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JUNE 2019 ENG Capacity Development Guide for Establishing and Maintaining Pest Free Areas Understanding the principal requirements for pest free areas, pest free places of production, pest free production sites and areas of low pest prevalence JUNE 2019 Capacity Development Guide for Establishing and Maintaining Pest Free Areas Understanding the principal requirements for pest free areas, pest free places of production, pest free production sites and areas of low pest prevalence Required citation: FAO. 2019. Guide for establishing and maintaining pest free areas. Rome. Published by FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-131764-8 © FAO, 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/ legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial pur- poses, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original english edition shall be the au- thoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitra- tion as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/ mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third- party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publi- cations) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be sub- mitted to: [email protected]. ii Abstract The purpose of the guide is to support national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) who wish to establish and maintain pest free areas (PFA) including places and/or production sites (PFPP and PFPS) as well as areas of low pest prevalence (ALPP). To facilitate an understanding of the processes to establish and maintain PFAs and ALPPs, a diagram in the form of a decision tree was constructed that identifies and outlines five general phases of programme development as follows: initiation, feasibility, establish- ment, maintenance, and market access phases. The guide is then divided into corresponding Sections that describe what the key elements of each phase are, why these elements are important, what some of the common challenges and pitfalls are, and factors that may influence the success of the different phases such as budget stability, public outreach, availability of good survey and control tools, and open engagement with stakeholders and trading partners. By providing a deeper understanding of the factors that should be considered when establishing a PFA, PFPP, PFPS or ALPP the guide aims to overcome the challenges and maximize the impact of these efforts to the benefit of all parties. The guide concludes by providing a number of case studies from around the world that highlight successful PFA and ALPP programmes and how they deal with particular key issues. This guide contains current experience and the most advanced phytosanitary procedures in the implementation of PFA and ALPP, however, it is sub- jected to revision and updates as new developments in the international phytosanitary arena emerge. iii Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements .....................................................................................viii Case studies ...............................................................................................ix Acronyms ...................................................................................................x Definitions .................................................................................................xi Names of pests and host plants ....................................................................xviii Introduction ...............................................................................................1 Decision tree – how to use the guide .................................................................1 Strategic plan – general information ..................................................................2 Scope of the programme .................................................................................2 Legislation ..................................................................................................5 IPPC basic and operational principles .................................................................8 Considerations when deciding whether to establish pest free areas, areas of low pest prevalence and the use of related measures ..........................10 Section 1. Initiation (PHASE 1 decision tree) ...............................................12 1.1 Identification of crop(s) and pest to be regulated under a PFA/PFPP/PFPS or ALPP (step 1 decision tree) . 12 1.2 Determination of the targeted area (step 1 decision tree) ...............................12 1.3 Surveillance activities prior to establishment (step 2 decision tree) ...................13 1.4 Economic feasibility (step 3 decision tree) ...................................................14 1.5 Pest status and intervention options 14 (step 4 decision tree) ..........................14 Section 2: Programme Development Phase (PHASE 2 decision tree) ...............15 2.1 Programme stakeholders (step 6 decision tree) .............................................15 2.2 Funding mechanism with considerations for sustainability (step 7 decision tree) ..18 2.2.1 Pest free areas (PFAs) (step 20 decision tree) ...............................................18 2.2.2 Pest free places of production (PFPPs) (step 21 decision tree) ............................18 2.2.3 Pest free production sites (PFPSs) (step 19 decision tree) . .18 2.2.4 Area of low pest prevalence (ALPPs) (step 28 decision tree) ..............................18 2.2.5 Service provision agreements ..................................................................19 2.3 Human resources (step 8 decision tree) ......................................................19 2.3.1 NPPO staff (step 8 decision tree) ............................................................ 20 2.3.2 Other technical expertise (step 8 decision tree) ........................................... 20 2.4 Communication and awareness (step 11 decision tree - Outreach) .....................20 2.5 Procurement (step 9 decision tree - Supplies) ...............................................23 2.5.1 Materials and supplies (step 9 decision tree - Supplies) ................................... 23 2.5.2 Infrastructure and equipment (step 10 decision tree - Infrastructure and logistics) ... 25 2.6 Logistics (step 10 decision tree) ................................................................26 2.7 Programme planning (step 4 decision tree) ..................................................26 2.8 Budgeting and funding (step 7 decision tree) ...............................................27 v Section 3: Establishment Phase (PHASE 3 decision tree) ...............................29 3.1 Organizational/management structure ......................................................29
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