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Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy Reproductive Physiology Female Anatomy John Parrish, Professor, UW-Madison Learning Objectives Equine - Horse • To be able to describe the female Male Stallion Female Mare reproductive system in cattle. »Structure »Function Updated:9/6/17 Bovine - Cattle Ovine - Sheep Male Bull Female Cow Male Ram Female Ewe Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Avian - Chicken Porcine - Swine - Pig Male Rooster Female Hen Male Boar Female Sow Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterine Horn Rectum Ovary Ovary Uterus Oviduct Vulva Oviduct Ovary Cervix Bladder Vagina Pelvis Vagina Bladder Cervix Oviduct Urethra Broad Vulva Ligamen Clitoris t Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Broad Broad Ligament Ligament • Mesometrium » Supports Uterus • Mesosalpinx • connective tissue » Supports Oviduct sheet which • Mesovarium supports and » Supports Ovary suspends the reproductive tract BL - Broad Ligament UH - Uterine Horn O - Ovary OD - Oviduct Updated:9/6/17 Ovary Ovary - Primary Sex Organ Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte • Functions »Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone »Female gamete • Oocyte Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum Progesterone Progesterone Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ovary (ovulation) Primary follicle Germinal Egg nest Epithelium Cortex 85% of Ovarian Tertiary Cancers follicle Medulla Atretic follicle Secondary Tunica follicle Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Hilus } Corpus Corpus luteum Corpus albicans hemorrhagicum Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle Tertiary Tertiary follicle follicle Atretic follicle Atretic follicle Secondary Secondary follicle follicle Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Corpus Corpus luteum Corpus albicans hemorrhagicum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Follicle Cells Primary follicle (ovulation) Primordial Follicle Nucleus • Flattened cells surround oocyte Tertiary follicle Primary Follicle Ooplasma Increase in size of oocyte and • Follicular Cells height of follicular cells Atretic follicle Secondary follicle Oocyte Secondary • Surrounded by several follicle layers of follicular cells Tertiary follicle • Fluid filled cavity Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum • Differentiation of cell layers hemorrhagicum Antrum Updated:9/6/17 in the follicle wall Tertiary Follicle Tertiary Follicle Theca Externa Theca Interna Antrum (Follicular Fluid) Theca Interna Granulosa Basement Membrane Oocyte Cumulus Granulosa Oophorus Oocyte Antrum Updated:9/6/17 Cumulus Oophorus Updated:9/6/17 Follicular Blood Supply Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Theca interna cells Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Serosa Capillary Follicular network fluid Submucosa Lumen Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Circular smooth Mucosa muscle layer Muscularis Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Uterine Horn Functions of Oviduct Isthmus • Gamete Transport Utero-Tubal Junction »Sperm Oviduct »Oocyte Ampullary-Isthmic Junction • Supports early Ampulla embryo development Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) • Transport of embryo Ostium to uterus Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria Ovary Follicle Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Oviduct Oviduct Oviduct Histology Functions of the Uterus • Muscle contractions Mucosa » Transport sperm •Ciliated Columnar » Expel fetus and placenta •Nonciliated Columnar • Absorption and phagocytosis • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization » capacitation • Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth • Hormone production » Prostaglandin F2a production Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Uterus (bovine) horn Uterus • Bicornuate body » poorly to moderately developed uterine horns cervix » uterine body » one cervix Updated:9/6/17 Uterine Histology Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrium Endometrial Endometrium Gland Submucosa Myometrium Endometrial Perimetrium Perimetrium Myometrium Updated:9/6/17 Glands Updated:9/6/17 Functions of the Cervix Uterine Body COW • Cervix is Internal Cervical Os • Transport of sperm composed of thick connective tissue • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) • Mucus is secreted • Reservoir for sperm near the time of Cervix breeding and • Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy Cow has 4-5 ovulation. • Birth canal annular rings External Cervical Os Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Vagina External Cervical Os Functions of the Vagina Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix Copulatory organ • Fornix • Glands secrete lubrication Vulva- • Birth canal Vaginal Sphincter Stratified • Glands secrete pheromones Columnar Squamous Epithelium Urethra Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa Submucosa Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 Posterior Vaginal Histology Function of External Genitalia • Labia »Closes entrance to vagina Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Clitoris »Female sensory organ Mucosa Submucosa Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17 External Genitalia of the Cow Phenomena For Fertility • vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth Anus • female bedbug - no vagina Vulva • hysterectomy - if woman went to long Labia without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses Clitoris • hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false Labia scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male Updated:9/6/17 Updated:9/6/17.
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