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The Mineral Industry of Chile in 1999
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CHILE By Pablo Velasco In 1999, Chile, which continued to be the top producer and allow negotiations related to Chilean accession to NAFTA or to exporter of copper, in terms of volume and value, produced a bilateral trade agreement with the United States. about 35% of the world’s mined copper. Copper remained the A key feature of the Government of Chile’s development country’s most important export product and accounted for strategy was a welcoming attitude towards foreign investors, about 37.7% of export earnings in 1999. Chile was also one of which was embodied in the country’s foreign investment law the world’s significant producers and exporters of potassium known as Decree Law (DL) 600. DL 600 was promulgated in nitrate and sodium nitrate and ranked second after Japan in 1974 and has been made more liberal through frequent world production of iodine. Chile ranked first in lithium, first in revisions. Under this law, foreign investment must be approved rhenium, and third in molybdenum. by the Government’s foreign investment committee. The Law The Chilean economy suffered a sharp recession from serves as the most significant guideline for foreign investment. November 1998 to late 1999. On average, the profits of Investors choosing not to use DL 600 may invest via the companies traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange were down provisions of Chapter XIV of the Central Bank’s foreign by 40%, and with the economic slowdown, inflation for the year exchange regulations. Under DL 600, investors sign was 2.3% compared with 4.7% in 1998. -
Introducción Capítulo I
1 Imagen de portada: Fertilidad para el pueblo de Andrea Tirado (INTI), artista visual de la comuna de Camiña. La rana, símbolo de fertilidad y abundancia del agua en la cultura aymara, lleva a su vez una chakana o cruz andina en representación del pueblo. 2 Todos los derechos reservados. Queda prohibida, salvo excepción prevista en la Ley, cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y transformación de alguna parte esta obra, incluyendo el diseño de la cubierta, sin contar con la autorización de los autores. La infracción de los derechos mencionados puede ser constitutiva de delito contra la propiedad intelectual (Ley Nº 17.336). © UNAP - Universidad Arturo Prat, 2013. ISBN: 978 956 302 081 - 6 CIDERH, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos Calle Vivar 493, 3er Piso Edificio Don Alfredo Iquique, CHILE Fono: (56)(57) 2 530800 email: [email protected] www.ciderh.cl Impreso en Chile. RECURSOS HÍDRICOS REGIÓN DE TARAPACÁ Diagnóstico y Sistematización de la Información Autores CAPÍTULO I 3 Elisabeth Lictevout Hidrogeóloga – Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos Dirección Científica Constanza Maass Geógrafa Damián Córdoba Ing. Geólogo – Hidrogeólogo Venecia Herrera Dra. en Ciencias, mención Química Reynaldo Payano Ing. Civil – Dr. (c) en Hidrología y Gestión de Recursos Hídricos Asistentes Jazna Rodríguez Ing. Civil Ambiental, Analista SIG José Aguilera Ing. Civil Ambiental egresado Priscila Beltrán Analista Química 4 Luz Ebensperger Orrego, Intendenta Región de Tarapacá. Prólogo La Región de Tarapacá está ubicada en pleno Desierto de Atacama, una de las zonas más áridas del planeta, por lo que el agua, además de ser un recurso no renovable, es un recurso de extremo valor para nuestra región. -
Full-Text PDF (Final Published Version)
Pritchard, M. E., de Silva, S. L., Michelfelder, G., Zandt, G., McNutt, S. R., Gottsmann, J., West, M. E., Blundy, J., Christensen, D. H., Finnegan, N. J., Minaya, E., Sparks, R. S. J., Sunagua, M., Unsworth, M. J., Alvizuri, C., Comeau, M. J., del Potro, R., Díaz, D., Diez, M., ... Ward, K. M. (2018). Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes. Geosphere, 14(3), 954-982. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY-NC Link to published version (if available): 10.1130/GES01578.1 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Geo Science World at https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: PLUTONS: Investigating the Relationship between Pluton Growth and Volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE; v. 14, no. 3 M.E. Pritchard1,2, S.L. de Silva3, G. Michelfelder4, G. Zandt5, S.R. McNutt6, J. Gottsmann2, M.E. West7, J. Blundy2, D.H. -
The Mineral Industry of Chile in 1998
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CHILE By Pablo Velasco In 1998, Chile continued to be the top producer and exporter negotiate a trade agreement in the medium term. Chile shared of copper in terms of volume and value, producing 30.8% of the the U.S. interest in negotiating a comprehensive trade world's mined copper. Chile was recognized by the world agreement between the two countries. This is because the mining community as being the single most active mining United States was Chile’s most important single trading partner country in terms of new development and investment; of the and source of foreign investment. In 1995, Chile began total $5.04 billion in foreign investment, about 32% was in negotiations to joint the North American Free Trade mining. Direct foreign investment in Chilean mining rose to Agreement (NAFTA). Those talks have been stalled because of $1.6 billion in 1997. political factors in the United States. The U.S. administration Copper remained the country’s most important export planned to introduce legislation in Congress, which, if product, accounting for about 36% of export earnings in the approved, would allow negotiations related to Chilean first 9 months of 1998. Chile was also one of the world's accession to NAFTA or to a bilateral trade agreement with the significant producers and exporters of potassium nitrate and United States. sodium nitrate and ranked second after Japan in world A key feature of the government of Chile’s development production of iodine. Chile ranked first in lithium, second in strategy was a welcoming attitude towards foreign investors, rhenium, and third in molybdenum. -
Geomorphometry of Cerro Sillajhuay (Andes, Chile/Bolivia): Comparison of Digital Elevation Models (Dems) from ASTER Remote Sensing Data and Contour Maps
Geomorphometry of Cerro Sillajhuay (Andes, Chile/Bolivia): Comparison of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from ASTER Remote Sensing Data and Contour Maps Ulrich Kamp Department of Geography and Environmental Science Program, DePaul University 990 W Fullerton Ave, Chicago, IL 60614-2458, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Tobias Bolch Department of Geography, Humboldt University Berlin Rudower Chausse 16, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Jeffrey Olsenholler Department of Geography and Geology, University of Nebraska - Omaha 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68182-0199, U.S.A. [email protected] Abstract Digital elevation models (DEMs) are increasingly used for visual and mathematical analysis of topography, landscapes and landforms, as well as modeling of surface processes. To accomplish this, the DEM must represent the terrain as accurately as possible, since the accuracy of the DEM determines the reliability of the geomorphometric analysis. For Cerro Sillajhuay in the Andes of Chile/Bolivia two DEMs are compared: one derived from contour maps, the other from a satellite stereo-pair from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). As both DEM procedures produce estimates of elevation, quantative analysis of each DEM was limited. The original ASTER DEM has a horizontal resolution of 30 m and was generated using tie points (TPs) and ground control points (GCPs). It was then resampled to 15 m resolution, the resolution of the VNIR bands. Five parameters were calculated for geomorphometric interpretation: elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, vertical curvature, and tangential curvature. Other calculations include flow lines and solar radiation. -
INFORME July 2014
Chapter 3: Baseline EIA Espejo de Tarapacá Region of Tarapacá, Chile INFORME July 2014 Prepared by: Environmental management Consultants S. A Father Mariano 103 Of. 307 7500499, Providencia, Chile Phone: + 56 2 719 5600 Fax: + 56 2 235 1100 www.gac.cl Capítulo 3: Línea de Base EIA Proyecto Espejo de Tarapacá Index 3. BASELINE ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2. Physical environment ................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.1 Atmosphere ........................................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.1.1 Meteorology .................................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1.2 Air quality ........................................................................................................................ 3-5 3.2.1.3 Noise and vibration ......................................................................................................... 3-9 3.2.1.4 Electromagnetic fields .................................................................................................. 3-29 3.2.1.5 Luminosity .................................................................................................................... -
Preliminary Survey of Some Soils from Chilean Altiplano Near Iquique
J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 11 (2): 63 - 72 (2011) PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF SOME SOILS FROM CHILEAN ALTIPLANO NEAR IQUIQUE P. Norambuena V.1*, W. Luzio L.1, O. Zepeda2, J. Stern1, and F. Reinoso1 1Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 1004, Avenida Cristóbal Colón 5805, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. 2Environmental Engineer, Compañía Minera Doña Inés de Collahuasi, Andrés Bello 2687, Piso 11, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. *Corresponding autor: edafoló[email protected] ABSTRACT In the Altiplano of the Iquique Province, Chile, a study was carried out for the purpose of advancing in the knowledge of the soils in the zone, to determine the soil moisture and soil temperature regimes, and to establish its taxonomic classification. In one area, at the base of the slopes of the Irruputuncu volcano, where the occurrence of lahars and the presence of moraine deposits is described, 5 soil profiles were examined morphologically and some of their chemical and physical properties were determined. Moreover, the degree of pedogenic evolution of the volcanic parent materials was assessed. The depth of the solum did not exceed 0.40 m, and the low organic carbon content, combined with the dominance of the sand fraction, determined a low water holding capacity, which hampers the development of vegetation. It was determined that the soil temperature regime is frigid and its moisture regime is ustic. None of the soils showed andic soil properties. Hence, given the limited pedogenic development it was proposed to classify them as Ustorthents (Entisols, USDA, 2010). Key words: High altitude soils, Ustic moisture regime, Andic properties, Entisols. -
Texto Completo.Pdf
GIOVANNI CHAGAS EGG GERAÇÃO DE MODELOS DIGITAIS DE SUPERFÍCIE COMPOSTOS UTILIZANDO IMAGENS DO SENSOR PRISM/ALOS Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, para a obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2012 A Meus pais Alfredo e Elza As minhas irmãs Ingredy e Sheila “não sabendo que era impossível, ele foi lá e fez” (Jean Cocteau) ii AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, por tudo. A Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES pelo auxílio financeiro destinado a essa pesquisa com a concessão de bolsa de estudo e ao Departamento de Engenharia Civil por fornecer os equipamentos e software ArcGIS 9.3 necessários ao desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Ao Departamento de Engenharia Florestal por disponibilizar a licença de uso do Software STATISTICA 7.0. Ao Instituto de Geociências Aplicadas – IGA pela oportunidade de utilização do Software PCI Geomatica 10.3. Ao professor Joel Gripp Júnior, pela compreensão, paciência e grande apoio fornecido para o desenvolvimento desta dissertação. Ao professor José Marinaldo Gleriani, pela amizade, apoio, sugestões empenhadas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. A professora Nilcilene das Graças Medeiros pelo apoio, críticas e contribuições que auxiliaram significativamente a conclusão do trabalho. Aos colegas Eduardo Onilio, José Fernando, Túlio e Robert Silva, pelo grande e valioso auxilio, na etapa de levantamento de campo. A todos os meus colegas de Pós-Graduação, dentre eles Afonso, Marcos Ramos, Leonardo, Wiener, Jonas, Antônio Prata, Leila Freitas, Inês Nosoline, Wellington Donizete, Marcos Vinícius, Alice Etiene, André Borges pelos curtos e bons momentos de convívio proporcionados ao longo desta jornada. -
The Identity of the Chilean Frog <I>Alsodes Laevis</I> (Philippi 1902) (Cycloramphidae): Synonymy and Generic Partit
Volume 23 (July 2013), 145–152 Herpetological Journal FULL PAPER Published by the British The identity of the Chilean frog Alsodes laevis (Philippi Herpetological Society 1902) (Cycloramphidae): Synonymy and generic partitioning of the type series C.C. Cuevas Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Alsodes laevis was described by Philippi (1902) as Telmatobius laevis based on two specimens deposited in the National Museum of Natural History of Chile by Lataste in 1887, and became later emended by Lynch (1978) as A. laevis. After its initial description, no further specimens were collected and attributed toA. laevis; the site of collection of these specimens remained so far elusive due to labelling problems. Based on new historical material and more detailed insights about their origin I argue that the type material of A. laevis comprises two different taxa. I thus propose a synonymy, and a generic partitioning for the taxon. Firstly, I describe the revalidation ofT. laevis based on one type specimen, representing the southernmostTelmatobius species of Chile. I also argue that the other type specimen is a member of A. nodosus, which is known to exist in the more refined area of origin of the original specimens, the pre-Andean mountains of Santiago Province, Chile. Key words: Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Alsodes laevis synonymization, taxonomic identity, Telmatobius laevis revalidation. INTRODUCTION not been clearly established. Philippi (1902) stated that Lataste labelled its origin as “Potrero”, omitting a more oological collections associated with museums and specific name for the specimen’s locality and precluding Zacademic institutions play a crucial role at the forefront the establishment of a precise type locality. -
Volcano Pilot Long-Term Objectives
Volcano Pilot Long-term Objectives Stepping-stone towards the long-term goals of the Santorini Report (2012): 1) global background observations at all Holocene volcanoes; 2) weekly observations at restless volcanoes; 3) daily observations at erupting volcanoes; 4) development of novel measurements; 5) 20-year sustainability; and 6) capacity-building Volcano Pilot Short-term Objectives 1) Demonstrate the feasibility of integrated, systematic and sustained monitoring of Holocene volcanoes using space-based EO; 2) Demonstrate applicability and superior timeliness of space-based EO products to the operational community for better understanding volcanic activity and reducing impact and risk from eruptions; 3) Build the capacity for use of EO data in volcanic observatories in Latin America as a showcase for global capacity development opportunities. Deformation of several volcanoes was detected in an arc-wide InSAR survey of South America by Pritchard and Simons, 2002. Volcano Pilot main components Three main components: A. Demonstration of systematic monitoring in Latin America; B. Development of new products using monitoring from Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories initiative C. Showcase monitoring benefits for major eruption during 2014–2016 Deformation of several volcanoes was detected in an arc-wide InSAR survey of South America by Pritchard and Simons, 2002. Key outcomes 1) identification of volcanoes that are in a state of unrest in Latin America; 2) comprehensive tracking of unrest and eruptive activity using satellite data in support of hazards mitigation activities; 3) validation of EO-based methodology for improved monitoring of surface deformation; 4) improved EO-based monitoring of key parameters for volcanoes that are about to erupt, are erupting, or have just erupted, especially in the developing world (where in-situ resources may be scarce) Deformation of several volcanoes was detected in an arc-wide InSAR survey of South America by Pritchard and Simons, 2002. -
Turismo Y Gastronomía Tourism & Gastronomy
TarapacáIN SIDE Turismo y Gastronomía Tourism & Gastronomy TarapacáINSIDE Gastronomía y Turismo www.norteatacama.cl Este libro fue realizado gracias al aporte de ESCUELA DE OFICIOS HOTELERIA Sercotec y su fondo Capital Semilla, el año GASTRONOMIA Y TURISMO. 2013, con un tiraje de 1000 copias. ©2013 Iquique 9893495p454 Servicios de Capacitación EIRL Mis especiales agradecimientos al Sr. Juan Carlos Carreño Carmona y a Glamping Atacama Desert, por el uso de sus fotografías del interior de Tarapacá Dirección y Edición general: Christian Linzmayer Pasaje Pampa Engañadora Nº 3110 - Iquique Diseño y Diagramación: (056-57)2347817 – (09)62287695 Rodrigo González Contenido Presentación La siguiente guía es el fruto del proyecto Re- gional denominado; “Tarapacá Inside”. Este proyecto fue finan- ciado, por el Sercotec Tarapacá; a través de la entrega de los Fon- dos Capital Semilla. The following guide is the result of the regio- nal project entitled “Ta- rapacá Inside.” This project was fun- ded by Sercotec Tara- pacá, La guía incluye la evaluación de un Circuito Turístico de Intereses especiales, asociado principalmente al desarrollo de la Gastronomía Información Turística de Turística, rescatando y desarrollando la gastro- nomía local a través de la Cocina Chilena y Co- Touristic Information of cina Regional, mediante la generación de una Ruta Gastronómica para Iquique; denominada “IQUIQUE – DESTINO GOURMET”; Turismo de Salud, fomentando el uso con fines turísticos de los recursos naturales de la Región a través de una Ruta Termal y Etno-Turismo, rescatan- do las culturas locales aymarás y quechuas y desarrollando a las comunidades en el tema de turismo de intereses especiales, a través Tarapacá de una Ruta de Etno-Turismo del circuito com- prendido por las localidades de la Región de Tarapacá. -
Boletín De Biodiversidad De Chile Número 4, 2010
Boletín de Biodiversidad de Chile Número 4, 2010 _______________________ Primera publicación electrónica científico-naturalista para la difusión del conocimiento de la biodiversidad de especies chilenas © Ediciones del Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad Boletín de Biodiversidad de Chile ISSN 0718-8412 Número 4, Diciembre de 2010 © Ediciones del Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad Osorno, Chile Comité Editorial Editor General: Alberto Gantz P. (Aves terrestres) (Universidad de Los Lagos) Jorge Pérez Schultheiss (Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad) Jaime Rau (Ecología terrestre y Mammalia) (Universidad de Los Lagos) Director: Jaime Zapata (Protozoa) Leonardo Fernández Parra (Independiente) (Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad) Luis Parra (Insecta, Lepidoptera) (Universidad de Concepción) Editores Asociados Nicolás Rozbaczylo (Polychaeta) Eduardo Faúndez (Universidad Católica) (Universidad de Magallanes, Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad) Oscar Parra (Botánica acuática) (Universidad de Concepción) Aldo Arriagada Castro Roberto Schlatter (Aves acuáticas) (Universidad de Concepción, Centro de Estudios en (Universidad Austral) Biodiversidad) Editores por Área: Colaborador: Cesar Cuevas (Amphibia) Soraya Sade (Universidad de Los Lagos) (Universidad Austral) Daniel Pincheira-Donoso (Reptilia) (University of Exeter, U. K.) Diseño de logos: Fabiola Barrientos Loebel Eduardo Faúndez (Insecta y Teratología general) (Universidad de Magallanes, Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad) Diagramación y diseño portada: Erich Rudolph (Crustacea) Jorge Pérez