University of Leeds Classification of Books Chinese

[A General] A-0.01 Periodicals A-0.02 Series A-0.03 Collections of essays, Festschriften, etc. A-0.04 Collections (cong-shu) A-0.06 Civilisation A-0.11 Sinology: sinologists A-0.13 Directories A-0.14 Chinese yearbooks (national) A-0.15 English yearbooks (national) A-0.16 Yearbooks (Taiwan) A-0.17 Yearbooks (regional) A-0.24 Names (personal and place)

A-1 General encyclopaedias A-1.8 Encyclopaedic dictionaries - handbooks of general knowledge A-1.85 Trad general ‘Iei shu’

A-2 Catalogues (including library catalogues) A-2.8 Indexes and indexing

A-3 Bibliography A-3.01 Bibliographies of periodicals A-3.1 General and national bibliographies A-3.2 Classification & subject division A-3.3 History of printing and book-making A-3.31 Conservation A-3.4 Publishing and journalism A-3.5 Censorship A-3.6 Book rarities: book collectors A-3.7 Lists, abstracts etc. of dissertations

A-4 Libraries A-4.2 Librarianship A-4.5 Museums A-4.7 Other institutions

A-5 Manuscripts

A-6 Catalogues of periodicals

A-7 Textual criticism, e.g. of older Chinese texts A-9 Miscellaneous notes (sui-bi) A-9.1 Pre-Qing A-9.4 Qing A-9.6 Republic (1911-1949) A-9.7 Modern (1949- )

[B History] B-0.00 General B-0.01 Periodicals B-0.02 Series B-0.03 Collections of essays, Festschriften etc. B-0.04 Bibliographies and documents B-0.05 Study; historiography B-0.06 Constitutional and social history B-0.07 Historical geography B-0.09 Chronology and chronological tables B-0.1 Chinese calendars B-0.11 Military history B-0.12 Foreign relations – Divided geographically B-0.19 Encyclopaedias B-0.8 History of countries other than – Divided geographically B-0.9 Chinese local history

B-1 Ancient history (to 255 B.C.) (including prehistoric archaeology) B-1.1 Semi-mythical (2637-2205 B.C.) B-1.3 Xia (2205-1766 B.C.) B-1.5 Shang (Yin) (1766-1122 B.C.) B-1.7 Zhou (1122-255 B.C.) B-1.8 Qin (dynasty)

B-2.2 Han (206 B.C. - 220 A.D.) B-2.3 Former Han (206 B.C. - 24 A.D.) B-2.4 Han (A.D. 25-220) B-2.5 The (221-265)

B-3 Jin and Northern and Southern Kingdoms (265-580) B-3.1 Jin (265-419) B-3.3 Northern and Southern (420-580) B-3.5 Sui dynasty (581-618)

B-4 Tang and Five Dynasties (618-960) B-4.1 Tang (618-906) B-4.4 Five Dynasties (907-960)

B-5 Sung & Yuan periods (960-1368) B-5.1 Sung (960-1279) B-5.3 Chin B-5.5 Yuan (1279-1368)

B-6 Ming (1368-1644) B-6.06 Social history B-6.5 Mid-Ming B-6.9 Late Ming

B-7 Qing (Manchu) Dynasty 1644-1911 B-7.03 Collected essays about the Qing dynasty B-7.04 Bibliographies and documents B-7.06 Social history B-7.012 Foreign relations – Divided geographically B-7.1 Early period 1644-1722 2

B-7.11-2 The Manchus before their entry into China B-7.13 Shunzhi 1644-1661 B-7.15 Kangxi 1662-1722 B-7.17 Annexation of Taiwan 1683 B-7.2 Middle period 1723-1820 B-7.22 Yongzheng 1723-1735 B-7.25 Qianlong 1736-1795 B-7.28 Jiaqing 1796-1820 B-7.3 Late period 1821-1911 B-7.35 Daoguang 1821-1850 B-7.41 Opium war 1840-1842 B-7.42 Xianfeng 1850-1860 B-7.43 Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 B-7.45 Tongzhi 1861-1874 B-7.47 Internal reform B-7.5 Guangxu 1875-1907 B-7.56 Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 B-7.58 Reform movement 1898 B-7.6 Boxer rising 1900 B-7.65 Movement for constitutional government B-7.8 Xuantong 1908-1911

B-7.9 Revolution 1911

B-8 Republic 1912-1949 B-8.012 Foreign relations (divide by country) B-8.04 Bibliographies and documents B-8.06 Constitutional and social history

B-8.2 Nationalist Revolution 1912-1928 B-8.23 Leadership and ideology B-8.25 Civil wars and politics B-8.27 Sun Yat-sen period 1912-1913 B-8.31 Yuan Shigai period 1913-1916 B-8.32 Li Yuanhong period 1916-1917 B-8.33 Feng Guozhang period 1917 B-8.35 Xu Shichang period 1918-1922 B-8.38 Warlord wars and division between North & South 1917-1925

B-8.4 Struggle for power between Guomindang and Communists 1927-1948 B-8.5 Guomindang 1928-1937 B-8.6 National government 1928-1937 B-8.65 Local government 1928-1937 B-8.66 Long March B-8.7 Chinese-Japanese conflict 1931-1937 B-8.8 Japanese invasion and War of National Resistance 1937-1945 B-8.9 After the War 1945-1949

B-9 1949- B-9.012 Foreign relations B-9.1 1967- (10th party congress) B-9.2 1974- (anti-Confucius) B-9.3 1981-

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[C Biography] C-0 General C-0.03 Collections of biographies C-0.07 Chinese genealogy and heraldry C-0.09 Biographies of foreigners C-0.19 Biographical dictionaries C-1 to C-9 Biographies of historical personages of various periods

[D Geography] D-0 General D-0.01 Periodicals D-0.02 Series D-0.03 Collections of essays, Festschriften etc. D-0.04 Bibliography & reference works D-0.05 Study and teaching D-0.06 History of study D-0.1 General textbooks D-0.19 Gazetteers D-1 Cartography D-2 Meteorology (climate) D-3 Oceanography D-4 Ethnology D-5 History of geography, historical geography and exploration D-6 Physical and regional geography D-7 Travel and description; topography D-8 Human and economic geography D-9 Political geography D-10 Xian (Shi) Local histories post 1949 D-11 Post 1949 Sheng, Tong zhi

D-1 to D-9 divided geographically, with the following special additions for 4.8 China: D-4.7 Eastern Asia D-4.8 China D-4.81 North China D-4.811 Hebei D-4.812 Beijing D-4.813 Tianjin D-4.814 Shandong D-4.815 D-4.816 Shanxi D-4.817 Shaanxi D-4.818 Gansu D-4.819 Ningxia D-4.82 Central China D-4.821 Sichuan D-4.8211 Chongqing D-4.822 D-4.8221 D-4.823 Hunan D-4.825 Jiangxi D-4.826 D-4.828 D-4.8281 Nanking D-4.8282 Shanghai 4

D-4.829 D-4.8291 Hangchow D-4.83 South China D-4.831 Fujian D-4.832 Amoy D-4.833 Guangdong D-4.834 Canton D-4.835 Hainan D-4.836 Guangxi D-4.837 South West D-4.838 Guizhou D-4.839 Yunnan D-4.84 Leased and ceded territories D-4.841 Hong Kong (Xianggang) & Kowloon D-4.845 Macao (Aomen) D-4.850 Mongolia (Inner and Outer) D-4.851 Inner Mongolia D-4.852 Western regions D-4.854 Tsinghai D-4.855 Xinjiang D-4.856 North West China D-4.857 Chando D-4.86 Tibet D-4.87 Outer Mongolia (Turkestan) D-4.88 Korea D-4.89 Manchuria D-4.891 Liaoning D-4.892 Je-ho D-4.893 Mukden [Shenyang] D-4.895 Kirin D-4.897 Heilongjiang [Changchun] [Harbin] D-4.9 Islands off East Asia (inc. Japan) D-4.99 Taiwan

D-5 South East Asia D-5.1 Burma D-5.2 French Indo-Chinese region D-5.3 Thailand D-5.4 Malay Peninsula D-5.5 Indonesia

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[E Social sciences] E-0 General E-0.19 Encyclopaedias and dictionaries

E-3 Overseas Chinese

E-8 Demography and population; census E-8.02 Series E-8.1 Theories E-8.2 History of theory E-8.3 Demography (scientific aspects) E-8.31 Methods E-8.32 Fecundity and sterility E-8.34 Births E-8.36 Deaths E-8.38 Epidemiology E-8.4 Population polity E-8.6 Migration – Divided geographically E-8.7 Eugenics E-9 Population of different countries (or regions of China e.g. minorities) E-9.1 - E-9.9 Divided geographically

[F Anthropology] F-0 Anthropology: Physical anthropology F-2 General ethnology F-3 Ethnography of China except for northern tribes F-3.1 Hakkas F-4 Ethnography of northern tribes Altaic and others F-5 Ethnography of Taiwan and South East Asia F-6 Folklore, manners and customs F-7 Popular literature, folksongs, proverbs, riddles, etc. F-8 Popular religion and mythology including non-Christian tracts F-9 Occultism (divination, astrology, physiognomy, geomancy etc.)

[G Sociology] G-0 General G-1 Social groups and institutions – Divided geographically G-1.2 Social groups G-1.3 Classes G-1.31 Gentry G-1.4 Youth & student movement G-1.45 Sexual manuals etc. G-1.5 Marriage and family G-1.6 Woman G-1.7 Urban sociology G-1.8 Rural sociology - peasants - landlords G-1.9 Intellectuals

G-2 Race relations - minorities – Divided geographically G-3 Social institutions: societies G-3.1 Economic structure (industrialism) G-3.3 Law, police, fire G-3.5 Religion

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G-5 Social surveys – Divided geographically

G-6 Social pathology; social problems – Divided geographically G-6.2 Poverty G-6.3 Housing G-6.5 Old age G-6.8 Disabled

G-7 Criminology G-7.5 Penology

G-8 Social administration – Divided geographically G-8.1 Social work G-8.2 Charity organization and case work G-8.3 Historical studies G-8.4 Poor law G-8.5 Welfare legislation G-8.6 Insurance

G-9 Social services - medication G-9.1 Specialised services; voluntary services G-9.3 Children's services G-9.5 Health services G-10 Environmental G-12 Mass media see also M-73

[H Politics] H-0 General H-0.01 Periodicals H-0.02 Series H-0.03 Collections H-0.04 Bibliography H-0.05 Study and teaching H-0.07 Politics in relation to other sciences H-0.19 Encyclopaedias and dictionaries H-0.2 General texts H-1 Forms of government, the state H-1.1 Nationalism H-1.2 The state H-1.21 Sovereignty H-1.23 Federalism H-1.5 Revolutions H-1.6 Democracy (including San-min chu-i) H-1.61 New Democracy H-1.63 Socialism H-1.65 Communism H-1.651 Cadre training (discipline) H-1.652 Thought reform H-1.653 Application of Mao's works H-1.654 New intellectuals' re-education H-1.655 Recruitment H-1.656 Anti Confucius campaign H-1.657 Bibliographies etc. of Mao's works H-1.658 Model workers etc. 7

H-1.66 Dengism, etc. thought after 1978- H-1.7 Dictatorship H-1.8 The state and the individual H-1.9 Freedom, anarchism

H-2 Political institutions H-2.2 Constitutions H-2.3 Central government H-2.31 Legislative bodies H-2.33 Second chambers H-2.34 Administration of justice H-2.35 Citizenship H-2.36 Suffrage and election H-2.37 Representation H-2.39 Administrative law H-2.6 Political parties H-2.8 Local government

H-3 China: political institutions H-3.2 Constitutions H-3.3 Central government H-3.31 Legislative bodies H-3.34 Administration of justice H-3.35 Citizenship H-3.36 Suffrage and election H-3.37 Representation H-3.38 Civil service: Bureaucratic forms (modern) H-3.39 Administrative law H-3.6 Political parties H-3.65 Communist Party H-3.651 History H-3.654 Constitution H-3.657 Local parties H-3.67 Nationalist Party (Guomindang) H-3.69 Other parties H-3.7 Mass movements H-3.8 Local government

H-4 Historical surveys of political institutions H-4.03 Political thought (historical) H-4.1 Comprehensive surveys of political institutions (Shitong, lidai zhiguan biao) H-4.2 Institutions and bureaucracy of individual dynasties H-4.3 Ceremonies and ritual H-4.4 Collections of edicts H-4.5 Collections of memorials H-4.6 Selection systems H-4.8 Local administration H-4.9 Political parties (including secret societies)

H-5 Modern public administration H-5.2 Organization and methods H-5.3 Public relations 8

H-8 International relations H-8.02 Series H-8.03 Collections H-8.04 Bibliography H-8.09 International bodies H-8.1 - H-8.9 Local studies – Divided geographically

[I Economics] I-0 General I-0.01 Periodicals I-0.02 Series I-0.03 Collections I-0.04 Bibliography I-0.19 Dictionaries, encyclopaedias etc. I-0.1 General texts I-0.6 Economics theory I-0.7 Weights and measures I-0.9 Economic statistics

I-1 Economic history

I-2 Land and agriculture & land reform I-2.1 Farm and farmstead; Jun tian system I-2.2 Plant injuries, diseases, pests I-2.3 Field crops I-2.4 Fruit culture and forestry I-2.5 Garden crops I-2.6 Livestock and domestic animals I-2.7 Dairy industry I-2.8 Useful invertebrates I-2.9 Hunting and fishing industries I-2.91 Handicrafts

I-3 Industry and mining Daqing I-3.01 Theories of production economics I-3.02 Agricultural economics (buying, selling, distribution) I-3.03 Other primary industries I-3.04 Secondary industries I-3.05 Prices and production: marketing I-3.06 Systems of production I-3.07 Organization of production - management I-3.08 Large-scale production and combination (& communes) I-3.09 Economic planning I-3.1 Water industry

I-3.101 - I-3.99 Particular industries (except transport, agriculture, fisheries, rural industries) I-3.107 Journalism I-3.1387 Shipping I-3.2 Engineering I-3.213 Electrical engineering I-3.22 Mining I-3.28 Lighting I-3.2911 Motor cars 9

I-3.41 Food I-3.48 Laundry I-3.58 Retail trade I-3.6 Chemicals (pharmaceuticals) I-3.634 Brewing I-3.644 Salt I-3.65 Oil: fuel & derivatives I-3.66 Ceramics & glass I-3.667 Brickmaking I-3.684 Essential oils I-3.69 Metallurgy I-3.72 Hardware I-3.74 Wood I-3.75 Leather I-3.77 Textiles I-3.771 Linen I-3.772 Cotton I-3.773 Wool I-3.774 Silk I-3.775 Man-made fibres I-3.78 Rubber I-3.797 Tobacco/opium I-3.87 Clothing I-3.9 Building I-3.99 Miscellaneous

I-4 Trade and commerce I-4.1 Customs and excise I-5 Transport and communication (including postal communication) I-5.1 History I-5.2 Roads I-5.3 Tourism I-5.4 Telecomunication, post I-5.5 Railways I-5.7 Aviation I-5.8 Water

I-6 Labour economics I-6.01 Philosophical aspects of labour I-6.06 Labour laws and regulations I-6.1 Industrial relations (labour-management relations, trade unions) I-6.2 Wages and earnings I-6.3 Labour by critical age groups I-6.4 Employed women I-6.5 Compulsory labour; forced labour I-6.59 Work by physically handicapped I-6.6 Labour of minority and other special groups I-6.7 Economics aspects of specific occupations professions I-6.8 Industrial sociology I-6.9 Other labour problems & training of workers & managers

I-7 Banking, currency, public finance I-7.0 General I-7.06 Historical 10

I-7.1 Prices I-7.2 Credit and banking (general) I-7.21 Postal banks I-7.22 Federal reserve system I-7.23 Central banks I-7.26 History I-7.28 Special credit and banking activities building societies etc. I-7.291 - I-7.299 Divide geographically I-7.3 Money, currency I-7.30 General I-7.31 Money and prices I-7.32 Bimetallism I-7.33 Gold and silver I-7.34 Paper I-7.36 History I-7.37 Accountancy [- also social accounting] I-7.38 Insurance

I-7.4 Exchange

I-7.5 Stock exchange (shares, investments etc.)

I-7.6 Corporation finances (i.e. company finance) I-7.65 Small-scale business enterprise I-7.7 Public finance I-7.701 General I-7.703 Collected essays I-7.706 History (divide by period) I-7.73 Taxation (general) I-7.736 Taxation (historical) I-7.75 Income tax I-7.77 State industries I-7.78 Local government finance I-7.8 Industrial fluctuations I-7.9 Investment & individual household investment

I-8 Public works, public monopolies I-8.1 Water conservancy

I-9 International trade I-9.10 Chinese trade with foreign countries (general) I-9.11 Britain I-9.149 Japan I-9.173 U.S.A.

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[J Law] J-0 General

J-1 Ancient law (non-current) J-1.04 Essays on legal history

J-2 Codes (lu)

J-3 Cases

J-4 Modern law J-4.019 Dictionaries of modern law & procedure J-4.03 Administrative law J-4.05 Air law J-4.07 Associations J-4.09 Bankruptcy J-4.1 Civil law J-4.12 Capacity J-4.15 Commercial law; Economic legislation J-4.17 Company law J-4.19 Conflict of laws: foreigners and Chinese law J-4.21 Constitutional law J-4.23 Contract J-4.25 Courts (legal profession procedure) J-4.27 Criminal law J-4.3 Damages J-4.33 Ecclesiastical law J-4.36 Equity J-4.39 Evidence J-4.42 Execution J-4.45 Family law – marriage law J-4.48 Forensic medicine J-4.51 Industrial law & patent copyright etc. J-4.54 Insurance J-4.57 Interpretation J-4.6 Land law & pollution law, etc. J-4.63 Legal aid J-4.66 Limitation J-4.69 Local government (& minority area legal system) J-4.72 Master and servant J-4.75 Military law J-4.78 Partnership J-4.81 Personal property: public property J-4.84 Planning law J-4.877 Police J-4.9 Practice J-4.92 Succession, inheritance J-4.94 Tax law J-4.96 Torts J-4.97 Trials J-4.98 Communications and postal regulations

J-5 Government reports

12

J-6 Codes

J-7 Cases

J-8 International law J-8.1 Textbooks J-8.2 Conciliation J-8.3 International organizations J-8.32 League of Nations J-8.34 United Nations J-8.5 Sovereignty & citizenship J-8.6 War J-8.7 Documents J-8.8 Cases

[K Education] K-0 General K-0.1 Philosophy of education

K-1 History of educational systems in China K-2 Modern Chinese education K-2.9 Overseas Chinese education; also liu xue

K-3 Theory of education

K-4 Institutions K-4.1 Primary K-4.5 Secondary K-4.7 Technical education: Higher education K-4.8 Universities K-4.9 Adult education, adult literacy

K-5 Teachers

K-6 Textbooks, Curriculum K-6.5 Letter-writers

K-7 Examination systems

K-8 Education for the masses: compulsory education

K-9 Vocational education

K-10 Education & education reform 1978-

K-12 Education by region

K-20 Psychology

K-40 Foreign education

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[L Philosophy and religion] L-0.01 Periodicals L-0.03 General collections L-0.04 Bibliography L-0.06 History L-0.061 Pre Han (before 206 A.D.) L-0.062 Han (206-220) L-0.063 Jin and Northern Southern Kingdom (265-580) L-0.064 Sui (581-618) L-0.065 Dang and Five Dynasties (619-960) L-0.066 Sung (960-1279) L-0.067 Yuan, Ming (1279-1643) L-0.068 Qing (1644-1912) L-0.069 Modern

L-0.19 Dictionaries and encyclopaedias

L-0.2 General theory

L-1 Chinese classics: general collected works L-1.1 I-ching L-1.2 Shu jing L-1.3 Shi jing L-1.35 San li (general) L-1.4 Zhou li L-1.45 I-li L-1.47 Li ji L-1.5 Qun qiu L-1.53 Zuo zhuan L-1.55 Gong yang zhuan L-1.57 Gu liang zhuan L-1.6 Xiao jing L-1.7 Si shu L-1.73 Da xue L-1.75 Zhong yong L-1.8 Lun yu L-1.9 Meng

L-2 Schools (General) L-2.1 L-2.3 L-2.5 Mohism L-2.7 Lealism L-2.9 Other schools

[L-3 Individual philosophers] [L-3.1 Ancient to 205 A.D.] L-3.11 Zhuang zi L-3.12 Han fei zi L-3.122 Xun zi L-3.123 Hui Shi L-3.13 Guan zi L-3.1308 Guan yin zi L-3.1309 Guei gu zi 14

L-3.131 Gong sun long L-3.132 Gong zi L-3.14 Laozi L-3.142 Lie zi L-3.143 Lü Buwei L-3.15 Meng-tzu L-3.152 -tzu L-3.153 Shang-tzu L-3.16 Shen-tzu L-3.165 Sun Wu L-3.17 Tseng-tzu L-3.171 Tzu-hua-tzu L-3.172 Tzu-ssu-tzu L-3.18 Yang Chu L-3.185 Yen-tzu (i.e. Yen Ying) L-3.186 Yen-tzu (i.e. Yen Hui) L-3.187 Yü-tzu

L-3.19 Other ancient philosophers (to 205 A.D.)

[L-3.2 Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms 206-264 A.D.] L-3.21 Zhen Xuan L-3.212 Jia Yi L-3.214 Xu Gan L-3.22 Xun Yue L-3.23 Liu An (i.e. Huai-nan-tzu) L-3.24 Liu Xiang L-3.242 Liu Xie L-3.25 Lu Jia L-3.26 Ma Yong L-3.27 Dong Zhongshu L-3.28 Wang Chong L-3.282 Wang L-3.285 Yang Xiung

L-3.29 Other contemporary philosophers

[L-3.3 Chin Dynasty to Sui Dynasty 265-617 A.D.] L-3.32 Fu Yuan L-3.34 Ko Hong L-3.36 Liu Shao L-3.38 Wang Tung L-3.39 Other contemporary philosophers

[L-3.4 T'ang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties 618-959 A.D.] L-3.41 Han Yü L-3.43 Li Ao L-3.45 Lin Shensi L-3.46 Sun Simiao L-3.48 Tan Jiao L-3.49 Other contemporary philosophers

[L-3.5 Sung Dynasty 960-1278 A.D.]

15

L-3.5 Neo Confucianist thought generally Zhang Shi L-3.51 Zhang Cai L-3.511 Chen Shun L-3.512 Chen Dexiu L-3.513 L-3.514 L-3.515 L-3.516 L-3.517 Xiang Anshi L-3.52 Xie Liangzuo L-3.525 Hu Hong L-3.527 Huang Kan L-3.53 Li Dong L-3.532 Lo Zongyan L-3.534 L-3.536 Lu Tsu-ch'ien L-3.537 Shao Bowen L-3.55 Shao Yong L-3.56 Cai Chen L-3.562 Cai Yuanding L-3.564 Wang Kaizi L-3.565 Wei Liaoweng L-3.566 Yang Jian L-3.57 Yang Shi L-3.58 Xie L-3.585 Yuan Xie L-3.589 Other contemporary philosophers

[L-3.6 Yuan Dynasty 1279-1367 A.D.] L-3.61 Cheng Duanli L-3.63 Zheng Yu L-3.66 Liu Yin L-3.67 Xu Heng L-3.68 Wu Cheng L-3.69 Other contemporary philosophers

[L-3.7 Ming Dynasty 1368-1643 A.D.] L-3.71 Zhan Ruoshui L-3.712 Chen Xianzhang L-3.714 Zhu Shunshui L-3.72 Xue Xuan L-3.724 Hu Juren L-3.73 Gu Xiancheng L-3.742 Liu Ji L-3.744 Liu Zongzhou L-3.746 Lo Qinshun L-3.748 Lu Shiyi L-3.75 Sun Qifang L-3.762 Wang Gen L-3.764 Wang Shouren L-3.77 Wu Yubi L-3.79 Other contemporary philosophers

16

[L-3.8 Qing Dynasty 1644-1910 A.D.] L-3.81 Zhang Boxing L-3.82 Fang Dongshu L-3.83 L-3.84 Kang Yuwei L-3.841 Gu Yenwu L-3.8411 Li Gong L-3.8412 Li Yong L-3.842 Liang Qichao L-3.843 Lo Zenan L-3.85 Lu Longqi L-3.855 Lu Shiyi L-3.86 Dai Zhen L-3.87 Tan Sitong L-3.875 Tang Bin L-3.878 Wang Fuzhi L-3.88 Yan Yuan L-3.89 Other contemporary philosophers

[L-3.9 Modern period 1911- ] L-3.91 Zhang Binglin L-3.92 Feng Yulan L-3.925 Xiung Shili L-3.93 Hu Shi L-3.94 Lian Shuming L-3.95 Liao Ping L-3.96 Liu Guanghan L-3.99 Other contemporary philosophers

L-4 Logic L-4.1 General treaties L-4.2 Special topics L-4.3 Treatise on Chinese logicians

L-5 Metaphysics

L-5.5 Ethics

L-5.6 Modern philosophical thought

L-6 Materialism; Marxism

L-9 Idealism

L-10 Psychology

[L-6 Religion] L-6 General L-6.1 Philosophy of religion L-6.11 Sociology of religion L-6.12 Religion and science L-6.2 World religions

L-6.3 History of religion 17

L-6.4 History of religion in China L-6.5 Before Han (before 206) L-6.52 Hen to Sui (206-618) L-6.55 Tang to Song (619-1278) L-6.6 Yuan to Ming (1279-1643) L-6.7 Qing to Modern (1644-)

L-6.75 Chinese state cults L-6.8 Mythology, legends L-6.9 Magic, mysteries, fortune-telling

L-7 Confucianism L-7.01 Periodicals L-7.04 Bibliography L-7.05 Biography L-7.06 History L-7.1 Sacred books L-7.2 Organizations and institutions L-7.21 Sects L-7.3 Worship L-7.31 Rituals and practices L-7.4 Temples

L-7.5 Taoism L-7.51 Periodicals L-7.54 Bibliography L-7.55 Biography L-7.56 History L-7.6 Sacred books L-7.62 Canons L-7.63 Commentaries L-7.65 Apologetics L-7.7 Organizations and institutions L-7.71 Sects L-7.8 Worship L-7.81 Rituals and practices L-7.9 Temples and monasteries L-7.91 Art

L-8 Buddhism L-8.01 Periodicals L-8.03 Collections L-8.04 Bibliography L-8.05 Biography L-8.06 History L-8.09 Dictionaries and encyclopaedias L-8.1 Theory and criticism L-8.2 Prayers and prayer book collections (sacred books) L-8.3 Canons L-8.4 Commentaries L-8.5 Apologetics L-8.6 Organizations and institutions L-8.7 Sects L-8.75 Worship 18

L-8.8 Temples and monasteries L-8.9 Buddhist art

L-9 Christianity L-9.0 General and reference L-9.01 Periodicals L-9.04 Bibliography L-9.05 Biography L-9.06 History L-9.1 Bible and stories from the Bible L-9.11 Old Testament and stories from O.T. L-9.12 New Testament and stories from N.T. L-9.2 Sects L-9.21 Roman Catholic L-9.22 Protestant L-9.23 Angelican L-9.24 Episcopal L-9.25 Methodist L-9.26 Presbyterian L-9.27 Baptist L-9.29 Others L-9.3 Doctrinal theology L-9.31 Prayers and hymns L-9.32 Canons L-9.33 Commentaries L-9.34 Apologetics L-9.35 Church organizations, associations and institutions L-9.36 Worship L-9.37 Rituals and practices L-9.38 Monasteries and orders L-9.4 Missionary works L-9.41 Christian art

L-9.5 Islam L-9.51 Periodicals L-9.54 Bibliography L-9.55 Biography L-9.56 History L-9.6 Sacred books L-9.7 Organization and institutions L-9.71 Sects L-9.8 Worship L-9.81 Rituals and practices L-9.9 Temples and monasteries L-9.91 Islamic art

L-9.6 Other religions L-9.7 Hinduism L-9.8 Parseeism L-9.9 Judaism

[M Art and antiquities] M-0 General M-0.01 Periodicals 19

M-0.04 Bibliography M-0.05 Aesthetics M-0.08 Catalogues M-0.19 Dictionaries

M-1 Archaeology M-1.01 Periodicals M-1.08 Catalogues of archaeology M-1.1 General archaeology M-1.55 Reference works, general treatises, histories and biographical works M-1.57 Archaeology of particular period (Divide chronologically as B) M-1.59 Archaeology of particular sites: M-1.59 Hebei M-1.60 Shandong M-1.61 Henan M-1.62 Shanxi M-1.63 Shaanxi M-1.64 Gansu M-1.65 Sichuan M-1.66 Hubei M-1.67 Hunan M-1.68 Jiangxi M-1.69 Anhui M-1.70 Jiangsu M-1.71 Zhejiang M-1.72 Fujian, including Taiwan M-1.73 Guangdong M-1.74 Guangxi M-1.75 Guizhou M-1.76 Yunnan M-1.77 Manchuria (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang) M-1.78 Inner and Outer Mongolia M-1.79 Tibet, Hsikang, Qinghai M-1.80 Xinjiang M-1.82 Description of artefacts (catalogues, reproductions, epigraphy) M-1.85 Bone M-1.88 Metal M-1.91 Numismatics (archaeology) M-1.92 Mirrors, weapons, weights and tallies M-1.96 Jade (archaeology) M-1.97 Terracotta (tiles, grave figures, seals) M-1.99 Bamboo and wood M-3 Biography and works of artists

M-10 Fine art M-11 Drawing M-12 Painting M-13 Calligraphy M-14 Poster art, great character posters etc. cartoons (satire) M-15 Engraving M-16 Illustrations: illustrators [& historical] M-18 Design: pattern M-19 Handicraft (& historical) 20

M-20 Sculpture M-25 Jewels and metalwork M-26 Plate M-27 Pewter M-28 Base metal work M-29 Bronze M-30 Enamelling M-31 Lacquer M-33 Woodwork: also wood-cuts M-34 Paperwork M-35 Gems M-36 Jade M-37 Ivories M-38 Numismatics: postage stamps M-38.1 Seals M-38.2 Coins M-40 Glassware M-41 Ceramics M-45 Needlework, textiles M-47 Costume

M-50 Architecture M-55 Interior decoration M-58 Landscape gardening

M-60 Theatre M-60.1 Direction (production) of plays M-60.5 Acting M-64 Elocution M-65 Oratory M-66 Photography M-67 Film M-68 Acting M-69 Direction, production

M-70 Music M-72 Operas M-72.5 Acting (plays, traditional opera) M-73 The Media: broadcasting M-75 Dance M-76 'Variety' incl. puppet theatre, xiang sheng

M-80 Games, hobbies, amusements etc. M-81 Board games M-82 Chess M-83 Dice M-84 Dominoes M-85 Card games M-86 Puzzles M-87 Literary games

M-90 Athletic sports M-91 Physical training M-92 Basketball 21

M-93 Football M-94 Chinese boxing M-95 Racing M-96 Table tennis M-97 Volleyball M-99 Other sports

[N Science and technology] N-0 General N-0.03 Collections N-0.04 Bibliography N-0.06 History N-0.19 Encyclopaedias and dictionaries

N-1 Mathematics N-1.1 Arithmetic N-1.2 Algebra N-1.3 Geometry N-1.4 Trigonometry

N-2 Astronomy N-2.1 Theoretical astronomy N-2.2 Practical and spherical N-2.3 Descriptive and astrophysics N-2.4 Meteorology N-2.5 Earth N-2.6 Mathematical geography N-2.7 Celestial navigation N-2.8 Ephemerides N-2.9 Chronology (see B-0.09)

N-3 Physics N-3.1 Mechanics of solids N-3.2 Mechanics of fluids N-3.3 Mechanics of gases N-3.4 Sound N-3.5 Optics N-3.6 Heat N-3.7 Electricity and electronics N-3.8 Magnetism N-3.9 Modern

N-4 Chemistry N-4.1 Physical and theoretical N-4.2 Chemical laboratories N-4.3 Analytic chemistry N-4.6 Inorganic chemistry N-4.7 Organic chemistry N-4.8 Crystallography N-4.9 Mineralogy

N-5 Geology N-5.3 Economic geology

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N-6 Palaeontology

N-7 Biology - Environment N-8 Botany N-9 Zoology

N-10 Technology

N-11 Medicine (modern) N-12 Anatomy N-13 Physiology N-14 Hygiene N-15 Public aspects N-16 Therapeutics and pharmacology N-17 Surgery N-18 Psychology N-19 Chinese medicine (traditional) N-19.1 Acupuncture etc. N-19.5 History of Chinese medicine

N-20 Engineering N-21 Mechanical engineering N-22 Mining and mining engineering N-23 Military and naval engineering N-24 Civil engineering N-25 Railroad and road engineering N-27 Hydraulic engineering N-28 Sanitary and municipal N-29 Other branches

N-30 Agriculture N-30.1 Mechanization N-31 Farm and farmstead N-32 Plant injuries, diseases, pests N-33 Field crops N-34 Fruit culture and forestry N-35 Garden crops N-36 Livestock and domestic animals N-37 Dairy industry N-38 Useful invertebrates N-39 Hunting and fishing industries

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N-40 Home economics N-41 Food N-42 Dining and food service & preparation N-43 Home planning N-44 Home utilities N-45 Home furnishing N-46 Clothing and personal appearance N-47 Household management N-48 Household sanitation N-49 Child care and home nursing

N-60 Metallurgy

N-90 Building construction

N-95 Computers [as used in handling Chinese characters etc.] Information science

[P Language] P-0.02 Series P-0.03 Collections P-0.04 Bibliography P-0.191 Lexicography: general; dictionaries of the Ming period, including zidian P-0.192 Dictionaries 1911-1949 P-0.193 Dictionaries after 1949 P-0.194 Special subject dictionaries (of literary allusion, alliterations etc.) P-0.196 Chinese-English language dictionaries, (except for dialects other than Mandarin) P-0.197 English-Chinese dictionaries, except for dialects other than Mandarin- i.e. not Mandarin P-0.198 Chinese-foreign language P-0.199 Foreign language-Chinese

P-1 Language (general) P-2 Etymology, linguistic history P-11 Semantics: general P-12 Er ya P-13 Fang yen P-15 Other works before Song P-16 Works since the Song period P-17 Translation P-18 Character finding systems (i.e. 4 corner system etc.) P-20 Learning the language [also being taught the language (Chinese)] P-21 Vocabulary usage P-22 Syntax; works on punctuation (zhangju) P-23 Studies of particles P-24 Classical Chinese (wen yen) P-25 Modern-style grammar P-30 Textbooks for Chinese (elementary) P-31 Textbooks for Chinese (intermediate) P-32 Textbooks for Chinese (advanced) P-33 Textbooks for Europeans (elementary) P-34 Textbooks for Europeans (intermediate) P-35 Textbooks for Europeans (advanced) 24

P-36 Composition: practising Guo wen P-37 Letter writers P-38 Readers P-41 Script P-43 Showen Jiezi P-44 Coining of characters P-45 Idioms, phrases P-46 Other works on script (zi shu) before Ming P-47 Inscriptions P-48 Dictionaries of early forms of characters P-50 Dictionaries and manuals of cursive and vulgar characters; (slang) P-52 Special topics [Acronyms] P-56 Character arrangement and character reform P-61 Phonetics P-62 Four tones P-63 Phonology (historical phonetics) P-65 Rhyme dictionaries and rhyme tables P-67 Special topics P-69 Works on phonetic script and romanization, transcription P-81 Dialects P-83 Mandarin (guanhua) & putonghua P-85 Wu dialects, including textbooks and dictionaries P-86 Min dialects, including textbooks and dictionaries P-87 Yüe () dialects, including textbooks and dictionaries P-89 Other dialects, including textbooks and dictionaries P-92 Minority languages of China (works in Chinese only) P-93 Manchu P-94 Tibetan P-95 Mongolian P-99 Other languages

[Q Literature] Q-0.01 Periodicals Q-0.02 Series Q-0.03 Collections Q-0.04 Bibliography

Q-0.08 Anthologies (general) Q-0.081 Prose anthologies Q-0.082 Poetry anthologies Q-0.083 Drama anthologies; anthology of ‘protest’ literature Q-0.089 Local anthologies

Q-0.3 General literature Q-0.31 History of literature Q-0.32 Poetry Q-0.321 Ci Q-0.33 Drama (as a literary form) Q-0.34 Novel and prose - composition, creative effort Q-0.35 Foreign influences Q-0.36 Comparative literature Q-0.37 Style; technique Q-0.38 Journalism Q-0.39 Satire 25

Q-0.41 Proverbs and set phrases Q-0.42 Songs Q-0.48 Local literature (plays, poems, tales, etc.) – Divided geographically

Q-1 General textbooks

Q-2 Literature before Tang to 617 A.D. Q-3 Prose Q-4 Poetry Q-4.1 Ci Q-4.2 Song Q-5 Drama Q-6 Fiction Q-7 Short stories Q-8 Essays and letters

Q-20 Qu Yuan Q-49 Xie Lingyun Q-50 Ruan Ji Q-57 Lu Ji Q-66 Bao Zhao Q-71 Sung Yu Q-81 Tao Qian Q-83 Cao Zhi Q-84 Zuo Si Q-97 Yu Xin Q-99 Other contemporary authors

R-0 Literature of the Tang Dynasty 617-959 A.D. R-3 Prose - criticism R-4 Poetry R-4.1 Ci R-4.2 Song R-5 Drama R-6 Fiction R-7 Short stories R-8 Essays and letters

R-20 Cen can R-40 Han Yü R-53 Li Po R-54 Li Shang-yin R-55 Li Yü R-56 Liu Ch'ang-ch'ing R-57 Liu Tsung-yüan R-58 Liu Yü-hsi R-59 Meng Chiao R-60 Meng Hao-jan R-67 Po Chü-i R-83 Tu Fu R-84 Tu Mu R-90 Wang Wei R-96 Yüan Chen R-99 Other contemporary authors 26

S-0 Literature of the Song & Yuan Dynasties 960-1368 A.D. S-3 Prose S-4 Poetry S-4.1 Tz'u S-4.2 Song S-5 Drama S-6 Fiction S-7 Short stories S-8 Essays and letters

S-19 Jiang Baishi S-20 Qin Guan S-23 Zhou Bangyan S-54 Liu Yong S-55 Lo Guanzhong S-56 Lu Jiuyuan S-57 Lu Yu S-64 Ou-uang Xiu S-77 Su Xuan S-78 S-89 S-90 Wang Shifu S-96 Ye Shi S-97 S-99 Other contemporary authors

T-0 Literature of the Ming period 1368-1643 T-3 Prose T-4 Poetry T-4.1 Tz'u T-4.2 Song T-5 Drama T-6 Fiction T-7 Short stories T-8 Essays and letters

T-19 Zhang Juzheng T-20 Zhang Huangyan T-22 Zhang Lun T-33 Feng Weiming T-50 Kang Hai T-51 Kuei Yuguang T-56 Li Kaixian T-59 Ma Zhiyuan T-75 Shui hu juan T-80 Tang Xianzi T-91 Wang Jiusi T-92 Wang Shizhen T-99 Other contemporary authors

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U-0 Literature of the Qing period 1644-1910 U-3 Prose U-4 Poetry U-4.1 Tz'u U-4.2 Song U-5 Drama U-6 Fiction U-7 Short stories U-8 Essays and letters

U-33 Fang Bao U-51 Gong Shanren U-53 Gong Tzuzhen U-55 Li Ruzhen U-57 Liu O U-70 Pu Songling U-87 Cao Xueqin U-88 Wang Fuzhi U-90 Wang Shizhen U-91 Wu Zhengen U-92 Wu Zheng-tzu U-95 Yu Dong U-96 Yuan Mei U-99 Other contemporary authors

V-0 Literature 1911-1989 V-0.05 Specialists in V-0.08 Anthologies V-0.084 Protest literature V-0.085 Science fiction V-0.086 Historical fiction V-0.087 Historical fiction, popular, e.g. yen-i V-0.3 Literature, general & history – Divide as Q V-0.315 Historical surveys of contemporary literature V-0.341 Children's literature V-3 Prose & criticism V-4 Poetry V-4.1 Tz'u V-4.2 Song V-4.3 Literary theory, criticism V-4.5 Lyric poetry V-5 Drama V-6 Fiction V-7 Short stories V-7.5 Middle length fiction V-8 Essays and letters V-9 May 4th literary movement V-9.5 Literature of national defence

V-11 Ai Qing V-15 Zhang Ailing V-16 Zhang Tianyi V-17 Zhang Tzu-ping V-18 Zheng Zhentuo 28

V-19 Jiang Guangchi (Jiang Guang-tzu) V-20 Jiang Bingzhi (Ding Ling, pseud.) V-21 Chou Libo V-22 Chou Shuren (pseud. Lu Xun) V-22.5 Lu Xun's thoughts V-22.8 Biography V-23 Chou Zuoren V-24 Ju Qiubai V-25 Zhu Tzu-qing [V-26 Liang Qiqiao] (Use L-3.142) V-35 He Qifang V-39 Xiao Qian V-40 Xiao Jun (pseud. Tian Jun, Liu Tianjun) V-41 Xie Wanying (pseud. Bing Xin, aft. Mrs Wu Wendao) V-42 Xu Zhimo V-43 Xu Dishan (pseud. Lo Hua Sheng) V-44 Hong Shen V-51 Guo Moruo V-54 Lin Biao V-55 Li Feigan (pseud. Ba Jin) V-56 Lin Weilu (Lin Shu) V-57 Lin Yutang V-58 Lin Shuhua (aft. Mrs Chen Yuan) V-59 Liu Fu V-62 Wang Hengming (pseud. Lu Yan) V-74 Shen Duanxian (pseud. Xia Yan) V-75 Shen Congwen V-76 Shen Yanbing (pseud. Mao Dun) V-77 Shu Qingchun (pseud. Lao She) V-78 Dang Aiwu (pseud. Ai Wu) V-80 Tian Han V-82 Zang Kejia V-83 Tong Tianjian (pseud. Tian Jian) V-89 Wan Jiabao (pseud. Cao Yu)

V-90 Wang Jingxi V-91 Wang Tongzhao V-92 Wen Yiduo V-93 Yang Chengfang (or Yang Dongfang, pseud. Sha Ding) V-94 Ye Shaojun (Ye Shengtao) V-95 Yu Dafu V-99 Other contemporary authors

W-0 Literature 1990- W-0.05 Specialists in Chinese literature W-0.08 Anthologies W-0.084 Protest literature W-0.085 Science fiction W-0.086 Historical fiction W-0.087 Historical fiction, popular, e.g. yen-i W-0.3 Literature, general & history – Divide as Q W-0.315 Historical surveys of contemporary literature W-0.341 Children's literature W-3 Prose & criticism 29

W-4 Poetry W-4.1 Tz'u W-4.2 Song W-4.3 Literary theory, criticism W-4.5 Lyric poetry W-5 Drama W-6 Fiction W-7 Short stories W-7.5 Middle length fiction W-8 Essays and letters W-99 Individual authors

Z Foreign literary works translated into Chinese (not otherwise classified)

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