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The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899-1902

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The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899-1902 96 TEE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA CHAPTEE IV THE ADVANCE OF THE MAIN ARMY TO PRETORIA Preliminary BEFORE the central column started towards Pretoria, a few preliminary manoeuvres were necessary at the end of April to°be mad*e by Tucker in order to bring the whole of the main army into line. too far HMonton on Hamilton was south at Thaba 'Nchu, and two 30th April, of the brigades allotted to him, Broadwood's and Bruce 1900 Hamilton's, were still with Tucker in the neighbourhood of Krantz Kraal. At the same time Lord Eoberts wished to keep open his communications with Ian Hamilton by clearing the Boers from the hills south-east of Karee Siding. Orders were accordingly issued for the first moves to be made on April 30 by Ian Hamilton and Tucker. Ian Hamilton was to move north from Thaba 'Nchu past Houtnek, halt at Jacobsrust for Bruce Hamilton and Broad- wood to join him, and make his way to Winburg by the 3rd. Lord Eoberts seems to have issued these orders in ignorance of the fact that Philip Botha had massed most of his men at Houtnek, as he informed Ian Hamilton that he would reach Jacobsrust without much opposition. Tucker, on the same day, was to clear the ridges north of Krantzkraal between Glen Siding and Houtnek, and help Bruce Hamilton and Broadwood on their way to join Ian Hamilton. Ian Hamilton Early on the morning of the 30th April Ian Hamilton s^'^^t®^ out from Thaba 'Nchu with his mounted infantry JacotsrTst.'^^ brigade,* Smith-Dorrien's brigade, " P " Battery and the 74th * Brigadier-General Ridley was on the sick list from April 29th till May 30th, so Colonel Dawson (5th M.I. Corps) commanded the brigade during that period, leaving Major Lean in temporary charge of his corps. ADVANCE OF MAIN ARMY TO PRETORIA 97 Battery, which he had borrowed from General Eundle.* This force was none too large for the advance through Houtnek. For ten miles the road north of Thaba 'Nchu is flanked on the east by a line of ridges ; these ridges then curve round westward and end abruptly in the imposing mass of Toba Mountain. One road passes over the ridges where they Philip join the mountain, another a little further east at Houtnek. pos*tions^^^" Botha had a gun and a pom-pom concealed in the pass where at Houtnek the more westerly road crosses the ridges, and two more j||^u^tain. guns further east ; most of his men were placed in this pass and on each side of Houtnek, but the ridges almost as far south as Thaba 'Nchu were also held. On Toba itself there were at first only a few of the foreign legion under Commandant Blignaut. Ian Hamilton's column, with its long line of transport, Hamilton's allowed to proceed without much molestation until about was ui!.^™pir^t^^ 9 o'clock the mounted infantry of the advance and right proceedings flank guard had crossed the Koranna Spruit seven miles from Thaba 'Nchu. They were then brought to a standstill by an outburst of rifle fire. The General was some way behind, but the corps commanders of the mounted infantry rapidly made their dispositions. Bainbridge wheeled his corps to the right to hold the Boers on the eastern ridges, De Lisle galloped up with his corps and "P" Battery to a ridge about 2,000 yards south of the pass, while Legge took ground on the left with his own corps and the 5th in support, sending Kitchener's Horse forward to attack Toba Mountain. About 10.30 the infantry and the 74th Battery arrived, and the convoy was outspanned and parked just north of Koranna Spruit, under cover of Bainbridge's mounted infantry. To Ian Hamilton it soon appeared that the approach to Ian Hamilton the pass was too exposed for a frontal attack, and that the attackVoba eastern ridges were unpromising for a turning movement. Mountain, whereas Toba Mountain commanded the road and seemed * Ian Hamilton was never able to return this battery to Rundle, so Eundle's brigade division of the 74th, 77th and 79th Batteries, under Colonel Pratt, v?as broken up and Rundle received the 2nd Battery in VOL. IV. H 98 THE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA to be lightly held. Accordingly he sent the Gordons, under Colonel Macbean, and two companies of the Shropshires to reinforce Kitchener's Horse on the mountain. At the same time he kept the rest of the Shropshires, with part of De Lisle's corps and his two batteries, on the ridge facing the pass, so as to occupy the enemy in front ; the rest of De Lisle's corps was spread out on his right fiank towards Houtnek. The Canadian Eegiment were held in reserve, and the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry were left as guard to the transport. Attack on The infantry and Kitchener's Horse found no great Toba Moun- difficulty in clearing the lower slopes of the mountain. But tain checked. when they tried to advance from the first plateau to the crests rising out of it they could make no headway against the well- aimed fire of the defenders, securely posted behind the natural cover of the rocks. The Boers had the further advantage that their guns in the pass were able to sweep the south- eastern approach to the mountain by which reinforcements from the Canadian Eegiment were sent up during the day. Gallantry of During a lull in the attack a counter-attack was, how- small detach- ever, most successfully repelled by Captain Towse and a ment under Captain small detachment of the Gordons and Kitchener's Horse, Towse. numbering thirteen in all, who were somewhat in advance of the rest of their comrades. About 150 foreigners of Blignaut's command, under Colonel Maximoff, a Eussian, were sent from the pass to reinforce their friends holding the crests. As they came over the plateau they saw Captain Towse's party and bore down upon them with the intention of surrounding them. The whole movement was visible from the English position in the plain below, but the foreigners advanced so steadily and in such good alignment that they were taken to be a party of British soldiers. Captain Towse, who was moving forward at the time, did not see them till they were within hailing distance, when Maximoff called upon him to surrender. Hastily getting his men under cover of some stones. Captain Towse answered by a volley at point-blank range ; at this point the English gunners below realised the position. Luckily they had the range, and were able to help Captain Towse's little band by pouring shrapnel into Colonel ADVANCE OF MAIN ABMY TO PRETORIA 99 Maximoff s ranks. The party of thirteen held their ground, answering volley for volley, and though seven of them were killed or wounded, with the assistance of the guns they drove their assailants off into the cover of the rocks beliind. Maximoff was wounded by a shot from Captain Towse, but Captain Towse himself paid dearly for his gallantry and for the V.C., which rewarded it, by a bullet which took away the sight of both his eyes.* It was indeed fortunate that the Boers made no more By the even- counter-attack Maximoff's : this serious than on as on many ^Apr°/3o similar occasions they seemed to lack the necessary initiative Ian Hamilton or readiness to turn to advantage the superior tactical notWng.^*^ position in which they were placed. For at night-time they still held the crest of Toba Mountain, their centre and left flank was as forbidding as ever, and they had even worked round so as to threaten the right rear of the British column. Under these circumstances Ian Hamilton thought it advis- able to ask General French for assistance to enable him to push forward in time, and he kept all his troops in the positions they had gained during the day. General French, who was at Thaba 'Nchu, received the French sends request telegram at p.m., and at once directed the 4th by 8 ments^'^^' (Dickson's) Cavalry Brigade, accompanied by " " Battery E.H.A., to support General Hamilton next morning. The 2nd Battalion East Yorkshire Regiment, with the 2nd Field Battery E.A. from Bundle's division, were also directed to march from Thaba 'Nchu as early as possible on the morning of May 1, and assist in the attack on Houtnek ; while General Gordon, who was with the 3rd Cavalry Brigade at Israel's Poort, was to send two squadrons with two guns of " R" Battery K.H.A. to threaten the south and south-west of Toba Mountain. By 9 o'clock on the morning of May 1 these reinforce- which arrive °^ ments had arrived and afforded sensible relief to Ian Hamilton. By the arrival of the East Yorks Bainbridge's M.I., who were holding the right rear, were set free to advance against the Boer left ; the 8th Hussars, in co-opera- tion with two squadrons of Lancers from the 3rd Brigade, * See vol. ii., p. 412, H 2 100 THE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA were sent on a turning movement round Toba ; and the rest of General Dickson's brigade were kept in the rear at Bultfontein HilL The Boers Meanwhile the Boers, during the night, in accordance retreat and with their peculiar and fatal custom, had retired to their leave the way open laager behind the pass instead of strengthening their positions.
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