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yyyyN A E S S S L T A E A C R C I yyyyN S M S E E H C C T N IO A May 2003 Vol. LXXXI, No. 9 yyyyC N • AMERI

Monthly Meeting Education Night at B.U. Guy Crosby speaks on Chemistry of Nutrition

Election 2003 Election of candidates for 2004

Book Review Quantum Leaps in the Wrong Direction, by C. M. Wynn and A. W. Wiggins

Historical Note Edward Frankland’s Crusade for Clean Water in the 19th Century template group. If this were true, then this end, a simple molecular modeling Meeting virtually any ring system which ful- exercise was undertaken to compare filled this requirement would lead to a the differences between our best com- series of potent inhibitors pound and those reported by Merck. Report We selected the 1H-pyrrole ring The simple overlay of these molecules From the April 10, 2003 Esselen system as our starting template to test revealed the presence of a methyl Award Address this hypothesis, primarily because group in the Merck compound in a these could readily be prepared from region of space not occupied by our The Discovery And 1,4-diketones through the classical inhibitors. Development Of Lipitor‚ Paal-Knorr condensation and these 1,4- To determine the importance of (Atorvastatin Calcium) diketones, in turn, were potentially occupying this space, bromine and available possessing a wide variety of chlorines were introduced into the 3- Bruce D. Roth, Department of Chem- 1- and 4-substituents employing the and 4-positions of our most potent ana- istry, Pfizer Global Research and thiazolium salt chemistry developed by log. After testing the ability of these Development, Ann Arbor Laboratories Stetter. compounds to inhibit rat-liver HMGR, Despite decades of research, coronary In practice, this scheme proved we were gratified to find that both heart disease is still the number one highly effective and a large number of compounds possessed inhibitory cause of death in the United States and 1,2,5-trisubstituted pyrroles were pre- potencies comparable to the fungal in many western societies. Because of pared. These could be converted in metabolites the importance of this public health several synthetic steps to the target 4- Although initially we were excited issue, the search for drugs to lower lev- hydroxy-pyranones as racemic mix- by this finding, the 3,4-dibromo analog els of total and low-density lipoprotein tures of the 4R, 6R and 4S, 6S was taken into early preclinical devel- cholesterol has been the focus of con- stereoisomers. These were then ring- opment and rapidly found to display siderable research over the past four opened by base hydrolysis to provide considerable toxicity. As it turned out, decades. A major chapter in this story the biologically active dihydroxyacids. much of the toxicology had been was the search for potent and effica- Using this chemistry we next pre- observed by others and was found to cious inhibitors of the enzyme HMG- pared a series of approximately thirty be specific to rodents or was derived CoA reductase (HMGRI), the 2,5-disubstituted analogs possessing a from exaggerated pharmacology at rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol range of substituted aromatic, cyclic, high dosage levels and was most biosynthesis especially during the branched and straight-chain aliphatic severe with very bioavailable 1970s and 1980s. Building on the dis- groups to define the optimal sub- inhibitors which achieved high plasma covery of the fungal metabolite- stituents at the 2- and 5-positions. and tissue concentrations. Once again, derived inhibitors, mevastatin, The conclusion from this exercise we were faced with a decision point in lovastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin, was that the distance across the pyrrole the pyrrole series. Since we did not during the late 1970s and early 1980s, ring from the tip of the 2-substituent to know whether the toxicity observed a number of totally synthetic the tip of the 5-substituent could be no was related to the mechanism of inhibitors, including atorvastatin cal- longer than 10 angstroms with the size action, the pyrrole series or the pres- cium were discovered and developed. of the 2-substituent being no more than ence of the bromines in the 3- and 4- The first indication that the com- 5.9 angstroms and the 5-substituent positions, rather than abandoning the plex hexahydronaphthalene portion of being no more than 3.3 angstroms. pyrrole series, a two pronged approach the fungal metabolites could be Further refinement of this analysis was taken of both looking for alterna- replaced with a simpler ring system revealed that best potency was con- tive series and synthesizing 3,4-non- without loss of biological activity tained in the compound possessing a 4- halogen-substituted pyrroles in the appeared in a patent application, then fluorophenyl in the 2-position and an hope that these compounds would in publication form, from the Merck, isopropyl in the 5-position of the pyr- retain activity, but lack toxicity . Sharpe and Dohme Research Labs. In role ring. Unfortunately, this com- Unfortunately, the requirement for a this disclosure, it was revealed that pound still possessed only one-tenth of penta-substituted pyrrole also required ortho-biphenyl containing 3,5-dihy- the inhibitory potency of mevastatin. the development of an entirely new droxy-6-heptenoic acids and their lac- Taking into account the likely sce- synthetic route to effectively develop tones were equipotent to the fungal nario that all of the biological activity the SAR at the 3- and 4-positions, metabolites at inhibiting HMGR in was contained in one stereoisomer, we since the existing route was limited vitro. This disclosure led to the were still considerably short of the tar- only to those substituents that could be hypothesis that the key requirements get potency and had come to the limit introduced by electrophilic substitu- for potent inhibition of HMGR were a of what could be accomplished using tion. mevalonolactone/3,5-dihydroxy-hep- the current synthetic route. In these A possible solution was presented tanoic or-6-heptenoic acid moiety and circumstances, the options are to find through the 3+2 cycloaddition of a large lipophilic group held in the cor- alternate series or to attempt to ascer- azlactones and acetylenes pioneered by tain the source of the deficiency. To rect spatial relationship by a spacer or continued on page 4

2 The Nucleus May 2003 Samuel P. Kounaves

The Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society, Inc. Contents Office: Marilou Cashman, 23 Cottage St., Natick, MA 01760. 1-800-872-2054 (Voice or FAX) or 508-653-6329. Meeting Report 2 e-mail: [email protected] ______Any Section business may be conducted Bruce D. Roth’s Esselen Award Address at the April 10, 2003 meeting via the business office above. NESACS Homepage: http://www.NESACS.org Monthly Meeting: Education Night ______5 Samuel P. Kounaves, Webmaster Awards; Address by Guy A. Crosby: “Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Washington, D.C. ACS Hotline: 1-800-227-5558 Nutrition and Their Impact on Human Health” Officers 2003 Chair: ACS Short Course ______6 John L. Neumeyer Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital LC/MS: Fundamentals and Applications; May 19-20 at Northeastern University 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 617-855-3388; [email protected] Weinberg Memorial Lecture ______7 Chair-Elect: Jean A. Fuller-Stanley Daniel Von Hoff, M.D. speaks on “Current Approaches to Phase I Chemical Chemistry Department, Wellesley College Trials” Wellesley, MA 02481-8203 781-283-3224; [email protected] Immediate Past Chair: Election of Candidates for 2004 ______8 Morton Z, Hoffman Biographies and statements of candidates for office in 2004 Chemistry Department, Boston University Boston, MA 02215-2507 617-353-2494; [email protected] Book Review ______23 Secretary: “Quantum Leaps In The Wrong Direction” by C.M. Wynn and A.W. Wiggins, Michael Singer Sigma RBI reviewed by Dennis J. Sardella 3 Strathmore Rd. Natick, MA 01760-2447 508-651-8151x291 Historical Note ______25 [email protected] “Edward Frankland’s Crusade for Clean Water” by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne Treasurer: James Piper 19 Mill Rd., Harvard, MA 01451 Cover: Guy A. Crosby, May speaker 978-456-3155 [email protected] Auditor: Deadlines: Summer Issue: June 13, 2003 Anthony Rosner September issue: July 18, 2003 Archivist: Myron Simon 20 Somerset Rd. Newton, MA 02465; 617-332-5273 [email protected] Trustees: Joseph A. Lima, Esther A.H. Hopkins, Michael E. Strem, Councilors: Alternate Councilors: Term Ends 12/31/2003 Term Ends 12 /31/2003 The Nucleus is distributed to the members of the Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Catherine E. Costello Wallace Gleekman Society, to the secretaries of the Local Sections, and to editors of all local A.C.S. Section publications. William Klemperer Arno H.A. Heyn Forms close for advertising on the 1st of the month of the preceding issue. Text must be received by the Dorothy J. Phillips Howard R. Mayne editor six weeks before the date of issue. Barbara Wood Alfred Viola Editor: Arno Heyn, 21 Alexander Rd., Newton, MA 02461, Term Ends 12/31/2004 Term Ends 12/31/2004 Tel: 617-969-5712, FAX: 617-527-2032; e-mail: [email protected] Thomas R. Gilbert Timothy B. Frigo Patricia H. Hamm Donald O. Rickter Associate Editors: Myron S. Simon, 20 Somerset Rd., W. Newton, MA 02465, Tel: 617-332-5273 Michael J. Hearn Lawrence T. Scott Mukund S. Chorghade, 14 Carlson Circle, Natick, MA 01760: Arlene W. Light Derk A. Wierda [email protected] Term Ends 12/31/2005 Term Ends 12/31/2005 Board of Publications: Marietta H. Schwartz (Chair), Patrick M. Gordon, vacant, E. Joseph Billo (Con- Mary T. Burgess Michaeline F. Chen sultant) Morton Z. Hoffman Patrick M. Gordon Business Manager: Karen Piper, 19 Mill Rd., Harvard, MA 01451, Tel: 978-456-8622 Doris I. Lewis Truman S. Light Amy E. Tapper Michael Singer Advertising Manager: Vincent J. Gale, P.O. Box 1150, Marshfield, MA 02050, Tel: 781-837-0424; FAX: 781-837-8792 All Chairs of standing Contributing Editors: Patricia Hamm, Features; Edward Atkinson, History of Chemistry; Dennis Committees, the editor Sardella, Book Reviews; Marietta H. Schwartz, Software Reviews. of THE NUCLEUS, and Calendar Coordinator: Donald O. Rickter, e-mail: [email protected] the Trustees of Section Proofreaders: E. Joseph Billo, Mukund S. Chorghade, Donald O. Rickter, M.S. Simon Funds are members of the Webpage: Webmaster: Samuel P. Kounaves, [email protected] Board of Directors. Any Asst. Webmasters: Terry Brush, [email protected] Councilor of the American Chemical Society Kurt Heinselman, [email protected] residing within the section area is an ex officio member of the Board of Directors. Copyright 2003, Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society, Inc. The Nucleus May 2003 3 Meeting Report the fungal metabolite derived inhibitors. Continued from page 2 Corporate Patrons Having made this decision, we Astra Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Huisgen. This chemistry proved to be formed two teams of chemists working a very versatile means of preparing in parallel towards a chiral synthesis, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp. pentasubstituted pyrroles from α-ami- one in Discovery Chemistry in Ann Strem Chemicals, Inc. doacids and acetylenes containing at Arbor and a second in Chemical Corporate Sponsors least one electron withdrawing group. Development in Holland, Michigan. Aerodyne Research, Inc. Using the chemistry developed previ- The first challenge was actually not the ously, a series of compounds were chiral synthesis, but scaling the achiral Cambridge Isotope Laboratories made with the already optimized 2-(4- parts of the existing process that would Consulting Resources Corp. fluorophenyl) and 5-isopropyl substitu- be needed for the ultimate chiral syn- Houghton Chemical Corp. tion and a variety of phenyl, thesis. Critical to the success of the New England Biolabs, Inc. substituted phenyl, ester, amide and commercial synthesis was the success- Organix, Inc. nitriles at the 3- and 4-positions. ful Paal-Knorr cyclization of a highly Polymedica Corp. Due to the difficulty in synthesis, substituted 1,4-diketone by the Hol- Sigma-RBI a total of only 20 analogs were pre- land Chemical Development group. pared, with best activity found in the 3- This breakthrough opened up the pos- phenyl, 4-carboxamidophenyl analog.. sibility of a convergent synthesis Separation of the two enantiomers by employing a fully elaborated side- Red Sox synthesis and separation of the chain. diastereomeric R-?-methylbenzy- Building on the Holland success Tickets lamides followed by hydrolysis Ann Arbor was able to develop an ena- demonstrated that, as expected, all of tioselective synthesis of atorvastatin, May 15, 2003 at 7:05 pm the biological activity resided in the but because of the linear nature of our Red Sox vs. Texas Rangers (+)-stereoisomer. This isomer was route, it was not acceptable for large- Right field box seats (normally @$37) later confirmed to be the R,R- scale production. Thus, for the synthe- available for $27. Call Marilou Cash- stereoisomer by total synthesis and x- sis to be economically viable, the man at 800-872-2054, then send a ray crystallography and found to Holland group developed a synthesis check to her: possess inhibitory potency approach- wherein they built the entire side-chain 23 Cottage St., Natick, MA 01760. ing that of simvastatin in vitro. Scale- with all of the correct stereochemistry For information, call: up of this analog and preliminary in place, then in a completely conver- testing in vivo in animal models of gent manner, united it with the appro- Wally Gleekman at 617-527-1192 hypercholesterolemia demonstrated priate 1,4-diketone using a Paal-Knorr that this compound possessed potency condensation under very carefully Research, to move atorvastatin calcium and efficacy in vivo comparable to that defined conditions to produce atorvas- into clinical trials in the hope that an found with lovastatin. In subsequent tatin calcium after removal of protect- improved efficacy profile would be studies done under more carefully con- ing groups and formation of the observed in man over the then avail- trolled conditions with larger groups of hemi-calcium salt. able drugs. To the delight of all those animals, it was determined that ator- Although one might have involved in the discovery and develop- vastatin was actually more potent and expected that the decision to take ator- ment of atorvastatin calcium, the mer- efficacious than lovastatin at lowering vastatin calcium into clinical develop- its of the drug were rapidly LDL-cholesterol in rabbits and guinea ment would be straight-forward, it was demonstrated in the phase 1 clinical pigs and triglycerides in rats. not. By the time we completed the trials in healthy volunteers where Having identified a potent and preclinical studies needed to file an reductions in LDL-C approaching 60% efficacious HMGR inhibitor, we were Investigational New Drug Application were observed at the high dose of now faced with a critical decision, that (IND) with the Food and Drug Admin- 80mg/day (see Table). This data pro- of whether to develop our compound istration (FDA) in late 1989, vided the impetus for further develop- as the racemate or the pure stereoiso- Mevacor, Zocor and Pravacol ment, since this level of efficacy was mer. We chose to develop atorvastatin had all been approved for marketing by not achievable with other HMGRIs at as the pure stereoisomer, for several the FDA. Thus, we were faced with approved doses or, in fact, with any reasons: 1) to avoid the unnecessary the expectation of coming into the other cholesterol-lowering drug. burden to the patient of having to marketplace nearly a decade after at Since that original study in healthy metabolize 50% of inert material (the least 3 HMGRIs without a clear volunteers, the outstanding potency wrong enantiomer) and 2) the desire to improvement. and efficacy at lowering total choles- avoid having an obvious disadvantage Despite these concerns, the deci- terol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyc- (potency) in a compound entering the sion was taken by Dr. Ronnie Cress- erides of atorvastatin calcium, now marketplace potentially 10 years after well, then President of Parke-Davis continued on page 7

4 The Nucleus May 2003 ABSTRACT Monthly Meeting Driven by life-extending medical The 843rd Meeting of the Northeastern Section of the American breakthroughs, and the resulting dra- Chemical Society matic rise in medical costs, many peo- ple in the developed world have become Education Night much more interested in diet and health Thursday, May 8, 2003 in recent years. The presentation will focus on a few selected topics in nutri- Boston University School of Management, tion related to cardiovascular disease, 595 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA ; 4th Floor Executive Dining Room cancer, dementia, and obesity. The role 5:30 pm Social Hour played by key nutrients in reducing the 6:30 pm Dinner risk of these often fatal diseases will be elucidated through a discussion of the 7:45 pm Evening Meeting, Dr. John Neumeyer, NESACS Chair, presiding chemistry of the nutrients. Address: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Nutrition and The first topic to be discussed will Their Impact on Human Health – Dr. Guy A. Crosby, Consultant, be resistant starch (RS). Until fairly writer and lecturer on food and nutrition chemistry recently it was believed that all dietary starch was rapidly metabolized to glu- Presentation of Awards: cose. We now know that highly crys- Philip L. Levins Memorial Prize talline starch is not digested in the small James Flack Norris/Theodore William Richards Undergraduate intestine, but reaches the large intestine Research Fellowships mostly intact, where it is fermented by Undergraduate Grants-in-Aid beneficial microorganisms to short chain fatty acids. As a result, RS has 2002 Project SEED students been shown to have many beneficial Excellence in Teaching at the Secondaty School Level physiological properties, which will be Induction of New Members into Aula Laudis discussed during the presentation. Avery A. Ashdown Chemistry Examination Prizes The essential polyunsaturated fatty Simmons College Prize acids and their conversion to the physi- ologically potent eicosinoids will be Dinner reservations MUST be made no later than noon, May 1. Please call or discussed as the second topic. Recent fax Marilou Cashman at (800) 872-2054 or e-mail at [email protected]. research has shown that the -3 fatty Reservations not cancelled at least 24 hours in advance must be paid. Mem- acids are potent inhibitors of the conver- bers, $28.00; Non-members, $30.00; Retirees, $18.00; Students, $ 10.00. sion of -6 fatty acids, such as arachi- THE PUBLIC IS INVITED. donic acid, to eicosinoids which are Anyone who needs special services or transportation, please call Marilou Cash- involved in a number of adverse effects, man a few days in advance so that suitable arrangements can be made. including coronary artery disease, Parking: Recommendation: Use the T (Green Line, first stop west of Ken- increased blood pressure, inflammation, more). There will be no Red Sox home game, so on-street meter parking, espe- and much more. The role of nutrition in cially on Bay State Rd. (parallel, north of Commonwealth Ave.) is a possibility. providing a healthy balance of fatty Limited parking will be available in the garage, under the School of Manage- acids in the diet will be discussed. ment Building. Enter from Commonwealth Ave. westbound. Obtain a voucher at Elevated levels of the metabolic the dinner desk for free parking. amino acid homocysteine have been Summerthing: See Red Sox Tickets, page 4. implicated as a risk factor in cardiovas- cular disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. The role of vitamins B6, B12, Dr. Crosby obtained a B.S. degree folic acid, and the quaternary ammo- Biography in chemistry from the University of nium compound betaine in maintaining New Hampshire, followed by a Ph.D. a healthy level of homocysteine in the Guy A. Crosby, Ph.D., is a consultant, degree in organic chemistry from body will also be discussed. writer and lecturer on food and nutri- Brown University in 1969. At Brown Finally, a presentation on nutrition tion chemistry. He has over thirty his research focused on steroid chem- would not be complete without a dis- years of experience as a scientist and istry, an area of chemistry that had cussion of the role of nutrition and diet executive in various fields of organic been of great interest since high on obesity. The recent discovery of chemistry, including the food, pharma- school. He then worked as a postdoc- small peptide hormones, which effect ceutical and agricultural industries. continued on page 7 continued on page 7

The Nucleus May 2003 5 ACS SHORT COURSE Designed to improve the skills and marketability of practicing B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. chemists. The NESACS Committee on Continuing Education is pleased to sponsor this newly updated National ACS Two-Day Short Course, at a registration fee less than half of that charged at National ACS Meetings. LC/MS: Fundamentals and Applications In this course you will receive an overview of applications for the environmental, biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries, and for areas of forensics and toxicology. This Short Course is designed as a practical overview of LC/MS for researchers, practitioners, technicians and others who are currently using LC, LC/MS, or plan to do so in the future, and those dealing with data produced by LC/MS. Practition- ers just embarking on the technique will gain insight to select the appropriate instrument for different applications, and those currently using LC/MS and its data will develop an appreciation for , and an understanding of, the complexities of the data generated. Participants should bring a basic calculator to the course. DATES and TIME: Monday, May 19, 2003; 8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. and Tuesday, May 20, 2003; 8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. PLACE: Egan Center, Room 340, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA PROGRAM AGENDA: • Solvent delivery systems, columns, interfaces, ioniza- • What changes may have to be made when porting LC tion methods, and mass analyzers; methods; data evalu- method to an LC/MS method ation • Types of mass analyzers, and which is most suitable for • What types of instruments are available for various a given analysis by LC/MS types of analyses • Steps in the interpretation of collisionally activated dis- • What are the latest developments in instrumentation sociation (CAD) data • How to get structural information from LC/MS • How ions are formed in an LC/MS analysis • How to deal with multiple-charge ions • Approaches to problem solving with LC/MS INSTRUCTORS: O. David Sparkman, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry at the University of the Pacific, Stockton, Cal., a consultant to the NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, teaches courses in mass spectrometry and analytical chemistry and man- ages the mass spectrometry facility. He is on the Editorial Advisory Boards of the Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry and the HD Science GC/MS Update – Part B. He is the author of Mass Spectrometry Desk Reference, and co-developer of the Mass Spectral Interpretation Quick Reference Guide. Frederick E. Klink, currently a consultant in LC, LC/MS, and other scientific instrumentation, has worked with a vari- ety of industrial clients. He has over 16 years of experience in a variety of technical and managerial positions in the analytical instrument industry. Starting as a life sciences applications chemist in HPLC, he has worked in product development, and product and marketing management for a major HPLC manufacturer. These are two of the most highly rated instructors in the ACS continuing education program. PRE-REGISTRATION REQUIRED – Registration Fees: ACS Members if received before May 2………… $500.00; after May 2 ……$575.00 Non-ACS Members if received before May 2….…$600.00; after May 2 ……$675.00 There will be a limited number of scholarships for unemployed ACS Members on a space-available basis. Parking Fee: about $14.00/day University cafeterias will be available for lunches. For further information contact: Prof. Alfred Viola at (617) 373 2809 Registration form for Short Course: LC/MS: Fundamentals and Application. May 19 – 20, 2003 Name: ______Business Affiliation:______Mailing ______Telephone:______Address______Mail with remittance to: Prof. Alfred Viola, Chair (Please make checks payable to NESACS. NESACS Committee on Cont. Ed. (Sorry, we cannot accept credit cards or Department of Chemistry purchase orders.) Northeastern University Boston, MA 02115

6 The Nucleus May 2003 Biography th Continued from page 5 The 7 Andrew H. toral fellow in the laboratory of the late William S. Johnson at Stanford Uni- Weinberg Memorial versity on the total synthesis of steroids by polyolefinic cyclization. Deciding to stay in California, he Lecture began his professional career as a This annual event functions to highlight achievements and focus on the research scientist with the Alza Corpo- development of new strategies for the treatment of cancer patients. ration, then became Director of Syn- thesis for Dynapol, a company also Current Approaches to Phase I Chemical Trials founded by Dr. Alejandro Zaffaroni. Dr. Daniel Von Hoff, M.D. During this period he taught graduate Professor of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathology, courses in organic synthesis at Stan- Director of the Arizona Cancer Center at the University of Arizona in ford University as a Consulting Profes- Tucson, and Chief Scientific Officer for US Oncology sor of Chemistry from 1972 until 1980. The California phase of his career led Wednesday, May 14, 2003 4:00 pm to extensive research and publications Enders Auditorium, Enders Building lobby on some of the very first polymeric Children’s Hospital, Boston reagents, prostaglandin chemistry, new 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 synthetic sweeteners, and other food Sponsored by the Andrew H. Weinberg Endowment at Dana Faber, Team ingredients. Andrew, the Jimmy fund Walk, and in part by the Medicinal Chemistry Group, As for many chemists, Dr . Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Societ Crosby’s career then took him to New For information, please contact David Klee at 617-632-3971 Jersey, where he became Director of or [email protected] Discovery for the Agricultural Chemi- cals Group of FMC Corporation in 1980. During this time he led the Meeting Report has rapidly become the largest selling strategic planning effort for the R&D medicine in the world, with 2002 sales Group, resulting in the adoption of a Continued from page 4 of nearly $8 billion. More importantly, successful pharmaceutical approach to marketed in the United States as Lipi- if outcome studies turn out as the discovery of new agrochemicals. In tor, has been reproduced and con- expected, one can predict that millions 1989 he was appointed R&D Director firmed in numerous clinical studies of years will be added to the total life for the Food and Pharmaceutical Divi- and in millions of patients. Due to its expectancy of people in the United sion of FMC, and served in this posi- enhanced ability to lower LDL-choles- States and other western societies tion until leaving FMC in 1996 to terol in comparison with other avail- where elevated levels of plasma cho- return to his home state of Massachu- able agents, since its launch in 1997, it lesterol are still a major problem. setts as Vice President of R&D for Opta Food Ingredients. Opta provided Table. Multiple-Dose Tolerance and Pharmacologic Effect of Atorvastatin Dr. Crosby the opportunity to become Calcium in healthy volunteers much more involved in nutrition, an Dose % change % change % change area of great personal interest, through (mg/d) (mg/dL), (mg/dL) (mg/dL) Total Cholesterol LDL-Cholesterol Triglycerides the development of a variety of healthy Placebo -3 -3 -3 food ingredients, including resistant 0.5 -8 -8 -16 starch, oat fiber, konjac flour and cellu- 2.5 -13 -22 -1 lose gel. 10 -22 -31 -12 Since January, 2002 Dr. Crosby 20 -30 -39 -30 has been pursuing his personal inter- 40 -36 -47 0 ests in food and nutrition chemistry as 80 -45 -58 -22 an independent consultant, writer and lecturer. He has over 50 scientific pub- lications and 20 U.S. patents, and is a Abstract Continued from page 5 member of a number of professional organizations, including the American the energy balance of the body and all the topics will conclude the presen- Chemical Society and the American appetite, will be touched on. A few tation. Society for Nutritional Sciences. guidelines for a healthy diet based on [email protected]

The Nucleus May 2003 7 Chair-Elect NESACS Election Ernest V. Groman Election of Candidates 2003

In the interest of providing maximum Article VIII of the Constitution of the information and expression of opinion Northeastern Section. The order of by the candidates for election in 2003, candidates for each office on the ballot the Nominating Committee has pre- has been determined by lot. Comments pared this section of the NUCLEUS regarding the election may be for mailing concurrently with the bal- addressed to the Nominating Commit- lots. All candidates were asked to sub- tee Chair, Dr. Morton Z. Hoffman mit biographical material and, with the (address on p.3). exception of committee member nomi- BALLOT DIRECTIONS: Vote for nees, position statements. To attain the candidate(s) of your choice, insert Education: Dr. Groman earned a BS uniformity of format, the biographical your ballot into the ballot envelope. in mathematics from the University of data have been rearranged, and, where (Neither the ballot nor ballot envelope North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a Ph.D. in the text exceeded the allotted space, may have any writing or identifica- biochemistry from the University of abbreviated. The statements have been tion). Insert the sealed ballot envelope California-Berkeley, and continued his reproduced without change. An official into the return envelope and sign your postdoctoral studies at Massachusetts ballot, along with a ballot envelope name on the return envelope only, affix General Hospital and Harvard Medical and return envelope have been pro- postage and mail. School. vided. The election and balloting are Professional Experience: He is The ballot must be received by May being carried out in conformance with Vice President - Development of Bio- 31, 2003. Physics Assay Laboratory, a company dedicated to bringing new methods for measurements in the life sciences. Prior to joining BioPAL, Dr. Groman NESACS News was a founder and Vice President On the Suit by Brauner Family and Others (R&D) at Advanced Magnetics where he was the inventor of BioMAG, a The family of the late Phyllis A. A Writ of Error Coram Nobis To colloidal magnetic material used in cell Brauner, a long-time member of the Remedy Fraud Upon This Court, is separation and in vitro immunoassays, Northeastern Section, has joined two based on the earlier case, United and brought six drug candidates to other families in reopening a landmark States v. Reynolds. In this case, three Phase 1 trials. Four of these drug can- Supreme Court Decision. widows of civilian engineers in the didates were designed for in vivo diag- Dr. Brauner, who was active with the crash — one of them William Brauner nostics as MRI contrast agents; two section until her death in 2000, is hon- — sued the government over their hus- were designed as therapeutic agents for ored for her work with the Section by bands’ death. The government refused hepatitis B and parenteral iron replace- an annual Memorial Lecture during to release the Air Force report on the ment. Two of these drug candidates National Chemistry Week and an crash, citing national security concerns are for sale, one is awaiting approval, annual student book award. regarding the electronic equipment on and one is in Phase 2 trials. In addition The 1953 decision, which board. The ruling out of the Supreme to pharmaceutical development experi- stemmed from the 1948 military plane Court remains the legal standard con- ence, Dr. Groman has extensive expe- crash that killed Dr. Brauner’s husband cerning government secrecy. rience in immunodiagnostics where he and eight other men, established the Nearly fifty years after the helped shape the technology and prod- government’s right to keep secret Supreme Court decision, the daughter uct lines of companies including Clini- information whose release it believes of one of the engineers found the now- cal Assays, Corning Diagnostics, could endanger national security. declassified report on-line and learned Serono Diagnostics, Advanced Mag- However, in a petition filed with that the military had not only lied to netics and Compucyte. Dr. Groman the Supreme Court on February 26, the three widows but the Supreme has published 30 scientific papers, two 2003, the families of the three victims Court as well. The cause of the acci- poems, and is an inventor with 29 argue that the government was cover- dent was human error. issued patents. ing up human error, not protecting The interest in the current filing NESACS Service: He has served national security, when it fought to has attracted national attention, on as program chair and chair of the keep the accident report private. National Public Radio and the press. medicinal chemistry group and is cur- The Supreme Court, Petition For rently a Director-at-Large of NESACS.

8 The Nucleus May 2003 Memberships and interests: Dr. NESACS Service: Younger ChemLuminary award for the “Out- Groman is a member of the American Chemists Committee (NESACS- standing Performance by Local Section Chemical Society (27 years) and YCC)- Founding member, Co-chair Very Large Size Category”. This belongs to the Carbohydrate Chemistry (1999), Chair (2000-02), Co-chair award was supported by the exchange and Analytical Chemistry divisions. (2003); Chair Career Development initiative between NESACS and the He is a past member of AAAS and Committee, Chair, Social Committee, GDCh (German Chemical Society). American Association of Clinical Co-chair (1999-2003); Coordinator of Beginning in 2001, as a member of the Chemistry (AACC). Dr . Groman the 2001-2003 YCC Career Work- NESACS-GDCh initiative steering earned a brown belt in kempo karate shops. Northeast Student Chemistry committee, we organized a weeklong and enjoys skiing and bird watching. Research Conference (NSCRC) Com- visit to Boston of 10 German students Statement: I am honored to be mittee- Founding member, Co-chair from the JungChemiker Forum (YCC). offered the opportunity to stand for and Speakers Officer (1999-2000); The focus of the week was a sympo- election to the office of Chair of Chair 2001; Co-chair 2002. Member sium on education in the US and in NESACS. The leadership of NESACS of the steering committee for the Germany, and participation of the Ger- provided by the past and current chair- exchange initiative between NESACS man students at the Northeast Student persons together with committee mem- and the GDCh (2000 –); YCC position Chemistry Research Conference bers has done a very creditable job on the NESACS board (2000-03); (NSCRC). At the 2001 NSCRC, I also meeting the challenges of running our Nominating Committee (2001) Direc- organized the attendance of the 2001 society, both in educational and social tor- at- Large (2002); Corporate Affili- President of the ACS, Dr. Attila programs and serving the chemical ates Committee (2003). YCC Pavlath. For the past two years, the community. I pledge to continue this ChemLuminary award received in exchange has been held in Germany, responsible leadership. I am commit- 2000, 2001 and 2002. focusing on international education ted to serving in the fullest capacity to Other Related Professional Expe- and careers, and the attendance of the maintain these high levels of quality rience/Service: Boston University US students at an international within our society. I hope to bring Younger Chemists Committee- research conference, the Euregionale. increased corporate involvement in Founder and President (1999-2000); The 4th exchange will be hosted by funding and sponsorship to the many Chair, Career Development Committee NESACS in the spring of 2004. diverse activities of our section. Please (1999-2001); Co-chair, Social Com- Over the past three years as chair exercise your right to vote. Thank you. mittee (1999-2001); Member of the of the NESACS-YCC, we have won Graduate Student Organization of three consecutive ChemLuminary Amy E. Tapper Boston University (1998-99); Student awards, and I expect that we will win member of the Boston University our fourth at the National ACS Meet- Chemistry Graduate Affairs Commit- ing in NY this September. tee (2000-01). Many younger chemists may not be Statement: Over the past five years aware of the career services, mentor- I have taken on leadership positions in ing, and networking functions that are the NESACS-YCC as well as on the provided by NESACS. As chair, I NESACS board. During this period, I would continue to support these activi- have recognized the need to have more ties. Over the past three years, I have younger chemists involved in the sec- organized an annual career workshop, tion. The average age of the NESACS which included speakers not only from board members is approximately 58 industry and academia but also govern- years, with 67% of our board over the ment, law, and business. Since 1999, I Education: B.S., Boston College age of 55. For the future of our local have also or ganized an annual (1992); Ph.D., Boston University section, it is imperative that we have social/networking event for younger (2003). younger chemists active on committees chemists in the Boston area. Professional Experience: Aquatec, and the NESACS board. Younger In summary, to maintain the suc- Inc., Colchester, VT (1994-95); Wyeth- chemists can learn from the experience cess of our local section I will promote Ayerst Pharmaceuticals, Rouses Point, of our members and bring new ideas to the involvement of younger chemists NY (1995); Senior Scientist, Geltex the section. We need to increase the on NESACS committees and board Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA participation of younger chemists both positions. I will encourage higher (subsidiary of Genzyme) (2001 – ). from academia and industry as well as attendance of all members at monthly ACS Service: Member 1995 – pres- increase our industrial participation as meetings and I will continue to support ent. Boston National ACS Meeting a whole. career development and networking Committee, 2002. Councilor (2003 – Our section is strong as a result of programs, including the exchange ini- 06). Recipient of a 2002 ACS YCC the continued dedication of our mem- tiative with the GDCh. Leadership Development Award. bers. In 2002, NESACS was awarded a Continued on page 10

The Nucleus May 2003 9 as Secretary for the NESACS I have As with any volunteer organiza- Secretary been able to increase the visibility of tion, the organization is only as strong the Section Secretary and increase the as the membership and those volunteer Michael Singer efficiency of the position of Secretary. members that actively participate in Education: B.S., State University of The biggest improvement is in Com- the planning and execution of the vari- New York at Stony Brook (1986); munication by utilizing both Email and ous events. The strength of the M.S., Brandeis University (1988); the section website (www.nesacs.org). NESACS lies in its membership. For Ph.D., Brandeis University (1993). As our website undergoes its upgrade I the membership to be strong, commu- Professional Experience: Post- intend to continue to work with the nications is critical. With your support Doctoral Research Associate, Organix NESACS Webmaster to make the min- for another term as Secretary for the Inc. (1991-94); Senior Scientist, utes of the NESACS Board of Direc- NESACS I will strive to increase the ArQule Inc. (1994-96); Group Leader, tors available immediately after their flow of communication between all Automated Combinatorial Synthesis, approval by the Board. This empowers facets of our section membership. ArQule Inc. (1996-2001); Group our membership to be aware of the Leader, Combinatorial Chemistry, current issues facing our section. I Sigma-RBI Inc. (2001-). have also instituted written report prior ACS Service: Councilor, (1996- to the NESACS meetings. This enables Trustee 2001); Alternate Councilor, (2003-); our section committee chairs to submit NESACS Service: Secretary- a written report instead of an oral Joseph A. Lima NESACS 1998-present; Board of report at the monthly meetings. This Education: B.S. New Bedford Directors (1993-); Medicinal Chem- improves the efficiency of the monthly Institute of Technology (1962); MBA istry Group (MCG) (1991-); MCG meetings by allowing the committee Babson College (1975). Treasurer (1992-93), Program Chair chairs to provide a more detailed report Professional Experience: Current (1994), Chair (1995-96) than can be given orally and permits Career Position: VP Technical and Statement: The traditional role of more time for discussion during the Operations for Houghton Chemical Secretary has been one of limited visi- monthly meetings. This also permits Corporation, Allston, MA. bility. This was to take the minutes of more accurate documentation and the ACS Service: I’ve been a member the monthly meeting of the Board of creation of a permanent record since student affiliate days. Directors and to report back to the (archive) for future use by NESACS NESACS Service: My major Board of Directors. During my tenure members. involvement has been with the Board of Publications for The Nucleus and currently as an NEACS Trustee. Addi- tionally, I’ve served on a number of ad hoc committees. Statement: Our section is fortu- nate to have endowment funds avail- able to support our many worthwhile activities. These activities benefit both our members and the “chemical com- munity” in general. If reelected as a Trustee, I will continue to work with the other Trustees to ensure our funds are invested conservatively, managed wisely and used responsibly. May I have your vote?

Councilor/Alternate Coun- cilor Michaeline F. Chen Education: Clarke College, B. A.; Boston College, M. S. Professional Experience: US Army Research Laboratory. Materials Directorate. Chemist, Associate (1985

10 The Nucleus May 2003 – 97); Primary Investigator. (Retired) serve you as a councilor. industry and will continue to encour- Microbac Laboratories, Inc. (1998 – age interdisciplinary research and 2002); Consultant (2001-); Wellesley Catherine Costello training and to highlight new opportu- College. Research Associate nities for chemists in diverse areas of Education: AB degree (chem- ACS Service: Member of ACS work and study, at all stages of their istry) Emmanuel College; MS and PhD since 1976; Councilor of NESACS education and careers. degrees (organic chemistry) George- (1984-); Council Committee on town University. Admission, Member (2000-); Associ- Professional Experience: Prof. of Mark Froimowitz ate Member (1998 –99); International Biochemistry and Biophysics and Education: B.S. Chemistry, Brook- Activities Committee, Associate Mem- Founding Director of the BUSM Mass lyn College (1968); Ph.D. Physical ber (1995-); Economic and Profes- Spectrometry Resource and the Car- Chemistry, New York University sional Affairs Committee (1994); diovascular Proteomics Center, Boston (1972). Economic Status Committee Member Univ. School of Medicine; Associate Professional Experience: Postdoc- (1989-1993); Associate member Director of the MIT MS Resource toral fellowship, Brandeis University (1988); Public Relations Committee, (1975-95). (1972-73); postdoctoral fellowship, Associate Member (1987-88). ACS Service: Councilor for the New England Medical Center Hospi- NESACS Service: Member of the Northeastern Section (1989-present; tals (1973-74); applications analyst, Board of Directors (1984 -); Chair of Alt., 1986-88), International Activities Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Membership Committee (2001 -); Committee and chair of its subcommit- Cambridge (1974-76); Instructor, Uni- Chair of International Chemistry Cele- tee on International Outreach/Develop- versity of Lowell (1976-77); Assistant bration for Y2K (1999 – 2000); Profes- ing Countries. She has completed Biochemist, McLean Hospital (1977- sional Relations Committee (1988 many tours for the ACS Speakers 86); Research Associate in Psychiatry –1998); National Meeting & Centen- Bureau; Standing Council Committee (Psychobiology), Harvard Medical nial Celebration in Boston (1998); on Constitution and Bylaws (1994-99). School (1977-79); Instructor, Depart- Nominating Committee (1988, 1995); NESACS Service: Constitution and ment of Psychiatry (Psychobiology), Served and Chaired on the Sum- Bylaws Committee, current chair; four Harvard Medical School (1979-87); merthing/Fallfest Committee (1982 terms on the Nominating Committee; Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, –92); Organizing and Planning Com- Bd. of Publications, Member and Chair Tufts University (1986); Associate Bio- mittee, ACS National Meeting in Member: President of the American chemist, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Boston and the Public Relations Chair- Society for Mass Spectrometry (2002- MA (1987-93); Assistant Professor, person (1990); Chair of the Public 04); member of AAAS, the Society for Department of Psychiatry (Molecular Relations Committee, (1988); Chair of Glycobiology and the Biophysical Pharmacology), Harvard Medical the Hospitality Committee, including Society, and serves on NIH review School (1988-93); Senior Scientist, the IUPAC Meeting in Boston 1986 panels and several editorial and advi- Molecular Design, Pharm-Eco Labora- (1984-87); sory boards. She is the author or coau- tories (1994-98); Scientific Fellow, Awards: Henry A. Hill Award thor of about 180 scientific papers. Pharm-Eco Laboratories (1998-2002); (1997). Statement: I wish to continue to Research Professor of Chemistry, Statement: I have a strong sense of serve as a Councilor for the Northeast- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy enthusiasm for the activities of the ern Section in order to keep the inter- and Health Sciences (2002-). Northeastern Section and for the ests of our members before the Memberships and Honors: Ameri- American Chemical Society. I serve on National ACS, to provide input to can Association for the Advancement both the Admissions Committee and national policies based on my experi- of Science (1972-); American Chemi- International Activities Committee at ence with educational institutions, cal Society (1978-); Quantum Chem- the National ACS, and Chair of the research funding programs and istry Program Exchange (1978-); Membership Committee of the Local national and international exchange of Medicinal Chemistry Group of the Section. If elected, I would continue to scientists and information, and to Northeastern Section of the American broaden the Northeastern section’s increase access of our members to the Chemical Society (1978-); Interna- influence on National ACS policy wide resources available to support tional QSAR Society (1993-); Society decisions; increase interactions their work and careers. Although our for Neuroscience (1994-), Boston Area between our Section and the National research often straddles a wide range Neuroscience (1998-). Society, and increase the involvement of activities, it is important that the Research Interests: Molecular of the membership in its activities. If ACS remain a central feature in our modeling using molecular mechanical elected, I shall continue to devote my professional lives and in those of our and quantum mechanical methods; time and energy for the good of our students and colleagues. I strongly sup- conformational analysis using experi- members. I would truly be honored port collaborations among academic mental and theoretical methods; and and grateful to receive your support institutions and between academia and the design and synthesis of pharmaco- and your vote so that I may continue to

The Nucleus May 2003 11 logical compounds with dopamine and oceanography): Wrentham H.S., King 1988; Aula Laudis Award, 1989; Henry opioid activities. About 60 publica- Philip R.H.S., Brookline H.S. Retired A. Hill Award, 1989; Theodore W. tions and 6 issued patents 1995. Adjunct at Emerson College, Richards Award, 1994. NESACS Service: Medicinal Suffolk University. Current: Instruc- Statement: On the local level, we Chemistry Group, Secretary-Treasurer tional Support Staff, Oak Hill Middle should encourage member participa- (1981-82), Program Chairman (1990); School, Newton. Head Sailing Coach: tion in monthly meetings and increase Chairman (1991). Brookline H.S. (1972-98); Common- involvement by our membership on Statement: I have been a member wealth School (1992-); Winsor School section committees to provide of the Northeastern section for well (2000-). improved member services. On the over 20 years. During that time, I have ACS Service: Member since 1955. national level, we should use our sec- not been active in the section itself TV: Chemistry and Life Mechanisms, tion’s tremendous potential to influ- though I have been very active in the WHDH-TV, Ch. 5, Boston; ACS ence ACS policy and activities. Medicinal Chemistry Group of the sec- Speakers Bureau: Tours to New York tion. I would like to become more (1980), North Central (1986), Gulf Lowell H. Hall involved with the section and to learn Coast (1987), Lake Lands (1988), Pal- Education: BS degree in Chemistry, about the various issues that it faces metto (1990), Mid-South (1995), Eastern Nazarene College (1959); PhD today. I have been employed in both Ozark (1999), Mid-West (2000), Car- in Physical Chemistry, The Johns Hop- academia and industry and, if you olina (2002); kins University (1963). choose the elect me, I hope to use my NESACS Service: ACS Task Force Professional Experience: National experience to make the right decisions on Education. Chair, Chemistry Educa- Research Council postdoctoral fellow- that will benefit the section and the tion Committee; Chair, Summerthing; ship at The National Bureau of Stan- chemical community. Chair, Northeastern Section (1981). dards (Washington, DC) for research in Honors: General Electric Science single crystal x-ray crystallography in Fellow, 1956; Lyman Newell Award, Wallace J. Gleekman 1963. My first teaching position was at 1962; Northeast U.S. Regional Award, Education: Bridgewater State Col- Florida Atlantic University from 1964 1972; James B. Conant Award, 1974; lege, B.S. (1951); Boston University, until 1967 when I became Associate John A. Timm Award, 1981; Mass Sci- Ed.M. (1952); Walden University, Professor of Chemistry at Eastern ence Teacher Presidential Nominee, Ph.D. (1982). Nazarene College in Quincy, MA. I 1985; Norfolk County Honor Award, Professional Experience: Science was appointed Chairman of the 1986; Mass Teachers Assn Award, Teacher (chemistry, physics, biology, Department of Chemistry in 1967 and then Chairman of the Division of Nat- GATEWAY CHEMICAL ural Sciences in 1976. I stepped down from these positions in 1999. TECHNOLOGY ACS Service: Committee for the preparation of the Quantum Chemistry section of the ACS Physical Chemistry CUSTOM SYNTHESIS Standardized Exam, chair for three • Pharmaceuticals years • Agrichemicals NESACS Service: Norris-Richards • Combinatorial Platforms Summer Scholar Research Committee, • Competitor's Products member for six years, the last three as • Intermediates Chair. • Analytical Standards Honors: Lindbach Award for Out- • Metabolites standing Teaching as a Teaching Assis- tant and elected to Phi Beta Kappa PROCESS DEVELOPMENT (Johns Hopkins University). • Process Evaluation Statement: My research program • New Route Development deals primarily with theoretical drug design in which I have developed SPECTROSCOPIC SERVICES novel computer-based methods for • LCMS (APCI and API-ES) molecular structure representation. I • NMR (300 MHz) have published four books and was • GCMS (EI) invited to contribute ten chapters in 11810 Borman Dr • Saint Louis, Missouri 63146 other books. My research has led to 314.220.2691 (office) • 314.991.2834 (fax) over 100 research papers, many co- www.gatewaychemical.com • [email protected] authored by my undergraduate stu-

12 The Nucleus May 2003 dents. Further, I have created the Mol- oration between the teaching of math NESACS Service: Currently: Editor conn software for computation of topo- and the teaching of chemistry might be of The Nucleus (7/1989-); Const. and logical descriptors of molecular helpful. Bylaws Comm.; Esselen Award Com- structure, a representation of structure A third area of interest for me is the mittee (2000-03), Chair (2003); now widely used in the pharmaceutical public image of chemistry. Various Awards Committee (Chair 1996-1997); industry. This approach is now incor- issues and events have conspired to Nominating Committee several times, porated into software available from give chemistry a somewhat negative last: (1996); Chairman sequence MDL, Tripos, ChemSilico and Edu- image. Although the actual nexus of (1967-69); Treasurer (1959-62); Mem- Soft. this image problem is difficult to pin- ber and chairman of numerous com- My career has been largely centered point exactly, the problem should be mittees in the past. in the under graduate program in addressed in an on-going effort. I Honors: Henry A. Hill Award for chemistry, including forty years as a believe we need an excellent public Distinguished Service to the Northeast- chemistry professor. Professional inter- relations campaign to improve the ern Section (1986); Sigma Xi (1942) ests have taken me into the arena of image of chemistry as an industrial Statement: Having represented the consulting in industry and also into the enterprise, a way of thinking, and as an Section at most Council meetings for high school area through the Science attractive profession. We need to find over 30 years either as Councilor or Fair program in Massachusettsin. As a ways to portray the excitement as well Alternate Councilor, I am eager to con- result of my professional experiences, I as the benefits derived from chemistry. tinue serving the Section in this capac- have three areas of significant interest: This campaign could be carried out ity. In the ACS I have stood for a First, the undergraduate chemistry pro- through the schools, colleges and uni- strong voice of the Local Sections in gram must be continually developed. versities as well as in the public media. ACS governance. I favor a strong The excellent efforts of the Division of Perhaps, appropriate materials could stand by the ACS in support of chem- Chemical Education and the Journal of be prepared by the ACS for free distri- istry as profession. I strongly support Chemical Education must be further bution in the high schools. These mate- activities of the ACS which advance a supported. I have felt that the quality rials could be designed with a dual positive public recognition of chem- of these activities has provided chem- purpose: the excitement of interesting istry as the central science. istry faculty with an advantage over problems and illustration of fundamen- In NESACS, I strongly support and many other professions that lack such tal principles of chemistry. This cam- hope to help advance program enrich- high quality professional activities. At paign could have the ef fect of ment and increased communication this time, however, it may be beneficial attracting the best students into careers both with its members and with the to step up the curricular activities. in chemistry and related fields. general public by excellent educational Much is happening in the practice of programs and general interest pro- chemistry that is difficult to translate Arno H. A. Heyn grams. into the undergraduate program, espe- Education: B.S., Ph.D., Univ. of cially in instrumentation and in com- Michigan (analyt. chemistry). Patricia A. Mabrouk putational chemistry. To keep pace Professional Experience: Boston Education: A.B., Wellesley College with these developments, some new University (Instructor to Professor, (1982); Ph.D., M.I.T. (1988). approaches to curriculum and teaching 1947-84); Prof. emer. (1984); visiting Professional Experience: N.I.H. may be necessary, including coopera- scientist appointments at Brookhaven Postdoctoral Fellowship, Stanford Uni- tive programs with industry. Laboratory; Eidgen. Techn. Hochschule versity (1988-90); Assistant Professor, My second area of interest is the (Zurich); Kernforschungzentrum Karl- Northeastern University (1990-97); high school program in chemistry. The sruhe Associate Professor, Northeastern Uni- concerns over safety in the laboratory ACS Service: 50-year member; versity (1997-). together with financial pressures on Councilor (1967-97); Alt. Councilor ACS Service: Associate member of local school committees make signifi- (1998-2003); Elected Committees: ACS SEED National Committee cant development of laboratory skills Comm. On Committees (1992-94); (2003). very difficult. In a time when concerns Council Policy Comm. (1986-91); NESACS Service: ACS SEED over handling chemical materials and vice-chairman (1987-88); Council Coordinator (1998-present); Member also various environmental issues are Committees: Local Section Activities, of the Theodore William Richards increasing, it is even more important Associate, (8/1996-1997), Const. and ACS Medal (1999-present); Chair of that high school students be better pre- Bylaws (1980-85), chairman (1983- the Theodore William Richards ACS pared in these areas. An important 85), Consultant (2003); Membership Medal (2000-present). related area is development of mathe- Affairs (1968-72, 1973-79), secretary Member: American Chemical Soci- matical skills, especially in problem (1970-72), 1973-79). Canvassing ety; American Association for the solving. Since chemistry provides an Committee for ACS Inorg. Chemistry Advancement of Science, National excellent area for application of basic Award (1985). Science Teachers Association, mathematical principles, closer collab-

The Nucleus May 2003 13 Honors: Sigma Xi Planck-Institut für Strömungs- Honors: Outstanding Faculty Award Statement: Due to the large number forschung, Göttingen, Germany (1977- (1990); Outstanding Teacher Award, of colleges and universities in our 79); Research Associate, University of College of Engineering and Physical urban arena, we are in a unique posi- Toronto (1979-83); Assistant Professor. Sciences (1990). tion as a section to positively impact Eastern Michigan University (1983- Statement: I have been closely our field for the future. We have a 85); Assistant Prof; UNH (1985-90); involved with NESACS since 1999. I unique opportunity to positively affect Assoc. Prof. (1990-94); Professor have tried hard to make the chemists in student attitudes toward chemistry and (1994-); Chair (1998-). Visiting Posi- New Hampshire a more integral part of so to increase the number of women tions: UC Santa Barbara; Northwestern the organization. I co-chaired the com- and minorities in our field and allied U. mittee that dedicated Conant Hall on fields. As a councilor, I would like to Research: Physical Chemistry, the University of New Hampshire continue and expand our efforts to Chemical Physics. Gas phase reaction campus as an ACS National Historic recruit and retain local undergraduate dynamics; gas-surface interactions; Chemical Landmark in 1999. I chaired and graduate students who are study- structure, dynamics, and thermody- the 2001 Northeast Regional Meeting ing chemistry and related fields, namics of clusters and polymers; opti- (NERM) in New Hampshire, and expand our outreach to high school mization algorithms. Over sixty papers hosted the September 2002 monthly teachers and college and university in peer-reviewed journals. NESACS meeting in Portsmouth, NH. faculties, and serve as an active voice ACS Service: NESACS Alternate If elected, I will work to keep the New for our diverse membership with the Councilor (2002-03); Co-chair, Local Hampshire constituency a vital one, national ACS. Committee, ACS Nationa Historic and one that continues to contribute Chemical Landmark, UNH (1999); towards the work and strength of the Howard R. Mayne General Chair, Northeast Regional Section. Meeting (NERM 2001); Chair, NERM Education: B.Sc. (1974), M.Sc. Steering Committee (2001-03) (1975), Ph. D. (1977), Univ. of Man- Julia H. Miwa NESACS Service: National Meet- chester, UK Education: B.A.(. (magna cum ing Committee (2002); Norris Award Professional Experience: Professor laude, honors in chemistry) Haverford Committee (2003) and Chair, Department of Chemistry, College (1985); Ph.D., M.I.T. (1992). Member: ACS, American Physical University of New Hampshire, Professional Experience: Wellesley Society, Council for Chemical Durham, NH. Postdoctoral, Max- College, Assoc. Prof. (2002-), Asst. Research, Alpha Chi Sigma Prof. (1994-2002); Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Res., Visiting Scientist (1997-2001) with Dr. Peter S. Kim; NIH Postdoctoral Fellow, Univ. of Cal- ifornia, Berkeley with Prof. Paul A. Bartlett (1992-94). ACS Service: Councilor (1999- 2001) NESACS Service: Membership Committee (2000-01) Member: American Chemical Soci- ety, AAAS; Honors: Pinanski Prize for Excel- lence in Teaching, Wellesley College (1997); Camille and Henry Dreyfus Faculty Start-up Grant for Undergradu- ate Institutions National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellowship (1992). Sigma Xi; Phi Beta Kappa. Research: Synthesis and Conforma- tional Studies of Peptide Analogs with Backbone Modifications; Synthesis and Evaluation of Thioxo Peptide Analogs of the GCN4 Leucine Zipper Helix; Design, synthesis, and evalua- tion of inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. Synthesis of a combinatorial library of

14 The Nucleus May 2003 phosphinate inhibitors of thermolysin. 02; Brand Manager (1997-99); R&D has provided me with a unique set of Statement: My first term as a Laboratory Manager (1986-96). skills to strengthen the programs and Councilor for NESACS was very ACS Service: Councilor, (1995- operation of NESACS. I will focus on instructive. At local and national 2003); Committee on Committees supporting the diversification of pro- meetings, my fellow NESACS Coun- (2001-03), chair of Industrial Pipeline grams, and the development of new cilors helped me become familiar with Task Force; Committee on Member- leaders for the Section in my next the workings of the ACS Council and ship Affairs, (1997-00), Associate three-year term. the challenges facing local sections. If (1996); Committee on International I am a member of the Committee on elected to another term, I hope to put Activities, Associate (1998). Committees whose function is to staff this experience to work on behalf of NESACS Service: Chair (1993); other committees in ACS governance. I the Northeastern Section. Chair-Elect and Program Chair (1992); realized the need for succession plan- My particular areas of interest are Project SEED, Committee Chair , ning while serving in this elected posi- (a) chemical education and the issues (1994-95); Nominating Committee, tion. NESACS would be more facing academic chemists (job security Chair (1994); Co-chair Centennial Cel- effective with a pipeline of potential issues, ACS curricula, and K-12 ebration (1998). leaders for Board positions and com- teacher training are a few of the hot Member: ACS since 1973; NOBC- mittee chairs. I will work with the issues in this area) and (b) the status of ChE; AAPS. ASMS, ACS Divisions: Board on leadership development. chemical professionals and of chem- Agrochemicals; Analytical Chemistry; I have participated in programs istry as a discipline (outreach activities and Biological Chemistry. sponsored by organizations such as the and communication with legislators Honors: Sigma Xi; Distinguished New England Board of Higher Educa- fall under this heading). If elected, I Alumni, University of Cincinnati, tion that nurture minorities interested would seek to work on Council Com- awarded by both McMickens College in chemistry. I can foresee joint activi- mittees that address these particular of Arts and Sciences and Center for ties with these types of organizations, issues. Women Studies; Waters’ Manager leading to NESAC programs that are ACS serves a diverse group of Award for Innovation, (1987, 1988). broader in scope and target audience. chemical professionals. The member- Related Activities: Delegate with I ask you to support my serving as ship includes male and female profes- the People to People Ambassador Pro- Councilor of NESACS. A stronger sec- sionals of varying ages, races, gram to China in 1990 with a group of tion and a more dynamic global Ameri- educational levels, and professional scientists for technology transfer; can Chemical Society can become a interests. For the most part, ACS Established Waters’ sponsorship of the reality. Council does not reflect this diversity. Distinguished Service Award in Ana- The NESACS delegation reflects the lytical Chemistry given by the Divi- Michael Singer diversity of the ACS membership bet- sion of Analytical Chemistry; Partners (For the biographical information, ter than most, and this is a direct result in Mathematics and Science Commit- see above under Secretary) of the efforts of our leaders to encour- tee of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Statement for Councilor: The age participation from all members of Incorporated, coordinating the North- Northeastern Section of the American NESACS. There are many qualified eastern Section’s sponsorship of pro- Chemical Society has over 6000 mem- candidates on this year’s ballot, and all grams that focus on increasing the bers. Our collective voice needs to be will represent NESACS well. I hope math and science interest of minority heard. During my prior tenure as the voters will do as they have done in students in greater Boston; Approxi- Councilor for the NESACS I have had the past and select a varied slate of mately 70 publications and presenta- the opportunity to bring that voice Councilors to represent NESACS. I tions on HPLC. directly to the attention of the national would be pleased to serve again as Statement: The American Chemical officers of the American Chemical Councilor of the NESACS and to share Society (ACS) achieves its goals and Society. Maintaining open communica- my experience with any new Coun- objectives through the volunteer efforts tion between the local and national cilors elected this time. of its individual members. The mem- officers of the ACS is critical to the bers also grow from their volunteer growth of our professional organiza- service to the ACS. The Society and I Dorothy J. Phillips tion. As your local elected representa- have benefited from my serving three Education: B.A., Vanderbilt Uni- tive to the National ACS Council I terms as Councilor for the Northeast- versity (1967); Ph.D, University of would hope that you send your con- ern Section (NESACS). I wish to serve Cincinnati, (1974). cerns and issues to me so I may direct the ACS to achieve my vision for a Professional Experience: Dow them to the appropriate offices of the more dynamic, global American Chemical Company (1974-84); Waters ACS. I have over the past few years Chemical Society. I want to continue Corporation (1984-): Director, New been able to aid in the transfer of as Councilor in order to realize my Business Development, 2003, Director, knowledge from the National to the vision for ACS. The combination of Strategic Program Management, 2000- Local level ranging from membership my corporate career and ACS service

The Nucleus May 2003 15 to expositions to the Employment (2002-). Clearing House to the Chemistry ACS Service: Alternate Councilor, Alfred Viola Olympiad. With your support and vote NESACS (1994-96). Education: BA, MA, Johns Hop- I pledge to continue to work as a voice NESACS Service: Nominating kins University; Ph.D., University of for the local membership Committee (Elected member) (1985, Maryland. 1988, 1995). Professional Experience: Boston J. Donald Smith Member: American Chemical Soci- University, Research Associate (1955- ety (1966), American Society for Bio- Education: Columbia University, 57); Northeastern University: Asst. chemistry and Molecular Biology B.A. (1965); Ph.D., University of Prof. (1957-62), Assoc. Prof. (1963- (1981), AAAS (1966); Advisory Panel Chicago (1969); Post-doctoral Fellow, 68). Professor (1968-97), Prof. Emeri- for the Cellular Biochemistry Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine tus (1997-); Visiting Professor: NSF (1989-92); Education and Profes- (1970-74). University of Munich, Germany sional Development Committee, Professional Experience: Chancel- (1977), Monash University, Australia American Society for Biochemistry lor Professor Emeritus, Department of (1984); Visiting Scholar, Wellesley and Molecular Biology (1987-); Edito- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Univer- College, (1992-). rial Board Biochemistry and Molecular sity of Massachusetts Dartmouth. ACS Service: Councilor, NESACS Biology Education (1999-). Research Scientist, New York State (1986-88, 1998-2000); Alternate Coun- Honors: SigmaXi (1968); Dreyfus Department of Mental Hygiene (1974- cilor, NESACS (1963-68, 1990-97, Scholar/Fellow Award (1997). 75); Miami University, Assistant Pro- 2001-03). Statement: Now that I have fessor of Chemistry (1975-82); joint NESACS Service: Continuing Edu- ‘retired’ I feel that I am in a position to appointment Department of Biochem- cation Committee (1989-), Co-Chair give much more to the Section than I istry, Wright State University School (1989), Chair 1990-). have been able to do previously. I am of Medicine (1975-77); University of Honors: Henry A. Hill Award particularly interested in working on Massachusetts Dartmouth: Asst. Prof. (1996). those Committees which have done so (1982-84), Assoc. Prof. (1984-89), Statement: I was honored to receive much recently in getting new people Professor (1989-97), Chancellor Pro- the Henry A. Hill Award in 1996 for active in the section. fessor (1997 - 2002); Department Distinguished Service to the Northeast- Chair (1990-94); Adjunct Professor ern Section, but that did not entitle me to rest on my laurels. As Chair of the Continuing Education Committee I have been responsible for bringing National ACS Short Courses to the Section at a fraction of the tuition costs normally associated with these pro- grams. Many of the cutting edge topics covered in such courses were not in any curriculum for Chemists graduat- ing as recently as five years ago. I firmly believe this to be a vital activity which the Section must undertake to provide our membership the opportu- nity to stay abreast of the ever evolv- ing advances and changes in the world of Chemistry. In a different vein, I firmly believe that the problems facing the chemical profession and its practitioners are more numerous and profound than at any previous time in the history of the science. But so too are the opportuni- ties for Chemistry to contribute to the health and welfare of society as a whole. We must do more to educate our political leadership whose scientif- ically uninformed decisions often hin- der scientific progress in this nation. We also must address the rampant sci-

16 The Nucleus May 2003 entific illiteracy within the public at Expositions (2003); Society Commit- efit analysis. Income from Publica- large. There is a need for far greater tee on Budget and Finance, (1992- tions and CAS provides most of the understanding of the truths and mis- 2000); Council Policy Committee, working capital of the Society. We conceptions which abound about the (1989-91), non-voting (1985-87); Soci- must assure that these programs world of Chemistry. The world of ety Committee on Publications (1981- remain financially sound and available advertising is rampant with misstate- 88), Chairman, (1985-87); C&EN to members. ACS has many competi- ments regarding chemicals, or lack Editorial Advisory Board, Chairman tors out there. At the local level we thereof, in individual products. Chem- (1985-87); Society Committee on need programs and meeting sites that istry has long been a positive force in Chemical Abstracts (1986-88); Divi- serve our members. NESACS the welfare of society but the general sion of Chemical Information: Chair- National Chemistry Day Program is public now perceives it otherwise. I man (1983), Secretary, (1978-81); excellent and a wonderful way to fos- would like to see the A.C.S. address Editorial Advisory Board, Journal of ter interest in chemistry in our chil- this issue more forcefully. Chemical Information and Computer dren. To sum up, I plan to continue to I would appreciate your vote to pro- Sciences (1982-84); serve NESACS actively and to repre- vide me the opportunity to continue NESACS Service: Bd. of Directors sent your concerns with our national my activities on behalf of this Section (as Councilor) (2002-03). organization. and to represent these views within the Honors: Meritorious Service Northeastern Section and the National Award, Chemical Information Division Council. ACS (1995); Iota Sigma pi; Beta Phi Mu Director-at-Large David Warr Related Activities: Industrial Tech- nical Information Mgrs. Group, Chair Henry Brown Statement: I am a Professor of (1989-90). Education: A.B., University of Biology and Chemistry and presently Statement: It is a privilege to serve Michigan; M.D., University of Penn- Chair of the Department of Natural NESACS currently as a Councilor. I sylvania Medical School, Didactic Sciences at Bristol Community Col- now also have an appointment on the training in surgery. lege in Fall River. After earning my Council Committee on Meetings and Professional Experience: Three Ph.D. in Biochemistry at Boston Uni- Expositions (M&E). My background years as a physician in the United versity and engaging in post-doctoral in ACS governance will provide me States Navy; Runyon Cancer Research research at the University of Pittsburgh with the tools to be an effective, con- Fellow in Biochemistry at the Univer- School of Medicine, I began my teach- tributing member of this committee. sity of Cambridge in England with Dr. ing career, which has now spanned 32 Meetings should be more affordable Fred Sanger working on the sequenc- years. I feel strongly that community and available to members. Currently ing of different species of insulin; Sur- college representation, as a councilor programming is a major problem due gical Residency with Professor Erwin would benefit our faculty and staff as to the necessity of scheduling and Schmidt at the University of Wiscon- well as our colleagues at more tradi- coordinating the large number of sin-Madison; Nakoosa Paper Co. tional colleges and universities. required meeting rooms. Better coor- Research Fellow in the Sur gical Knowledge of standards and trends in dination of related programs and spe- Research Laboratory and later a Fac- chemical education through the activi- cial events is needed. Regional ulty Member; Faculty member of the ties of the ACS and its affiliates will meetings, one of my assignments on Department of Surgery Harvard Med- enable us to encourage and prepare M&E, may provide some answers to ical School for the past 40 years; Sur- potential chemists for the future. I these problems. This is especially true gical Fellow and Faculty at the would like to participate in that with the current curtailment of travel Harvard Surgical Unit and Sears Surgi- process. by many employers. Keeping meet- cal Research Laboratory at Boston ings at breakeven or positive finan- City Hospital eventually becoming Barbara G. Wood cially is a major goal of M&E. assistant director until Harvard left that Education: B.S.(. (cum laude), Registration fees are escalating and are Hospital. Ursinus College (1961); M.S., Drexel a major expense for attendees. Exposi- Honors: The usual accolades, writ- University (1970) tion revenues are rising and may pro- ings, visiting professorships, etc. that Professional Experience: Rohm vide some assistance. I am concerned go with any academic appointment. and Haas Co. Research Information about ACS finances and how your Research: During all of the above Services Manager (1986-90); Consul- dues dollars are spent. National oper- years at Wisconsin and Harvard on tant (1990-99); retired (1999-). ated at a deficit in 2002 and expects protein nutrition especially hemoglo- ACS Service: Member since 1961; another deficit year in 2003. ACS’s bin, intermediary metabolism of the Councilor: Div. of Chem. Information investments are suffering as are yours liver, liver preservation and liver trans- (1984-86), Philadelphia Section (1987- and mine. We need to inspect carefully plantation. Since then served first at 92); Council Comm. on Meetings and ACS programs and to look to cost ben- the New England Deaconess Hospital

The Nucleus May 2003 17 and currently am serving at the of Undergraduate Labs, Tufts Univer- sity (1988), Graduate level chemistry Brigham and Women’s Hospitals in the sity; Adjunct Professor, WPI; Lecturer, coursework at Hope College, Holland Division of Plastic Surgery and its Assumption College; Lecturer, North- MI and Manhattanville College, New Wound Healing Research Laboratory. ern Essex Community College; Analyt- York, NY. Numerous scientific presentations at ical Chemist, Energy & Environmental Professional Experience: Chem- National and Regional ACS Meetings. Engineering istry Teacher, Brookline High School NESACS Service: Director-at- NESACS Service: Chairperson for (past 18 years). Large (2001-03); Esselen Award Com- National Chemistry Week 2001 (Chem- Honors: Northeastern Section’s mittee (1996-99), Chair (1997). istry and Art Celebration) and 2002 Aula Laudis Award for Excellence in Statement: If elected, I will encour- (Chemistry and Ancient Egypt Cele- HS Chemistry Teaching; National Sci- age a close industrial and academic bration); Phyllis A. Brauner Memorial ence Foundation grant for summer collaboration which I believe essential Lecture Committee, member. study; Newell Grant for summer study; for developing safer and more environ- Statement: As Director-At-Large, I Teacher of the Year Award (2002), pre- mentally friendly methods for chemi- would like to be involved in outreach sented by NEST (Network of Educa- cals and chemical processes in addition activities that help to educate the gen- tors in Science and Technology). to developing drugs and products eral public about chemistry related Statement: I have been very active which otherwise, often for economic issues. I would also like to work in education and leadership roles both reasons, would not be produced. I also toward getting more undergraduate and regionally and nationally since joining believe that encouraging young people graduate students active in the the ACS in 1990, and feel that I share to study chemistry and to become NESACS, for early involvement in the greatly with both local and nationwide members of our Society is the best way ACS allows us to see how our partici- committees. As author of the annual to assure continued growth and pation in the ACS contributes toward Avery Ashdown high school chemistry progress in that discipline. helping others and at the same time exam since 1990 and Chairperson, HS appreciate how much the ACS has to Education Committee, NESACS since Sarah A. Iacobucci offer at each stage in our careers. 1996, I’ve delegated the administration of this section-wide exam with suc- Education: B.S. in Chemistry, cess. My role on the NESACS Board U.Mass-Lowell; Ph.D. Bio-Organic Stephen Lantos of Directors concerns high school pro- Chemistry, Tufts University. Education: B.S., University of grams throughout the section. More Professional Experience: Director Michigan (1984); M.A.,Tufts Univer- recently, I have served as Coordinator for the United States National Chem- istry Olympiad (USNCO) to the sec- tion and organized the High School Day Program at the National Meeting in Boston. I currently serve as Chair of the Laboratory Practical Task Force with the responsibility of designing and writing the lab portion of the USNCO each year. I served in an elected position as Alternate Councilor, NESACS, 1997- 1999, attending national meetings and education committees. It would be my honor to serve as Director-At-Large and hope you’ll consider my experi- ence, involvement, and dedication to NESACS with your vote. Thank you. As an educator, I care deeply about chemical education and awareness. If elected, I will continue to be active and involved in chemical education within the Section and look to increase our participation and involvement at the national level.

18 The Nucleus May 2003 cations 1999 to present; Secretary, NESACS (1984-93). Robert S. Umans Board of Publications, 2000; Chair, NESACS Service: Chairman Education: A.B. Columbia Univer- Board of Publications, 2002; Member, (1985); Chairman-Elect, Program sity, M.S., Ph.D. Yale University; Post- Board of Publications, 2003. Chairman (1984). Nominating and doctoral positions Johns Hopkins Budget Committees in 1984, 1985, University, University of Paris. Donald O. Rickter 1986. Trustee in 1987. Sponsored the Seaborg Proposal to end nuclear test- Professional Experience: Assistant Education: A.B., M.S. (credentials ing in 1985, which led to a Presidential Professor of Chemistry, Boston Uni- for teaching Gr. 7-12) University of Debate at the ACS Chicago Meeting versity; Assistant Professor of Chem- California-Davis; Ph.D., physical- that year. To recognize high school istry, Wellesley College; Adjunct organic chemistry, Michigan State Uni- chemistry teachers, sponsored the Sec- Associate Professor of Chemistry and versity. ondary School Teaching Prize, now the Assistant Director of Laboratories, Professional Experience: U. S. Theodore William Richards Award for Boston College; presently Director of Navy 2 years; H.S. and college teach- Excellence in Teaching, and the Aula Life Science Laboratories, Chemistry ing 3 years; Polaroid Research 31 Laudis Society in 1985; Co-founder of Department, Boston University. years (Scientist and Information Man- the Esselen Award Committee and ACS Service: Member since 1969 ager); now an independent information Member (1985-93), (1995-99), Chair- (Divisions of Biochemistry, Medicinal consultant man (1985-88, 1997);. Committee on Chemistry, Chemical Education) ACS Service: Member of ACS Professional Relations, Chair (1987- NESACS Service: James Flack since 1952; Current member of Divi- 92);. Tours Committee chair at two Norris Award Committee (1996-2000, sions of Chemical Information and ACS National meetings in Boston; Chair 1999-2000, agreed to extend Professional Relations; Alternate NESACS Centennial Committee membership on ad-hoc basis from Councilor, NESACS (off and on since (1998);. Associate Editor of the 2002-2004). 1985); ACS Presidential Task Force on Nucleus since 1988. NESACS Statement: I see the Director-at- K-12 Education (2001). Archivist (1987-). Large position as a way of passing NESACS Service: Chair-elect Honors: NESACS Henry A. Hill along new ideas from our membership 1998; Chair 1999; Nominating Com- Award (2001). to the Board, and I will solicit sugges- mittee Chair 2000; Congressional Sci- Related Activities: IUPAC Plan- tions from colleagues, students, and ence Counselor (8th District, MA, ning Committee for its Boston Meeting other NEACS members. I am espe- 1974-92); Liaison between Polaroid (1987). cially interested in new approaches to and NESACS 1974-96; Program Com- increasing the number of younger col- mittee 1981 and 1998; Board of Publi- leagues who are active in the Section, cations 1983-85; ACS and Polaroid Dean E. Wilcox as well as colleagues who teach at the exhibit at MA State House June 1992; Education: BS (1978), MS (1979), high school level. Nominating Committee 1996; Helped Chemistry, University of California at start the NESACS web page 1996; Co- Riverside; PhD, Chemistry, M.I.T. Chair of Professional Relations Com- (1984). mittee 1997; Worked to plan State Professional Experience: Dart- Nominating Committee Capitol Days in June 1998 and June mouth College: Assistant Professor Patrick M. Gordon 2000; currently: Calendar Coordinator (1984-90), Associate Professor (1990- for The Nucleus. 96), Professor (1996-), Chair, Chem- Education: B.Sc. University of istry Dept. (1991-); recent invited Guyana (1977); M.Sc, University of lectures: “Bioinorganic Chemistry of New South Wales, Australia (1982); Myron S. Simon Nitrogen Oxides” symposium at the Ph.D., University of Manitoba, Canada Education: Boston Latin School 211th National ACS Meeting (3/96); (1987). (1943); Harvard AB (1947), MA 4th International Meeting on Metal- Professional Experience: Post Doc- (1948), PhD, (with Prof. R.B. Wood- lothionein (9/97), “Frontiers in toral Associate, Kansas State Univer- ward), (1949). Bioinorganic Chemistry” symposium sity, (1987-88); Organix Inc., Woburn, Professional Experience: Research at the 82nd Canadian Society of MA (1988-91); Senior Scientist, scientist at Polaroid Corporation Chemists Conference and Exhibition Polaroid Corporation (1991-2001); (1949-88), primarily doing research in (5/99), “Metal-Peptide Complexes” Arqule Inc. (2001-02). the field of instant color photography, symposium at the 221st National ACS ACS Service: Alternate Councilor obtaining more than 70 U.S. patents, Meeting (4/01), 9th International (1994-96, 1997-99, 2000-01). and retiring as Research Fellow and Meeting on EPR Studies of Viable NESACS Service: NERM Chair of Associate Director of Organic Chem- Systems (9/01), Metals in Biology the Symposium on Cannabinoids, istry. Image-Ination Associates, 1988- Workshop at University of Southern (1989); Centennial Committee Co- 1996, president. Denmark (9/01), 2003 Current Trends Chair (1998); Member, Board of Publi- ACS Service: Alternate Councilor,

The Nucleus May 2003 19 in Microcalorimetry (7/03). istry, Georgetown University (1982). Organic Division, member; Chairman, ACS Service: Member since 1978; Professional Experience: Research Symposium on Industrial Chem., Great Organizer of “Coordination Chemistry Fellow, National Chemical Laboratory Lakes Regional Meeting, (May, 1997); of Metal Metabolism” symposium at (1973-74); Instructor, Georgetown Visiting Speakers Program (1999 to the 224th National ACS meeting University (1981-82); Postdoctoral present); Department of Career Ser- (2002). Research Assoc., University of Vir- vices Consultant (2000 to present), NESACS Service: Nominating ginia (1982-84); Postdoctoral Research Committee Associate, Joint Board Committee (2000-01). Fellow, Harvard University (1984-85); Council Committee on International Member: Current President of the Senior Research Chemist (1985-89); Activities (2002-). Dartmouth Chapter; member of Soci- Project Leader (1989-90), Dow Chem- NESACS Service: Public Services ety of Biological Inorganic Chemistry; ical Co.; Research Scientist/Assistant Committee, Chair; Professional Ser- member of International EPR-ESR Director, College de France, Paris and vices Committee, member; Public Society; Board of Editors of Inorganic Universite Louis Pasteur (1990-91); Affairs Committee, Chair; Public Rela- Chemistry (1995, 1996); organizer of Project Manager, Abbott Laboratories, tions Committee, chair; Associate Edi- “Metals and DNA”, a memorial sypo- Pharmaceutical Research (1991-95); tor, The Nucleus (2002-) sium for Karen Wetterhahn (9/97); Senior Director, Chemical Sciences Member: IUPAC (Titular Member advisory committee for EPR Center for Research & Development, CytoMed, of the Chemistry and Human Health the Study of Viable Biological Sys- Inc. (1997-98); President, CP Consult- and Education Division Committees); tems, Dartmouth Medical School ing, (1995 to 1997); President, AAAS; Indian Society of Bio-Organic (1997-present); Chorghade Enterprises (1997-),Visiting Chemists; IUPAC Commission on Honors: Sigma Xi (1984). Scholar University of British Colum- Biotechnology, Medicinal Chemistry, bia, University of Chicago, Northwest- New Technologies and Special Topics, ern University and others; Vice Titular member; 20th IUPAC Confer- President, Chemical Development Sci- ence on the Chemistry of Natural Prod- Esselen Award Committee ences, GelTex / Genzyme Pharmaceu- ucts, Chicago, 1996; Chair, Scientific ticals, (2000-); Reviewer of Programs Comm., on Advisory Board Mukund S. Chorghade manuscripts for numerous leading pro- for Organic Process Research and Education: B.Sc. (1971), M. Sc. fessional journals. Development, and Chimica Oggi; (1973, 1st Class Honors) University of ACS Service: Member since 1982. Actively involved with Indian Cultural Poona, India; Ph.D. Organic Chem- Chairman, Brazosport Section (1990); Coordination Committee, Washington, DC. Leadership roles in several com- munity groups Honors: Maharashtra Academy of Sciences (Elected Fellow); Andhra Pradesh Akademi of Sciences (Elected Fellow); Royal Society of Chemistry (Elected Fellow); New York Academy of Sciences; American Institute of Chemists (Elected Fellow); Sigma Xi; Diamond Jubilee Fellowship, Univ. Dept. of Chemical Technology, Mum- bai, India; B.D. Tilak Distinguished Visiting Fellowship, University of Bombay, India; Listed in American Men and Women of Science, Who’s Who in Science and Engineering.

Martin Idelson The Esselen Award is a very presti- gious honor bestowed by the North- eastern Section of ACS. The selection of an honoree each year is a difficult task because so many of the nominees are outstanding scientists. I have had the privilege of serving on this com- mittee previously and would consider

20 The Nucleus May 2003 it an honor to serve again. (1970); Sc.D., chem. engineering, Magazine and CNN (2001) named I have been a member of the North- M.I.T. (1974). Langer as one of the 100 most impor- eastern Section for more years than I Professional Experience: Kenneth tant people in America and one of the care to count. As a member I served on J. Germeshausen Professor of Chemi- 18 top people in science or medicine in the Program Committee and Nominat- cal and Biomedical Engineering at the America. He has served at various ing Committee, and Chair. I have been Massachusetts Institute of Technology; times on 12 boards of directors and 30 on the Board for quite a few years. Dr. Langer has written 725 articles and Scientific Advisory Boards of such 420 abstracts. He also has nearly 500 companies as Alkermes, Mitsubishi William Klemperer issued or pending patents worldwide, Pharmaceuticals, Warner-Lambert, and one of which was cited as the outstand- Guilford Pharmaceuticals. Honorary Education: New Rochelle High ing patent in Massachusetts in 1988 doctorates from the ETH (Switzer- School, New Rochelle, N.Y., (1944); and one of 20 outstanding patents in land), the Technion (Israel), Hebrew A.B., Harvard, Harvard University the United States. Dr. Langer’s patents University (Israel), and the Universite (1950); Ph.D. (with Professor George have been licensed or sublicensed to Catholique do Louvain (Belgium). C. Pimentel), University of California, over 100 pharmaceutical, chemical, Berkeley (1954). biotechnology and medical device Professional Experience: U.S. companies; a number of these compa- Navy Air Corps., 1944-46; Instructor, nies were launched on the basis of University of California, Berkeley, Richards Medal Committee these patent licenses. He served as a (1954); Harvard University: Instructor, member of the United States Food and Amir H. Hoveyda (1954-57), Asst. Prof. (1957-61), Drug Administration’s SCIENCE Education: B.A., Columbia Univer- Assoc. Prof. (1961-65), Professor Board, the FDA’s highest advisory sity (1981); Ph.D. (with Prof. Stuart L. (1965-2002), Erving Research Profes- board, from 1995 — 2002 and as its Schreiber), Yale University (1986-90); sor of Chemistry (2002-); Visiting Sci- Chairman from 1999-2002. Dept. of Chemistry, Boston College entist at Bell Laboratories in Murray Honors: Over 100 major awards. (1998-). Hill, NJ (1963-83); Asst. Director for National Academy of Engineering, Professional Experience: Joseph T. mathematical & physical sciences, Charles Stark Draper Prize, considered and Patricia Vanderslice Millennium N.S.F. (1979-81). the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for Professor of Chemistry, Boston Col- NESACS/ACS Service: Councilor, engineers and the world’s most presti- lege; American Cancer Society Post- NESACS, 2001-present gious engineering prize (2002); the doctoral Fellow (with Prof. David Member: American Physical Soci- only engineer to receive the Gairdner Evans, Harvard University (1986); Sci- ety; American Chemical Society Foundation International Award; 60 entific consultant with Schering- Honors: American Academy of Arts recipients of this award have subse- Plough; Scientific Advisory Boards of and Sciences; National Academy of quently received a Nobel Prize. Triad Therapeutics and Materia, Inc. Sciences; Wetherill Medal - Franklin Lemelson-MIT prize, the world’s Honors: NSF National Young Institute (1978); ACS Irving Langmuir largest prize for invention for being Investigator Award (1992); Eli Lilly Award (1980); N.S.F. Distinguished “one of history’s most prolific inven- Young Investigator Award (1992); Service Medal (1981); Amer. Physical tors in medicine.” (2002); elected Pfizer Award in Synthetic Organic Soc., Earle Plyler Award (1983); member of the Institute of Medicine of Chemistry (1993); Alfred P. Sloan Fel- Bomem Michelson Award - The the National Academy of Sciences lowship (1994); Camille Dreyfus Coblentz Society (1990); Remsen (1989), elected to both the National Teacher-Scholar Award (1994); John- Award - Maryland Section of the Academy of Engineering and to the son & Johnson Focused Award (1995); American Chemical Society (1992); National Academy of Sciences (1992). ACS Cope Scholar Award (1998); ACS Peter Debye Award in Physical He is one of very few people ever Novartis Research Award (2001); Chemistry (1994); The Royal Society elected to all three United States Award for Excellence in Catalysis of Chemistry (England), Faraday National Academies and the youngest (2002). Medal and Lectureship (1995); D.Sc. - in history (at age 43) to receive this Research interest: Discovery and University of Chicago (1996); Hon- distinction. Forbes Magazine (1999) development of new stereoselective orary Citizen of Toulouse, France and Bio World (1990) have named reaction methods, organometallic (2000); ACS E. Bright Wilson Award Langer as one of the 25 most important chemistry, study of reaction mecha- in Spectroscopy (2001). Numerous individuals in biotechnology in the nisms, asymmetric catalysis, synthesis invited lectures in US, Canada, Eng- world. Discover Magazine (2002) of complex natural products and com- land. named him as one of the 20 most binatorial chemistry. He has delivered important people in this area. Forbes more than 250 invited lectures world- Robert S. Langer Magazine (2002) selected Langer as wide and published nearly 100 original Education: Bachelor’s Degree, one of the 15 innovators worldwide research articles. chem. engineering, Cornell University who will reinvent our future. Time

The Nucleus May 2003 21 istry sponsored by Mallinckrodt Com- in this country and abroad, served as a Stephen J. Lippard pany, the William H. Nichols Medal panel member of the Medicinal Chem- Education: Pittsburgh public sponsored by the New York Section of istry Study Section B and BMT Study schools; B.A. (magna cum laude) the American Chemical Society, the Section of the National Institutes of Haverford College; Ph.D., M.I.T. Frontiers in Biological Chemistry Health, and has been a consultant for Professional Experience: Arthur Award from the Max-Planck-Institut Engelhard Corporation, Exxon Corpo- Amos Noyes Professor of Chemistry für Strahlenchemie, honorary D. Sc. ration, Johnson Matthey Co., Procept, and Head of the Chemistry Department degrees from Haverford College and Smith Kline & Beckman, Suntech, and at M.I.T. Postdoctoral, MIT; Asst. Prof. Texas A&M University, an Honorary John Wiley & Sons, Inc. He is cur- to Professor (1983-), Columbia Uni- Membership in the Italian Chemical rently Chairman of the Scientific Advi- versity; sabbatical leaves at the Univer- Society, a Scientific Membership in the sory Board of NAXCOR and a sity of Göteborg in Sweden, the MRC Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, an honorary member of the SAB of PharmaIn. He Laboratory of Molecular Biology in D. Sc. degree from Haverford College, was Chairman of the 1985 Gordon Cambridge, England, the Anorganisch- the Theodore W. Richards Medal of Research Conference on Inorganic Chemisches Institut der Technischen the Northeastern Section of the Ameri- Chemistry and was Chair of the 1996 Universität München, Garching, Fed- can Chemical Society, an Honorary Gordon Research Conference on Met- eral Republic of Germany, and the Membership in the Irish Royal Acad- als in Biology. University of California, San Diego. emy, and the Basolo Medal of North- Research Interests: Inorganic, bio- ACS Service: Chaired several sym- western University and Chicago logical chemistry, and neurochemistry. posia at American Chemical Society Section of the American Chemical Included are mechanistic studies of national meetings; Alternate Councilor Society. He has been elected to the platinum anticancer drugs, the synthe- for the Division of Inorganic Chem- American Academy of Arts and Sci- sis of dimetallic complexes as models istry; has been Chairman of the ences, the National Academy of Sci- for non-heme iron enzymes and metal- Bioinorganic Subdivision, and Chair- ences, and the Institute of Medicine. lohydrolases, structural and mechanis- man of the Inorganic Division. Related activities: He was editor of tic investigations of methane NESACS Service the well-known series “Progress in monooxygenase, and optical sensors Member: He is or has been a mem- Inorganic Chemistry” from Volume 11 for neurotransmitters. ber of the American Chemical Society, to 40, was an Associate Editor of the The Royal Society of Chemistry, The journal Inorganic Chemistry, is now an Thomas D. Tullius Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Crystallographic Associa- Education: B.S. (cum laude) in American Chemical Society, was a tion, The Biophysical Society, and the Chemistry, UCLA (1973); Ph.D. in Founding member of the Editorial American Society of Biological Chemistry (advisor: K.O. Hodgson) Advisory Board for Chemical Chemists, and was elected a Fellow of Stanford University (1979) Research in Toxicology, and serves or the American Association for the Professional Experience: NIH has served on the editorial boards of Advancement of Science. Postdoctoral fellow, Columbia Univer- Accounts of Chemical Research, Anti- Honors: Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi; sity, 1979-82) (advisor: S.J. Lippard); cancer Drug Design, Bioorganic & Fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson Assistant, Associate, Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, Bioorganic & Foundation, the National Science Chemistry, Biology, and Biophysics, Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Chem- Foundation, The Alfred P. Sloan Foun- The Johns Hopkins University (1982- BioChem, Chemical and Engineering dation, The Camille and Henry Drey- 1997); Professor and Chairman, News, Chemical Research and Tech- fus Foundation, the Guggenheim Department of Chemistry, Boston Uni- nology, Chemistry & Biology, Inor- Foundation, and the John E. Fogarty versity, (1997-). ganic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry International Center; Henry J. Albert ACS Service: Chair, Nominating Concepts, Inorganica Chimica Acta, Award of the International Precious Committee, Division of Biological Journal of Biological Inorganic Chem- Metals Institute for his work on plat- Chemistry of the ACS, 1997–1998 istry, Journal of Inorganic Biochem- inum metals and their interactions with NESACS Service istry, and Topics in Biological nucleic acids, the American Chemical Member: American Chemical Soci- Inorganic Chemistry. He is the author Society Award in Inorganic Chemistry ety, AAAS, ASBMB, Biophysical or co-author of over 575 publications sponsored by Monsanto Company, the Society, Protein Society, Society for in the fields of inorganic and coordina- Remsen Award sponsored by the Biological Inorganic Chemistry. Advi- tion chemistry, organometallic chem- Maryland Section of the American sory Committee, Research Corpora- istry, and biological chemistry. He has Chemical Society, the Alexander von tion, 2001-present. co-authored a book with Jeremy Berg Humboldt Senior U.S. Scientist Award, Honors: Searle Scholar (1984), entitled “Principles of Bioinorganic the John C. Bailar, Jr. Medal of the Research Career Development Award, Chemistry.” He holds several U.S. and University of Illinois, the American NIH (1987), Alfred P. Sloan Fellow foreign patents. He has given over 60 Chemical Society Award for Distin- (1988), Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar guished Service in Inorganic Chem- named lectureships at universities both

22 The Nucleus May 2003 replies “That’s the Microwave.” We are sad to report the Book Review Quantum Leaps In The Wrong Direction takes a critical look at widely death on February 10 of Quantum Leaps In The Wrong held pseudoscientific beliefs, leavening Lloyd D. Taylor, a former Direction the text with cartoons by Sidney Har- Chairman of this Section ris, whose work has enlivened the and long time Polaroid Cor- by Charles M. Wynn and Arthur W. pages of numerous magazines, includ- poration Research Scientist Wiggins, with cartoons by Sidney ing Science, over the years. The book Harris (Joseph Henry Press, 2001) clearly has the general reader in mind, /Senior Research Fellow. 226 pp., ISBN 0-309-7309-X; $18.95 beginning as it does with three chap- A memorial article will (paperback) ters devoted to a description of the sci- entific method and the way in which it appear in a future issue. Reviewed by Dennis J. Sardella can be used to distinguish the point at Dept. of Chemistry, Boston College which true science ends and pseudo- Not long ago, the Sunday edition of a science begins. From there, Wynn and (1988), Fellow of the A.A.A.S. (1996), large daily newspaper in the northeast- Wiggins devote the next five chapters Herbert A. Sober Award of the Ameri- ern part of Massachusetts carried a to what they regard as the most egre- can Society for Biochemistry front-page story about a local minister gious examples of pseudoscience: and Molecular Biology (1998). with a fairly lar ge collection of UFO’s and extraterrestrial life; out-of- dinosaur fossils, who travels around, body experiences and related phenom- Gary R. Weisman using them to teach and preach about ena; astrology; and, of course, the Education: Public schools in creation science. Beyond the large ever-popular “scientific creationism”. Mason, Ohio; B.S. in Chemistry With photo of him proudly holding a giant In each case, they frame the topic as a Distinction, University of Kentucky leg bone, perhaps the most striking hypothesis, summarizing the evidence (1971); Ph.D. Organic Chemistry thing about the story was its complete or observations on which the hypothe- (mentor: Stephen F. Nelsen) University lack of a sense of irony. sis is based, and presenting the rele- of Wisconsin-Madison (1976) I have no doubt that somewhere in vant biological, chemical and physical Professional Experience: Post-doc- the inner pages of this same paper were background. They then attempt to toral (mentor Donald J. Cram), Univer- horoscopes, which many people would make predictions based on the hypoth- sity of California, Los Angeles read and at least some would believe. esis, and to compare them with experi- (1976-77); Faculty member, Depart- And, of course, one doesn’t have to ment to see whether they are borne out. ment of Chemistry, University of New look much further afield to find adver- To choose one example, the chap- Hampshire (1977-), Professor (1994-); tisements for palmistry, crystal power, ter on “Out Of Body Experiences And Visiting Assoc. Prof., University of psychic advisors and the like. Entities” focuses on several topics Wisconsin (1986); Visiting Fellow, The fact that at the beginning of (near-death and out-of-body experi- University of Bristol, England (1987, the third millennium, in what is ences, ghosts, channeling, spirit pos- 1998); Wilsmore Fellow, University of arguably the most technologically session, and astral projection) which Melbourne, Australia (June-Aug. advanced and highly educated society Wynn and Wiggins classify under the 1995). the world has yet seen, there is a wide- general heading of spiritualism. Near- ACS Service: Member (1970-) spread and growing fascination with death experiences receive the most NESACS Service: Co-Program astrology, psychic phenomena, UFO’s, attention, the authors arguing that the Chair, NERM 2001; Director-at-Large extraterrestrial life, creationism and the lights, sounds, sense of comfort and (2002-). like, is sobering, to say the least, and mind-body dissociation reported by Honors: Sigma Xi (1976); Excel- somewhere between baffling and dis- people can all be explained in terms of lence in Teaching Award, College of tressing to most scientifically literate neurochemistry without reference to Engineering and Physical Sciences, people. That, presumably, is what lies anything nonphysical. They therefore University of New Hampshire (1995). behind Charles Wynn and Arthur Wig- conclude that this eliminates the need Research Interests: Synthesis, gins’ decision to write this book, and for the “soul hypothesis”, based on reactions, and special properties of the decision of the Joseph Henry Press “Occam’s Razor” (or, more descrip- amines and polyamines; ligand design (a division of the National Academy tively, the “Parsimony Principle” of and supramolecular chemistry; stereo- Press) to publish it. I could not help maximum economy in explanation). chemistry, conformational analysis and recalling a cartoon I saw several years The remaining material in the chapter molecular modeling; intramolecular ago, in which a man reading the news- receives shorter shrift, being dismissed interactions; use of NMR in structural paper while watching what appears to as instances of either self-delusion or and conformational analysis of organic be a television comments to his wife outright fraud. The chapter concludes and metallo-organic compounds. “It say here that 70% of Americans are with a brief section entitled “Immortal- End of Election Section. scientifically illiterate,” to which she Continued on page 24

The Nucleus May 2003 23 Book Review ics, including the Loch Ness Monster, Goodall (hardly someone who could spontaneous human combustion, fire be classified as an antiscientific crank) Continued from page 23 walking, psychic surgery, homeopathy, proclaimed her firm belief that there ity,” that poses the question “Do we the Piltdown Hoax, crop circles, and very likely remain large mammals as simply cease to exist at the moment of Holocaust denials. The flow of mate- yet undiscovered in remote areas. death, or do we persist in some way rial runs almost imperceptibly from Seemingly supporting this contention after death?” and concludes that we things that may perhaps be ascribed to are recent reports from the Congo of a certainly “live on” in our descendants’ imagination or incorrect inference on large, hitherto unknown, primate genetic endowment, in the memories the part of well-intentioned but scien- whose skull features, body size, feces and actions of those whose lives have tifically naïve observers, to outright and nesting habits are gorilla-like, but been impacted by us directly or indi- dishonesty on the part of people moti- whose DNA and diet are distinctly rectly, and in the energy that is recy- vated largely by greed or the intent to chimpanzee-like. While I am consid- cled upon our death. While I do not deceive. Wynn and Wiggins instead erably more skeptical than Goodall, I disagree with this minimalist statement hold up science as the (not a) beacon would have preferred to see Wynn and about immortality, which after all, is of truth and the only “road to reality.” Wiggins display a bit more circum- all that can be scientifically justified, its Wynn and Wiggins are at times a spection here. terseness seems by implication almost bit simplistic in their zeal to debunk Quantum Leaps concludes with a to relegate those of us who are both sci- pseudoscience, and they seem to blur very brief epilogue which presents the entifically trained and religious believ- the distinction between well-inten- reader with some useful suggestions ers to the ranks of (to put it politely) the tioned, but mistaken, individuals with for authors to read, magazines and self-delusional, and this is, in my view, hucksters. For instance, I am inclined websites to consult, and activities to one of the shortcomings of the book. to agree with them about Bigfoot, yeti engage in to increase scientific literacy The penultimate chapter of Quan- and the Loch Ness monster. However, and critical facility. Unfortunately, it is tum Leaps is an omnibus one entitled while it is true that there is currently no marred by its initial sentence “We wish “Reflections On The Scientific scientifically credible evidence in we had had the opportunity to recom- Approach To Reality,” that begins with favor of their existence, that certainly mend the following activities to the 39 a brief reprise of topics from the earlier does not eliminate the possibility of members of the Heaven’s Gate cult chapters, then moves on to “short their existing. Indeed, in a recent inter- who chose to commit mass suicide,” takes” on a wide range of disparate top- view on National Public Radio, Jane which I thought was unnecessary, con- descending and rather offensive, in essence tarring everyone with the same brush. Scientifically literate people are by no means immune to evil. In fact, it might even be argued that a scientist (or anyone absolutely convinced that only he or she has the key to the truth) might be especially susceptible to it, and that the real issue is whether a per- son’s mind is closed or open. (When- ever I see the bumper sticker “Question authority”, I am always per- versely tempted to ask “Why?”) Lest I sound unrelentingly nega- tive, let me say that I enjoyed Quantum Leaps In The Wrong Direction (partic- ularly the cartoons!) and agreed with most of what Wynn and Wiggins have to say. They have an entertaining and informative writing style, and a point about pseudoscience that is worth making. However, their tone can at times have an edge of smugness and superiority to it, the result being that the book will probably be read prima- rily by people who already agree with them, and not by the very people most in need of hearing its message.

24 The Nucleus May 2003 worked more than 70 hours a week, A Historical Note wheeling heavy casks of treacle through town and hauling a 100-pound Edward Frankland’s Crusade for Clean Water sack up a steep and narrow staircase. By Sharon Bertsch McGrayne* To grind a pound of cocoa, he worked a 20-pound pestle continuously for a This excerpt from the author’s book son. Edward Gorst (equally responsi- day. To make ointment, he spent more “Prometheans in the Lab” has been ble in the eyes of the law) set aside an than 24 days grinding 6 pounds of poi- reprinted from Chemical Heritage, annuity of 1,200 pounds for Margaret sonous mercury into 14 pounds of lard. 2002, 20 (1), 12 ff. by permission of Frankland and her child—provided Frankland and other local appren- both Chemical Heritage and McGraw that his identity was never revealed. tices benefited greatly from the kind- Hill Companies Considering her lack of education, ness of three physicians, Christopher Johnson and his two sons, all of whom As six major epidemics of cholera Margaret was a woman of remarkable tutored the youths in chemistry and swept the globe during the 19th cen- intellect, energy, and character. In a medicine. The Johnsons even loaned tury, fecally contaminated drinking county where 40% of the men were the young students books and con- water killed millions of people. For illiterate, she taught Edward the alpha- verted a cottage into a simple labora- more than 30 of those terror-filled bet before he was two. As befitted tory for them. The Johnsons also found years, the resolute courage of one England’s golden age of flogging, she Frankland a job with a chemist in the chemist, Edward Frankland, protected gave him a strict and corporal moral government Museum of Economic the public health. Frankland is almost upbringing. Geology in London, where a museum unknown today, but during his lifetime Margaret later opened a small assistant gave Frankland his first he was one of the most important boarding house in the nearby town of sophisticated instruction in chemical chemists in Britain. Lancaster in northwest England and, experimentation and processes. A Frankland`discovered the funda- when Edward was five years old, mar- young German friend, Hermann mental principle of valency-the com- ried one of her lodgers. At first, as Kolbe, taught Frankland everything bining, power of atoms to form Edward recalled, “Matters did not go that he had learned about analyzing compounds. He gave the chemical quite so smoothly with me at home. gases from the chemist Robert Bunsen, bond its name and popularized the My stepfather was rather severe with of Bunsen burner fame. notation we use today for writing me, and, with a thin stick, gave me Although Frankland had not yet chemical formulas. He codiscovered many a beating which I probably well studied even algebra, his analytical helium, helped found synthetic organic deserved.” Despite this, Edward chemistry skills were advanced enough and structural chemistry, and was the remained close to his mother and step- to land him teaching jobs at several father of organometallic chemistry. He father as long as they lived. short-lived schools. At one of them was also the first person to thoroughly Frankland experienced more phys- [Queenwood College], he befriended a analyze the gases from different types ical punishment at the eight schools he fellow teacher, John Tyndall, who later of coal and-dieters take note-was the attended. Of all his teachers, only became a prominent British physicist. first to measure the calories in food. James Willasey taught science or The two men made a mutual improve- Frankland’s anonymity may be the encouraged his obvious abilities. Years ment pact to wake at 4 A.M. each day result of a Victorian-era scandal sur- later, Frankland was still deeply grate- and study together. Frankland taught rounding his birth. As the British histo- ful. He regarded Willasey as “a real educator” and raised an annuity to sup- Tyndall chemistry,,and Tyndall taught rian Colin A. Russell discovered Frankland biology and mathematics. almost 150 years later, parish bap- port him in old age. Willasey in turn willed all his possessions to Frankland, Then they left together to earn doctor- tismal records list the birth of Edward ates, in less than a year, from Bunsen Frankland on 20 February 1825 and who proudly wore his teacher’s seal on a watch fob. in Marburg, Germany. Bunsen taught identify him as the “son of Peggy Frankland how to analyze substances Frankland ... single woman.” Frankland wanted to become a doc- tor, but medical school was far beyond chemically by first burning them, then Margaret Frankland, a country girl measuring the volumes of the resulting and daughter of an itinerant calico- his mother’s means or his biological father’s inclination. So in 1840, when gases, and finally getting their pro- printer, had gone to work the year portions by weight. before as a maid for the Gorsts, a Frankland was 14, his mother appren- ticed him to the next best profession, Armed with a prestigious Ph.D., wealthy family of distinguished Lan- Frankland returned to England during cashire lawyers and judges. When she pharmacy. It was, Frankland com- plained rather unjustly in his old age, the winter of 1849-50 to become a pro- became pregnant by the Gorsts’ 20- fessional chemist. Frankland had also year-old son, Edward, she was sent “six years continuous hard labour, from which I derived no advantage found a wife in Germany: Sophie Fick, back to her family home outside whom he married on 7 February 1851 Garstang to give birth and raise her whatever, except the facility of tying up parcels neatly.” As an apprentice, he Continued on page 26

The Nucleus May 2003 25 Historical Note faith stupid farmers will detect muri- to understand firsthand in order to pass atic acid in every diseased ear of wheat his examinations. He wrote a textbook Continued from page 25 or decayed branch of quickthorn, and that became a standard for chemistry at St. Martin-in-the-Fields Parish old fish women will be quite certain instruction, in part because it incorpo- Church. Betraying his mother’s secret that their oysters and mussels are in the rated his ideas on valency and organic to Sophie’s family would have jeop- last agonies of death from the same structures and his newly developed ardized his mother’s financial security cause.” Discussing another pollutant, notation system. and perhaps even his own professional he suggested disingenuously, “Is it For teachers, Frankland wrote a future; Frankland therefore falsified his possible to take the waste in [boats] training manual and ran summer work- father’s name on the marriage certifi- and throw it into the Severn [River]?” shops. Since the government paid cate, as “Edward Frankland, solicitor.” As chemists learned how to ana- instructors four pounds for every stu- A year after Sophie’s death in 1874, lyze chemicals more accurately, it dent who passed a Frankland examina- Frankland married Ellen Grenside and became harder to testify so cavalierly tion, teachers eagerly attended his again had to lie about his parentage on on behalf of polluters. Within a few programs. Foreign publications of his the marriage certificate. years, Frankland had become one of books and manuals spread his gospel After his marriage to Sophie, Britain’s leading chemical experts tes- of laboratory instruction for all. Frankland once again set about piecing tifying against industrial emissions. In No sooner had Frankland begun together bits and pieces to make a fact, when he decided in 1857 to move reforming science education, however, secure life. Manchester’s university to London to improve his financial than London faced a life-threatening [Owens College, now Manchester Uni- prospects, Manchester’s polluting emergency: cholera. The disease, versity, where Frankland became pro- industrialists were delighted to see him which causes vomiting, fever, and pro- fessor of chemistry] paid only 150 go. fuse, watery diarrhea, kills half of its pounds a year for full-time teaching; as Frankland’s hard work paid off at untreated victims through dehydration a result, Frankland and other British the age of 40, when he was appointed and electrolyte imbalance. Cities were chemistry professors doubled as con- to a prestigious professorship, replac- easy prey for cholera during the 19th sultants to industry and government, as ing August Wilhelm Hofmann, who century as urbanization and industrial- expert court witnesses, as chemical had taught William Perkin, at the ization polluted water supplies. Dis- analysts, as writers and journalists, and Royal College of Chemistry. Even ease and contagion were already as inventors and entrepreneurs. Gov- Frankland’s new post was cobbled widely associated with decaying hu- ernments were replacing hereditary together with money from different man and animal waste when Frankland retainers with professional civil ser- sources. Once more, Frankland was took over as London’s water consultant vants who consulted scientists as neu- moonlighting. But this time, he would in 1865 and as virtually the only work- tral experts to resolve conflicts; despite parlay two unprepossessing positions ing member of the Rivers’ Pollution their growing authority, few consulting involving chemistry education and Commission in 1868. Little was chemists earned much money. public water supplies into powerful known about water pollutants or purity. Frankland tried his hand at any- weapons for reform. While some experts thought that thing he could find. He analyzed guano First, in addition to his regular decaying matter directly caused dis- for estate owners; he advised Man- teaching duties, Frankland was respon- ease or indirectly nurtured disease- chester University to boil and filter its sible for administering examinations to causing microbes, others regarded water; he analyzed hard water for rail- up to 50,000 mechanics, clerks, feces-rich water as no more than unac- roads concerned about minerals in the apprentices, artisans, and other young ceptably disgusting. Until the German boilers of their steam locomotives; he adults studying chemistry in Britain’s bacteriologist Robert Much identified detected lead contamination for water night classes and upper elementary the cholera bacillus in 1883, no one suppliers; and he served as an expert schools. By indulging his passionate knew how the disease spread from witness in court. With analytical chem- belief in science for the people, he human feces to drinking water to istry still in its infancy, scientists could used the examinations as leverage to human victim and back again. find enough contradictory evidence to give students the kind of hands-on edu- As the disease devastated cities, support almost any side of an argu- cation in chemistry that he had wanted clean-water issues threatened to tear ment. Frankland, for example, once as a young man. Before Frankland, stu- British society apart. Arguing for “the testified against a former client and dents everywhere learned science from greatest good for the greatest number,” used privileged information he had books; most never even entered a labo- liberals demanded government action. learned as the company’s consultant. In ratory. Working tirelessly over a period Industrialists and Parliament, on the another case, he told a polluting of 15 years, Frankland gradually other hand, argued that government Leblanc washing-soda factory to changed that and dramatically should not interfere with business, “make the surrounding neighborhood improved the state of science educa- even when the public health was at believe you have [gotten rid of all the tion in Britain. He compiled a list of risk. No one objected to pollution in hydrogen chloride] for without this 109 experiments that students needed general or to uncontrolled urbanization

26 The Nucleus May 2003 and industrialization but, terrified of South America, India, and Europe. He but the well was not closed for 12 cholera, people demanded sanitary worked for water companies, gas com- years, despite two cholera epidemics water. panies, brick works, breweries, copper that killed thousands of people in For protection, they looked to mines, hospitals, asylums, schools, the Mecca. Similarly, communities every- chemistry. Although no one knew mansions of the landed gentry, and where disregarded Frankland’s advice exactly how the disease was spread, it Buckingham Palace. The man who had to treat sewage by spreading it on was clear that there was a relationship begun his life as an impecunious phar- farmland. Because sewage treatment between cholera and unsanitary water, macist’s apprentice was becoming, by was expensive, communities concen- and chemists had decades of experi- today’s standards, a millionaire several trated-not on treating their sewage-but ence certifying the safety of mineral times over. Frankland’s chemical on transporting it elsewhere; in saving waters at elegant spas. analyses forced the closing of shallow themselves, they contaminated water Frankland, who as a child had fled wells and springs and the abandonment supplies downstream. a cholera epidemic with his mother, of hundreds of contaminated water Unlike many of his competitors, charged into his new job like a hanging sources, both at home and abroad. His Frankland relied on experiment rather judge. “My motto, unlike that in crimi- recommendations, translated into than speculation. When an eminent nal cases, has always been assume French and German and published in analyst declared that flowing seven water to be guilty until it is proved North America, were widely adopted miles downstream was enough to innocent,” he declared. For 30 years and used in court cases around the purify sewage, Frankland countered Frankland was a strong voice—often world. with facts: “I find that percolation the only voice—for clean water. Unfor- As expert witness in court, Frank- through 5 feet of gravelly soil removes tunately, no one knew for sure what land stressed that water’s appearance much more organic impurity from clean water was. Frankland staked out should not be used as an indication of sewage water than does a flow of 50 a radical position: whatever the deadly its safety. miles in a river at a rate of one mile per agents were, they were almost certainly hour.” Some water company chemists introduced into water by sewage, so “1 have now examined upwards of went so far as to claim that micro- any trace of sewage raised a red flag. 1000 samples from all parts of the scopic organisms actually purified Later he became convinced that some United Kingdom and have not yet water. As Frankland sarcastically of the microscopic bacteria in water met with a single case of clear ana- described a competing water analyst: probably caused fatal diseases. lytical guilt which has not been sus- “You will always find him on the side During his first two years as Lon- tained on further investigation. It is of joint stock companies and against don’s water analyst, Frankland devoted true that my verdict has repeatedly the public—companies pay well, the his superb manipulative skills to devel- been met with vehement protesta- public does not pay,—Voilà” oping sensitive new techniques for tions of innocence, but further inves- Frankland’s relentless campaign determining the amount of organic tigation always proved that these for clean water made him many ene- nitrogen in water samples. As a work- could not be sustained. The other mies, among them a former student ing hypothesis, he assumed that the day a gentleman brought to me two and assistant named James Alfred organic nitrogen originated in sewage samples of well water for examina- Wanklyn. For almost 15 years, or manure. Previous methods had tion. I reported both as exhibiting Wanklyn’s paranoid attacks on Frank- underestimated the amount of ammonia great previous sewage contamina- land’s character and science dominated and urea, the main nitrogen-rich com- tion; he protested that it was impos- Britain’s water policy debates. Wank- ponents of raw sewage. Frankland’s sible as the waters were bright and lyn had grown up in Frankland’s home- method was laborious and expensive, sparkling and possessed a high rep- town of Lancaster, so Frankland must and it took other chemists six months utation; a week later he informed have lived in dread that local gossip to learn; but it was state-of-the-art sci- me that the source of contamination about his parentage would become ence for the times, and it erred on the had been discovered. One of the public scandal. Friends rallied to Fran- side of caution. In widely published, wells was situated close to a large kland’s support. Frankland had joined monthly reports to the government, cesspool; the other received the the newly formed X-Club, whose eight Frankland ran horrifying tables that drainage from a dog kennel.” members were united by a “devotion to compared the pure well water sold by One day in 1881, two bottles of science, pure and free, untrammeled by one of London’s water companies with holy water from Hagar ’s Well in religious dogmas,” as one of them the nitrogen-tainted river water sold by Mecca arrived in his laboratory. After explained. Most were close associates seven other companies. analyzing the liquid, Frankland said it of Charles Darwin; they included John Soon Frankland was the world’s was the worst drinking water he had Tyndall, Thomas Henry Huxley, and leading authority on water issues. Dur- ever seen. Thousands of Muslim pil- Joseph Hooker. Luckily for Frankland, ing the 1870s and 1880s, he and his grims used it daily, but it was six times Wanklyn had quarreled with so many assistants conducted more than 11,000 more polluted than the worst London other colleagues that the scientific analyses of water for clients from Asia, sewage. Frankland notified authorities, Continued on page 32

The Nucleus May 2003 27 DIRECTORY

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The Nucleus May 2003 31 avr,M 01451 Harvard, MA 19 Mill Road May 7 Calendar Prof. E.W. Meijer (Lab. of Macromolecular and Organic Chem., Eindhoven Univ. of Technology): Karl Pfister Lectures For additional information: MIT Room 6-120, 4 pm Check the NESACS Homepage for late May 12 additions: http://www.NESACS.org Prof. Amir H. Hoveyda (Boston College) May 1 “New Catalytic Asymmetric Methods for Dr. Wayne Lencer (Harvard Medical School -- Enantioselective Synthesis and their Children's Hospital) Applications to Natural Product Synthesis” “The Fantastic Voyage: Retrograde Transport of Brandeis University, Edison Lecks Building, Cholera Toxin by a Membrane Lipid” Gerstenzang 122, 4:00 pm The Boston Glycobiology Discussion Group, at Prof. David Liu (Harvard Dept. of Chemistry the MIT Faculty Club, and Chemical Biology) 50 Memorial Drive (top floor), 6:00 pm “Expanding the Scope of Molecular Evolution: Reservations are required; contact Kathryn Synthetic Molecules, Nucleic Acids, and Newburg Proteins” 781-642-0025 [email protected] MIT, Room 6-120, 4 pm Prof. Lanny S. Liebeskind (Emory Univ.) May 13 “The Invention of New Reactions Using Bioinspired Organometallic Chemistry” Prof. Theodore Goodson III (Wayne State Univ.) Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 101 Fairchild, “Optical Excitations in Novel Branched AMERICAN CHEMICAL 10:30 am Macromolecules” U.S. POSTAGE PAID OPOI ORG. NONPROFIT NORTHEASTERN MIT, Room 2-105, 4 pm Prof. Paul Selvin (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana- SOCIETY SECTION Champaign) Prof. Allen J Bard (Univ. of Texas, Austin) “Nanometer Resolution with Single Molecule Hosted jointly by Electrochemical Society NE Fluorescence Imaging: and Tufts Chemistry Application to Biomolecular Motors” “Application of Scanning Electrochemical Harvard Univ., Mb-23 Pfizer Lecture Hall, 5 pm Microscopy in High Resolution Investigation of Interfaces” May 5 Tufts Univ., Pearson Chemistry Building, 62 Dr. Susan Krueger (NIST) Talbot Ave., Medford, Room P106, 4:30 pm “Structure and Function of Biological May 14 Historical Note Macromolecules in Solution: The Unique Role Continued from page 27 of Small Angle Neutron Scattering” Prof. Robert Bergman (UC-Berkeley), THE Brandeis University, Edison Lecks Building, MAX TISHLER PRIZE LECTURES: “The Use community eventually blackballed Gerstenzang 122, 4:00 pm of Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation in the the him. As one chemical journal com- Metal-Mediated Transformations of Organic Prof. Virginia Cornish (Columbia Univ.) Compounds” plained, Wanklyn and his supporters “A Genetic Assay for Protein Evolution and Harvard Univ., Pfizer Lecture Hall, 4:15 pm suffer from “scientific afflatus,” other- Proteomics”: Physical Chem. Harvard Univ., wise known as “hot air.” Pfizer Lecture Hall, 4:15 pm May 15 After Koch’s momentous discov- Prof. Chris Walsh (Harvard Medical School Prof. Robert Bergman (UC-Berkeley), THE MAX TISHLER PRIZE LECTURES: “Chemo- ery of the cholera bacillus in 1883, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology) and Enantioselective Reactions of Metal- cheap and effective treatment of “Glycosyl Transferases in Antibiotic Heteratom Bonds with Organic Molecules” sewage became possible. The civil Maturation” Harvard Univ., Pfizer Lecture Hall, 4:15 pm engineering of water and sewerage MIT, Room 6-120, 4 pm May 22 mains, reservoirs, sand filtration, and May 6 Prof. John L. Neumeyer (Medicinal Chemistry chlorination (the last introduced to Prof. E.W. Meijer (Lab. of Macromolecular and Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical London’s water during a typhoid epi- Organic Chem., Eindhoven Univ. of School), Karl Weiss Lecturer demic in 1905) made waterborne dis- Technology): Karl Pfister Lectures “Dopamine Receptors in the Central Nervous MIT Room 6-120, 4 pm System, Targets for Medicinal Chemists- Past, eases a thing of the past in much of Present, and Future” North America and Western Europe. Northeastern Univ., Hurtig Hall, Rm. 129, 4 pm Despite these and other advances, the sewage-contaminated water that human disease in Western Europe or (In the U.K., this book is titled The ravaged the 19th century is still a North America. Chemistry students Fontana History of Chemistry.) scourge of poor developing countries were conducting experiments in labo- Christopher Stone Hamlin. A Science at the beginning of the 21st century. ratories firsthand. He had published his of Impurity: Water Analysis in Nine- Fully 25% of the population in third- collected Experimental Researches at teenth Century Britain. Berkeley: Uni- world countries still drinks dilute great personal expense to document his versity of California Press, 1990. sewage. It was not until the late 1990s scientific role for future generations that scientists discovered that simply and was writing his memoirs. And by Colin A. Russell. Edward Frankland: filtering water through fabric-even the time he died in Norway in 1899, he Chemistry, Controversy and Conspir- cloth as cheap as sari cotton-removes could be confident that he had proba- acy in Victorian England. Cambridge: most of the cyclops crustaceans that bly foiled any immediate attempts to Cambridge University Press, 1996. harbor deadly cholera. pry into his private life. Looking back over his life in old Lancastrian Chemist: The Early Years age, Frankland must have been For Further Reading of Sir Edward Frankland. Milton Keynes, U.K.: Open University Press, pleased. Fecally contaminated water William H. Brock. The Norton History was no longer a principal source of of Chemistry. New York: Norton, 1992. 1986.