Combining Ability for Seed Yield and Other Characters in Rapeseed
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COMBINING ABILITY FOR SEED YIELD AND OTHER CHARACTERS IN RAPESEED Zesu Huang1,3, Paisan Laosuwan2,*, Thitiporn Machikowa3 and Zehui Chen1 Received: Aug 7, 2009; Revised: Nov 2, 2009; Accepted: Nov 24, 2009 Abstract Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops of China. The improvement of yield and oil content is presently being emphasized for this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate combining ability of rapeseed lines to be used in breeding for yield, oil content and other characters. Nine inbred lines used as males were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile (RGMS) lines used as females in a factorial manner (NCII design) to produce 45 single crosses. The crosses and their parents were tested at Guiyang and Zunyi, Guizhou, China in 2007-2008. The results showed that mean squares for hybrids were significantly different for all characters. The SS ratios of sum of squares due to GCA to sum of squares of hybrids were 0.70, 0.80, 0.88 and 0.82 for seed yield, oil content, days to flowering and days to maturity, respectively, but SCA effects were significant for all characters except for days to maturity. This indicates that both additive and non-additive gene effects were important, but additive gene effects were more predominant for these characters. Males III188, III224, and Q034 gave large positive GCA effects for seed yield. Their respective values were 317.6, 253.1, and 383.5 kg ha-1. Significantly positive GCA effects for oil content were detected for lines III224 and QH303-4A of which the respective GCA effects were 0.66 and 2.31%. The crosses of Qianyou 8A × Q034, QH303-4A × III224, Qianyou 3A × 2365, QH303-4A × 1190, and 24A × III153 gave significant postitive SCA effects of 434.6, 429.9, 427.8, 379.4, and 347.0 kg ha-1 for seed yield, respectively. Therefore, they should be considered as candidates for future hybrid breeding program. Keywords: Brassica napus L., combining ability, yield, oil content Introduction Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most increase of the annual yield production important oilseed crops of China. Its production resulting from the utilization of hybrids and the is increasing rapidly especially during 1990s. The expansion of planting area of this crop. increase of yield in this crop is largely due to the In crop breeding for hybrid varieties, 1 Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Xiaohe district, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China. 2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Hatyai University, Hatyai, Songkla 90110, Thailand. 3 School of Crop Production, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. Email: [email protected] * Corresponding author Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. 17(1):39-47 _10-0483(039-048)Part-04.pmd 39 25/5/2553, 11:22 40 Combining Ability for Seed Yield and Other Characters in Rapeseed general and specific combining ability effects Materials and Methods are important indicators of the potential of inbred lines in hybrid combinations. General Plant Materials combining ability (GCA) is the average performance of a line in hybrid combinations, Fourteen rapeseed lines which have low and specific combining ability (SCA) is the erucic acid and glucosinolate contents with deviation of certain cross from the average different developing backgrounds were used in performance of the lines (Sprague and Tatum, this study. Among them, five recessive genetic 1942). Comstock and Robinson (1948) and male sterile lines (RGMS) which have 50% Comstock et al. (1949) developed three designs sterile and 50% fertile plants were used as known as North Carolina Designs I, II, and III, females and nine inbred lines were used as for uses to determine the importance of GCA males. These male and female lines are shown and SCA of breeding materials. Among the three with basic information in Table 1. These parents designs, NCII design or factorial design has been were planted in Sept. 2006, and crosses were used more frequently in plants than others to made in spring, 2007. At the flowering stage, determine combining ability and appropriate male sterile plants were identified and tagging parents of a cross among intended lines. The was made on RGMS lines. Young buds in the estimates of male and female effects for Design inflorescence of plants in female and male II are equivalent to GCA effect, while the male parents were covered before blooming with × female interaction is equivalent to SCA effect white paper bag. Flowers of male sterile plants (Hallauer and Miranda, 1988). By using this covered were pollinated manually with fresh method, yield, oil content, quality characters pollen collected from male parents. Five RGMS related to oil and meal, and other characters in lines were obtained by crossing male sterile with rapeseed were studied for combining ability, male fertile plants of the same line manually. Nine heterosis, and heritability (Shen et al., 2002; Tian male lines were produced by self-pollination. et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2007). Seeds of each cross or line were harvested, The relative importance of additive (GCA) threshed and the bulk of 8-10 plants was made and non-additive (SCA) gene actions within a for testing. breeding population is important to determine Field Experiment which breeding procedure will efficiently All 45 crosses and 14 parents were improve the performance of the characters of evaluated at two locations, Guiyang and Zunyi, interest (Dudley and Moll, 1969). Many studies Guizhou, China. Both locations grow rapeseed have been made in rapeseed on the inheritance (Brassica napus L.) extensively. The experiment of economic characters, especially seed yield was conducted in a randomized complete block and oil content, but the results were variable. In design with three replications. Plots consisted their materials, Brandle and McVetty (1989, 1990) of two rows of 5-m in length with 45-cm interrow reported that GCA accounted for 88 and 44% and 33.3-cm intrarow spacings. Each plot of hybrids sum of squares for seed yield, contained 60 plants. Traditional methods of respectively. Shen et al. (2002) found that planting for rapeseed practiced in China were GCA accounted for 76.65% of the hybrid sums used at each location. At Guiyang, all the 60 of squares for seed yield. entries were planted in hills on Sept 26, 2007, The objectives of this study were to and thinned to two plants per hill. The experiment evaluate performance of rapeseed lines for at this location was harvested from May 7 combining ability effects for seed yield, oil through May 19, 2008. At Zunyi, all 60 entries content, days to flowering and days to maturity, were planted in seed bed to produce seedlings and to identify some good lines and crosses for on Sept 12, 2007. The seedlings were future breeding programs. transplanted with two plants per hill on Oct 14, _10-0483(039-048)Part-04.pmd 40 25/5/2553, 11:22 Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 17 No. 1; January - March 2010 41 2007. The harvest was made from May 17 where Y = yield in kg ha-1, X = moisture content through May 25, 2008. (measured), Ys = standard moisture content -1 Data Collection (9%), F.W. = harvested yield in kg plot , A = harvested area (m2). The following attributes were measured Percentage of oil: Oil content was determined at both locations: by Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy Days to flowering: The number of days from (NIRS). planting until 50% of plants flowered. Days to maturity: The number of days from Statistical Analysis planting until 90% of the plants matured. Seed yield: The weight of seed in kilogram per Data recorded for each character from hectare. The seeds were harvested and individual locations were first analysed to seed yield was determined in the determine the homogeneity of variances. They following manner: were then used to perform combined analysis of variance. The lines used as parents in this experiment were considered fixed and the Seed yield locations of the experiments were considered Table 1. Descriptions of 14 parents, 5 females and 9 males, used in this study Designation Prominent character Origin Females QH303-4A High oil content with yellow seed- A mutant from an open-pollinated variety coat Youyan no.6. 24A Low oil content Introduced from Sinan county, Guizhou province. Qianyou 3A Early flowering and maturity Introduced from Yunan province. Low oil content Qianyou 6A Yellow seed-coat, late flowering Derived from a hybrid variety named Shuza no. 6 in Shichuan province Qianyou 8A High oil content with yellow Derived from a hybrid combination named You seed-coat 1162 in Guizhou province Males 2313 High oil content with yellow A mutant from an open-pollinated variety seed-coat Youyan no.2. 2365 High oil content with yellow A progeny of cross 95III15 × III501 seed-coat III153 High oil content, early A progeny of cross 8909 × 9002 flowering III176 Early maturity A progeny of cross 325 × 8907 High oil content, early III188 flowering A progeny of cross 210 × 207 III199 High oil content A progeny of cross 206 × 225 III224 High oil content An inbred line named 2236 Q034 High oil content, late maturity A progeny of cross 95III20 × III507 1190 Yellow seed-coat, late flowering A progeny of cross R × 8904 _10-0483(039-048)Part-04.pmd 41 25/5/2553, 11:22 42 Combining Ability for Seed Yield and Other Characters in Rapeseed a random sample of locations in which rapeseed For each character, the GCA estimates was grown in this area of Guizhou. The analyses (gi or gj) for all parental lines and SCA estimats of variance for the experiment were made by (sij) for all hybrid genotypes were calculated using Data Processing System 9.50 whose according to Beil and Atkins (1967) as follows: copyright belonging to Tang Qiyi, China.