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WATER WASTE ENVIRONMENT SMART LIVING HANDBOOK TRANSPORT ENERGY HERITAGE Making sustainable living a reality in Cape Town homes WATER WASTE ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORT ENERGY in Cape Town homes Capein Town Making sustainable living a reality HANDBOOK SMART LIVING LIVING SMART HERITAGE Published by the City of Cape Town 5th edition, June 2020 More information available from: Environmental Management Department 7th floor 44 Wale Street Cape Town 8001 South Africa Tel: 021 487 2284 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.capetown.gov.za/environment © City of Cape Town ISBN 978-0-9802784-7-7 Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information in this book at the time of publication, and to acknowledge photographs correctly. The City of Cape Town accepts no responsibility and will not be liable for any errors or omissions contained herein. If you have any comments, suggestions or updates, please e-mail us at [email protected] or [email protected]. WATER CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 WASTE WATER WASTE ENVIRONMENT Importance Introduction to waste Introduction to of water 51 environment 9 109 ENVIRONMENT Waste management Water in our city in our city Environment in 13 66 our city 117 Our water footprint Responsible waste 19 management at home Environment at Water in your home 77 your home 20 131 TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ENERGY HERITAGE Importance of Introduction Importance of transport to energy heritage 157 173 231 Transport in the city Energy in our city Heritage in our city 159 184 241 ENERGY What you can do Energy in your home Exploring heritage 166 198 in your home or neighbourhood 257 GLOSSARY 274 ABBREVIATIONS 281 HERITAGE SMART LIVING HANDBOOK 1 “WE ALL HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO LEARN HOW TO LIVE AND DEVELOP SUSTAINABLY IN A WORLD OF FINITE RESOURCES.” – ARCHBISHOP EMERITUS DESMOND TUTU, 2009 WATER INTRODUCTION Capetonians are at the heart of building But while Cape Town undoubtedly resilience. We have emerged out of showed a strong capacity for resilience hundreds of years of racial oppression in the face of drought, it would be less WASTE under colonialism and apartheid, and easy to argue that the city is objectively continue to grapple with the legacies of resilient to drought. What if there had our traumatic past. Much work remains been a fourth year of extremely low to be done, especially with regard to rainfall? What if certain sectors, already building city-wide social cohesion. At strained by chronic issues, such as food times, though, we have been able to insecurity and unemployment, suffered come together to confront a collective from an unprecedented collapse in the challenge. This we proved again when midst of the drought? What if Covid-19 ENVIRONMENT we drove down water consumption had arrived at the same time as the during the 2016–2018 drought drought? crisis – the worst the city region has We must reflect on and learn from experienced in recorded history. our challenges, take new actions to The Cape Town Water Strategy was improve resilience, and apply new adopted in April 2019, and the knowledge and innovative solutions to Resilience Strategy towards the end future shock events. It is in this context of 2019. This was in the aftermath of that the Cape Town Resilience Strategy the drought, during which dramatically offers a roadmap for a 21st-century TRANSPORT low rainfall for three years in a row, metropolis. Cape Town is a vibrant city, exacerbated by climate change, had home to a diversity of people, many brought Capetonians uncomfortably of whom were born and raised here, close to the reality of the taps running and many of whom migrated here, dry. The episode severely tested the drawn by the opportunities that our resilience of our city and its people. city has to offer. Cape Town is also the Through a comprehensive societal destination of hundreds of thousands response, not least due to the heroic of visitors every year, who come to efforts of households and businesses experience our world-class beaches, to reduce consumption, the worst-case mountains, fynbos, vineyards and ENERGY scenario was avoided. culture. Tempering this vibrancy and opportunity, however, are a range of system-wide challenges posed by one- time shocks. For more information on the City’s Resilience Strategy, other key strategic documents and the IDP, go to www.capetown.gov.za. HERITAGE SMART LIVING HANDBOOK 3 Therefore, building urban resilience This, in turn, requires resources and requires looking at a city holistically, tools that educate, raise awareness and understanding the interdependencies communicate ways and pathways for citizens between shocks and stresses. Resilience to adopt more resource-efficient practices is what helps cities adapt and transform in and to make more sustainable choices. the face of these challenges, helping them This Smart Living Handbook is one of prepare for both the expected and the the City’s tools to guide Capetonians in unexpected. Recognising this, resilience is becoming more resilient and live a more a guiding principle and expected outcome sustainable life. Every time you switch of the City’s most recent Integrated on a light, drive your car, run a bath or Development Plan (IDP). put out your rubbish, you’re making a Taking action to proactively manage our decision that affects the environment. city’s challenges and interdependencies, Natural resources – water, coal, oil, land, and leveraging our resources and fresh air – will run out if we consume them investments towards resilience-building faster than they can replenish themselves. initiatives, will ultimately produce There are many indications that this is multiple benefits. This is known as “the already happening. Households have a resilience dividend”, the “difference in significant cumulative impact. To make value between a resilience approach and sure that there are enough resources to business-as-usual – the ‘bonus’ we receive go around – enough for both current and from investing in a project designed to future generations – we need to manage build resilience”. our resources well, using what we have, efficiently and fairly. Taking an integrated approach to planning for disruptions, even if they do not occur, Many of us know that we should be doing can create new opportunities that offer this, but are often unsure about what to do social, environmental and economic and how to do it. This handbook aims to benefits for our city and people. provide you with information and practical actions to implement – to protect the Building our resilience supports the City’s environment, save money and make your sustainability goals. Sustainability and the home a safer place to live in. Collectively, realisations of the United Nations Sustainable we can make a difference and become Development Goals (SDGs) are dependent more resilient. on informed and empowered citizens. 4 CITY OF CAPE TOWN WATER Subsequently, the Smart Living BACKGROUND Handbook was developed by TO THE AMATHEMBA Environmental Management Consulting and HANDBOOK’S Sustainable Energy Africa on the City’s behalf. It was based on AMATHEMBA’s Home Environmental Management CREATION WASTE Guide Book and Sarah Ward’s The The City has a partnership with the Energy Book, and was first published City of Aachen in Germany that is in 2007. specifically aimed at promoting sustainable development in a practical Minor updates and reprints were way. One of the partnership’s projects done in 2008 and 2009. In 2010/11, implemented in Cape Town was the Steadfast Greening and Icologie 21 Households Project with families undertook an extensive update and from Khayelitsha, Manenberg and ENVIRONMENT review of the handbook and compiled Wynberg. In the course of a year, the complementary Smart Events households met monthly to learn about Handbook and Smart Office Handbook. sustainable living through practical, interactive workshops and outings. In 2018, the City again initiated Eco-audits were done in their homes an update by Steadfast Greening, at the start and end of the project to with another two chapters added. determine the main focus areas that Additional complementary resources had to be addressed, as well as the were also compiled, namely the Smart eventual impact of the training. Living Audit Guide for Your Home, Smart Cooking and Home Safety Guide, TRANSPORT The project was a great success Smart Living Audit Guide for Early in the local communities. It was Childhood Development Centres, and repeated in different areas, and in all the Smart Driving Training Manual. instances, households felt that they had been empowered to make better decisions that would improve their All of these resources, including lives and benefit the environment. The the Smart Living Handbook, are participating households believed that available for download from it was important to get the message www.capetown.gov.za. across to the broader community, and ENERGY suggested that the workshop notes be Search for: greener living. printed in a handbook format. HERITAGE SMART LIVING HANDBOOK 5 Different types of households are faced HOW TO with different environmental issues. USE THIS For example, high-income households may find that they are high consumers HANDBOOK of electricity and need to explore ways to reduce their consumption. Informal We would all like to make good choices households, on the other hand, may when it comes to managing our homes find that their greatest problem is – good choices for our health, safety and householders’ health and safety due to pocket, but also for the environment. the unsafe use of energy. We hope this This handbook contains some useful handbook will be relevant and useful to information and handy tips to help you all Cape Town homes. If a section does not make the best choices to reduce your seem to relate to your issues, simply move energy and water consumption and waste on to the next one or explore and consider output.
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