Saffar Perez, Amir A., Ma August 2020

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Saffar Perez, Amir A., Ma August 2020 SAFFAR PEREZ, AMIR A., M.A. AUGUST 2020 ENGLISH THE DISTORTED WORLD: SOLOMON KANE, HAJJI BABA, THE MAD ARAB AND SHE (82 PP.) Thesis Advisor: Christopher Roman This thesis examines the portrayal of race and gender in serialized works, with a major focus on pulp literature. I argue that lower regarded literature such as pulps has relevance in the discussion gender and race precisely because of their appeal to the masses in comparison to the higher class of literature, and that many of these texts while offensive to the modern reader, still have value and relevancy in literary discussion. To do this, I first examine H.P. Lovecraft and his position in pop culture due to his popularity compared to his pulp peers. I focus on his obsession with the civilized world through his story Rats in the Walls, and how the removal of a person from civilization can doom them. Afterward I turn my attention to James Morier and his work The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Isphahan. I argue that Morier uses this work to exploit the Iranian culture, banking on the fact that it was not well known outside of the Middle East. In the third part I focus on H. Rider Haggard’s She: A History of Adventure, which, while intended to be an antifeminist text, I argue undermines itself and actually provides examples of protofeminist characters and societies in spite of its racist imagery. Finally, I turn my attention to Robert E. Howard’s character of Solomon Kane and his closest comrade N’Longa. I argue that while N’Longa seems to fit the “Magical Negro” stereotype, he is in fact a nuanced portrayal that actually defies that stereotype. Ultimately, it is these lower tier stories that the masses consume, and which define how we perceive the world, and I believe that we need to take them more seriously. The Distorted World: Solomon Kane, Hajji Baba, The Mad Arab and She A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Amir Saffar Perez August 2020 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials. Thesis written by Amir Saffar Perez B.A., University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 2016 B.S., University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 2016 M.S., University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 2018 M.A., Kent State University, 2020 Approved by _________ ________________, Advisor Dr. Christopher Roman __________ _______________, Chair, Department of English Dr. Babacar M’Baye _________ _______________, Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Dr. Mandy Munro-Stasiuk TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………....iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………….v CHAPTERS I. Introduction: …………………………..…………………………………………......1 Setting the Stage……………………………………………………………………...1 The Method…………………………………………………………………………..2 The Authors………………………………………………………………………......5 Pulps……………………………………………………………………………….....7 Lovecraft…………………………………………………………………………….12 II. James Morier and Hajji Baba: A Case of Pulp Bigotry……………………………..21 III. She and the Oriental Protofeminist………………………………………………….36 IV. Race, Mysticism and the Works of Robert E. Howard……………………………..49 V. Conclusion: ………………………...……………………………………………….71 BIBLIOGRAPHY….………………..……………………………………………………….....73 iv Acknowledgements The first person I must thank is my advisor, Professor Christopher Roman, whose tireless patience and advice is the main reason this thesis was completed. He provided assistance during a tumultuous time which allowed me to truly argue and develop my work beyond the shallow narrative I had started with. I would also like to acknowledge the members of my defense committee, Dr. Vera Camden and Dr. Babacar M’Baye, for their support and advice during my academic career. I extend my thanks to my colleagues Devin, Shibaji and Fahrooq for putting up with my obsession with pulp literature. And finally I extend my love and affection to my family, whose support in this very bizarre time helped push me to finish this thesis. v Chapter I: Introduction 1. Setting the stage Within the first line of H. Rider Haggard’s pulp-novel She (1887), Ludwig Holly notes that “There are some events of which each circumstance…seems to be graven on the memory in such fashion that we cannot forget it…It rises as clearly before my mind at this moment as though it had happened but yesterday” (Haggard 1). This notion of memory and by extension legacy carries over throughout the narrative and proves essential in capturing the timeless quality of its immortal titular character. It is within these recollections, which is framed within another recollection, we are presented with a life whole and unbound, of a unique and powerful woman, Ayesha. But it is the nature of the narrative, this memory within memory of a woman that draws my eye. Like Haggard, many of us are drawn in by memories of nations and people long since passed. The less we know of them factually, the more our imagination can encompass and create within those gaps of memory. But in doing so we rob that history of its agency, of its ability to tell the story of its people, of its nation, of its faith on its own terms. We take away the uniqueness of history to replace it with the increasingly mundane creativity of modern-day pop culture. As far back as 1937, critics could see the problems of devouring a culture and nation without having little connection to it, with Wallace Brown noting in his criticism of “Lalla Roch” that “The criticism is that the poem misrepresents actual eastern life by presenting only one side of the picture” (166) and upon taking that side, proceed to exaggerate to oblivion. But why do 1 so? One easy answer is that it was difficult to fact check the farther back you go. Now it’s easy to spot a liar, but in 1824? This would be a far more difficult endeavor. And while travel guides existed, they too were tinged with bias, as these travel guides were often the source for these sedentary writers, they were the basis for these stories. Even further on, National Geographic became the western world’s go-to guide to everywhere else, in spite of its early bias. Not every writer wrote from ignorance or secondhand accounts; some actually went to the places they wrote about, and proceeded to write whatever they wanted. This thesis aims to look at several obscure (from a modern perspective, at least) texts from three authors in particular: Justinian Morier, Rider Haggard and Robert E. Howard; these texts being Hajji Baba, She: A History of Adventure, and Solomon Kane respectively. These texts and their authors are oftentimes offensive, but occasionally stumble upon something meaningful and profound. I will dissect these texts and their historical and academic merits. As a counterpoint, I will also highlight H.P. Lovecraft and his relevance in the discussion of pulp at the end of this Introduction.. 2. The Method When looking at how we teach literature, it’s impossible to catch it all. The teacher has to pick the best of the best, the works that encompass a genre or era, as they have no time read it all. But even then, stories fall through the cracks. When discussing modernist stories such as Heart of Darkness, little is made of its publication history. Most students don’t even realize it was originally published in Blackwood Magazine, and most do not know how the form of the story affects its narrative. The serialized nature of these stories meant that each section had to be self- contained in order to keep the reader engaged with every issue. Within modernist history, there is 2 an even less talked about aspect: the pulps. These pulp paper magazines, defined by cheapness and volume, serve as the bedrock of early Americana pulp culture. These are stories that were sold to the everyman, and disregarded of relevance by its disposable nature. These stories are a struggle to find, and even harder to preserve. Yet, while modernism gave way to post- modernism, few kept an eye on its shadow, pulps often reacting to trends and often surpassing them in scope and idea. As Jason Carney notes, “How can it be a surprise to pulp enthusiast today that its study has become the purview not of literary criticism but of ‘pop culture studies,’” (4) something that makes it nigh impossible to get significant discussion on its nature or value. From the first pulp magazine, The Argosy, to Black Mask to Weird Tales, pulp magazines have had a profound impact on modern media. Tarzan and Zorro debuted within the pages of pulps; although, they are rarely considered as a pulp works, instead turning them retroactively into more “serious works of literature”. The defining ideas of science fiction found their basis in the early sci-fi pulps. Black Mask gave America the framework for its detective shows, Argosy introduced the pulps to the world at large and Weird Tales gave us Cthulhu and Conan; two figures whose representation in modern pop culture is comically large. The form and nature of these forgotten stories and history intrigues me and attracts me into a discussion on their merits in modern gender and race analysis. Its increasingly common to read articles and blogs summarizing authors like H.P. Lovecraft and Robert E. Howard as racists and refusing to give their works any credit. But the immediate dismissal does more harm than good, because it prevents us from acquiring meaningful and potentially intriguing ideas from a text. No person and by extension, no text, is completely morally pure. There are shades of grey in the best of us, so to dismiss and reject a text of all academic merit based on the views of an author, deprives the reader of making 3 judgment on the text itself. She and Hajji Baba have historic precedence that is denied in favor of sexier stories and narratives.
Recommended publications
  • The Nemedian Chroniclers #22 [WS16]
    REHeapa Winter Solstice 2016 By Lee A. Breakiron A WORLDWIDE PHENOMENON Few fiction authors are as a widely published internationally as Robert E. Howard (e.g., in Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, and Yugoslavian). As former REHupan Vern Clark states: Robert E. Howard has long been one of America’s stalwarts of Fantasy Fiction overseas, with extensive translations of his fiction & poetry, and an ever mushrooming distribution via foreign graphic story markets dating back to the original REH paperback boom of the late 1960’s. This steadily increasing presence has followed the growing stylistic and market influence of American fantasy abroad dating from the initial translations of H.P. Lovecraft’s Arkham House collections in Spain, France, and Germany. The growth of the HPL cult abroad has boded well for other American exports of the Weird Tales school, and with the exception of the Lovecraft Mythos, the fantasy fiction of REH has proved the most popular, becoming an international literary phenomenon with translations and critical publications in Spain, Germany, France, Greece, Poland, Japan, and elsewhere. [1] All this shows how appealing REH’s exciting fantasy is across cultures, despite inevitable losses in stylistic impact through translations. Even so, there is sometimes enough enthusiasm among readers to generate fandom activities and publications. We have already covered those in France. [2] Now let’s take a look at some other countries. GERMANY, AUSTRIA, AND SWITZERLAND The first Howard stories published in German were in the fanzines Pioneer #25 and Lands of Wonder ‒ Pioneer #26 (Austratopia, Vienna) in 1968 and Pioneer of Wonder #28 (Follow, Passau, Germany) in 1969.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond
    m Mittelpunkt dieses Bandes steht das Werk des türkischen Autors und Übersetzers aus dem Deutschen Sabahattin Ali, der mit seinem Roman KürkI Mantolu Madonna (Die Madonna im Pelzmantel) zu posthumem Ruhm gelangte. Der Roman, der zum Großteil in Deutschland spielt, und andere seiner Werke werden unter Aspekten der Weltliteratur, (kultureller) Übersetzung und Intertextualität diskutiert. Damit reicht der Fokus weit über die bislang im Vordergrund stehende interkulturelle Liebesgeschichte 2016 Türkisch-Deutsche Studien in der Madonna hinaus. Weitere Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit Zafer Şenocaks Essaysammlung Jahrbuch 2016 Deutschsein und dem transkulturellen Lernen mit Bilderbüchern. Ein Interview mit Selim Özdoğan rundet diese Ausgabe ab. The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond herausgegeben von Şeyda Ozil, Michael Hofmann, Jens-Peter Laut, Yasemin Dayıoğlu-Yücel, Cornelia Zierau und Kristin Dickinson Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch ISBN: 978-3-86395-297-6 Universitätsverlag Göttingen ISSN: 2198-5286 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Şeyda Ozil, Michael Hofmann, Jens-Peter Laut, Yasemin Dayıoğlu-Yücel, Cornelia Zierau, Kristin Dickinson (Hg.) The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch 2016 erschienen im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2017 The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond Herausgegeben von Şeyda Ozil, Michael Hofmann, Jens-Peter Laut, Yasemin Dayıoğlu-Yücel, Cornelia Zierau und Kristin Dickinson in Zusammenarbeit mit Didem Uca Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch 2016 Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2017 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.dnb.de> abrufbar. Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch herausgegeben von Prof. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Savage Tales of Solomon Kane Free
    FREE THE SAVAGE TALES OF SOLOMON KANE PDF Robert E Howard | 414 pages | 29 Jun 2004 | Random House USA Inc | 9780345461506 | English | New York, United States The Savage Tales of Solomon Kane by Robert E. Howard: | : Books Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Enabling JavaScript in your The Savage Tales of Solomon Kane will allow you to experience all the features of our site. Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. NOOK Book. Audio MP3 on CD. Skulls in the Stars He told how murderers walk the earth Beneath the curse of Cain, With crimson clouds before their eyes And flames about their brain: For blood has left upon their souls Its everlasting stain. Hood I There are The Savage Tales of Solomon Kane roads to Torkertown. One, the shorter and more direct route, leads across a barren upland moor, and the other, which is much longer, winds its tortuous way in and out among the hummocks and quagmires of the swamps, skirting the low hills to the east. The Savage Tales of Solomon Kane was a dangerous and tedious trail; so Solomon Kane halted in amazement when a breathless youth from the village he had just left, overtook him and implored him for God's sake to take the swamp road. He was a tall, gaunt man, was Solomon Kane, his darkly pallid face and deep brooding eyes made more somber by the drab Puritanical garb he affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Ka Nama Nama Hey #3 [VE15]
    Issue #3 December 2014 Volume 2 No. 2 Published Quarterly by Scott Sheaffer For REHeapa December 2014 Mailing Contents © Scott Sheaffer Except Where Otherwise Noted Write to [email protected] For A Print Quality File About ten years ago, Ben Szumskyj asked me to review the Robert E. Howard collection The Moon of Skulls for REH: Two-Gun Raconteur when Damon Sasser allowed Ben to guest edit an issue. Ben specified a 1,000 word piece. Well, I really got into it and ended up writing over 5,600 words. I worked hard to cut more than 1,000 words over two revisions. I realized that only heavy re-writing and a new approach was going to get me near 1,000 words. I eventually completed a 1,131 word review for Ben. Since I put so much work into it, I wanted someone to read my 4,589 word version. (Of course, the current word count is going to be differnt since I made some slight revisions for its use here.)f I first published this long review in The Dalriadic Chronicles #42 which ran in SSWFT, a sword & sorcery and weird fiction amateur press association, for the Autumn 2005 mailing. Scott The Moon of Skulls by Robert E. Howard, Wildside Press, 2005. 216 pages. Edited by Paul Her- man with an Introduction by Mark Finn. H.C. Robert E. Howard (1906-1936) is one of the fantasy genre’s most important writers. Howard, a native Texan and proud Southerner, wrote and published tales set in created fantasy worlds before Tolkien’s The Hobbit appeared and decades before The Lord of the Rings’ success.
    [Show full text]
  • The Talisman ======An Electronic Edition
    Sir Walter Scott: The Talisman ============================== an electronic edition version 1.1: 1996-05-24 For information on sources and transcription, see the notes at the end of this text file ---------------------------------------------------------------- <title page> THE TALISMAN A TALE OF THE CRUSADERS <introduction> INTRODUCTION TO THE TALISMAN. The ``Betrothed'' did not greatly please one or two friends, who thought that it did not well correspond to the general title of ``The Crusaders.'' They urged, therefore, that without direct allusion to the manners of the Eastern tribes, and to the romantic conflicts of the period, the title of a ``Tale of the Crusaders'' would resemble the play-bill which is said to have announced the tragedy of Hamlet, the character of the Prince of Denmark being left out. On the other hand, I felt the difficulty of giving a vivid picture of a part of the world with which I was almost totally unacquainted, unless by early recollections of the ``Arabian Nights' Entertainments;'' and not only did I labour under the incapacity of ignorance, in which, as far as regards Eastern manners, I was as thickly wrapped as an Egyptian in his fog; but my contemporaries were, many of them, as much enlightened upon the subject, as if they had been inhabitants of the favoured land of Goshen. The love of travelling had pervaded all ranks, and carried the subjects of Britain into all quarters of the world. Greece, so attractive by its remains of art, by its struggles for freedom against a Mahomedan tyrant, by its very name, where every fountain had its classical legend;---Palestine, endeared to the imagination by yet more sacred remembrances, had been of late surveyed by British eyes, and described by recent travellers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Talisman a Tale of the Crusaders
    ! " !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 世界经典文学名著原版库! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !"# !$%&’($) $ !$%# ! ! ! ! ! ! *+ !"# ,-.’$/#-’ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 《 护符》 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 北京师联教育科学研究所! 编 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 学苑音像出版社 ! ! ! ! ! " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " ! 图书在版编目(!"#)数据 世界经典文学名著原版库 ! 北京师联教育科学研究所编 " —北京:学苑音像出 版社,#$$%" & ’()* + , --$%$ , #+$ , . !" 世⋯ / "" 北⋯ / #" 世界文学—文学—名著:英文 / $" ’#00 , & 中国版本图书馆 1’2 数据核字(#$$%)第 3-+044 号 世界经典文学名著原版库 北京师联教育科学研究所/ 编 出/ 版:学苑音像出版社 印/ 刷:北京密云红光印刷厂 开/ 本:-%$556334-55/ 3 ! 34 印/ 张:#-$$ 字/ 数:7&,$$$ 千字 版/ 次:#$$% 年 7 月第 3 版 印/ 数:3 , %,$$$ 书/ 号:’()* + , --$%$ , #+$ , . 定/ 价:%-$$" $$ 元(全 #0$ 册) THE TALISMAN A TALE OF THE CRUSADERS BY SIR WALTER SCOTT, Bart. INTRODUCTION TO THE TALISMAN. The ``Betrothed'' did not greatly please one or two friends, who thought that it did not well correspond to the general title of ``The Crusaders.'' They urged, therefore, that without direct allusion to the manners of the Eastern tribes, and to the romantic conflicts of the period, the title of a ``Tale of the Crusaders'' would resemble the play-bill which is said to have announced the tragedy of Hamlet, the character of the Prince of Denmark being left out. On the other hand, I felt the difficulty of giving a vivid picture of
    [Show full text]
  • Crusades 1 Crusades
    Crusades 1 Crusades The Crusades were military campaigns sanctioned by the Latin Roman Catholic Church during the High Middle Ages through to the end of the Late Middle Ages. In 1095 Pope Urban II proclaimed the first crusade, with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem. Many historians and some of those involved at the time, like Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, give equal precedence to other papal-sanctioned military campaigns undertaken for a variety of religious, economic, and political reasons, such as the Albigensian Crusade, the The Byzantine Empire and the Sultanate of Rûm before the First Crusade Aragonese Crusade, the Reconquista, and the Northern Crusades. Following the first crusade there was an intermittent 200-year struggle for control of the Holy Land, with six more major crusades and numerous minor ones. In 1291, the conflict ended in failure with the fall of the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land at Acre, after which Roman Catholic Europe mounted no further coherent response in the east. Some historians see the Crusades as part of a purely defensive war against the expansion of Islam in the near east, some see them as part of long-running conflict at the frontiers of Europe and others see them as confident aggressive papal led expansion attempts by Western Christendom. The Byzantines, unable to recover territory lost during the initial Muslim conquests under the expansionist Rashidun and Umayyad caliphs in the Arab–Byzantine Wars and the Byzantine–Seljuq Wars which culminated in the loss of fertile farmlands and vast grazing areas of Anatolia in 1071, after a sound victory by the occupying armies of Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert.
    [Show full text]
  • Marco Polo's Forerunners to the Court of Qubilai Khan
    Marco Polo's Forerunners to the Court of Qubilai Khan by SHINJI MAEJIMA Professor of Keio University The date that Nicolau Polo, father of Marco Polo, arrived with his brother Mafeu at the court of Qubilai Khan is supposed to be approximately in 1266 A. D. Before the arrival, Niccolo and Maffeo stayed in the city of Bucara (Bukhara), which is located in Central Asia, for three years. On account of the great war among the Tartars they were unable to proceed. During their stay, the Tartars finally made peace within themselves and a few days later came a wise man whom Ulau (Hulagu) sent as messenger to the great Khan Qubilai. When this messenger had learned the fact that the so called Latins were there and when he saw them, he was greatly amazed and was overjoyed, for he had never seen any Latins in that country. Marco Polo stated in the "De- scription of the World": "He [the messenger of Ulau] said to the two brothers, Sirs, says he, if you will trust me you will have great profit from it and great honours. The two brothers said to him that they will trust him gladly if it is a thing that they could do. The messenger says to them, Sirs, I tell you that the great Lord of the Tartars never saw any Latins and has great desire and wish to see some of them, and so if you will come with me all the way to him I tell you that, as you are noble and wise men, he will see you very gladly and will do you great honour and great good and will have the greatest pleasure and contentment in hearing from you the news and conditions of your lands, for he is a lord of the greatest power and has great wish to hear new things; and you will be able to come safely with me without any hindrance from any evil people or fear that any attack will be made on your personss while you are with me."(1) So the two brothers ac- companied the messenger, and after a whole year of travelling they reached the court of the Khan.
    [Show full text]
  • Boctor of ^Ijilosoplip
    THE MUGHAL COURT'S PERCEPTION OF EUROPE; A STUDY OF ITS CULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL POLICY RESPONSES THESIS - SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Boctor of ^Ijilosoplip ^ HISTORY BY ADITI GOVIL Under the Supervision of DR. FARHAT HASAN CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY'^ ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2008 ABSTRACT Since the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism, much work has been done on the European perception of the Asian World, on how the colonizers viewed the culture and society of the colonized, and how their perception carried connotations of power and control. Beyond generalized impressions however, very little has been written on how the Asians viewed the Europe and the Europeans and more importantly, how their perception of the European 'other' shaped the course of their interaction with the European merchants and traders before the intrusion of colonialism. The present study is concerned with exploring the relations between the European merchants and the Mughal court from the perspective of the Mughals. One of the important problems that this work seeks to explain is the Mughal perception of the European, since they first came to India mainly as merchants and Company servants, and established their factories and settlements at different places in the Mughal domain. Following from this, we also explored the nature of Mughal response to European 'presence,' and seek to, unravel the connection between perceptions and policies, that is, the extent to which Mughal perception of Europeans shaped their commercial policy responses toward them. The expansion of European trade in India that ultimately led to India's subjugation by the English East India Company, was crucially facilitated by a concessional (practically 'Free Trade') policy of the Mughal rulers.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercantilism and the Muslim States: Lessons from the History
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Mercantilism and the Muslim states: Lessons from the history Islahi, Abdul Azim Islamic Economics Research Center, KAU, Jeddah, KSA 2008 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/69012/ MPRA Paper No. 69012, posted 25 Jan 2016 07:47 UTC Mercantilism and the Muslim States: Lessons from the History Abdul Azim Islahi[*] Abstract. Mercantilism was the dominant current of economic thinking and practice during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries till the emergence of physiocracy. The scientific discoveries in Europe helped the development of mercantilism in many ways. Discovery of new world provided them with new market and a new all water route of European trade through the Cape of the Good Hope. On all these fronts the Muslim states lagged behind. Their absence from this front left the merchant-patronizing governments free to impoverish a larger part of the world by establishing colonies and exploiting them to their own benefit. The development of mercantilism marked the shift of paradigm. It ignored ethical considerations and destroyed moral values that had been hitherto inseparable part of economic thinking and practices. Introduction Mercantilism refers to economic system of the major trading nations during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.1 It spread simultaneously over the major European countries. The present paper aims to investigate the causes that helped the growth of mercantilism in Western countries and the reason why it failed to develop in eastern part of the world which was ruled by three most powerful Muslim governments of the time. To begin with, the paper briefly introduces the basic ideas of mercantilism.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Numbers 11 Part 1
    In This Issue: Columns: Revealed At Last........................................................................... 2-3 Pulp Sources.....................................................................................3 Mailing Comments....................................................................29-31 Recently Read/Recently Acquired............................................32-39 The Men Who Made The Argosy ROCURED Samuel Cahan ................................................................................17 Charles M. Warren..........................................................................17 Hugh Pentecost..............................................................................17 P Robert Carse..................................................................................17 Gordon MacCreagh........................................................................17 Richard Wormser ...........................................................................17 Donald Barr Chidsey......................................................................17 95404 CA, Santa Rosa, Chandler Whipple ..........................................................................17 Louis C. Goldsmith.........................................................................18 1130 Fourth Street, #116 1130 Fourth Street, ASILY Allan R. Bosworth..........................................................................18 M. R. Montgomery........................................................................18 John Myers Myers ..........................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Concept of Chivalry As Applied to Sir Walter Scott's the Talisman
    Universiteit Gent Academiejaar 2006-2007 “an example to them who account themselves the flower of knighthood” An analysis of the concept of chivalry as applied to Sir Walter Scott’s The Talisman Promotor: Prof. Dr. M. Demoor aaaaaaaaaaaa Verhandeling voorgelegd aan de Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte voor het behalen van de graad van licentiaat in de Taal- en Letterkunde: Germaanse talen door Olivier Wauters 1 I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Marysa Demoor, for helping me to find a fitting subject, for her suggestions concerning the structure of this dissertation and for her general guidance. I would also like to thank Prof. Erik Kooper whose lectures on Middle English proved to be a welcome inspiration. Further thanks should go to my parents and brother, my girlfriend Sofie and her parents, and everyone else for their unfailing support and patience. 2 Contents Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 PART I – Chivalry: the theoretical conept................................................................. 5 1. The concept of chivalry.......................................................................................... 6 1.1. A problematic notion....................................................................................... 6 1.2. Sword, cross and table..................................................................................... 7 1.2.1. The sword................................................................................................
    [Show full text]