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RENEW Final Report 7

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RENEW Final Report 7 © 2008 SYNCOM Forschungs- und Entwicklungsberatung GmbH, Mühlenstraße 9, 27777 Ganderkesee No responsibility is assumed by publisher for any injury and/ or damage to persons and property as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. All rights reserved by the consortium of the RENEW project. Parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise with the prior permission of the publisher. Supported under the 6th Framework Programme of the European Commission in the thematic priority Renewable Energies under Contract 502705 Project Information Acronym: RENEW Full title: Renewable Fuels for advanced Powertrains Contract N°: 502705 Duration: 48 months Contact person: Frank Seyfried, Volkswagen AG Volkswagen AG (Germany), Co-ordinator Abengoa Bioenergia S.A. (Spain) Biomasse-Kraftwerk Güssing GmbH & Co. KG (Austria) Deutsche BP AG (Germany) Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (Greece) Chemrec AB (Sweden) UET Umwelt- und Energietechnik Freiberg GmbH (Germany) STFI Packforsk AB (Sweden) Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (Greece) Clausthaler Umwelttechnik Institut GmbH (Germany) DaimlerChrysler AG, (Germany) EC BREC - Institute for Fuels and Renewable Energy (Poland) National University of Ireland (Ireland) Electricité de France (France) Europäisches Zentrum für Erneuerbare Energie Güssing GmbH (Austria) Lunds Universitet (Sweden) ESU-Services Ltd. (Switzerland) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany) Asociacion de Investigacion y Cooperacion Industrial de Andalucia (Spain) Institut für Energetik und Umwelt GmbH (Germany) Instytut Nafty i Gazu (Poland, until 12/2005) Instytut Technologii Nafty (Poland) Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland) Regienov - Renault Recherche et Innovation (France) REPOTEC - Renewable Power Technologies Umwelttechnik GmbH (Switzerland) TU Wien, Inst. für Verfahrenstech., Umwelttech. und Technische Biowissenschaften (Austria) Volvo Technology Corporation AB (Sweden) Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung, Baden-Württemberg (Germany) Södra Cell AB (Sweden) B.A.U.M. Consult GmbH (Germany Ecotraffic ERD3 AB (Sweden) Total SA (France, from 1/2006) SYNCOM F&E-Beratung GmbH (Germany, from 1/2006) Website: www.renew-fuel.com Abbreviations.........................................................................................................7 Glossary .................................................................................................................9 Preface by the coordinator of the RENEW project .........................................11 1. Introduction and Objectives ..............................................................15 2. Feedstock and Biomass potential.......................................................19 2.1 Biomass for BtL production ................................................................................. 19 2.2 Methodology........................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Results..................................................................................................................... 23 2.4 Regions of the highest potential ........................................................................... 31 2.5 Comparison with previous studies....................................................................... 33 2.6 Conclusions and recommendations ..................................................................... 35 3. The BtL production pathways ...........................................................37 3.1 UET: Entrained flow gasification for FT-diesel production ............................. 39 3.2 FZK: Decentral pyrolysis for entrained flow gasification for FT-diesel production .............................................................................................................. 42 3.3 Chemrec: Entrained flow gasification of black-liquor for DME production .. 45 3.4 Cutec: Autothermal circulating fluidized bed gasification for FT-diesel production .............................................................................................................. 48 3.5 TUV/BKG/RPT: Allothermal circulating fluidized bed gasification for FT- diesel production.................................................................................................... 51 3.6 Abengoa: Biomass gasification for ethanol production ..................................... 54 4. Technical Assessment .........................................................................57 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 57 4.2 Concept profiles and assessment method............................................................ 58 4.3 Technical performance of the concepts............................................................... 61 4.4 Time horizon of BtL implementation .................................................................. 67 4.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 69 5. BtL properties and suitability............................................................71 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 71 5.2 Fuel properties....................................................................................................... 73 5.3 Emission reduction potential................................................................................ 75 5.4 Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions ................................................................. 77 5.5 Suitability with modern after-treatment technologies....................................... 78 5.6 Suitability for advanced combustion processes .................................................. 79 5.7 Drivability .............................................................................................................. 80 5.8 Compatibility with materials................................................................................ 81 5.9 Storage properties ................................................................................................. 83 5.10 Infrastructure aspects ........................................................................................... 84 5.11 Environmental and safety aspects........................................................................ 85 5.12 Conclusions and summary.................................................................................... 90 6. Life cycle assessment of BtL fuels......................................................93 6.1 Introduction to the methodology.......................................................................... 93 6.2 Goal and Scope of the study ................................................................................. 93 6.3 Life cycle inventory analysis................................................................................. 97 6.4 Life cycle impact assessment and interpretation.............................................. 101 6.5 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 107 6.6 Limitations of the study ...................................................................................... 108 6.7 Outlook................................................................................................................. 108 6.8 Critical review...................................................................................................... 108 7. Economic Assessment .......................................................................109 7.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 109 7.2 General approach of cost calculation ................................................................ 109 7.3 Biomass production and provision costs to the 1st gathering point ................ 111 7.4 Biomass provision costs from the 1st gathering point to the BtL plant .......... 117 7.5 BtL production costs ........................................................................................... 125 7.6 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 132 8. Market implementation....................................................................133 8.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 133 8.2 Challenges and measures.................................................................................... 133 8.3 Market implementation plan.............................................................................. 143 9. Final Conclusions and recommendations.......................................147 9.1 Biomass................................................................................................................. 147 9.2 Technical Assessment.......................................................................................... 150 9.3 Suitability ............................................................................................................. 152 9.4 Life cycle Assessment .........................................................................................
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