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Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) in Chile, with Descriptions of Two New Species

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Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) in Chile, with Descriptions of Two New Species PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3564, 44 pp., 77 figures, 2 tables May 16, 2007 The genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) in Chile, with Descriptions of Two New Species ANDRE´ S A. OJANGUREN AFFILASTRO,1 CAMILO I. MATTONI,2 AND LORENZO PRENDINI3 ABSTRACT We review the taxonomy of the Brachistosternus Pocock, 1893 scorpions of Chile, providing revised diagnoses, comprehensive distribution maps (based on all known locality records), and an illustrated key to all Chilean species of the genus. Two new species, Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) chango, n.sp., and Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) kamanchaca, n.sp., are described from northern Chile. The phylogenetic affinities of B. chango are unclear. Some characters suggest that this species may be related to Brachistosternus (L.) artigasi Cekalovic, 1974 but others suggest that it may be related to Brachistosternus (L.) roigalsinai Ojanguren Affilastro, 2002. Brachistosternus kamanchaca, in contrast, appears to be closely related to Brachistosternus (L.) donosoi Cekalovic, 1974 and other species from the plains of northern Chile and southern Peru´. RESUMEN Se revisa la taxonomı´a de los escorpiones del ge´nero Brachistosternus Pocock, 1893 de Chile, se brindan diagnosis revisadas, mapas de distribucio´n completos (basados en todos los registros conocidos) y una clave ilustrada de todas las especies. Se describe a Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) chango, n.sp., y a Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) kamanchaca, n.sp., del norte de Chile. Las relaciones filogene´ticas de B. chango son poco claras. Algunos caracteres de esta especie sugieren que puede estar relacionada con Brachistosternus (L.) artigasi Cekalovic, 1974, aunque otros parecerı´an relacionarla con Brachistosternus (L.) roigalsinai Ojanguren Affilastro, 2002. Brachistosternus kamanchaca por otro lado, se encuentra estrechamente relacionada con 1 Divisio´n Aracnologı´a, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina ([email protected] and [email protected]). 2 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]). 3 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]), corresponding author. Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2007 ISSN 0003-0082 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3564 Brachistosternus (L.) donosoi Cekalovic, 1974, ası´ como con otras especies de llanura del norte de Chile y sur del Peru´. INTRODUCTION most of the Chilean Brachistosternus species appear to be closely related to those from Although the scorpion fauna of Chile is Argentina. However, the Brachistosternus spe- among the most diverse in South America, it cies from the central arid areas (Coquimbo received little attention until recent years. Region) of Chile appear to be more closely Brachistosternus Pocock, 1893, the most di- related to the Andean species of the genus, verse genus in the country, comprises numer- most of which are also very range restricted ous extremely range-restricted and microhab- and microhabitat specific. itat-specific species, many of which have been Of the two new species described in the described in the past 5 years (Ochoa, 2002; present contribution, B. kamanchaca is among Ochoa and Acosta, 2002; Ojanguren the most widespread Chilean species of the Affilastro, 2002b, 2004b, 2005a; Agusto et genus, occupying most of the Atacama Region al., in press). and probably part of the neighboring During recent fieldwork in central and Antofagasta and Coquimbo Regions. In northern Chile, we collected several unde- contrast, B. chango is known from only two scribed species of Brachistosternus,twoof localities. which, Brachistosternus chango, n.sp., and Several poorly known Chilean species of Brachistosternus kamanchaca, n.sp., are de- Brachistosternus were also collected during scribed below. The description of these species our fieldwork in central and northern Chile. raises the number of species in the genus to 38 We take the opportunity to report new records (table 1). Brachistosternus is the second most and observations for these species in the speciose scorpion genus in South America, present contribution, as well as providing after Tityus C.L. Koch, 1836 (Buthidae C.L. revised diagnoses, comprehensive distribution Koch, 1837; Fet and Lowe, 2000), and has maps (based on all known locality records), evidently undergone a radiation similar to the and an illustrated key for all Chilean species of mostly fossorial genera Opistophthalmus C.L. the genus. Koch, 1837 (Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802), Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Urodacidae Pocock, MATERIALS AND METHODS 1893), and Paruroctonus Werner, 1934 (Vaejovidae Thorell, 1876) in the arid zones Descriptive terminology follows Maury of southern Africa, Australia, and North (1974) for the hemispermatophores (figs. 27 America, respectively. Presumably, the radia- and 30); Vachon (1974) for the trichobothria; tion of Brachistosternus, like those of Cekalovic (1973) for the androvestigia (a pair Opistophthalmus, Urodacus, and Paruroct- of glands situated on the dorsal surface of onus, can in large part be explained as metasomal segment V in the adult male); Roig a consequence of allopatric speciation pro- Alsina and Maury (1981) for the male telson moted by stenotopic substratum requirements gland; Stahnke (1970) for the metasomal (Prendini, 2001). carinae, abbreviated as follows: DL: dorsolat- The patterns of distribution and diversity eral, LIM: lateral inframedian, LSM: lateral observed among the Brachistosternus species supramedian, PL: paramedian, PM: paralat- inhabiting the arid to semi-arid regions of eral, VL: ventrolateral, VSM: ventrosubme- Chile contrast starkly with those among dian, and VM: ventromedian; and Francke species inhabiting the arid plains of (1977) for the pedipalpal carinae, abbreviated Argentina, most of which are widely distrib- as follows: DI: dorsal internal, DE: dorsal uted and somewhat less microhabitat specific external, and VI: ventral internal. (Maury, 1974; Roig Alsina and Maury, 1981, Abbreviations of collections from which ma- 1984; Ojanguren Affilastro, 2001, 2002a, terial was studied are as follows: AMNH: 2002b, 2003a, 2004a, 2005b, Ojanguren American Museum of Natural History, New Affilastro and Roig Alsina, 2001). This York; ARA: Arturo Roig Alsina personal observation is somewhat paradoxical because collection, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CDA: 2007 OJANGUREN AFFILASTRO ET AL.: CHILEAN BRACHISTOSTERNUS SCORPIONS 3 Ca´tedra de Diversidad Animal I, Universidad physis dorsoventrally compressed (fig. 36). de Co´rdoba, Argentina; LEULS: Laboratorio Brachistosternus (Brachistosternus) ehrenbergii de Entomologı´a, Universidad de La Serena, – Pedipalp patella with 3 ventral trichobothria Chile; MACN-Ar: Museo Argentino de (fig. 43); hemispermatophore, cylindrical apophysis terete (figs. 1, 28, 37–41) . Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, .... Brachistosternus (Leptosternus)...2 National Arachnological Collection, 2. Basitarsi I and II, prolateral pedal spurs Argentina; MNHN: Museum National vestigial or absent (fig. 52); hemispermato- DHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MUSM: phore, internal structures absent . 3 Museo de historia Natural, Universidad – Basitarsi I, prolateral pedal spur well devel- Nacional Mayor de San Carlos, Lima, Peru´; oped, equal to retrolateral pedal spur MZUC: Museo Zoolo´gico del Instituto de (fig. 53); hemispermatophore, internal struc- Biologı´a de la Universidad de Concepcio´n, tures well developed. 4 Chile; and ZMH: Zoologisches Institut und 3. Metasomal segment V, VM carina present in posterior half of segment; androvestigia Zoologisches Museum, Universita¨t Hamburg, absent. Brachistosternus (L.) sciosciae Germany. Scorpion tissue samples are stored – Metasomal segment V, VM carina extending (in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen at entire length of segment; androvestigia pres- 2150uC) in the Ambrose Monell Collection ent, small . Brachistosternus sp. 1 for Molecular and Microbial Research 4. Pedipalp femur with two macrosetae associated (AMCC) at the AMNH. Illustrations were with d and e trichobothria (fig. 8) . 5 produced using a Leitz Wetzlar stereomicro- – Pedipalp femur with one macroseta associated scope and camera lucida. Measurements, with d and e trichobothria (fig. 9) . 6 taken using an ocular micrometer, are re- 5. Metasomal segments I–IV, ventral surface with pair of VSM stripes; segment V, androvesti- corded in millimeters. Hemispermatophores gia (male) very large, occupying .50% of were dissected from surrounding tissues dorsal surface (fig. 4) . and observed in 80% ethanol. Distribution . Brachistosternus (L.) chango, n.sp. maps were generated using ArcMap 9.0 – Metasomal segments I–IV, ventral surface with (Enviromental Systems Research Institute single VM stripe; segment V, androvestigia [ESRI], Redlands, California), by superimpos- medium-sized, occupying ,50% of dorsal ing the point locality records of species on surface (fig. 46) . coverages depicting the political boundaries ...........Brachistosternus (L.) artigasi and topography of Chile. The topographic 6. Metasomal segment V, VM carina conspicu- ously elevated, extending entire length of coverage was generated from a digital eleva- segment; androvestigia very large, occupying tion model file (1 arc degree resolution) from .50% of dorsal surface; hemispermatophore, the United States Geological
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