DOCSLIB.ORG

REPRODUCED from the ORIGINAL, PUBLISHED in JERUSALEM ( by the JEWISH AGENCY for PALESTINE, MARCH 1946 MEMORANDUM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
REPRODUCED from the ORIGINAL, PUBLISHED in JERUSALEM ( by the JEWISH AGENCY for PALESTINE, MARCH 1946 MEMORANDUM I REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL, PUBLISHED IN JERUSALEM ( BY THE JEWISH AGENCY fOR PALESTINE, MARCH 1946 MEMORANDUM SUBMITTED TO THE ANGLO-AMERICAN COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY by THE JEWISH AGENCY FOR PALESTINE Jerusalem, March 1946 THE JEWISH AGENCY FOR PALESTINE CONTENTS PACE INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER i: The International Recognition of Zionism 4 ii: The Historical Connection of the Jewish People with Palestine 5 iii: The Position of the Jews in the Diaspora 10 iv: The Rise of Modem Zionism 18 v: The Balfour Declaration and the Palestine Mandate 27 vi: The Breakdown of the Mandate 31 vii: Jewish Development under the MandatP. 38 viii: The White Paper and the War 41 ix: The Jewish Commonwealth 48 CONCLUSION 51 INTRODUCTION HE ISSUE which, in its broad framework, forms the subject of the present inquiry, is one upon which the T political tribunal of the world passed judgment twenty­ eight years ago. It is a problem of ancient origin. It sprang from the destruction of the Jewish State by Roman power and the consequent exile of the Jewish people from Palestine. It persisted through the centuries, everywhere affecting the rela­ tions between Jew and Gentile, creating· at all times conditions of malaise, and culminating, time after time, in mass expul­ sions and massacres. The background against which the present inquiry is set is but the latest phase of the homelessness of the Jewish people. If consideration of the problem is confined to the present plight of what is left of European Jewry, if that tragic experience is considered in vacuo, a historic opportunity will be missed for attacking the evil at its root. Realisation that the Jewish problem is deep-rooted in time and world-wide in scope is vital if the quest is to be for an enduring solution. 2. The Jewish people itself has never been in doubt as to the true solution. Faith in its ultimate restoration to its ancient home gave it strength to survive its tribulations. That faith has inspired a long chain of practical attempts to return. It stands. vindicated by the Jewish effort of reconstruction of the past sixty-five years. The energy released by contact with an­ cestral soil has transformed the vision into a creative reality. Zionist reconstruction in Palestine is to-day the most significant fact in Jewish life. 3. The true character of the Jewish problem was realised by leading democratic statesmen at the end of the first World War. It led them to the Zionist solution. The recognition of the right of the Jews to return to Palestine, there to re-establish their nationhood, was embodied in the new international order. 3 CHAPTER I THE INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF ZIONISM 4. On the 2nd November, 1917, the British Government issued the Balfour Declaration, by which it pledged itself to use its best endeavours to facilitate "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people." The Declaration was hailed by Jews throughout the world as the charter of their national restoration. It was endorsed by the French and Italian Governments and by the President of the United States. On the 25th April, 1920, the Supreme Council of the Allied and Associated Powers, at its meeting at San Remo, allotted the Mandate for Palestine to Great Britain with the express pro· viso that it was to be responsible for giving effect to the Balfour Declaration. In the Palestine Mandate, approved by the Coun­ cil of theLeague ofNations on the 24th July,1922, theBalfour Declaration was recited in full in the Preamble, which added that '"recognition has thereby been given to the historical con­ nection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country." The British Government was made responsible "for placing the country under such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish Na­ tional Home" and, with this end in view, was enjoined to "facilitate Jewish immigration" and "encourage... close settle­ ment by Jews on the land." The Mandate had previously been submitted to the United States Government, and on June 30th, 1922, a joint resolution in support of the policy was adopted by Congress. By the Anglo-American Convention of December 3rd, 1924, the United States adhered to the Mandate, which was not to be modified without its consent. 5. The policy of the Balfour Declaration was thus ratified by the fifty-one Member States of the League of Nations and by the United States. The Balfour Declaration, originally a defi­ nition of British policy, had evolved into what Mr. Churchill, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, described in the House of Commons on March 9th, 1922, as "a great world-wide pledge" which formed the basic condition upon which His Majesty's Government was entrusted with the Mandate for 4 Palestine. Speaking in the House of Lords on June 27th, 1923, the Colonial Secretary, the Duke of Devonshire, stated: "The Mandate is not merely a national obligation; it is an in· ternational obligation, and the Balfour Declaration was the basis on which we accepted from the Principal Allied Powers the posi· tion of mandatory power in Palestine." In a despatch dated October 4th, 1923, after quoting the Bal­ four Declaration, the Colonial Secretary went on to say: "It (the Declaration) formed an essential part of the conditions on which Great Britain accepted the Mandate for Palestine, and thus constituted an international obligation from which there can be no question of receding." (Cmd. 1989 (1923), p. 3, para. 2.) Two years later, at the seventh session of the Permanent Man· dates Commission, the Accredited British Representative said: "The Commission should remember that it was, after all, the Bal- · four Declaration which was the reason why the British Govern· ment was now administering Palestine". 6. The Balfour Declaration was conceived by its authors as an act of historic reparation. It was described in the Preamble to the Mandate as having given recognition to the historical connection of the Jewi~h people with Palestine. That attach· ment, with the cumulative weight of history behind it, has never beeu more alive than it is to-day. CHAPTER II THE HISTORICAL CONNECTION OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE WITH PALESTINE 7. The association of the Jewish people with the land of Pal­ estine is a unique historical phenomenon. The Jews were not the only people of the ancient East whose independence was crushed by the might of Imperial Rome. But no other nation paid so heavy a price for its loss of statehood. The Romans did not as a rule drive into exile the nations that fell under their sway. If the latter accepted the conquest and the political and spiritual implications of the "Pax Romana", they were allowed to stay in their land. The Jews, because of their deep· rooted monotheistic tradition, found themselves incapable of abandoning their "Law" and becoming immersed in the melt- S ing pot of the Roman-Hellenistic civilisation. The last phase of the Jewish Commonwealth was an almost uninterrupted chain of revolts against Roman rule. The great rising, known as the Judaean War, was, according to Roman records, one of the fiercest national struggles which the Roman Legions ever had to face. After a three years' bitter campaign, Jewish re­ sistance was overcome, Jerusalem reduced and destroyed, and the central sanctuary of the nation laid in ashes. Sixty years later the Jews rose again in a national insurrection led by Bar­ Kochba, and for three years defied the Roman forces. Over 1,000,000 Jews are said to have perished in the Judaean War, nearly 600,000 in Bar-Kochba's revolt. Jerusalem was tran~­ formed into a Roman colony, and the name of Judaea officially abolished. No Jew was allowed to live in the former capital nor even to visit it on pain of death. The Roman Governors ruthlessly exterminated all those suspected of complicity in past revolts or of potential leadership in future risings. Large numbers were compelled by political suppression and economic exhaustion to leave their native land. Tens of thousands W':;re sold into slavery. A considerable population, however, stub­ bornly clung to the ancestral soil, and for several centuries after the Destruction Jewish communities survived in town and country. 8. If the Jews paid for their stubborn monotheism and pas­ sionate nationalism with the loss of their country, it was that tenacity and the never dying hope of eventual return which on the other hand enabled them to maintain their national identity in exile. Before the dispersion began, the spiritual leaders had enshrined the Law and the memory of Zion so deeply in re­ ligious and institutional life that Palestine remained a living reality in the Jewish consciousness. 9. The "love of Zion" was not a mere sentimental attachment. In the theory and practice of Jewish law, as maintained with full rigour throughout the Diaspora, Palestine remained the national centre. In saying his prayers, the Jew, wherever fate had exiled him, turned to the Holy Mount of Moriah. Jewish liturgy was permeated with supplications for the gathering of the exiles and the rebuilding of Jerusalem "speedily in our days". At the midnight hour the devout Jew would rise, sit on 6 the floor, cover his head with ashes to mourn the destruction of Zion and pray for her redemption. The days of fasting and mourning of the Jewish calendar are nearly all memorials of national disasters in Palestine. "Next year in Jerusalem" is the hopeful note upon which conclude the solemn rituals of the Passover night and of the Day of Atonement.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jews on Route to Palestine 1934-1944. Sketches from the History of Aliyah
    JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 JAGIELLONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY Editor in chief Jan Jacek Bruski Vol. 1 Artur Patek JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 Sketches from the History of Aliyah Bet – Clandestine Jewish Immigration Jagiellonian University Press Th e publication of this volume was fi nanced by the Jagiellonian University in Krakow – Faculty of History REVIEWER Prof. Tomasz Gąsowski SERIES COVER LAYOUT Jan Jacek Bruski COVER DESIGN Agnieszka Winciorek Cover photography: Departure of Jews from Warsaw to Palestine, Railway Station, Warsaw 1937 [Courtesy of National Digital Archives (Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe) in Warsaw] Th is volume is an English version of a book originally published in Polish by the Avalon, publishing house in Krakow (Żydzi w drodze do Palestyny 1934–1944. Szkice z dziejów alji bet, nielegalnej imigracji żydowskiej, Krakow 2009) Translated from the Polish by Guy Russel Torr and Timothy Williams © Copyright by Artur Patek & Jagiellonian University Press First edition, Krakow 2012 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any eletronic, mechanical, or other means, now know or hereaft er invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers ISBN 978-83-233-3390-6 ISSN 2299-758X www.wuj.pl Jagiellonian University Press Editorial Offi ces: Michałowskiego St. 9/2, 31-126 Krakow Phone: +48 12 631 18 81, +48 12 631 18 82, Fax: +48 12 631 18 83 Distribution: Phone: +48 12 631 01 97, Fax: +48 12 631 01 98 Cell Phone: + 48 506 006 674, e-mail: [email protected] Bank: PEKAO SA, IBAN PL80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Contents Th e most important abbreviations and acronyms ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Like Museums, Videogames Aren't Neutral
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Institute for the Humanities Theses Institute for the Humanities Summer 2019 Harbored: Like Museums, Videogames Aren't Neutral Stephanie Hawthorne Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/humanities_etds Part of the European History Commons, Mass Communication Commons, Museum Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Hawthorne, Stephanie. "Harbored: Like Museums, Videogames Aren't Neutral" (2019). Master of Arts (MA), thesis, Humanities, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/176r-k992 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/humanities_etds/21 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for the Humanities at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for the Humanities Theses by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HARBORED: LIKE MUSEUMS, VIDEOGAMES AREN’T NEUTRAL by Stephanie Hawthorne B.A. May 2013, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HUMANITIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2019 Approved by: Kevin Moberly (Chair) Annette Finley-Croswhite (Member) Amy K. Milligan (Member) ABSTRACT HARBORED: LIKE MUSEUMS, VIDEOGAMES AREN’T NEUTRAL Stephanie Hawthorne Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. Kevin Moberly There are three primary components to be reviewed: (1) an essay (2) a videogame design document and (3) a prototype. The following essay is comprised of: (1) an analysis of scholarship and contemporary works regarding videogames and museums that demonstrate the theory and method behind this project, (2) research regarding an historic maritime event that will serve as the subject matter for the proposed videogame, and (3) a conclusion that summarizes the game design.
    [Show full text]
  • O Yishuv E O Holocausto: a Relação Entre O Proto-Estado Judeu E O Extermínio Dos Judeus Na Diáspora
    Revista Vértices No. 19 (2015) Departamento de Letras Orientais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo O YISHUV E O HOLOCAUSTO: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O PROTO-ESTADO JUDEU E O EXTERMÍNIO DOS JUDEUS NA DIÁSPORA THE YISHUV AND THE HOLOCAUST: THE RELATION BETWEEN THE PRE- STATE AND THE EXTERMINATION OF THE JEWS IN DIASPORA Thaily Viviane André1 Resumo Um dos temas mais polêmicos da história do Estado de Israel, até hoje, é o grau de ciência dos líderes do Yishuv, proto-Estado judeu na Palestina sob mandato britânico, a respeito da magnitude da destruição da comunidade judaica na Europa pela Alemanha nazista, e o quanto fizeram para salvar esses judeus. Este artigo tem por objetivo tentar responder a essas complexas questões, além de apresentar o debate historiográfico dos principais autores que se aprofundaram na temática. Palavras-chave: Yishuv; Holocausto; resgate; debate historiográfico. Abstract Until today, one of the most controversial themes of the State of Israel history is about how much the leaders of the Yishuv, the Jewish pre-State in Palestine under British mandate, really knew about the magnitude of the destruction of the Jewish community in Europe by the Nazi Germany, and how much effort they put in saving these Jews. This article tries to answer such complex questions and to present the historiographic debate of the main authors who deepened on the subject. Keywords: Yishuv; Holocaust; rescue; historiographic debate. 1 Mestranda em Estudos Judaicos pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Judaicos e Árabes da Universidade de São Paulo. E-mail: [email protected] 26 Revista Vértices No.
    [Show full text]
  • Reports of the Jewish Agency Executives Submitted to the Twenty-Second Zionist Congress at Basle, Excerpts Jewish Agency 1946
    REPORTS OF THE JEWISH AGENCY EXECUTIVES SUBMITTED TO THE TWENTY-SECOND ZIONIST CONGRESS AT BASLE, EXCERPTS JEWISH AGENCY 1946 POLITICAL DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION The period which has elapsed since the last Zionist Congress has been the most tragic in Jewish history. It has also been the most disastrous in the annals of modern Zionism. The last Congress met under the shadow of the Palestine White Paper of May, 1939. It broke up on the eve of the Second World War. Ominous anticipations filled the hearts of the delegates as they sped home, yet none could have foreseen the ghastly catastrophe that was to follow. In the course of a few years the bulk of European Jewry which, for fifteen centuries had been the principal center of Jewish life, was wiped out of existence. Entire communities with their ancient traditions, their synagogues, schools, colleges, libraries and communal institutions were destroyed overnight as by a tornado. A Satanic design to eradicate Jewish life for ever from the face of Europe led to the wholesale extermination of Jewish children. Of an estimated total of several million Jewish children on the continent of Europe before the War, only some tens of thousands are alive today. In this colossal tragedy, the Palestine white Paper played a significant part. It is not suggested that all the 6,000,000 Jews who were killed in Europe during the war could have been saved if there had been no White Paper, but there can be no doubt that many thousands of those who perished in the gas chambers of Poland would be alive today if immigration to Palestine had been regulated, as formerly, by the principle of the country’s absorptive capacity and had not been subjected to the arbitrary numerical restrictions imposed under the White Paper.
    [Show full text]
  • TURKISH DIPLOMACY, 1936-1945 a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts
    RUSSOPHOBIC NEUTRALITY: TURKISH DIPLOMACY, 1936-1945 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Onur Isci, M.A. Washington, DC February 27, 2014 Copyright 2014 by Onur Isci All Rights Reserved ii RUSSOPHOBIC NEUTRALITY: TURKISH DIPLOMACY, 1936-1945 Onur Isci, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Mustafa Aksakal, Ph.D ABSTRACT This dissertation tells the story of Soviet-Turkish rivalry during the crucible of World War II. By 1939, Turkey began fast reverting to its old imperial attitude, when Istanbul’s foreign policy had been dictated largely by the Sultan’s fear of Russia. The state of wartime affairs between Ankara and Moscow gradually fell in sharp contrast with the cordial atmosphere of the 1920s and 1930s. As opposed to previous historians who have dismissed Turkey’s wartime neutrality as a wily strategy of capitalizing on war, I argue that the underlying factor, guiding the Turkish state in its quest to remain neutral was the revival of Russophobia amongst the ruling circles in Ankara. There had never been a moment during the war for neither the Allies nor the Axis to depart Turkey from its neutrality unless some form of guarantee had soothed its Russian complex. A closer examination of the Turkish archives and the parliamentary minutes reveals that Turkey desired a German victory over Russia provided that this was followed by a British victory over Germany. In other words, Turks very much hoped to see another Brest-Litovsk status quo: two separate wars involving Germany, conducted independently by Britain and the USSR without cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Prace Komisji Środkowoeuropejskiej Pau
    PRACE KOMISJI ŚRODKOWOEUROPEJSKIEJ PAU POLSKA AKADEMIA UMIEJĘ TNOŚ CI WYDZIAŁ HISTORYCZNO-FILOZOFICZNY PRACE KOMISJI ŚRODKOWOEUROPEJSKIEJ PAU TOM XIX POD REDAKCJĄ JANA MACHNIKA i IRENY STAWOWY-KAWKI KRAKÓW 2011 Recenzent tomu: Andrzej Kastory Komitet Redakcyjny: Jerzy Wyrozumski, Krzysztof Baczkowski, Stanisław Grodziski, Antoni Furdal, Marek K. Kamiński, Mirosław Dymarski, Ewa Orlof, Andrzej Essen Redaktor tomu: Małgorzata Święch-Płonka Skład i łamanie: Tomasz Dębowski © Copyright by Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków 2011 Dystrybucja: PAU, ul. Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków e-mail: [email protected] www.pau.krakow.pl ISSN 1233-0558 Obj. ark. wyd. 8,05; ark. druk. 6,25; nakład 300 egz. Druk i oprawa: Poligrafi a Inspektoratu Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego Kraków, ul. Konfederacka 6 SPIS TREŚCI Antoni Furdal, Siedem dylematów wielokulturowości ................... 7 Ilona Czamań s k a, Dylematy kulturowe Europy Południowo-Wschodniej ......... 15 Lilla Moroz-Grzelak, Paradygmat jedności etnicznej w tekstach Józefa Mestwina Musiałka oraz w dokumentach Komitetu Słowiańskiego. Powroty wizji wspólnoty słowiańskiej ....................................... 31 Włodzimierz Mokry, Program Jerzego Giedroycia aktualny na Ukrainie i w Rosji. W 10. rocznicę śmierci Redaktora „Kultury” paryskiej ................ 45 Zbigniew G r e ń, Tożsamość na pograniczu blisko spokrewnionych etnosów – przypadek w trójkącie polsko-czesko-słowackim ......................... 57 Artur Patek, Wokół zatonięcia statku „Struma” (Morze Czarne, luty 1942 r.) ...... 73 Jędrzej Paszkiewicz, Rola klientelizmu w ewolucji greckiego systemu politycznego (do 1974 r.) ....................................... 87 POLSKA AKADEMIA UMIEJĘ TNOŚ CI TOM XIX PRACE KOMISJI ŚRODKOWOEUROPEJSKIEJ PAU 2011 ANTONI FURDAL SIEDEM DYLEMATÓW WIELOKULTUROWOŚCI Wielokulturowość, rozumiana najogólniej jako istnienie obok siebie różnych kultur, jest zjawiskiem społecznym sięgającym najdawniejszych czasów. Pojęciem obecnym w humanistyce stała się jednak dopiero w ostatnich latach. Odpowiedniego terminu brak nawet w wydanej w r.
    [Show full text]
  • Bystanders, Rescuers Or Perpetrators? B Ystan D Ers, R Escu Ers O R P Erp Etrato Rs? IH RA
    O C A U The volume Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? The Neutral H O L S T L E A C IHRA N O Countries and the Shoah offers a trans-national, comparative N I T A A I N R L perspective on the varied reactions of the neutral countries to the E T L N I A Nazi persecution and murder of the European Jews. It examines R E E M C E M B R A N the often ambivalent policies of these states towards Jewish refugees as well as towards their own Jewish nationals living in International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) German-occupied countries. By breaking down persistent myths, this volume contributes to a more nuanced understanding of an Bystanders, Rescuers under-researched chapter of Holocaust history and also considers the challenges and opportunities related to Holocaust education or Perpetrators? and remembrance in the neutral countries. The Neutral Countries and the Shoah Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? Perpetrators? or Rescuers Bystanders, Shoah the and Countries Neutral The ISBN: 978-3-86331-287-9 9 783863 312879 us_ihra_bystanders_fahne.indd 1 03.03.2016 17:17:48 Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 1 25.02.2016 21:22:21 IHRA series, vol. 2 ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 2 25.02.2016 21:22:21 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? The Neutral Countries and the Shoah Editors: Corry Guttstadt (Project Coordinator) Thomas Lutz (Topography of Terror Foundation, Berlin) Bernd Rother (Willy Brandt Foundation, Berlin) Yessica San Román (Centro Sefarad-Israel, Madrid) O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 3 25.02.2016 21:22:21 ISBN: 978-3-86331-287-9 © 2016 Metropol Verlag & IHRA Ansbacher Straße 70 D-10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 4 25.02.2016 21:22:22 Contents Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust .
    [Show full text]
  • April Layout 1
    Vol. 38-No. 4 ISSN 0892-1571 March/April 2012 - Adar/Nissan 5772 MAKING SENSE OF TROUBLESOME TIMES ASYV FOURTEENTH ANNUAL PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE ON HOLOCAUST EDUCATION he Education Department of the face on Holocaust victims in order to intro- “What makes today very special for me is standing up to lies and preserving the truth T American Society for Yad Vashem duce a human element to the story. Trans- that my oldest child, Rebecca, who bears is imperative. I want her to know that over and their Young Leadership Associates mitting these messages is our hope for the my grandmother’s name, is here with me. It the years, we have had the privilege of held its fourteenth professional develop- future. We are grateful to you, the teachers, is the first time she has come to a Yad touching, meeting, and educating thou- ment conference on Holocaust education. whose responsibility it is to educate future Vashem event. It is her first time beginning sands of teachers. And, through your ded- The Association of Teachers of Social generations about the Holocaust, when to learn about what her great-grandparents ication and work, tens of thousands of Studies /United Federation of Teachers there will be no more survivors left to tell the and their parents, cousins, uncles, aunts, students across the New York City metro- and the School of Education of Manhat- story.” Commenting on the 30th anniversary sisters, and brothers lived through. It is time politan area have been touched and have tanville College co-sponsored the program of the American Society, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Turkey's Jewish Minority and Turkish-Jewish Immigrants in Israel
    CmZENSHIP, MINORITiSS AND IMMIGRANTS: A COMPARISON OF TURKEY'S JEWISH MINORITY AND TURKISH-JEWISH IMMIGRANTS IN ISRAEL « M liM M i \ . ii A. ^ ’A * : ^ A -;--x-a M ·> W (■ V_<«> W %t^ Wt^ b Ik Sw ^ >»«·— U L·^ 'Vi' ^ **■« ;.■ ■ ·■'» “V ■? >·· ·'* ^ A'-V / ii w w U i i \ j Vi?:· W / CITIZENSHIP, MINORITIES AND IMMIGRANTS: A COMPARISON OF TURKEY’S JEWISH MINORITY AND TURKISH-JEWISH IMMIGRANTS IN ISRAEL The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by ŞULE TOKTAŞ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION m THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BiLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA July, 2004 ю T . о Oí 00 I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is folly adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration. Assoc. Professor Ahmet İçduygu Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is folly adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration. Professor E. Fuat Keyman Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is folly adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration. Assist. Professor Orhan Tekelioğlu Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is folly adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Aceae -Aceous -Ad -Ade -Aemia
    -able -acea -aceae -aceous -ad -ade -aemia -age -agogue -al -ales -algia -ally -amine -an -ana -ance -ancy -androus -andry -ane -ant -ar -arch -archy -ard -arian -arium -art -ary -ase -asis -aster -ate -ation -ative -ator -atory -blast -cade -carp -carpic -carpous -cele -cene -cephalic -chrome -cide -cle -colous -cracy -crat -cule -cy -cyst -cyte -derm -dom -drome -dromous -ean -ectomy -ed -ee -eer -eme -emia -en -ence -ency -ene -ent -eous -er -ery -es -escent -ese -esque -ess -est -et -eth -ette -ey -facient -fer -ferous -fic -fid -florous -fold -form -fuge -ful -fy -gamy -gen -genesis -genic -genous -geny -gerous -gnathous -gnosis -gon -gonium -gony -grade -gram -graph -grapher -graphy -gynous -hedron -hemia -hood -i- -ia -ial -ian -iana -iasis -iatrics -iatry -ible -ic -ical -ician -ics -id -idae -ide -ie -ier -ify -ile -in -inae -ine -ing -ion -ious -ise -ish -ism -ist -istic -ite -itis -itol -ity -ium -ive -ize -kin -lalia -latry -lepsy -less -let -like -ling -lite -lith -lithic -log -logue -logy -ly -lysis -lyte -lytic -mancy -mania -mantic -mas -ment -mer -mere -merous -meter -metry -mo -most -n't -nasty -ness -nik -ock -ode -odont -oid -oidea -ol -ole -oma -on -one -onym -opia -opsis -or -ory -ose -osis -otic -ous -parous -path -pathy -pede -petal -phage -phagy -phane -phasia -phile -philia -philous -phobe -phone -phony -phore -phyll -phyllous -phyte -plasia -plasm -plast -plastic -plasty -pod -podium -proof -pterous -rhoea -rrhagia -rrhoea -ry -s -scope -sepalous -ship -some -sophy -sperm -st -stat -ster -stichous -stome -stomy -stress -taxis -th -thermy -tion -tome -tomy -trix -trope -trophy -tropic -tropism -tropous -tude -ty -type -ule -ulent -ure -uria -vorous -ward -wards -ways -wise -y -yl -zoa -zoon 3-D A A & R A battery A horizon A number 1 A-1 A-bomb A-frame A.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Assistance Activities for the Jewish Immigrants and Jewish Immigrant Camps in Cyprus During Second World War
    Ege Akademik Bakış / Ege Academic Review 9 (2) 2009: 735-758 TURKISH ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES FOR THE JEWISH IMMIGRANTS AND JEWISH IMMIGRANT CAMPS IN CYPRUS DURING SECOND WORLD WAR Assoc.Prof.Dr.Ulvi KESER, Atılım University, Faculty of Management, Department of International Relations, [email protected] ABSTRACT During the last period of Second World War, the Jews who all managed to survived and escaped from Nazi tyranny and holocaust have started trying to find out the ways to go to Palestine, then being a British mandate. Taking a voyage to Palestine was not so easy because of the terrific conditions, and mostly of British restrictions. The Jews making mostly use of the very insufficient and primitive transportation means could have arrived in Turkey. Having got Turkish support and the assistance, these people were once more stopped by British warships in the open seas and taken to the concentration camps in Cyprus since active steps and measurements were taken against the Jewish immigration, from trying to prevent the acquisition of ships for refugees to deploying naval craft that otherwise could have been used in the war effort to patrol the coast of Palestine. The poor conditions and, terrifying management of British authority there made the life unbearable for these people, causing lots of death. Key Words; Cyprus, Jews, Second World War, Exodus, Concentration Camp 1- INTRODUCTION Second World War has broken out as soon as Germany attacked Poland on 1st September 1939. Turkey considering to get a neutral position soon after the war started came face to face with the pressure to join in the war or to support the warring parties (Armaoğlu; 1995, 37).
    [Show full text]
  • Nathan Klipper
    Ze’ev (Walter) Ellenbogen Nathan Klipper and the Underground Aid to the Transnistria Deportees “... in your concern for our brethren who are suffering [in Transnistria], you are performing the greatest Jewish mission of our time.” (In a letter to Romania from the Jewish Palestinian mission in Istanbul, July 2, 1943.) Jerusalem 1999 Contents Nathan Klipper and the Underground Aid to the Transnistria Deportees ..................1 The Beginning of the War on the Eastern Front..................................................................1 The Arrest of the Men in Gura-Humora ..............................................................................1 The Arrest of the Men in Dorna...........................................................................................2 Biographical Details ............................................................................................................3 Bucharest..............................................................................................................................6 Efforts to Relieve the Situation of the Jews in Czernowitz .................................................8 Bribes to Major Stere Marinescu.........................................................................................8 Material Aid to the Community and Individuals .................................................................9 The Transnistria Deportation.........................................................................................10 Institutional Aid to the Transnistria Exiles........................................................................11
    [Show full text]