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Studies in Medieval Jewish Intellectual and Social History Supplements to the Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy Studies in Medieval Jewish Intellectual and Social History Supplements to The Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy Edited by Elliot R. Wolfson (New York University) Christian Wiese (University of Frankfurt) Hartwig Wiedebach (University of Zurich) VOLUME 15 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/sjjt Robert Chazan Studies in Medieval Jewish Intellectual and Social History Festschrift in Honor of Robert Chazan Edited by David Engel Lawrence H. Schiffman Elliot R. Wolfson Managing Editor Yechiel Y. Schur LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Studies in medieval Jewish intellectual and social history : festschrift in honor of Robert Chazan / edited by David Engel, Lawrence Schiffmann, Elliot Wolfson. p. cm. — (Supplements to the Journal of Jewish thought and philosophy, ISSN 1873-9008 ; v. 15) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-90-04-22233-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Jews—Europe—History—To 1500. 2. Christianity and other religions—Judaism—History. 3. Judaism—Relations—Christianity— History. 4. Europe—Ethnic relations—History—To 1500. 5. Rashi, 1040–1105. Perush Rashi ‘al ha-Torah. 6. Tosafists. 7. Martyrdom—Judaism. 8. Jewish law. I. Chazan, Robert. II. Engel, David. III. Schiffman, Lawrence H. IV. Wolfson, Elliot R. DS135.E81S78 2012 296.09’02—dc23 2011041579 ISSN 1873-9008 ISBN 978 90 04 22233 5 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 22236 6 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS List of Contributors .......................................................................... vii Robert Chazan: In Appreciation and Friendship ...................... 1 David Engel, Lawrence H. Schiffman, and Elliot R. Wolfson Guibert of Nogent and William of Flay and the Problem of Jewish Conversion at the Time of the First Crusade ............. 9 Anna Sapir Abulafia Rashi’s Choice: The Humash Commentary As Rewritten Midrash .......................................................................................... 29 Ivan G. Marcus The Commentary of Rashi on Isaiah and the Jewish-Christian Debate ............................................................................................. 47 Avraham Grossman Were Jews Made in the Image of God? Christian Perspectives and Jewish Existence in Medieval Europe ................................. 63 Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak Jewish Knowledge of Christianity in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries .................................................................... 97 Daniel J. Lasker Dreams As a Determinant of Jewish Law and Practice in Northern Europe during the High Middle Ages .................... 111 Ephraim Kanarfogel Orality and Literacy: The French Tosaphists ............................... 145 Gérard Nahon Torah and the Messianic Age: The Polemical and Exegetical History of a Rabbinic Text ......................................................... 169 David Berger vi contents Textual Flesh, Incarnation, and the Imaginal Body: Abraham Abulafia’s Polemic with Christianity ...................... 189 Elliot R. Wolfson The Jewish Cemeteries of France after the Expulsion of 1306 ............................................................................................ 227 William Chester Jordan The Cruel Jewish Father: From Miracle to Murder .................... 245 Kenneth Stow From Solomon Bar Samson to Solomon Ibn Verga: Tales and Ideas of Jewish Martyrdom in Shevet Yehudah .............. 279 Jeremy Cohen Salo Baron’s View of the Middle Ages in Jewish History: Early Sources ................................................................................. 299 David Engel Bibliography of the Works of Robert Chazan ............................. 317 Yechiel Y. Schur Index ................................................................................................... 327 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak, Professor of History at New York University, has published extensively on medieval seals as conceptual tools, markers of identity, and social agents, including Form as Order in Medieval France (Aldershot, 1993), and When Ego was Imago. Signs of Identity in the Middle Ages (Brill, 2010). David Berger is Ruth and I. Lewis Gordon Professor of Jewish History and Dean at the Bernard Revel Graduate School of Yeshiva University. His publications include The Jewish-Christian Debate in the High Mid- dle Ages (Jewish Publication Society, 1978) and two recent collections of essays: Persecution, Polemic and Dialogue: Essays in Jewish-Christian Relations (Academic Studies Press, 2010) and Cultures in Collision and Conversation: Essays in the Intellectual History of the Jews (Academic Studies Press, 2011). Jeremy Cohen holds the Abraham and Edita Spiegel Family Foundation Chair for European Jewish History at Tel Aviv University. His books include: Living Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Chris- tianity (University of California Press, 1999), Sanctifying the Name of God: Jewish Martyrs and Jewish Memories of the First Crusade (Univer- sity of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), and Christ Killers: The Jews and the Passion from Bible to the Big Screen (Oxford University Press, 2007). David Engel is Greenberg Professor of Holocaust Studies, Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, and Professor of History at New York University. He studies Modern Jewish history and historiography with particular focus on Eastern Europe and the Holocaust. His publica- tions include Facing a Holocaust: The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Jews, 1943–1945 (University of North Carolina Press, 1993), The Holocaust: The Third Reich and the Jews (Longman, 2000), and Histo- rians of the Jews and the Holocaust (Stanford University Press, 2010). Avraham Grossman is Professor Emeritus of Jewish History at the Hebrew University. His research focuses on the history of the Jews in the Middle Ages, especially in the Muslim Caliphate and in Germany viii list of contributors and France until the thirteenth century. Among his publications are The Early Sages of Ashkenaz: Their Lives, Leadership and Works (The Magnes Press,1981), The Early Sages of France (The Magnes Press, 1995), and Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe (Brandeis University Press, 2004). William Chester Jordan is Dayton-Stockton Professor and Chair of the Department of History at Princeton University. He has published widely on medieval Jewish-Christian relations and is the author of The French Monarch and the Jews from Philip Augustus to the Last Cape- tians (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989). Ephraim Kanarfogel is the E. Billi Ivry Professor of Jewish History at Yeshiva University. His two most recent books are Jewish Education and Society in the High Middle Ages (Wayne State University Press, 2007), and The Intellectual History and Rabbinic Culture of Medieval Ashkenaz: New Perspectives (Wayne State University Press, 2012). Daniel J. Lasker is the Norbert Blechner Professor of Jewish Values in the Goldstein-Goren Department of Jewish Thought at Israel’s Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. His areas of interest are medi- eval Jewish philosophy, the Jewish-Christian debate, Karaism, and selected issues in Jewish theology and law. His latest book is From Judah Hadassi to Elijah Bashyatchi: Studies in Late Medieval Karaite Philosophy (Brill, 2008). Ivan G. Marcus is the Frederick P. Rose Professor of Jewish History, Professor of History and of Religious Studies, Yale University. He works on medieval and early modern Jewish history and is the author of Piety and Society: The Jewish Pietists of medieval Germany (Brill, 1981), Rituals of Childhood: Jewish Acculturation in Medieval Europe (Yale University Press, 1996), and The Jewish Life Cycle (University of Washington Press, 2004). Gérard Nahon is professor emeritus at the École Pratique des Hautes Études in Paris, France. Since 1980 he is Director of the Collection de la Revue des Etudes Juives. He has published mainly on medieval and modern French Jewry. His publications include Inscriptions hébraïques et juives de France médiévale (Belles Lettres, 1986), Juifs et judaïsme à Bordeaux (Mollat, 2003), and La terre sainte au temps des kabbalistes: 1492–1592 (A. Michel, 1997). list of contributors ix Anna Sapir Abulafia is a Fellow and College Lecturer in History at Lucy Cavendish College at the University of Cambridge. She has published widely on the medieval Christian-Jewish debate and her books include Christians and Jews in the Twelfth-Century Renaissance (Routledge, 1995), Christians and Jews in Dispute (Ashgate, 1998) and Christian-Jewish Relations, 1000–1300 (Longman, 2011). Lawrence H. Schiffman is Ethel and Irvin A. Edelman Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at New York University. He studies ancient Judaism with special focus on the Dead Sea Scrolls. His publications
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