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Black Liquor Gasification Technology CHEMREC Black Liquor Gasification Technology Presentation at Workshop on Liquid Biofuels from Black Liquor Gasification IEA Bioenergy ExCo Meeting Ottawa, Canada October 6, 2004 Ingvar Landälv [email protected] Chemrec AB www.chemrec.se 10/6/2004 1 CHEMREC CHEMREC SCOPE OF BUSINESS The Scope of Business of Chemrec AB shall be: “Technical Development and Commercialisation of energy and chemical recovery systems based on black liquor gasification”. 10/6/2004 2 CHEMREC Contents 1. Black Liquor: Where? What? How much? 2. Why new technology? Some reasons. 3. The Chemrec BLGMF concept 4. Impact of introducing the BLGMF concept -Sweden - Canada and the US 5. BLGMF economics 6. Development status 7. Funding requirement and structure 10/6/2004 3 CHEMREC The Pulp Mill 10/6/2004 4 CHEMREC Composition of Wood and Black Liquor te ta s S Black Liquor Composition s id a u m iq Component % Mass io L B C 34.55 A in ck H3.59 o st d S4.35 ee F O 34.70 Na 18.45 K2.96 Cl 1.40 N- Total (%): 100.0 Combustible Characteristics Wood Type Cellulose Hemi- Lignine Extractives BL, Dry Solids % Mass 80% cellulose + others HHV MJ/kg, DS 14.2 Spruce 42% 28% 27% 3% NHV MJ/kg, DS 12.0 Fir 41% 28% 27% 4% Birch 41% 34% 21% 4% 10/6/2004 5 CHEMREC Recovery Boilers in Sweden 1 Site Nr. Mill - Owner Capacity tDS/24h Start-up 1 Karlsborg - Billerud 1250 1980 2 2 Munksund - SCA 600 1965 3 3 Kraftliner Piteå - Kappa 1450 1972 4 Obbola - SCA 850 1962 5 Husum - M-Real 750 1965 Husum - M-Real 700 1978 4 Husum - M-Real 1100 1988 5 6 Domsjö - 375 1958 6 Domsjö - 375 1964 7 Dynäs - Frantschach 915 1978 8 Östrand - SCA 1500 1982 7 9 Iggesund - Holmen 520 1966 Iggesund - Holmen 520 1967 10 Vallvik - Rottneros 1000 1999 8 11 Norrsundet - Stora 540 1970 9 Norrsundet - Stora 460 1965 12 Korsnäs - Kinnevik 865 1968 10 Korsnäs - Kinnevik 1550 1987 11 12 13 Skutskär - STORA 585 1967 13 Skutskär - STORA 1900 1976 14 Frövi - ASSI Domän 520 1970 15 Skoghall - STORA 300 1957 Skoghall - STORA 910 1969 14 16 15 16 Gruvön - Billerud 500 1959 18 Gruvön - Billerud 760 1972 17 Gruvön - Billerud 2500 2000 19 17 Billingsfors - Munksjö 230 1976 20 18 Bäckhammar - 570 1976 19 Aspa - Munksjö 510 1973 20 Skärblacka - Billerud 600 1962 Skärblacka - Billerud 1250 1976 22 21 Värö - Södra 1400 1972 21 Värö - Södra Under construction 22 Mönsterås - Södra 1600 1979 Mönsterås - Södra 4000 1996 23 23 Mörrum - Södra 2000 1995 Mörrum - Södra 740 1970 Total No. of boilers 37 Total capacity 36195 tDS/24h 39 TWh (LHV) Year 2000 10/6/2004 6 CHEMREC Illustration of Recovery Boiler Capacities in Europe = clusters of mills together having a large boiler capacity = important single mill 10/6/2004 7 CHEMREC Estimated Black Liquor Production (World) 300 3.6 South America South America 44 TWh Oceania ) ) J n 250 3.0 North America E o World t ( V M Europe ~ 600 TWh s ( Asia d i 200 2.4 t, LH l n o Africa S North America nte y r 150 350 TWh 1.8 o C gy as D r r o u q 100 1.2 i Europe . Ene Sweden ox 120 TWh ack L l 39 TWh ppr B 50 0.6 A 0 0.0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 ASIA Japan 80 TWh 50 TWh 10/6/2004 8 CHEMREC Contents 1. Black Liquor: Where? What? How much? 2. Why new technology? Some reasons. 3. The Chemrec BLGMF concept 4. Impact of introducing the BLGMF concept -Sweden - Canada and the US 5. BLGMF economics 6. Development status 7. Funding requirement and structure 10/6/2004 9 CHEMREC Drivers for Technology Change Possible Achievements with Atmospheric Pressurized Gasification Booster BLGCC/MF Develop Technology for X (X) Incremental Capacity Improved Cooking Methods X (More pulp per ton of wood) Improved Energy Recovery X (Power or Automotive Fuels) Improved Safety X X 10/6/2004 10 CHEMREC Number of boi Years of Start-up and Re-build of 20 North American Recovery Boilers 18 lers 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 10/6/2004 11 0 1938 1947 SOURCE 1949 1951 : Wey 1953 1955 e rhaeuse 1957 1959 r 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 START-UPS 1979 1981 1983 1985 RE-BUI 1987 1989 L D S 1991 1993 1995 1997 CHEMREC 1000 Years of Global CO2 Change 380 360 CO2 concentration, [ppm] 340 320 300 280 e University Press 260 Cambridg 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 10/6/2004 12 CHEMREC Oil- and Natural Gas Consumption History and Prognoses Oil 80 and 70 Discoveries Oil Gas t n (Oil and Gas) 60 Consumption le a v i u 50 q il e 40 o l e r r a 30 b a g i 20 G 10 0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Crude oil supply Heavy etc. Unconventional oil Polar NGL Natural gas supply Non-con gas Oil demand Total oil and gas demand Discovered oil fields 10/6/2004 13 CHEMREC Contents 1. Black Liquor: Where? What? How much? 2. Why new technology? Some reasons. 3. The Chemrec BLGMF concept 4. Impact of introducing the BLGMF concept -Sweden - Canada and the US 5. BLGMF economics 6. Development status 7. Funding requirement and structure 10/6/2004 14 CHEMREC Technology of today for the Recovery of Cooking Chemicals Recovery Steam Wood Boiler chips Weak Flue black gas liquor Strong black Digester Concentrators liquor Smelt Weak Green liquor Dissolving wash White liquor Pulp Causticizing tank 10/6/2004 15 CHEMREC Gasification Technology for the Recovery of Cooking Chemicals Wood chips Weak black liquor Strong Gasifier black Digester Concentrators liquor RAW GAS White liquor Green liquor Pulp Causticizing 10/6/2004 16 CHEMREC Main Blocks in a Pulp & Paper Mill Pulp Wood Power Internal heat and power Boiler Pulp Mill Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Green Liquor Pulp 10/6/2004 17 CHEMREC P&P Mill with Motor Fuel Production and Heat/Power Unit Pulp Wood Biomass fed power Additional Internal heat and power boiler Renewable or IGCC Energy Pulp Mill Black Liquor Methanol/DME BLGMF Green Liquor Pulp 10/6/2004 18 CHEMREC Black Liquor Gasification with Motor Fuels Production (BLGMF) Air Separation Oxygen Black High- Gasification & Gas Gas Clean-Up & Sulfur Liquor Gasification & Gas Gas Clean-Up & Sulfur Sulfidity Cooling Handling Liquor Syngas Green Liquor Methanol / DME Synthesis Methanol / DME 10/6/2004 19 CHEMREC Gasification Technology Principles Black Liquor GAS COOLER ATOMISATION C.W Atomizing medium BFW SMELT CLEAN Oxygen ON WALL COOLED SYNGAS PARTICULATE LP-Steam REMOVAL & GASIFIER CONDENSATE GAS AND RECOVERY SMELT SEPARATION Raw Syngas QUENCH MP-Steam HX Condensate Green Liquor Weak wash 10/6/2004 20 CHEMREC BLGMF Process: Biomass-to-fuel Efficiency Case: Power Boiler Biomass fed Additional Internal heat and power power Renewable boiler Energy Pulp Mill Black Liquor Methanol/DME Green Liquor BLGMF Pulp Same Power Need with Methanol/ DME RB or BL Gasification. Production Efficiency = = 65-70 % Additional Renewable Energy 10/6/2004 21 CHEMREC BLGMF Process: Biomass-to-fuel Efficiency Case: Power IGCC Biomass fed Additional Internal heat and power power Renewable IGCC Energy Pulp Mill Black Liquor Methanol/DME Green Liquor BLGMF Pulp Same Power Need with Methanol/ DME RB or BL Gasification. Production Efficiency = = 80-90 % Additional Renewable Energy 10/6/2004 22 CHEMREC Contents 1. Black Liquor: Where? What? How much? 2. Why new technology? Some reasons. 3. The Chemrec BLGMF concept 4. Impact of introducing the BLGMF concept -Sweden - Canada and the US 5. BLGMF economics 6. Development status 7. Funding requirement and structure 10/6/2004 23 CHEMREC Production potential in Sweden Available black liquor energy in Swedish pulp mills 20 TWh* DME Case with biomass fed power boiler or Black Liquor 20 TWh 30 TWh added energy biomass 39 TWh Metanol or 24 TWh Hydrogen * Corresponds to approx. 30% of Swedish consumption of gasoline and diesel year 2000 10/6/2004 24 CHEMREC Overall energy balance for all Swedish pulp Mills (figures for year 2000) 17 TWh bioenergy, 5 TWh oil and 20 TWh el. (1999/2000) PULP WOOD *) Approx. 90 TWh Swedish Pulp Mills year 2000 PULP ca 50 TWh *) As pulp wood and as biomaterial from saw mills 10/6/2004 25 CHEMREC Overall energy balance – Fuel generation at all Swedish pulp Mills using the BLGMF process (figures for year 2000) 17 TWh bioenergy, 5 TWh oil and 20 TWh el. (1999/2000) PULP WOOD *) Approx. 90 TWh Swedish Pulp Mills 20-30 TWh **) year 2000 20 TWh Automotive Fuels (DME and/or Methanol) PULP ca 50 TWh *) As pulp wood and as biomaterial from saw mills Volvos new D9A engine **) Depending on energy will be adopted for DME conversion technology 10/6/2004 26 CHEMREC Recovery Boilers in Canada REC. BOILER MOST RECENT OTHER REC. TOTAL PULP CHEMICAL PULP RECOVERY CAPACITY REC. BOILER REC. BOILER BOILER COUNTRY COMPANY GROUP MILL CAPACITY CAPACITY BOILERS (TDS/DAY) STARTUP YEAR REBUILD REBUILDS Canada ABITIBI-CONSOLODATED INC. ABITIBI-CONSOLODATED INC. FORT FRANCES, ON 340 190 1 950 1971 1985 Canada ABITIBI-CONSOLODATED INC. TROIS RIVIERES, QU 195 95 1 365 1947 1989 Canada ALBERTA-PACIFIC FOREST INDUSTRIES INC. BOYLE, AL 505 505 1 2640 1993 Canada AV CELL INC. ATHOLVILLE, NB 110 110 1 545 1983 1998 1995 Canada AVENOR INC. BOWATER CORPORATION DRYDEN, ON 300 300 1 1160 1966 Canada AVENOR INC.
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