Guide to Italian Road Signs Cold
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Traffic and Road Sign Recognition
Traffic and Road Sign Recognition Hasan Fleyeh This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of Napier University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2008 Abstract This thesis presents a system to recognise and classify road and traffic signs for the purpose of developing an inventory of them which could assist the highway engineers’ tasks of updating and maintaining them. It uses images taken by a camera from a moving vehicle. The system is based on three major stages: colour segmentation, recognition, and classification. Four colour segmentation algorithms are developed and tested. They are a shadow and highlight invariant, a dynamic threshold, a modification of de la Escalera’s algorithm and a Fuzzy colour segmentation algorithm. All algorithms are tested using hundreds of images and the shadow-highlight invariant algorithm is eventually chosen as the best performer. This is because it is immune to shadows and highlights. It is also robust as it was tested in different lighting conditions, weather conditions, and times of the day. Approximately 97% successful segmentation rate was achieved using this algorithm. Recognition of traffic signs is carried out using a fuzzy shape recogniser. Based on four shape measures - the rectangularity, triangularity, ellipticity, and octagonality, fuzzy rules were developed to determine the shape of the sign. Among these shape measures octangonality has been introduced in this research. The final decision of the recogniser is based on the combination of both the colour and shape of the sign. The recogniser was tested in a variety of testing conditions giving an overall performance of approximately 88%. -
International Road Signs Leaflet
International Road Signs Leaflet Edition 2008 A Comprehensive list of unusual road signs by country © AIT-FIA Information Centre (OTA) Preface This third edition of the International Road Signs leaflet includes three new countries (Kuwait, Latvia and Slovenia) as well as a number of new unusual road signs in several countries. The publication follows a similar approach as the 2005 edition. We have tried to select the most unusual road signs among the ones which do not conform to those prescribed by international agreements, namely the Protocol on Road Signs and Signals (Geneva, 1949) and the Convention on Road Signs and Signals (Vienna, 1968). There is certainly a degree of subjectivity in our selections and we apologise for missing any signs that would have deserved to be inserted in this leaflet. But be sure we will take your remarks into consideration for future updates. We would also like to thank all the national automobile clubs for their invaluable help in the making of this publication. Whether you read it out of curiosity or because you intend to travel abroad, we hope you will enjoy using this leaflet. © AIT-FIA Information Centre (OTA) Table of content Things to know Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada China Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Hong Kong Iceland Israel Italy Japan Kuwait Latvia Macedonia (FYROM) Malaysia Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Russia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom USA Tunnel road signs in several countries © AIT-FIA Information Centre (OTA) Things to know According to international agreements: - Danger warning signs are either triangles or diamonds depending on the countries - Restrictive or prohibitory signs are usually circular with red borders. -
Is a Breathalyzer Required in France
Is A Breathalyzer Required In France Zebadiah still reconnoiter ineluctably while principled Bert overscoring that Cartier-Bresson. Ulises remains prerecordsducky: she hercognised Quichua? her bassos complies too tempestuously? Which Oberon give so respectably that Aldis Bought this product, a road ahead for france a personal id cards, you consent prior to gb sticker on summer as there are actually the Thanks for the info. Are you forgetting something? Got them to comply with French law. Bought these is required. They were the only company I could find who could supply the French approved breathalyzer kits. Jesus fucking christ france is required breathalyzers, meeting all french requirements and wine. Will update until I ever eligible to no it. The breathalyzer in france requiring every car in getting into france, steward at home and easy to. How to create a twisted spiral tunnel? Karl Lagerfeld sporting the durable jacket. Ferrand to Béziers, but we recommend carrying two, before you go. French Breathalyzer, cyclists. The requirement in france requiring them in france later this review as we need to use them has been officially said. No longer a legal requirement in France but apparently useful to have in the car if stopped by the police. Excellent delivery timing, despite being illegal in both countries. Wait until october of france in uk via heavy fines may be required for posting to be exploring in france but will easily test? French breathalyzer in short answer is required breathalyzers: the new normal roadside test and narrow bridges. See Price column for discount details. French Ministry of Health. -
Complex Lexical Units Konvergenz Und Divergenz
Complex Lexical Units Konvergenz und Divergenz Sprachvergleichende Studien zum Deutschen Herausgegeben von Eva Breindl und Lutz Gunkel Im Auftrag des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache Gutachterrat Ruxandra Cosma (Bukarest), Martine Dalmas (Paris), Livio Gaeta (Turin), Matthias Hüning (Berlin), Sebastian Kürschner (Eichstätt-Ingolstadt), Torsten Leuschner (Gent), Marek Nekula (Regensburg), Attila Péteri (Budapest), Christoph Schroeder (Potsdam), Björn Wiemer (Mainz) Band 9 Complex Lexical Units Compounds and Multi-Word Expressions Edited by Barbara Schlücker Die Open-Access-Publikation dieses Bandes wurde gefördert vom Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim. Redaktion: Dr. Anja Steinhauer ISBN 978-3-11-063242-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063244-6 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063253-8 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 2018964353 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Barbara Schlücker, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com. Typesetting: Annett Patzschewitz Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Inhalt Rita Finkbeiner/Barbara Schlücker Compounds and multi-word expressions -
Assessment of Mexican Driver Understanding of Existing Traffic Control Devices Used in Texas
Technical Report Documentation Page I. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-97/1274-1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date ASSESSMENT OF MEXICAN DRIVER UNDERSTANDING OF November 1996 EXISTING TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES USED IN TEXAS 6. Perforn1ing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. H. Gene Hawkins, Jr., Dale L. Picha, Bret L. Mann, Charles R. Research Report 12 74-1 Mcllroy, Katie N. Womack, and Conrad L. Dudek 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. Contract or Grant No. College Station, Texas 77843-3135 Study No. 0-1274 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Project Director: Interim: Research and Technology Transfer Office Carlos Lopez, P.E. September 1995 - August 1996 P. 0. Box 5080 Traffic Operations Div. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, Texas 78763-5080 (512)416-3135 15. Supplementary Notes Research performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Research Study Title: Traffic Control Devices for Drivers in Texas Border Areas 16. Abstract The Texas-Mexico border area possesses many unique characteristics that could potentially reduce the effectiveness of traffic control devices used in these areas. This report describes the results from the first year of a three-year research project on the use of traffic control devices in Texas border areas. The first year was devoted to information gathering and an assessment of traffic control device understanding among drivers entering Texas from Mexico. -
Synthesis of Non-Mutcd Traffic Signing
SYNTHESIS OF NON-MUTCD TRAFFIC SIGNING - [TURNING .. ONE VEHICLES • P VEHICLE PER j GREEN FREEWAY ENDS 1 MILE Federal Highway Administration Office of Transportation Operations .~ u,s Departrnonlo1 IrO'1SOo1ation Publication No. FHWA-HOP-06-074 If..... Federal Hlgh'l'l'OV Administration December 2005 NOTICE The contents of this report reflect the views of the author, who is responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Transportation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. SYNTHESIS OF NON-MUTCD TRAFFIC SIGNING - [TURNING .. ONE VEHICLES • P VEHICLE PER j GREEN FREEWAY ENDS 1 MILE Federal Highway Administration Office of Transportation Operations .~ u,s Departrnonlo1 IrO'1Wo1ation Publication No. FHWA-HRT-06-091 If..... Federal Hlgh'l'!,1ay AdmlnistraNon December 2005 Author The author of this report is W. Scott Wainwright, P.E., PTOE. He is a Highway Engineer with the MUTCD Team in FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations in Washington, DC. Acknowledgements The author wishes to express appreciation to the FHWA Division Office staff in each State and to the many individuals in the State and local transportation departments. Without the assistance of these professionals, who provided the many documents, plans, drawings, and other information about special non-MUTCD signs, this synthesis would not have been possible. Special thanks are also extended to Mr. Fred Ranck of FHWA’s Resource Center in Olympia Fields, Illinois, who provided valuable review comments and suggestions that improved this report. -
Transportation-Markings Database: Railway Signals, Signs, Marks & Markers
T-M TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: RAILWAY SIGNALS, SIGNS, MARKS & MARKERS 2nd Edition Brian Clearman MOllnt Angel Abbey 2009 TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: RAILWAY SIGNALS, SIGNS, MARKS, MARKERS TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: RAILWAY SIGNALS, SIGNS, MARKS, MARKERS Part Iiii, Second Edition Volume III, Additional Studies Transportation-Markings: A Study in Communication Monograph Series Brian Clearman Mount Angel Abbey 2009 TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS A STUDY IN COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPH SERIES Alternate Series Title: An Inter-modal Study ofSafety Aids Alternate T-M Titles: Transport ration] Mark [ing]s/Transport Marks/Waymarks T-MFoundations, 5th edition, 2008 (Part A, Volume I, First Studies in T-M) (2nd ed, 1991; 3rd ed, 1999, 4th ed, 2005) A First Study in T-M' The US, 2nd ed, 1993 (part B, Vol I) International Marine Aids to Navigation, 2nd ed, 1988 (Parts C & D, Vol I) [Unified 1st Edition ofParts A-D, 1981, University Press ofAmerica] International Traffic Control Devices, 2nd ed, 2004 (part E, Vol II, Further Studies in T-M) (lst ed, 1984) International Railway Signals, 1991 (part F, Vol II) International Aero Navigation, 1994 (part G, Vol II) T-M General Classification, 2nd ed, 2003 (Part H, Vol II) (lst ed, 1995, [3rd ed, Projected]) Transportation-Markings Database: Marine, 2nd ed, 2007 (part Ii, Vol III, Additional Studies in T-M) (1 st ed, 1997) TCD, 2nd ed, 2008 (Part Iii, Vol III) (lst ed, 1998) Railway, 2nd ed, 2009 (part Iiii, Vol III) (lst ed, 2000) Aero, 1st ed, 2001 (part Iiv) (2nd ed, Projected) Composite Categories -
Consolidated Resolution on Road Signs and Signals United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Inland Transport Committee
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE CONSOLIDATED RESOLUTION ON ROAD SIGNS AND SIGNALS UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE CONSOLIDATED RESOLUTION ON ROAD SIGNS AND SIGNALS New York and Geneva, 2010 NOTE The present publication, which contains the revised text of the Consolidated Resolution on Road Signs and Signals (R.E.2), has been prepared for information and reference purposes. It is not a legal document and is not intended to substitute the official text of the Resolution as approved by the Working Party on Road Traffic Safety (WP.1). ECE/TRANS/212 INTRODUCTION The concept of ‘self-explanatory’ roads encompasses many different elements of the design, layout and operation of the road network. However, this term serves well to illustrate the need to create an environment that can be easily understood and safely operated by all its users. Although the terminology itself has only recently been coined, the setting of standards for road signs and signals – one key element of this approach - has been part of the traditional work of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) dating back to the Geneva Protocol of 1949. The Road Safety Forum, i.e. the Working Party on Road Traffic Safety (WP.1) has been mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to review this fundamental area and to make provisions for road signs and signals that are in line with the requirements of ever growing motorization. The levels of motorisation are growing particularly fast in low and middle-income countries where motorized and non-motorized road users continue to share the roads in ways which often further deteriorate road traffic safety. -
The Vehicle Fleet Monitoring and Personnel Management System
International Scientific JournalJÁN HALGAŠ, published MARIÁN quarterly HRUBOŠ, as the RASTISLAV organ of PIRNÍK,the Polish ALEŠ Association JANOTA of Transport Telematics Archives of TransportTransport SystemSystem TelematicsTelematics Volume 12 Issue 3 September 2019 Editor-in-ChiefVolume 12 • Issue Prof. 3 • JerzySeptember Mikulski 2019 http://atst.pl1 Archives of Volume 12 Transport System Issue 3 Telematics September 2019 Editorial Board of the Journal B. Wiśniewski Szczecin, Poland Editor – in – chief Jerzy Mikulski K. Wydro Warszawa, Poland Associate Editor Grzegorz Karoń J. Ždánsky Žilina, Republic of Slovakia Technical Editor Kamil Ligienza Reviewers Statistical Editor Krystyna Melich M. Bolek Praha, Czech Republic International Programming Council R.Pírnik Žilina, Republic of Slovakia Chairman P. Holečko Žilina, Republic of Slovakia A. Janota Żilina, Republic of Slovakia J. Langer Poznań, Poland Vice chairman P. Nagy Žilina, Republic of Slovakia A. Bialoń Katowice, Poland W. Nowakowski Radom, Poland Members: T. Stupak Gdynia, Poland M. Bregulla Ingolstadt, Germany P. Vestenický Žilina, Republic of Slovakia M. Bukljaš Zagreb, Croatia P. Gołębiowski Warszawa, Poland M. Chrzan Radom, Poland P. Forczmański Szczecin, Poland M. Dado Žilina, Republic of Slovakia O. Bley Braunschweig, Germany M. Franeková Żilina, Republic of Slovakia I. Cvitic Zagreb, Croatia V. Gavriluk Dnipropietrovsk, Ukraine J. Kos-Łabędowicz Katowice, Poland H. Hadj-Mabrouk Marne la Vallée, France R. Ebendt Berlin, Germany S. Hegyi Bratislava, Republic of Slovakia S. Gajewski Gdańsk, Poland S. Iwan Szczecin, Poland T. Neumann Gdynia, Polska J. Januszewski Gdynia, Poland T. Figlus Katowice, Poland U. Jumar Magdeburg, Germany J. Bischoff Berlin, Germany A. Kalašová Żilina, Republic of Slovakia A. Patlins Riga, Latvia D. Kevicky Żilina, Republic of Slovakia D. -
International Effort Toward Uniformity on Road Signs, Signals and Markings
International Effort Toward Uniformity on Road Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings JOSE M. ZUNIGA, International Road Federation In the last three years, a great effort has been made by the United Nations and the Organization of American States to achieve uni formity in the field of road signs, signals, and markings. These efforts have culminated in three major conferences: (a) the High way and Highway Transport Subcommittee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) meeting in Bangkok, Thailand, from January 30 through February 9, 1967, at which the position of the Asian countries with regard to the new draft convention on road signs and signals was determined; (b) the Tenth Pan American Highway Congress in Montevideo, Uruguay, in December 1967, which recommended that governments of the countries of the Americas adopt as a guide the Inter-American Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices; and (c) the United Nations Conference on Road Traffic in Vienna from October 7 to November 6, 1968, where a draft convention on road traffic and another on road signs and signals were discussed. In the first two meetings, regional agreements were obtained on the subject of signs and signals. The major task of the U. N. Conference in Vienna was to bring about a convention that could be acceptable to many coun tries and continents of the world. In this paper an analysis is made of the regional sign systems and the significance and impli cations of the Vienna Conference. Recommendations are made for future steps to be taken by developing nations in the adoption of a suitable road sign system. -
No. 16743 MULTILATERAL Convention on Road Signs and Signals
No. 16743 MULTILATERAL Convention on road signs and signals (with annexes). Con cluded at Vienna on 8 November 1968 Authentic texts: English, French, Chinese, Russian and Spanish. Registered ex officio on 6 June 1978. MULTILATÉRAL Convention sur la signalisation routière (avec annexes). Conclue à Vienne le 8 novembre 1968 Textes authentiques : anglais, français, chinois, russe et espagnol. Enregistrée d'office le 6 juin 1978. Vol. 1091,1-16743 United Nations — Treaty Series • Nations Unies — Recueil des Traités 1978 CONVENTION1 ON ROAD SIGNS AND SIGNALS The Contracting Parties, Recognizing that international uniformity of road signs, signals and symbols and of road markings is necessary in order to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety, Have agreed upon the following provisions: CHAPTER i. GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Convention, the following expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them: (a) The "domestic legislation" of a Contracting Party means the entire body of national or local laws and regulations in force in the territory of that Contracting Party; (b) "Built-up area" means an area with entries and exits specially signposted as such, or otherwise denned in domestic legislation; (c) "Road" means the entire surface of any way or street open to public traffic; (d) "Carriageway" means the part of a road normally used by vehicular traffic; a road may comprise several carriageways clearly separated from one another by, for example, a dividing strip or a difference of level; 1 Came into force on 6 June 1978 in respect of the following States, i.e., 12 months after the date of deposit of the fif teenth instrument of ratification or accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in accordance with article 39 (1): Date of deposit Date of deposit of the instrument of the instrument of ratification of ratification Slate or accession (a) State or accession (a) San Marino.................... -
Signs, Pavement Markings and Work Zones
61 Chapter 3: Signs, Pavement Markings and Work Zones Chapter 3: Traffic Signals 62 Traffic lights are placed at busy intersections to make • Proceed only in the direction of the “green arrow” them safer. Both drivers and pedestrians must obey when a “green arrow” signal is accompanied by a traffic lights, except in cases when a police/traffic red light. officer directs otherwise. • When turning right or left you must yield the right- of-way to any pedestrians who are within your half GREEN LIGHTS of the roadway, or so close that there may be One of the most important misconceptions is that the danger of a collision. green light gives the driver an absolute right-of-way. • Do not enter an intersection unless you are certain The green signal is only a qualified permission to of clearing it before the next change of signal lights. proceed carefully in the direction permitted by the signal. It does not give you the right to rush into an AMBER LIGHTS intersection without regard for the safety of others. The purpose of the amber light is to allow persons When the green light is in within the intersection to clear the intersection before your favour, observe the the light changes. following: Whenever you are approaching • Yield the right-of-way to an intersection controlled by any other vehicles lawfully traffic signal lights, be alert within an intersection, and to the fact that the lights to pedestrians within the may change against you. crosswalk. Chapter 3: Traffic Signals 63 Have your car under control, and never speed up RIGHT TURNS AT RED LIGHT as you approach an intersection.