Terror Bay Treasure
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LIEUTENAwr;, SCHWATKA SHOWING THE ESKIMOS THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS.'' A,gc 2,3. THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLINO A NARRATIVE OF THE AMRRIOAN EXPEDITION UNDER LIEUTENANT SCHWATKA, 1878 to 1880. }VITH JLLUSTRATIONS, .FROM BNGRAVINGS DESIGNED BY THE ARTIST OF THE EXPEDITION. }?-i.onb.on: T. NELSON AND SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW. EDINBURGH; AND NEW YORK. 1882. @ontcnts. INTRODUCTION, I. EARLY EXPERIENCES 01,' THE EXPLORING PARTY, 19 II. THE STORIES m' THE NATIVES, 40 III. RETRACING THEIR STEPS, ... 66 IV. SEAL A:N"D WALRUS HUNTING, 76 V. SAFE HOl\IE, 94 VI. LIEUTENANT SCHWATKA'S PERSONAL NARRATIVE, 97 VII. THE VOYAGE OF THE "JEANNETTE," 113 J§ist nf §RlluBtrntions. LIEUTENANT SCBWATKA SHOWING THE E.rn:nrns THE "ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS," Fro,itispiece llfAP OF SLEDGE JOURNEYS AND SEAI'..CHES, , • s DOWN HILL, 'J..7 DISCOVERY OF LIEUTENANT IRVING'S GR.-\. VE, 51 VIEW IN SUl\Il\lER, KING WILLIAllI's LAND, .. G3 ON THE SALMON CREEK, , , 77 RETNDEER-HUNTING IN KAYAKS, 91 CROSSING Sll\IPSON STRAIT IN K.\ Y.IK~, 103 BREAKING UP OF THE ICE, 107 Pk . of t11e Sledge Journeys nnd Se.arch e·s ot th" Fn1nklin Sea.rel, Pa1•ty under LIEUT. FRED'K SCHWATKA, 1878-79-80, SlOOgcJ"ourncytolC.lng"\Vl\li~mLandand,.rct•irn .........'),•· ·· :FreliqliiH1.ry8ltdgcJ"our-M_y•<d"LL,Sdt.wafka Cvl. Glider THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN. INTRODUCTION. ~ IR JOHN FRANKLIN had already earned a high reputation as an Arctic explorer when, in the spring of 1845, he was placed by the British - ....k- Admiralty at the head of an expedition designed ' ?i" ' to prosecute the search after a North-West Pas sage,-that is, a channel of communication between Baffin Bay on the west coast and Behring Strait on the east coast of North America. -
Insight from Catastrophe
INSIGHT FROM CATASTROPHE Floating ice field in the North-West Passage 18 | MARCH 2019 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | MARCH 2019 | 19 Douglas Palmer ponders some of the geological upshots of the doomed Franklin Expedition ir John Franklin’s ill-fated Alaska on September 14th. expedition on HMS Erebus, to Whilst waiting for its depot ship HMS find the North-West Passage Plover to arrive, Kellett and his naturalist, between the Atlantic and the German-born Berthold Seemann, took S Pacific Oceans, has often the opportunity to explore the nearby been in the news—most recently thanks frozen ice cliffs of Eschscholtz Bay. Kellett to Michael Palin’s new book, ‘Erebus: the and Seemann were aware that in 1816, a story of a ship’ (see book review on Russian expedition led by Captain Kotzebue page 24). had discovered what became Kotzebue And the story is an extraordinary one. Sound and the fossil-bearing ice cliffs of The ship disappeared in 1845. Successive Eschscholtz Bay—named after Kotzebue’s searches throughout the 19th century found naturalist Johann von Eschscholtz. The artefacts and human remains, but it was cliffs had also been investigated in 1826 by not until 2014 that the wreck of HMS a British naval expedition led by Captain Erebus was eventually found in cold Arctic Frederick Beechey, an investigation that waters. While the searches for survivors again turned up the bones of large animals. were initially fruitless, the search parties Whilst Kellett did not find any trace of did discover a number of interesting Franklin, he did find a spectacular cache of geological artefacts. -
About the Franklin Expedition in 1845, Sir John Franklin and His Crew Set Sail from England Aboard Two Ships: HMS Erebus and HMS Terror
About the Franklin Expedition In 1845, Sir John Franklin and his crew set sail from England aboard two ships: HMS Erebus and HMS Terror. Their goal was to chart the unknown portion of the Northwest Passage — a coveted polar shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific — which was seen as the key to an easier trade route between Europe and Asia. By 1845, Europeans had been trying to chart this route for more than four centuries, and only a small remainder of the Northwest Passage was left to be mapped. The Franklin Expedition was the largest of its kind ever sent to the Arctic by Great Britain. The expedition’s ships — originally Royal Navy bomb vessels — were significantly altered for the voyage. Each was fitted with iron plating on the bow, a furnace, a new system that distilled fresh water, and a steam locomotive engine with a retractable screw propeller. The Franklin Expedition boasted the finest crew and technology in the British Empire, and had enough supplies to last three years. Like many explorers in Arctic-obsessed Britain, Franklin was a national hero. Hopes were high that Franklin would succeed in traversing the whole of this elusive passage, a task that had become a focus of national pride. Two years later, the expedition had not returned. Its 129 men had vanished, seemingly without a trace, somewhere in the Arctic Archipelago. In England, Lady Jane Franklin fanned the public’s fascination with polar exploration to spark a massive search. It took more than a decade to establish the main facts: that all 129 men were dead and the two ships lost — although how and why remained a mystery. -
Death in the Ice by Göran R
Death in the Ice by Göran R. Buckhorn The Franklin Expedition Revealed n 19 May 1845, 59-year-old Captain Sir John Franklin departed from Greenhithe, near London, as the com- mander of a two-ship expedi- tion to find the much- sought-after Northwest Pas- sage to Asia. By this time, the British had explored nearly all the oceans of the world, Obut had yet to find a sailing route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific across the top of North America. Franklin and his 133-strong crew aboard HMS Erebus and HMS Terror left England under great ac- claim. Erebus and Terror were two former bomb vessels, which had been converted for polar expeditions. In late July, after discharging five men at the Whale Fish Islands on Greenland’s west coast, the ves- © national maritime museum, greenwich, london, caird collection sels were sighted in Baffin Bay between HMS Erebus in the Ice, 1846, by François Étienne Musin Greenland and Baffin Island by some whal- brethren, showed an early interest in a ca- tion led by Sir William Parry coming from ing ships. This was the last time the Frank- reer at sea. In March 1800, the teenager’s Lancaster Sound to the east. The Cop- lin Expedition was seen by Europeans. father secured him an appointment on a permine Expedition would end in catas- As we know from history, the expedi- Royal Navy vessel. Soon, the young Frank- trophe; Franklin lost almost half of his tion would fail; Franklin and his men lin saw action. He participated in critical twenty-man crew to starvation, one was would never be heard from again, at least battles in British history, including the murdered, and then the murderer was not by their own countrymen. -
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ARCTIC VOL. 70, NO. 2 (JUNE 2017) P. 203 – 218 https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4649 History, Oral History and Archaeology: Reinterpreting the “Boat Places” of Erebus Bay Douglas R. Stenton1 and Robert W. Park2 (Received 11 August 2016; accepted in revised form 11 January 2017) ABSTRACT. Historical and archaeological records are examined for three archaeological sites at Erebus Bay, King William Island, associated with the 1845 John Franklin expedition. Comparison of 19th century historical descriptions with archaeological data from sites NgLj-1 and NgLj-3 establishes that the identification of NgLj-1 as the site of the 1859 McClintock “boat place” is incorrect and that NgLj-3 is the actual site. An assessment of 19th century oral historical information and contemporary archaeological data from NgLj-2 supports the conclusion that a ship’s boat from the Franklin expedition was once located at the site, but its identification as the second “boat place” discovered by Inuit in 1861 is problematic. The study underscores interpretive risks associated with uncritical acceptance of historical and oral historical accounts and the importance of archaeological research in the reconstruction of events surrounding the fate of the Franklin expedition. Key words: Franklin expedition; archaeology; Erebus Bay; oral history; King William Island; cannibalism; boat places RÉSUMÉ. Des enregistrements historiques et archéologiques de trois sites archéologiques de la baie Erebus, île King William, sont examinés en lien avec l’expédition de John Franklin en 1845. La comparaison des descriptions historiques du XIXe siècle avec les données archéologiques des sites NgLj-1 et NgLj-3 permet d’établir que l’identification de NgLj-1 comme site de l’« emplacement du bateau » de McClintock en 1859 est incorrecte et que NgLj-3 est le vrai site. -
Geographic Location Codes
Code Description 1961 House Election Dist District Name AAA BOKAN MOUNTAIN 1 Ketchikan AAB DALL ISLAND 1 Ketchikan AAC ROSE INLET 1 Ketchikan AAD KLAKAS INLET, PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND 1 Ketchikan ABA HIDDEN INLET 1 Ketchikan ABB KENDRICK BAY 1 Ketchikan ABD TONGASS 1 Ketchikan ABE TREE POINT 1 Ketchikan ABF FOGGY BAY, DIXON ENTRANCE 1 Ketchikan ACA KETCHIKAN 1 Ketchikan ACB CARLANNA 1 Ketchikan ACC PENINSULA POINT 1 Ketchikan ACD SHORELINE DRIVE 1 Ketchikan ACE SAXMAN 1 Ketchikan ACF WARD COVE 1 Ketchikan ACG MOUNTAIN POINT 1 Ketchikan ACH HERRING COVE 1 Ketchikan ACI GEORGE INLET 1 Ketchikan ACJ MUD BAY 1 Ketchikan ACK REFUGE COVE 1 Ketchikan ACL CLOVER PASS 1 Ketchikan ACM POINT HIGGINS 1 Ketchikan ACN SMUGGLER'S COVE 1 Ketchikan ACO SHOAL COVE 1 Ketchikan ACP METLAKATLA 1 Ketchikan ACQ ANNETTE 1 Ketchikan ACR MARY ISLAND 1 Ketchikan ACS LORING 1 Ketchikan ACT BELL ISLAND 1 Ketchikan ACU YES BAY 1 Ketchikan ACV NEETS BAY 1 Ketchikan ACW PRINCESS BAY 1 Ketchikan ACX HYDER 1 Ketchikan ACY BAKEWELL, SMEATON BAY ACZ KETCHIKAN ARMORY 1 Ketchikan ADA BEAVER FALLS 1 Ketchikan ADB KETCHIKAN CORRECTIONAL CENTER 1 Ketchikan ADC KETCHIKAN DETENTION CENTER 1 Ketchikan AEA CRAIG 1 Ketchikan AEB KLAWOCK 1 Ketchikan AEC TOKEEN 1 Ketchikan AED WATERFALL 1 Ketchikan AEE HYDABURG 1 Ketchikan AEF STEAMBOAT BAY 1 Ketchikan AEH SALT CHUCK 1 Ketchikan AEI WHALE PASS 1 Ketchikan AEJ HOLLIS 1 Ketchikan AEK EDNA BAY 1 Ketchikan AEL CAPE POLE 1 Ketchikan AEM PORT ALICE 1 Ketchikan AEN GILDERSLEEVE 1 Ketchikan AEO COFFMAN COVE 1 Ketchikan AEP KASAAN 1 Ketchikan -
Notice of Minor Screening and Comment Request
NIRB File No.: 17AN031 NPC File No.: 148448 March 14, 2017 Geoff Green Students on Ice Foundation 1740 Chemin Pink Rd Gatineau, QC J9J 3N7 Sent via email: [email protected] Re: Notice of Screening for Students on Ice Foundation’s “Canada C3 led by Students on Ice Foundation” project proposal Dear Geoff Green: On February 27, 2017 the Nunavut Impact Review Board (NIRB or Board) received a referral to screen Students on Ice Foundation’s “Canada C3 led by Students on Ice Foundation” project proposal from the Nunavut Planning Commission (NPC or Commission), with an accompanying positive conformity determination with the North Baffin Regional Land Use Plan. Pursuant to Article 12, Sections 12.4.1 and 12.4.4 of the Agreement between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada (Nunavut Agreement) and section 87 of the Nunavut Planning and Project Assessment Act (NuPPAA), the NIRB has commenced screening this project proposal and has assigned it file number 17AN031 - please reference this file number in all future related correspondence. PROJECT OVERVIEW Project Scope: The proposed “Canada C3 led by Students on Ice Foundation” project is located within the within the Qikiqtani (North Baffin) and Kitikmeot regions with five (5) out of the 15 legs to take place in Nunavut through the Northwest Passage visiting communities, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries and National Parks. The Proponent intends to provide passengers opportunities to engage in sightseeing, zodiac cruising and organized community visits. The program is proposed to take place from July to September 2017. -
The “Cast Iron Site”—A Tale of Four Stoves from the 1845 Franklin Northwest Passage Expedition Douglas R
ARCTIC VOL. 73, NO. 1 (MARCH 2020) P. 1 – 12 https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic69830 The “Cast Iron Site”—A Tale of Four Stoves from the 1845 Franklin Northwest Passage Expedition Douglas R. Stenton1,2 and Robert W. Park1 (Received 8 May 2019; accepted in revised form 23 September 2019) ABSTRACT. Few detailed analyses exist for the majority of the sites that comprise the archaeological record of the 1845 Franklin Northwest Passage expedition. This paper presents the results of new investigations of an Inuit site (NgLj-9) at Erebus Bay on King William Island, Nunavut, containing materials derived from the 1845 Franklin expedition. The complex history of the origin and use of artifacts found at the site and its relationship to other Franklin sites and events associated with the expedition are revealed through the analysis and integration of archaeological, historical, and oral historical data. Key words: Franklin Expedition; King William Island; archaeology; portable stoves; Inuit RÉSUMÉ. Il existe peu d’analyses détaillées pour la majorité des sites qui composent les données archéologiques de l’expédition du passage du Nord-Ouest de Franklin en 1845. Dans ce document, nous présentons les résultats de nouvelles enquêtes relatives à un site inuit (NgLj-9) situé à la baie d’Erebus de l’île King William, au Nunavut. Ce site renferme du matériel dérivé de l’expédition Franklin en 1845. L’histoire complexe de l’origine et de l’utilisation des artefacts trouvés au site de même que son lien avec les autres sites et événements liés à l’expédition Franklin sont révélés par le biais de l’analyse et de l’intégration des données archéologiques, historiques et orales historiques. -
Distribution and Migration of the Bowhead Whale, Balaena Mysticetus, in the Eastern North American Arctic
ARCTIC VOL. 36, NO. 1 (MARCH lW)P. 5-64 Distribution and Migration of the Bowhead Whale, Baluenu mysticetus, in the Eastern North American Arctic RANDALL REEVES,’ EDWARD MITCHELL,’ ARTHUR MANSFIELD,’ and MICHELE MCLAUGHLIN’.~ ABSTRACT. Largecatches of bowhead whales, Bulaena mysficerus, were made in the Eastern Arctic of NorthAmerica, principally in Davis Strait, Baffin Bay, the Lancaster Sound region, Hudson Bay, and southern Foxe Basin, between 1719 and 1915. Initial stock sizes have been estimated as 1 I OOO in 1825 for the “Davis Strait stock” and 680 in 1859 for the “Hudson Bay stock.” The separate identity of these two putative stocks needs confirmation through direct evidence. Three sets of data were used to evaluate historic and present-day trends in the distribution of bowheads in the Eastern Arctic andto test hypotheses concerning the nature, timing, and routes of their migration. Published records from commercial whale fisheries prior to 1915, unpublished and some publishedrecords from the post-commercial whaling period 1915-1974, and reportedsightings made mainly by environmental assessment per- sonnel between 1975 and 1979, were tabulated and plotted on charts. Comments made by whalers and nineteenthcentury naturalists concerning bowhead distribution and movements were summarized and critically evaluated. The major whalinggrounds were: (1) the west coast of Greenland betweenca. 60”Nand 73”N, the spring and early summer “east side” grounds of the British whalers;(2) the spring “south-west fishing” grounds, including the northeast coast of Labrador, the mouth of Hudson Strait, southeast Baftin Island, and the pack ice edge extending east from Resolution Island; (3) the summer “west water” grounds, including Pond Inlet, the Lan- caster Sound region, and Prince Regent Inlet; (4) the autumn “rock-nosing” grounds along the entire east coast of Baffin Island; (5) Cumbedand Sound, a spring and fall ground; and (6)northwest Hudson Bay/southwest Foxe Basin. -
Boat Expedition
" Forlorn Hope," running under the lee of Two Icebergs, aground in the Wellington ·channel, in a gale of Wind, 23d August 1852. [ To face the Title page.] Vide page 14. NARRATIVE OF A BOAT EXPEDITION UP THE WELLINGTON CHANNEL In the Year 1852, UNDER THE COMMAND OF R. M'CORMICK, R.N., F.R.C.S.~ IN H.M.B. " FORLORN HOPE," IN SE_ARCH OF SIR JOHN FRANKLIN ; WITH CHART, ILLUSTRATIONS, AND PLANS OF SEARCH. LONDON: PRINTED BY GEORGE EDWARD EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1854~ DR. M'CORMICK'S BOAT EXPEDITION UP THE vVELLINGTON CHi\NNEL, 1852. NARRATIVE of a BoAT and SLEDGE EXPEDITION up Wellington Channel and round Baring Bay, in search of Sir John Franklin and the crews of the discovery ships "Erebus" and "Terror." On Thursday, 19th August 1852, at 11 a.m., I succEEDED in embarking upon my long-sought and long-cherished enterprise, in a whale boat equipped for a month, and manned by half"".a-dozen volunteers from Her ~ajesty's ship ''North Star,'' lying off Beechey Island. Although, it could not be otherwise than a source of the deepest regret to me, that the short season for boating operations in these regions was now fast drawing to a close, and with it the more sanguine hopes I had entertained of accomplishing the extended exploration I had con templated ere the long polar night set in, yet, even in this, the eleventh hcur, I was not without a hope of at least setting at rest one question relative to the search, viz. -
William Robert Hobson (1831-1880)
184 ARCTIC PROFILES William Robert Hobson (1 83 1- 1880) In April 1854Dr. John Rae heard from Inuitat Pelly Bay an of Tasmania. On that occasion Lady Jane tookgreat a interest in account of the lastfateful days of Franklin’s expedition, missing their young son, William. somewhere to the westfor a number ofyears. He also purchased William joined the Navyin 1845 and was promoted to mate in relics from the Inuit that could only have belongedto members 1852, in the interimserving aboard a numberof ships on fairly of Franklin’s party. When his report of his discovery reached routine duties. Early in 1853 he was appointed mate aboard England, Lady Jane Franklin mounted a private expedition, in Rattlesnake, which had been orderedto take supplies to Plover, part financed by public subscription, to search for relics of the waitingat Point Barrow, Alaska, in support ofMcClure’s expeditionon the site. Commander of theexpedition was Znvestigator and Collinson’sEnterprise. These latter ships had Captain Francis LeopoldMcClintock, who had alreadypartici- entered the Arctic via Bering Strait in 1850 to search for the pated in three arctic search expeditions, had wintered in the Franklin expedition from the west. Arctic four times, and had made some of the longest man-hauled Sailing from England in February 1853, Rattlesnake entered arctic sledge journeys to date. the Pacific via theStrait of Magellan and reachedPort Clarence, Alaska, just east of Nome, in August 1853. After her rendezvous with Plover, Rattlesnake settled there for the winter. In February, Hobson, with two seamen and ninedogs, set off on a sledge journey northward across the Seward Peninsula to Chamisso Island. -
Arctic Circular. Volume 7
A R C T I C C I R C U L A R Vol. 7 CONTENTS NO, l JANUARY 1954 Forty-seventh Heeting of the Arctic Circle l Editorial Note l Some features of the history of the Greenland Administration l Subscriptions for 1954 8 Change of Address 9 Numbers of the Circular published during 1953 9 Editorial Note 9 NO, 2 FEBRUARY 1954 Annual General 11eeting 10 Defence Research Board's 1953 Banks Island Expedition 11 Minister and Deputy Jilinister of the Department of Resources and Development 15 The Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources 15 The Northern Administration and Lands Branch 16 The Queen Elizabeth Islands 16 The Mint Julep Glaciological Project 19 Canadian Weatherfax System 20 Presentation of Coronation Hedals to Eskimo 21 Subscriptions for 1954 23 Change of Address 23 Editorial Note 23 NO, 3 MARCH 1954 Forty-ninth Heeting of the Arctic Circle 24 Special Heeting 24 Australia and the Antarctic 24 Activities of the Geological Survey of Canada in the Arctic Islands, 1947 - 1953 25 Police patrols to Axel Heiberg and Devon islands 34 Eskimo Bulletin 36 Antarctic publications 37 Subscriptions for 1954 38 Editorial Note 38 ii NO, 4 DECEt\ffiER 1954 Fiftieth Meeting of the Arctic Circle 39 Fifty-first Meeting of the Arctic Circle 39 Fifty-second Meeting of the Arctic Circle 39 Fifty-third Meeting of the Arctic Circle 39 Fifty-fourth 11eeting of the Arctic Circle 39 The wlf and predator control in the Canadian Arctic 40 Northern activities of the Geodetic Survey, 1954 50 New hostel at Chesterfield Inlet 52 Police patrols from Spence Bay and Cambridge Bay 53 Army exercises in the north, 1953-4 54 The Arctic Circular 55 Subscriptions for 1955 55 Editorial Note 55 THE ARCTIC CIRCULAR VOL.VII N0.1 Published by The Arctic Circle JAN, 1954 Ottawa, Ontario Forty-seventh Meeting of the Arctic Circle The forty-seventh meeting of the Arctic Circle was held in the 1st Corps Troops R.C.A.S.C, Mess, 278 Sparks Street, on Wednesday December 2.