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1. General Information Reference: 2011/00079/RQ/01/02 10/03/2011 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR HUMANITARIAN AID AND CIVIL PROTECTION – ECHO SINGLE FORM FOR HUMANITARIAN AID ACTIONS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 Name of Humanitarian Organisation/Country of registration CROIX-ROUGE - ESP 1.2 Title of the Action Strengthening of Northern Chile's Regional Civil Protection and Risk Reduction System in the face of Earthquakes and Tsunamis. 1.3 Area of intervention (country, region, localities) World Area Countries Region America CHILE Arica y Paranicota (Region XV), Tarapacá (Region I) and Antofagasta (Region II) 1.4 Start date of the Action Start date 18/04/2011 If the Action has already started explain the reason that justifies this situation (urgent Action or other reason) 1.5 Duration of the Action in months 18 months 0 days 1.6 Start date for eligibility of expenditure Is the start date for eligibility of expenditure equal to the date of submission of the initial proposal? No If yes, explain expenses charged to the budget between date of initial proposal submission and start date of the action If no, enter the start date for eligibility and explain 18/04/2011 According to the HIP, costs will be eligible from 01/03/2011 but actions will start from 01/04/2011. The Spanish Red Cross (SRC) operational proposal would begin on 18/04/2011 and should not demand an use of funds in advance. 1.7 Requested funding modalities for this agreement Co-financing In case of 100% financing, justify the request 1.8 Urgent action No 1.9 Control mechanism to be applied P 1.10 Proposal and reports Submission date of the initial proposal 17/01/2011 Purpose of this submission REVISED PROPOSAL ECHO reference 2011/00079/RQ/01/02 Date of this submission 10/03/2011 page 1/42 Reference: 2011/00079/RQ/01/02 10/03/2011 2. NEEDS ASSESSMENT 2.1 Date(s) of assessment; methodology and sources of information used; organisation/person(s) responsible for the assessment According to technical studies (1)the Pacific South American Coastal Region located between 15° S and 24° S, is considered to be sitting in a seismic hole with a high potential for a major earthquake to occur. There are historical reports in this region of large destructive earthquakes associated with tsunamis, the last two events having occurred towards the end of the 19 th century. This region's recurrence period for earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 8° is approximately 100 years. The assessment was carried out in the regions of Arica and Parinacota (XV), Tarapacá (I) and Antofagasta (II), which are located within this silently seismic area. This initial evaluation was done during last September and October and consisted of three phases: Preliminary Assessment, Work Field and establishment of baseline. The initial assumption was that Chile is a Country with a relevant public initiatives in DRR sector and with a state with capacity for continuing providing it. However, there are some series of gaps (local implantation, articulation mechanisms...) that make those efforts inneficient. Discover those gaps and in those places with a more inminent hazard is a great oportunity for beginning to establish -at a low cost- a efficient public Risks Reduction estruture that, since a regional dimension, could be further used to a National one and even to an international dimention (collaboration South-South). 1. Preliminary Assesment. Goal: Definition of the potential communities to work with in base on the threats magnitude, its vulnerability degree, the level of well-establishes or not of ONEMI in the community and the existence of other initiatives in the subject to complement and reinforce. Methodology/sources of information: We had different assessment meetings with Regional ONEMI Directions, ONEMI Headquarters and Chilean Red Cross' (CRC) regional committees and branches. Responsible: Soledad Riquelme Pezo, CRC's National Coordinator of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), ONEMI's Regional Directors and CRC's regional Presidents and responsible for DRR at a local level. 2. Work Field. Goals: (1) To know empirically the particular circumstances of the communities (2) To come into contact with communitarian and neighbourhood leaders and (3) To compile key field information regarding goal defined in Preliminary Assessment. Methodology/sources of information: Direct observation and interviews with communitarian leaders and villagers of the preselected communities. Responsible: Soledad Riquelme Pezo, Viviana Guajardo Varas (Emergency and contingency Plan specialist_CRC), Rodrigo Cárcamo González (DRR Department assistant _CRC) and Arnaldo Sanromán Ollo (Spanish Red Cross Delegate) 3. Establishment of Baseline. Goals: establish the physical, socio-economics and regarding risks characteristics of the selected communities. Methodology/sources of information: summarizing of the information collected on field, information from National statistics Institute and additional information from ONEMI. Responsible: Soledad Riquelme, Rodrigo Cárcamo and Arnaldo San Román. * Note: Along the Single Form, there will be different numbers under this way (X). It indicates that a reference, quote o figure is available in Annex 1. *Note 2: For a more detailed information regarding the Assessments and its findings, please consult the corresponding Annex 2. 2.2 Problem statement and stakeholder analysis Chile's geographical position and natural territory have made it a country prone to natural events, with the most frequent of these being earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, droughts and intense and concentrated rainfalls that trigger floods and landslides. Of these, earthquakes and tsunamis are the most important in terms of scope and impact followed by Hydro-meteorological threats (1). Between 1900 and 2010, 98.99% of all natural disaster-related fatalities in Chile were caused by earthquakes and tsunamis (2). The February 27th 2010 earthquake, and the subsequent tsunami, exposed many of the weaknesses of the National System of Civil Protection (NSCP) and the country's high degree of vulnerability to these natural events, especially due to the inefficiencies of Early Warning Systems. NSCP works in a centralized way through ONEMI. Despite it has regional branches these do not have a correspondence relation with its municipal referents. Besides, local committees of civil protection do not always are entirely conformed. Frequently, municipal response plans -when exist- are not updated or have a lack of roles and competences description according to organism's skills and do not include a communitarian component for local risks management. Additionally, there is a scarce of human resources for DRR at a municipal level since this type of function is not recognized in the Municipalities' Organic Law. According to EIRD Diagnostic on Disaster risk reduction situation in Chile, National Plan of Civil protection lacks of key components, shows a confuse terminology regarding risks reduction and disasters management and does not include a work plan, with roles and responsibilities assignation and accomplishment indicators. There exists the civil protection system coordinated by ONEMI but it has a lot of weakness: it does not have a regular meetings schedule -and when there are meetings, these have basically an informative aim-; it works under a reactive perspective; and some basic position -as ONEMI's Regional Director- does not have a real power for making decision due to the lack of support from ONEMI's organic constitution. The perspective on risks management is partial. For instance, some sectors as agriculture, health, education, construction and public infrastructure have guidelines, policies and mechanisms for risks reduction. However, they do not form part of a holistic approach so the majority of the risks reduction efforts do not come from a national policy but from coordination mechanism page 2/42 Reference: 2011/00079/RQ/01/02 10/03/2011 established ad hoc. Regarding EWS, information from institutions responsible for the monitoring reaches ONEMI and other central governmental authorities but it is not timely disseminated at a municipal, provincial and regional level. A warning emitted by a technical institution reaches first of all to central ONEMI from where goes -following an initial ONEMI's authorities' evaluation- to its regional branch that spread it to the municipality, firefighters and Chilean Red Cross among others before reaching communitarian level making a excessively long process. After the last earthquakes, the deep review of the regulations of the NSCP in Chile, the attention of Institutional authorities towards the risk management, the increased sensibility of families and communities in search of safer routines, the constant investment in equipments and studies, the structures already created (ONEMI), are the base of an opportunity to carry out a DIPECHO project. Red Cross, that pleads for the adoption of a suitable culture of risk management as set on the Hyogo's frame, raise this proposal conscious that there is an opportunity to start communitarian actions leaded by the NSCP, in a State that is looking to a model of integration over its own centralism that could create a great DRR impulse in the Region. Regarding the stakeholders and how this project would affect to them, please see below Table 2_Stakeholder Analysis. 2.3 Summarise findings of the assessment (include full report in annex, if relevant) and link these to the Action The principal assessment's findings were: (1) There is a high probability of occurrence of a
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