, isozyme analysis of isolates from various parts plants through feeding at both larval and adult stages. of its range found most variation within Australia Geloptera jugularis is endemic to Australia and (Oudemans & Coffey 1991); an Australian origin for known to be common in montane areas of Victoria the species would therefore not be untenable. and has previously been recorded on Citrus (Lea Phytophthora cinnamomi has not been confi rmed 1915; Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1992); however, its full from soil / root baiting tests in KNP but it has been host range or the extent of polyphagy in this genus is detected from elevations above 2000 m using HTS. If it unknown. The numbers of adult beetles we recorded becomes active in KNP, populations of Xanthorrhoea (up to 24 per m-2) indicates that G. jugalaris has glauca could be at risk, as this species is known to be the potential to attain large population sizes and be highly susceptible (McDougall and Summerell 2003). destructive to C. monticola plants through defoliation, A subalpine shrub, Phebalium squamulosum, was as observed in this study. The roles of G. jugalaris found to be highly susceptible to both P. cinnamomi and other unidentifi ed eumolpine beetles recorded by and P. cambivora in glasshouse pathogenicity trials us as herbivores in KNP warrant attention in future (Rigg et al. 2018). Two species of Phytophthora studies. detected in KNP (P. bilorbang and P. cryptogea) have Infestations of the leaf-rolling moth Epiphyas been implicated in the decline of blackberry (Rubus erysibodes on dieback-affected C. monticola plants anglocandicans) in Western Australia (Aghighi et were also identifi ed. Epiphyas erysibodes is endemic al. 2015). If they also affect blackberry populations to Australia and is also host specifi c to species in the in KNP, the presence of pathogenic Phytophthora Asteraceae family, being previously recorded from species in KNP need not be entirely negative for the Olearia ramulosa, with other members of the genus Park’s values. recorded on other Asteraceae species (McQuillan 1992). While this study recorded only one Epiphyas Armillaria luteobubalina species, there may be a suite of related species or Armillaria luteobubalina is a native fungus that other Tortricidae associated with C. monticola and causes plant death and contributes to the decay of other Asteraceae in KNP (Ted Edwards, pers. comm.). dead plant material in both horticulture and natural It was clear that this species was causing signifi cant ecosystems. In some natural ecosystems it can have a damage to plants in local areas and the impact of this long and lasting impact (e.g. Shearer et al. 1997). It is or other related species on C. monticola communities best known for its effect on woody plants, especially in other areas of KNP requires further investigation. trees where masses of fruiting bodies may be seen on

306 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 K.L. McDOUGALL et al.

An undescribed species of mealybug in the genus were also recorded in the survey, but their potential to Dysmicoccus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) also affect local Acacia species is unknown. was found associated with the clustered branchlets The dieback symptoms observed in A. of dieback-affected O. cupressoides. There have obliquinervia were similar in appearance to that caused been no previous records of these mealybugs on by outbreaks of the fi reblight beetle, Peltoschema Ozothamnus and the closest species morphologically orphana (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) on Acacia to Dysmicoccus sp. found in this study is D. banksi, mearnsii. The name given to this beetle refers to the occurring on various Acacia spp. (Penny Gullan, scorched brown appearance of stands of attacked pers. comm.). Mealybugs are sap-sucking insects and Acacia. Outbreaks of fi reblight beetle commonly damage plants directly by inserting their mouthparts occur in black and silver wattle plantations, and and sometimes also toxic compounds into plant tissue in forests containing large natural stands of these when feeding. Their populations can build rapidly species (Elliott 1978; Elliott et al. 1998). Repeated due to high reproductive capacities and multiple seasonal defoliation through feeding by P. orphana generations per year and are often serious pests of causes heavy mortality to these acacias. There is plants. The waste product of sap-sucking insects also anecdotal evidence that outbreaks of P. orphana (“honeydew”) may further compromise plant health occur in regenerating host acacias after fi re events. by providing suitable growing conditions for sooty It was not possible to determine whether leaf beetle mould fungi. The black sooty deposits observed species found in this study were directly responsible on dieback-affected O. cupressoides plants may be for the extensive defoliation of A. obliquinervia a result of this type of feeding interaction between plants as only photographic evidence of activity after Dysmicoccus spp. or other sap-sucking Hemipterans feeding events was available. Nevertheless, a number such as aphids, scale or coccids. Further study is of leaf beetles known to cause extensive defoliation needed to determine whether this condition contributes of host plants are present in KNP (e.g. Calomela and to dieback in O. cupressoides plants. Geloptera spp.), suggesting that future studies on Chafer beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: their impact could focus on adult and larval activity Melalonthinae) were recorded in surveys from all in relation to known patterns of seasonal abundance. sites, with the highest number of species obtained from Eucalyptus saxatilis is facing pressure from a dieback-affected C. monticola and O. cupressoides. large number of insect species and a parasitic vine. These beetles may be signifi cant as they feed on a The species of Gonipterus that is consuming its wide variety of plants, the adults commonly swarm epicormic shoots is also reported to be responsible and defoliate plants en masse, and the root-feeding for defoliation of Eucalyptus viminalis in nearby larvae can occur in very high densities. However, areas of the Monaro leading to the widespread death identifi cation was not possible in the current study of host trees (Ross and Brack 2015). These weevils because of the diversity of the group and the large are particularly attracted to epicormic regrowth of number of undescribed species. juvenile foliage and there was little evidence in E. Invertebrates collected in surveys of A. saxatilis that the larvae were feeding on adult foliage. obliquinervia that may have contributed to dieback Christmas beetles (Anoplognathus spp.) on the other were the leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: hand were found to be feeding abundantly on new Chrysomelinae) and weevils (Coleoptera: and mature foliage in early summer, and other insect Curculionidae). Two species of Acacia leaf beetles herbivores were recorded on foliage. Outbreaks of from the genus Calomela were obtained from the insect herbivores are often a consequence of abiotic healthy stands of A. obliquinervia, with C. ioptera stresses such as drought (e.g. see the review of being previously recorded from this plant host (Reid Anderegg et al. 2015). Many factors are probably 1989). Calomela beetles are known to specialise contributing to decline in E. saxatilis and a changing in feeding on Acacia with some species known for climate may further stress plants and facilitate greater extensive defoliation of Acacia mearnsii (Selman pressure from insect herbivores. Monitoring of plant 1979; Hunt et al. 1996; Reid 2006). The Botany health and insect populations is recommended so that Bay diamond weevil Chrysolopus spectabilis was causes and an appropriate management response can also recorded in the survey from the healthy stand be identifi ed. As a precursor to that, a small number of A. obliquinervia. Adults and larvae are common of dieback-affected trees were injected with the on a wide range of Acacia species in plantations and insecticide imidacloprid in October 2017. The aim of natural stands and larvae are alleged to cause the this trial is to investigate whether relieving browsing death of young trees (Hunt et al. 1996). Other weevils pressure will allow dieback-affected trees to recover.

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Fig. 8. Subalpine vegetation at Kellys Plain, KNP, before (left, December 2015) and after (right, Janu- ary 2017) extensive death of Poa species caused by moth larvae. The non-native, white-fl owered daisy Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy) colonised the dying grasses more rapidly and in much greater densities than the native forbs that are usually favoured by this disturbance.

Interactions and the future P. albicaulis will therefore have fl ow on effects Although some of the effects of the pathogens and possibly confound expected treeline movement and invertebrate herbivores that we recorded may be upslope. An increase in the frequency of outbreaks naturally cyclic, the cycles may be affected by climate of insect herbivores (e.g. moth larvae (Shields 1993)) change, which could facilitate the introduction of feeding on the KNP treeline species Eucalyptus new pathogens and invertebrates or make native niphophila associated with increased climatic stress plant species more vulnerable to their effects. In (e.g. from more frequent drought) could also have addition, invertebrate and pathogen ranges are likely cascading effects, including hydrological change (e.g. to shift more rapidly than their plant hosts, which will Costin and Wimbush 1961), and changes to snow experience movement lags for a variety of reasons accumulation and persistence (Costin et al. 1961). (Alexander et al. 2018). This may result in host shifts Natural invertebrate – plant cycles may also be or changes in the frequency of outbreaks. For instance, affected by non-native plant introductions. Natural in the European Alps, the optimal climatic niche of episodic death of Poa species in treeless vegetation the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera diniana (Lepidoptera: throughout the Alps associated with two moth species Tortricidae) has shifted in recent decades causing a appears to have been hijacked by the invasion of the large reduction in outbreaks (Johnson et al. 2010). non-native vascular plant (Leucanthemum vulgare), Pathogens may also exert pressure beyond their host which has invaded large areas of grassland in northern and lead to cascading effects. In the Rocky Mountains KNP. This daisy grows much faster than most native of North America, an exotic pathogen, Cronartium forbs, regularly produces large quantities of seed and ribicola, is causing poor health and death in the readily colonises bare ground. Its density was found to treeline species Pinus albicaulis, a keystone species increase rapidly after extensive grass death from moth that is an important food source for native vertebrates larvae (Fig. 8) and its dominance may be leading to and a facilitator for the growth of other plant species further decline in Poa cover (McDougall et al. 2018). (Tomback and Resler 2007). Widespread death of A reduction in Poa cover in grasslands could mean

308 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 K.L. McDOUGALL et al. that future outbreaks of tussock death from native in the vectors likely to spread pathogens (e.g. pigs, moth larvae will be more restricted and colonisation horses, deer) is also wise. Minimising the spread of opportunities for native forbs reduced. In addition, organisms such as Phytophthora cinnamomi to prevent one of the moth species may not be favoured under occupation of their full climatic niche will buy time future climate (Parida et al. 2015). to protect species at risk (e.g. through seedbanking Because of steep climatic gradients in the Alps, or identifi cation of refugia). Pimelea bracteata small increases in temperature could lead to large and Phebalium squamulosum, both susceptible to elevational shifts of suitable climatic niche for Phytophthora species, should be targeted for such native and non-native pathogens and invertebrates. actions in the near future. For instance, an analysis by Podger et al. (1990) in A severe impediment to managing pathogens Tasmania found that disease caused by P. cinnamomi and invertebrate herbivores in KNP is the lack of is unlikely to occur where mean annual temperature baseline data both in terms of what is native to is below 7.5° C and annual mean rainfall is less than the park and where they are likely to occur. Such 600 mm. In much of KNP, this corresponds to an information is rarely available but it is essential for elevation of about 1300 m, which may explain why managing change and, in particular, identifying the persistent populations of P. cinnamomi have yet to difference between natural cycles and irreversible be detected. However, by 2070, the 7.5oC isotherm change. Where so little is known about threats may be up to 500 m higher under an intermediate from pathogens and invertebrates, we recommend a emissions scenario, encompassing all populations precautionary approach where species are managed of Phebalium squamulosum, a species which is by the impact observed rather than whether pathogens especially susceptible to P. cinnamomi (Rigg et al. and invertebrates are native or introduced. Our studies unpublished data). At the same time, the optimal will provide valuable data for future assessments climate for the Phebalium is likely to shift upwards. of poor plant health. Monitoring of plant health, However, its capacity for dispersal is much poorer susceptible species populations, pathogen distribution than P. cinnamomi and a demise from disease and herbivorous invertebrate populations will assist is plausible. Non-native invertebrates are being in identifying when management intervention is recorded in the Australian Alps largely as a result required. of niche fi lling (Nash 2013), but a changing climate will allow invasion of a large range of new species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS One species that has invaded, the European honey bee (Apia mellifera), has reached the alpine area in The Australian Alps National Parks program provided both Victoria and KNP (Inouye and Pyke 1988, Nash funding for survey for Phytophthora species along the 2013). Changes in pollinator composition could Australian Alps Walking Track and susceptibility trials of affect plant reproduction in unpredictable ways (Nash selected Alps species. 2013). The effects of invertebrates on plants in KNP therefore may not be restricted to herbivory. The climatic niche of many mountain plant REFERENCES species is expected to contract or disappear in the future under current climate projections. If that occurs, Aghighi, A., Burgess, T.I., Scott, J.K., Calver, M. some of the pathogens and herbivorous invertebrates and Hardy, G.E.St.J. (2015). Isolation and that rely on them may themselves become rare and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining Rubus anglocandicans. Plant Pathology threatened. 65, 451-461. Alexander, J.M., Chalmandrier, L., Lenoir, J., Burgess, Management and research needs T.I., Essl, F., Haider, S., Kueffer, C., McDougall, It will be diffi cult to limit the spread of soil- K., Milbau, A., Nuñez, M.A., Pauchard, A., borne pathogens along the network of public roads Rabitsch, W., Rew, L.J., Sanders, N.J. and in KNP. Minimising the movement of soil-borne Pellissier, L. (2018) Lags in the response of micro-organisms through conventional hygiene mountain plant communities to climate change. measures (e.g. foot scrubbing stations, vehicle Global Change Biology 24, 563-579. wash down, signage, education) is still valuable, as Anderegg, W.R.L, Hicke, J.A., Fisher, R.A., Allen, C.D., Aukema, J., Bentz, B., Hood, S., Lichstein, J.W., it will also limit the movement of non-native seed. Macalady, A.K., McDowell, N., Pan, Y., Raffa, Woodchips produced from areas found to be infested K., Sala, A., Shaw, J.D., Stephenson, N.L., with Armillaria should not be used in other areas Tague, C. and Zeppel, M. (2015) Tree mortality for revegetation to prevent its spread. A reduction

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312 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 140, 2018 THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES ISSN 1839-7263

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IN ALL ITS BRANCHES HISTORY NATURAL SOUTH WALES

PROCEEDINGS of the of NEW 140 VOLUME SOCIETY LINNEAN

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