SPORT FISHING IN HAWAII GUAM AND AMERICAN SAMOA

WITH CHARTS TO FISHING GROUNDS AND AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO PACIFIC FISHES by JAMES L. SQUIRE, JR. AND SUSAN E. SMITH

CHARLES E. TUTTLE CO., INC. RUTLAND, VERMONT The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recom- mend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publica- tion furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication.

Publisher’s Notice: The material in this publication was taken almost entirely from ANGLER’S GUIDE TO THE UNITED STATES PACIFIC COAST - Marine Fish, Fishing Grounds & Facilities, a publication of Department of Commerce of the United States by James L. Squire, Jr. and Susan E. Smith, which is in public domain.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Juanita M. Kreps. Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Richard A. Frank, Administrator NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Robert W. Schoning, Director COVER DESIGN by Margaret E. h/lcIntyre

First Tuttle Edition 1979 Library of Congress Card No. 78-68587 International Standard Book No. 0-8048-1308-6

Printed in USA ii Publisher’s Preface

This handbook to sport fishing in the Hawaiian Islands, Americpn Samoa & Guam, with assodated fbhiq ground charts and guide to marine game fisher, is selected for the convenience of fishermen from the Angler‘s Guide to the United States Pacific Coast (first published by the U. 8. Department of Commerce.) All entries in the marine game fishes has been left intact as fishes on the American West Coast are of interesl to sport fishermen in Pacific Island Waters. The introduction to the original work has been slightly reduced by omitting sections referring to sport fishing outside of the amas covered in the charts.

iii

- ._ __ CONTENTS

Introduction V Hawaiian Islands 2 American Samoa 12 Guam 14 Marine Game Fishes 17 Glossary of Terms 46 Index to Common Names of Fishes 48 Acknowledgements 53

iv Introduction

While there are millions of individual fish in the ocean and bays, the ob- vious problem facing the marine sport angler is how and where and when to catch them. Anglers who have a “local knowledge” of the seasons and locations of good fishing areas usually are the more successful ones, but most realize that pinpointing the exact location, season, and time for catching a certain species of fish is impossible. This is due to seasonal variation in the geographical distribution and quantity of stocks of fish available, which, in turn, is a result of changes in the total marine environment (temperature, salinity, food, etc.), and the biological success of each species in the competi- tion for survival. Even so, certain species usually are taken in generally well defined fishing areas: some may be taken only during a certain seasonal period while others may be present throughout the year. The purpose of this Guide is to provide a general source of information on those areas that are more frequently fished and the species of fish that are commonly taken. Accompanying each chart is a general description of the chart area, and notes that supplement the chart information concerning some of the common game fishes and their availability to the angler.

It is important to realize that marine game fishing is the only segment of the U. S. fisheries that has grown rapidly during the past 15 years. In 1960 the first national marine angling survey was made. It reported an estimated 1.4 million marine anglers along the west coast from the Mexican border to Alaska catching over 79 million fish. By 1965 the number of marine anglers had grown to almost 2 million (1,977,100) and the catch to over 87 million fish. The 1970 survey showed over 2 million (2,205,000) west coast marine anglers who caught over 61 million fish. Thus, during the past decade, the number of west coast anglers has increased 64%: however, the number of fish caught as reflected in the 1970 survey has not kept pace with the increased angling pressure. This increase in angling pressure is to be found throughout the cen- tral and eastern Pacific, with a 34% increase in southern California, which has 40% of all marine angling along the west coast. A 47% increase was found from central California northward into Alaska, an area which accounts for 60% of all west coast fishing. Effective long-range planning for marine game fish conservation programs and associated research activities must be based on a thorough knowledge of the scope and magnitude of the recreational fishery resources; seasonal distribution of fish; the operating sport fishery and its fishing locations; the location, type and number of fishing facilities available: and information on the values that anglers attach to the various facets of the sport. V TYPES OF FISHING Pacific marine game fishing is centered near the coastal population centers. An abundance of desirable game fish is usually available along all coasts in the ocean, bays, and brackish-water areas, depending on the place and season of the year. Over 300 species are commonly taken by marine anglers who fish the west coast and Pacific Islands: in addition, they inciden- tally catch many other species. The sport angler has five types of “fishing” - pier fishing, rock or jetty fishing, surf or bank fishing, private boat fishing, and sport boat [party or charter boat] fishing. The type of marine environment fished usually dictates what species are most likely to be caught. The marine angler must take this into consideration by use of suitable equipment and careful selection of bait or lure to achieve the greatest chance for success. A diversity of fishing gear is used by the Pacific angler, with conven- tional hook and line being the most common method of fishing in all areas.

CHOOSING A FISHING AREA

If you are unfamiliar with an area, there a few basic criteria that should be used in selecting a place to try your luck. Knowledge of hydrographic con- ditions (tidal flow, bottom types, and depths) is most important whether you are fishing in the open ocean, nearshore, surf zone, tidal inlets, bays, or in the intertidal portion of a river. On the open ocean, sea state is another im- portant factor in fishing. Many pelagic species that frequent the surface are usually found at greater depths when the surface is rough. Weather is a par- ticularly important factor, especially in the ocean. Where weather is more favorable for offshore fishing, we usually find a greater number of offshore anglers. In fishing offshore for marlin, water color and temperature are impor- tant factors. Changes in these factors are good indicators of changes in water mass, and it is in the vicinity of these changes that concentrations of the larger predators are often found. Along edges of changes in water temperature and color sometimes can be found higher concentrations of forage animals - plankton and small fish. These smaller animals attract the larger predator fish, making an area with a temperature or color discon- tinuity a favorable place to explore. Locations near schools of forage fish often have good fishing potential. These frequently are found by observing seabirds swooping down on forage fish driven to the surface by larger predator fish. Sometimes yellowfin tuna and marlin are found around schools of porpoise, and trolling nearby may be productive. Along shore, water depth frequently can be determined by color, the darker blue color indicating a deeper area. These deep spots or holes, drop offs, and open channels are all good spots for surf or shore anglers to in- vestigate. In fishing the surf, wave action is most important in evaluating a vi good fishing spot: as a wave proceeds toward the shore, it will usually crest and break over a shallow spot, either the sand beach itself or an offshore bar. If the wave breaks some distance from shore over a submerged sandbar and the water becomes smooth again before slightly breaking on the beach, this indicates a depression or hole on the inside of the bar - a likely spot for surf fishes. If rocky outcroppings are observed immediately offshore along a san- dy beach, casting to a point close to the rock can be productive since larger fish tend to congregate around such locations. The same is true for offshore reefs, kelp beds, or wrecks. These habitats provide shelter or protection as well as a ready food supply for game fishes, which eat the abundant small organisms attached to the solid substrate and the baitfish frequently found nearby.

Rocky shores usually are productive fishing areas: however, many anglers are reluctant to fish these places because of the possibility of losing their terminal gear of sinkers and hooks. Careful selection of a fishing spot off a rocky point or over sharpdrop offs to deep water which may have a smooth bottom could produce results. Although a cautious approach should be taken in testing such an area, after discovering good fishing in a rocky location you may have found your own exclusive fishing spot.

Fishing results in bays are highly variable. Usually the best spots are near the entrances, in or adjacent to the main tidal channels. Fishing in the entrance from a boat can be productive either by trolling [usually against the tide), casting with the tide, or drift fishing with the tide. Tidal fluctuations in bays markedly affect fishing in the nearshore area or over the tidal flats. Water current velocities and patterns created by tidal flow in turn affect the movement and availability of food material for all bay fishes. Many shallow areas are evident, and some are exposed at extreme minus tides. When the tide is high these areas are covered, and predator fish can move over the tidal flats to feed on small invertebrates that live on the bottom. On an eb- bing or outgoing tide, good places for fishing are usually found in channels or about the mouths of tidal sloughs that drain the tide flats, or at any narrow channel or creek mouth at the point it empties into a bay.

In bays as well as in the ocean, logical spots for fishing in your area may be found on the marine nautical charts issued by the National Ocean Survey. These navigational charts show channels and depressions and sometimes show rough or rocky-reef areas. A good marine angler can determine areas that may have good fishing potential by consulting these charts, and if you plan to fish from your own boat, knowledge of the bottom topography is es- sential for normal navigation.

Another easy method of gaining knowledge of the better fishing sites is to follow those sport anglers who know where to fish. Good fishing areas attract fishing boats and concentrations of anglers. The activities of commercial sport fishing boats are among the most reliable indicators of good fishing spots. Professional sport fishing boat skippers keep in constant contact by vii radio with other boats concerning fishing conditions, and they are the ex- perts in the offshore fishing business. For this reason a great deal of knowledge about fishing techniques for different species and fishing locations can be obtained by fishing from a commercial sport fishing boat. Records indicate that in most cases catches are above average for these boats, and their equipment will get you to the fishing grounds and back with speed and safety. Once the fishing grounds are reached, all necessary bait (live bait in many cases), tackle, and instruction on equipment and techni- ques are available to you. Finally, for more specific knowledge about fishing in a particular area, one of the most logical places is the local bait and tackle store or sporting goods supplier. Local fish and game wardens usually are most helpful, and of any group of individuals, they are probably most aware of seasonal fishing opportunities. Above all, before fishing any area always be sure to consult your State fish and game department for local regulations concerning current laws.

JAMES L. SQUIRE, JR. SUSAN E. SMITH NMFS. Southwest Fisheries Center. La jolla Laboratory, La Jolla. Calif. NMFS, Southwest fisheries Center, Tiburon Laboratory. Tiburon. Calif.

viii 0' 155

Honolulu

i/?

14' -. -~ ~. ~~~ . .. 00' PHILIPPINE MANUA IS. 00

OCEAN i I

PACIFIC ISLANDS

The following pages describe marine game fishing around the circles. But although the glamour and excitement of deepsea tropical islands of Hawaii, American Samoa, and Guam. The fishing draws many to the offshore grounds, much of the Hawaiian Islands rise out of the central Pacific Ocean near fishing conducted about the islands is for the great variety of the margin of the tropics, while American Samoa lies below smaller tropical fishes found over inshore reefs and along the equator approximately 2.600 miles south of Honolulu. rocky and sandy shores. The most sought-after fishes are not Guam, the largest and westernmost territory of the United necessarily the largest or the ones with the best fighting States, is located in the western Pacific Ocean less than ability-many islanders judge the value of a fish by its taste 1.700 miles south of Tokyo, Japan. Although widely separated and by the traditional values attached to catching it and geographically, these islands all fall within the boundaries of preparing it for the table. a large region characterized by a distinct marine fauna-a region that extends from East Africa across the Indian Ocean Visitors should always first check locally about the area into the central Pacific Ocean. Thus many similar or identical they plan to fish unless accompanied by a professional species occur in Hawaii, American Samoa, and Guam. skipper or guide. If you intend to fish from shore, ask about All of these islands are volcanic in origin with the sea surf conditions. accessibility, and restricted areas. Double bottom plunging fairly rapidly away from shore, and in many check the edibility of your catch, particularly in American locations excellent deep-sea fishing opportunities are Samoa and Guam. where a few species are reported to be available within a relatively short distance from port. Some poisonous. Those known or suspected to be poisonous are of the billfish and tuna grounds have produced record-sized discussed in the accompanying text and in the section on fish and earned a worldwide reputation in big-game fishing Marine Game Fishes of the Pacific Islands.

1 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

The beautiful islands of our sotb State, gama fish. but the seas in these Hawaii, are situated in the north blustery areas are often rough and Central Pacific Ocean over 2.000 miles tend to discourage dost anglers. Fishes southwest of mainland North America. that are taken by trolling include blue, The Hawaiian archipelago comprises black, and striped marlins (all called eight major islands and a number of “a’u” by the islanders). ‘ahi (yellowfm rocky islets and small coral islands. tuna]. aku (skipjack tuna), mahimahi The larger islands are actually the (dolphin). on0 (wahoo], kawakawa high peaks of an undersea chain of (little tunny), and kamanu (rainbow volcanic mountains and rise steeply runner or Hawaiian salmon). Most and majestically out of the deep clear- trolling occurs in water 1.ooO fathom blue waters of the Pacific. Gw or less; although off the Kona coast of logically, the islands were formed Hawaii, boats may fish over water up west to east. the youngest island bbing to 2,OOO fathoms or more deep in the island of Hawaii, which still has search of marlin and tuna. active volcanoes. The oldest are the There are two basic types of tiny coral sand islands at the fishing strategies-area fishing and westernmost tip of the chain. ledge fishing. Anglers who “fish the The climate is largely influenced area” work over a known productive by the northeast trade winds that fishing ground such as Penguin Bank travel over the cool, westward flowing or the “Chicken Farm.” watching for North Equatorial Current, and then are flocks of seabirds which feed on the affected by the high elevations and 34/Hawaii Big Game baifishes that marlin and large tuna contours of the islands. As a result. chase to the surface. Ledge fishing the islands have a relatively cool wet Fishing involves trolling along submarine shelf windward side and a warm. dry areas where marlin, tuna, and other leeward side. and there ia wide smaller fish are known to concentrate variation in temperature, wind and and feed. Aside from being excellent rainfall according to locality. In Hawaii’s blue marlin and tuna marlin and tuna areas. these general temperatures range from 58O grounds are world famous. and the precipitous ledges also produce h- to 90°F. are lower from November professional skippers and crews that pressive numbers of on0 and kahala through April, and mild to warm the fBh these waters are among the most (amberjack), as well as the large rest of the year. Warmest months ara experienced bluewater anglers in the deepwater snappers which are caught July. August. and September when world. Charter boats provide full handlining on the bottom. temperatures may reach 80° to 90°F. equipment end operate year-round on Occasionally a southerly or “Kona” a nonscheduled basis. Advance wind brings mugginess to the islands reservations should be made with and rain to the leeward coasts. individual boat operators or with The population is unevenly charter services. International Game distributed: 82.10 of the people live on Fish Association’s scales and weigh Oahu. and threequarters of thesesin masters are available on all the main the city of Honolulu. Hawaii, the islands. largest island with six and a half times The major trolling grounds for the land area of Oahu. has only 8% of Hawaii’s sport fishing fleet are shown the population. on Chart 34. Most fishing is done off The islands of Hawaii offer a the calmer leeward coasts of the variety of excellent year-round islands. The windward coestal waters fishing-deep-sea. inshore, and and the channel areas between the shoreline fishing. islands are just as productive for big 2 -@- /LED- I

CHART 34 Hawaii Offshore Fishing Grounds II 'AH1 -YELLOWFIN TUNA AKU -SKIPJACK TUNA KAWAUAWA LITTLE TUNNY MAHIMAHI -DOLPHIN- ON0 -WAHOO

I W w 3 the Pacific Islands. Getting to shore is relatively easy in most places, and the R cost of this type of recreation is nominal. A variety of methods are used-pole and line, netting, spearing, and trapping. Only a few places in Hawaii rent fishing tackle, but all of the islands have sporting goods stores where inexpensive gear can be pur- chased. Heavy bait-casting gear is used mainly for ulua, an island term for largesized jacks. These fish are highly prized by shore anglers and some are reported to reach 5 feet long. Ulua are 1 0.0 Keehi Boat Basin found -around rocky headlands and points, usually in turbulent water. 2.00 0 Kewalo Bash Some of the best fishing spots for ulua on Oahu are Koko Head, Bamboo Ridge 3 0. Ala Wai Boat Harbor (north of Hanauma Bay and to the 4 0 Maunalua 8. Beach 35/0ahu south of the Blow Hole), Diamond Pk. Head, Makapuu Point, and Kaena 5 0 Kaflua Beach Park Point. This type of fishing can be Oahu (Chart 35) is the political and dangerous for the beginner because of 6.0 0 Heeia-Kea Boat Harbor commercial center of the Island State, the rugged nature of the terrain in where the bustling capital city of most ulua fishing areas. Access to 7 0. Kahana Bay Honolulu is located. It is here that some of the better fishing spots is most of Hawaii's people live and work. sometimes difficult, and the surf can 0 0. Haleiwa The island is formed by two be treacherous-reports of anglers e. 0. Fokai Boat Harbor rugged parallel volcanic mountain being swept from the rocks by waves Bay ranges separated by a wide valley are not uncommon. carpeted with sugarcane and Young jacks, called "papio." are pineapple. Many shore recreation favorite light tackle quarry for pier spots and scenic views are within easy and shoreline anglers. Papio are and torching areas are shown on the access along highways that circle and caught all around the island, being map. In Honolulu Harbor there is pier CMBS the island. most abundant from August to fishing for 'oama, halalu. and maomao. November. Another member of the jack The shallow reef around Honolulu OFFSHOREFISHING family, the akule. is also a popular Airport is a favorite location for light tackle fish. Most pole fishing is netting 'ama'ama: spinning for papio Honolulu's Kewalo Basin, 0nly.a 5 for young akule or "hahalalu" (often and 'o'io; and, on calm nights, torching minute drive from the Waikiki hotel pronounced simply "halalu"), which for weke. Parts of Waikiki Beach are district, has fine fleets of deepsea are caught in bays and harbors, such good for torch fishing, especially for cruisere. Charter boats fish closein as Pokai Bay and Haleiwa Harbor, and "squid' [octopus). There is also fishing and offshore for many different types in Honolulu Harbor by pier fishing from shore for aholehole, papio, of game fish-marlin, 'ahi, mahimahi, under lights. Hahalalu are caught 'ama'ama. and awa along the Ala Wai kawakawa, ono, and sometimes the mostly at night, as are a variety of Canal that cuts through the Waikiki deepwater snappers-depending on other inshore fishes. Beach district. Along Waimanalo what is running. Marlin have been Some fishes that are active at Beach, 'o'io and weke are caught from caught within a mile of the harbor. night-wekes. aholehole. and 'ama- shore, and moi are taken near the Honolulu boats often fish from Penguin 'ama-are caught by "torch fishing." mouths of creeks emptying into Bank to the east of the island or work On calm dark nights when the tide is Waimanalo Bay. from the western or leeward shore low. persons armed with spears or Farther north, Kaneohe Bay has along Barbers Point to Kaena Point off hand nets wade out over the reef netting for surgeonfish [manini and the Waianae coast. Penguin Bank is carrying lights to locate marine kala). *ama'ama. akule. awaawa, and noted for large schools of small tuna animals. Years ago. torches were awa. Kaneohe Bay is also one of the and mahimahi as well as marlin and made from dried coconut leaves, but better areas for octopus or "squid," ono. The Waianae coast offers the now gasoline lanterns and battery- and underwater spearing for kumu. comfort of fiehing in the calm lee of the powered lights are used. Lobsters and manini. palani. and weks'ula. 'Omaka island and a promise of exceptionally "squid" (octopus to mainlanders) are are abundant seasonally, and large marlin and yellowfin tuna ['ahi). also taken torch fishing. 'aweoweo on occasions enter the bay Charter boats out of Pokai Bay Boat The "hukilau" is another in great numbirs. All along the north Harbor also fish this area. On the traditional island fishing method. It eastern coast there is shore casting windward coast, charters are involves a group of people. A. large over reef-and-sand bottom for papio available at Heeia Boat Harbor in surround net is used to encircle the and weke: over sand bottom for moi Kaneohe Bay, and when weather fish, usually in protected waters. Once and 'o'io: and cast netting and gill permits. there is good marlin fishing the net is set in place everyone pulls netting inside of the reef for along the 100-fathom drop off between on the two end ropes, forcing the fish surgeonfish, 'ama'ama, and akule. Makapuu Point and Mokapu Point. into the net as it is drawn into shallow In Haleiwa Bay, hahalalu school in water. Usually all kinds of fishes are great numbers in late summer, and caught with the hukilau net, and NEARSHORBAND SHORELINEFISHING many are taken by pole fishing from custom dictates that anyone who wets shore. Hahalalu and 'opelu are taken his feet during netting be given a in the surf along the coast north of Fishing from shore is probably the portion of the catch. Waienae; 'o'io and ulua are caught off most Popular way to fish throughout Some of the popular shore fishing the shores around Nanakuli: moi and 4 '5.9 CHART 35

AAAU Shorefishing Areas

! Torching Areas

Fishing Facilities

di- Sportboat Operation

Coral Reefs

-mu Depth in Fathoms

'S>. c * I 5

_- _. __ _I 'ama'ama are taken by netting and there is little fishing activity because shore casting around Barbers Point. of rough seas. but fishing usually picks Fiehing in Pearl Harbor is restricted by up again in February. Blue marlin can the military, and it is fished by service be caught all year, but are most personnel and their dependents. The abundant from June through October. harbor is good for cast netting Striped marlin appear to be more 'ama'ama: pole fishing for papio. abundant during times when blue 'omaka. nehu. and pelani: and spin- marlin are least abundant [during fishing with lures for kawalea. winter and early spring]. and are not There is a considerable amount of caught by sports anglers in as many smabboat fishing in reef-protected numbers as the blues. Best time for areas and in bays and harbors around 'ahi is November through April. Ah the island. All facility locations in- are taken all year, but best catches dicated on the map have launching are made in the summer. On0 are most ramps, except Kewalo Basin. 'Omaka. abundant from April through August. 1 0. MabllkOnS 'aweoweo. menpachi. papio. and wake The Kona coast is famed for its 'ula are caught from boats in Kaneohe smooth. clear water and ideal fishing 2 0.0 0. Kawalhaa Bay, and hahalalu sometimes are taken conditions. It is also famous for the by skiff anglers in Haleiwa Bay. Large Hawaiian International Billfish 3 0 PUdrO ulw are taken in the area north of Tournament, which is staged every Mokapu Peninsula, and boats bottom- summer at Kailua-Kona. Anglers from 4. 0. Honokahau Harbor fish for 'omaka in Pearl Harbor. all over the world come to fish the waters of the Kona Coast, where 5.. 0 Katlua-Kom several marlin over LOO0 pounds have 6.0 0 Keauhou B. Anchorwe been landed in recent years. The most popular grounds fished by the charter 7 0 Honaunau Bay fleet are off Keahole Point-less than an hour's run from Kailua-Kona. Boats 0 0- Mllolli I PlU II also. fish along the entire leeward coast as far south as Kauna Point in 9 0 Kaulana Bay search of marlin and tuna. 10 0 Farther inshore, 'ahi and ono are FbhOlki I taken in good numbers by trolling over 11 0 0. Hi10 the steep 100-fathom ledge. This drop off area also is good for handlining 12 0 Laupahoehoe onaga and kahala. From about 40 to 100 fathoms there is handlining and 13 0 Kukulhaele netting for akule. 'opelu. 'opakapaka, *Muv

CHART 36 19' w .-AAA Shorcfishing Areas

'* Fishing Fecilities

Sportboat Operotion 'OPAKAPAKA

-2- Deoth in Fathoms \

NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION See NOS NauticalCharts

8 7 and manini are taken from shore group and the second largest island in between Kawaihae and Puako. There the Hawaiian chain. The windward or is limited access over the lava fields eastern side is a succession of gorges south of Puako. but Honokakau Harbor rich in lush vegetation, cascading and the coast south to Kailua offer waterfalls. and black sand beaches. some shore fishing. South of Kailua- The leeward or western side of the Kona there is intermittent access to island is characterized by golden sand shore along the highway-some areas beaches, secluded coves, and very are privately owned. From about clear waters. Keauhou south to Kealakekua Bay the The island of Molokai also is fishing is reported to be excellent, but formed by two volcanic mountains. Its access is difficult-only by way of a windward side is very scenic with dirt trail about onehalf mile south of precipitous cliffs, rising sheerly 500 to Keauhou Bay. In most of Kealakekua 4.000 feet from the ocean. and in- Bay, fishing is restricted, but to the dented by magnificent valleys. The south there is shore fishing for ulua, leeward side is a patchwork of ancient menpachi. and papio (about a %minute fish ponds fringed with coral reef. walk to the beach). A limited amount The islands of Lanai and 1 0 0 0 Kaunakakai.Molokai of shore fishing occurs near Hoopuloa Kahoolawe are both single mountains. 2. Kaumalapau pier, Lanai and Milolii. Lanai, owned by the Dole Pineapple The windward or Hilo coast of the Company, is primarily a pineapple 3 0 Manele Boat Hbr.. Land island has shore fishing along Hilo Bay plantation. Kahoolawe is uninhabited for moi. and from the Hilo breakwater and sometimes used as a target area 4 0 0 0 0 0 Lahaina. Maui for moi, manini. hahalalu, weke. and by the U.S. Armed Forces. papio. The area south of Leleiwi Point 5 0 0 0 Maalaea Boat Hbr..Maul is good for moi. manini. aholehole. uouoa. web. 'o'io. and ulua. From OFFSHOREFISHING 80 Hans. Maui around Kaloli Point south to Cape Kumukahi, large ulua are taken from Sport fishing boats are available 7 0 Maliko Bay. Maui for charter on Maui at the old whaling shore as well as menpachi and some of 8 0 0 0 Kahului. Maui the fishes mentioned above. Farther port of Lahaina. close to the Kaanapali south at Opihikao, islanders fish for Beach resort area. Most deepsea menpachi, menini. moi. 'o'io. papio. fishing takes place in the triangle and ulua. Punaluu Harbor and formed by the islands of Maui. Lanai, Honuapo Bay have a limited amount of and Kahoolawe. Fishing around fishing for akule. Molokai and Lanai can be arranged through Maui charter services. At the time of this writing, charters were also Perhaps Maui's most popular available on an intermittent basis out shore fish is the 'o'io (bonefish), which of the port of Kaunakakai on Molokai. grows to a su!stantial size in but this should be checked with the Hawaiian waters. Oio and awa are charter services. taken from shore and skiffs along the Boats out of Lahaina troll for Lahaina coast south to Maalaea mahimahi. kawakawa. ono, and blue and along the shore of Maalaea Bay marlin, or bottomfish for deepwater and to the south. Large ulua also are snappers and weke'ula. Most fishing taken along the Lahaina coast at the is done in the protected lee of the areas shown on the chart. On the islands, but during calm weather some eastern or windward side of Maui, boats venture out in the channel areas awa and akule are caught in Kahului to bottomfish over the productive Bay during the falk akule also are submarine ledges of the Pailolo taken in Hana Bay. South of Hana Bay Channel. the lmfathom ledge where there is occasional shore fishing in Auau and Kealaikahiki channels meet, winter for moi. aholehole. and manini. and around the island of Kahoolawe. It At the southwestern tip of the island at is best to check with the Hawaii La Perouse Bay, akule, menpachi. and Division of Fish and Game about a wide assortment of reef fishes are fishing around Kahoolawe: sometimes taken from shore. it is restricted during Naval On-Lanai, most shore fishing takes operations. The area to the west of place on the northeastern side of the Lanai and Molokai is fished by island. which is edged with luxurious privately owned vessels and the coral reef. Kaumalapau Harbor has 37 "Maili , Molo ka i, Lana i , charter fleet out of Oahu. pier fishing and fishing for awa just outside of the harbor entrance. Kahoolawe On the island of Molokai. shore INSHORE AND SHORELINE RSHlNC and skiff fishing for ulua is exceptional all along the leeward coast inshore of This island group (Chart 37) was Beaches, rocky points, and reefs 20 fathoms. From Kaunakakai to probably once a single island. but now along the coastlines of these islands Halawa there is fishing from shore for is separated by channels 6 to 9 miles offer excellent opportunity for spin 'o'io. awa. and *ama'ama. The western wide and up to 100 fathoms deep. The fishing, surf casting. net fishing, and shore offers ulua. moi, and 'o'io island of Maui is called "The Valley spearing. On Maui. skiffs can be fishing. Isle" from the low-lying valley or isth- rented at Lahaina for nearshore mus that links the two volcanic fishing along the Lahaina coast from mountains that form east and west Lipoa Point to Maalaea Bay along Maui. It is the largest island of the Highway 30. 8 CHART 37

Shorefishing Areas

5 Fishing Facilities

f Torching Areas

.L sportboot Operotion

47,. Coral Reefs

--a- Depth in Fothomi

\ 38/ Kauai, Niihau, Kaula

The island of Kauai [Chart 38). about round from about 25 to 100 fathoms. fishes at Nawiliwili Harbor, Hanalei. 63 miles west-northwest of Oahu. is the The peak of ono fishing is September, Port Allen, and Kukuiula Harbor. oldest, most weathered, and most October, and November, when huge One of the finest bonefishing verdant of the larger islands. This schools of akule. upon which ono feed, grounds in the world is located off beautiful "Garden Isle" abounds in move into the area. It is also the peak Hanalei along the north shore, where rivers and cascading waterfalls. The time for small 'ahi: both ono and 'ahi the former world record was held for island consists mainly of a single are taken by trolling. years (18 pounds 2 ounces). Hawaiian mountain, Waialeale (5,080 feet). with Anglers troll for marlin and large bonefish ['o'io) are taken surf fishing marginal lowlands except on the 'ahi [over 100 pounds) in deeper or bottomfishing with cut bait-water northwest. The chief scenic attractions waters from about 100 to 1,ooO conditions are not conducive to fly are Waimea Canyon-the "Grand fathoms. Tremendous schools of 'ahi fishing. Canyon of the Pacific": the spacious move into Kauai waters in the late Hanalei Valley where rice and taro spring, with sizes known to reach a are cultivated on nativebuilt terraces: world record of 276 pounds. Marlin and the Ne Pali coast on the northwest are fished year-round, but most fishing with its 4.CKKLfOOt high precipices. is in summer [May to September] Niihau. a small island southwest of when aku. the prime bait for marlin, Kauai. is privately owned and move into the area in large schools. operated as a cattle ranch. Kaula From September to January, aku are Island is uninhabited, and access is still present around the island, but sometimes restricted by the military. are not as tightly schooled. Mahimahi. although caught in Kauai waters, are not as abundant OFFSHORE AND NEARSHOREFISHING here as around the islands located farther east. Kauai has some of the finest year- round deepsea fishing in Hawaiian waters and boasts some world-record- SHOREFISHING size 'ahi, 'o'io, and kamanu. Charters are aveilable out of Nawiliwili Harbor, 'Oio. papio, moi, and 'ama'ama 1 0 0 0 0 NawillwiliHarbor Hanalei. and Port Allen. At Hanalei are abundant all around the island of you have a choice of either deepsea or Kauai. 'Aweoweo. menpachi. hahalalu, 2 0 0 WailuaMarina inshore bonefishing excursions. and various kinds of goatfish are taken Ledge fishing (trolling and bot- by shore anglers. Torch fishing and 3 0' Hanalei tomfishing) is excellent around these "squidding" are popular. especially in islands. The submarine ledges are Kapaa Bay, Anahola Bay, and over the 4 0 0 Kikiaola Boat Harbor productive bottomfishing areas for reef off Haena. At Haena during 5 0 0 0 0 PortAUen 'opakapaka, uku, and kahala, which moonlit nights at low tide, the local are taken in water about 100 fathoms people enjoy reef fishing with bamboo 6 0 0 0 KukululaBoatHarbor deep. Ono and small 'ahi [usually poles for 'upapalu or "moonlight fish." under 100 pounds) are plentiful year- There is pier fishing for a variety of

10 - CHART 38

AAAA.)~. Shorefishing Areas

LARGE AH1 -mu Depth in Fathoms MARLIN \ I Torching Areas

5 Fishing Focilitier

sportboat Operation TROLLING FOR - ,P%+.-,L, Coral Reefs BOTTOMFISHING FOR

OPAKAPAKA

11 39,Z’AMERICAN SAMOA with a mountain range along its length. toxic, and it is wise to inquire locally It is nearly bisected by the deep about the edibility of certain species. waters of Pago Pago Harbor, one of Groupers, collectively called “gatala” The tropical islands of American the finest and most beautiful ports in by Samoans. are generally taken at 10 Samoa (Chart 39) are in the south the South Pacific. to 40 fathoms over reefs and ledge Central Pacific Ocean, approximately A tourist industry is developing areas. The most common species are 2.200 miles southwed of the Hawaiian rapidly on Tutuila Island, and the gatala, gatala moana, i’a manaia. and Islands and 1.600 miles northeast of increased tourism has brought a ata’ata. which is similar to California’s the northern tip of New Zealand. growing interest in the sport fishing giant sea bass and ranges up to 500 American Samoa is an Unincorporated potential of Samoa’s productive pounds but generally is from 100 to 400 Territory of the United States and grounds which now yield high com- pounds. Of the snappers, the most comprises seven islands-Tutuila, mercial catches of billfish and tuna. common varieties are the colorful Aunu’u, Ta’u, Olosega. Oh. Swains. Two licensed sport fishing boats are bluelined snapper or savani, which is and Rose Atoll. Five of these islands now available for charter out of the most abundant; the green snapper are mountainous and volcanic in Fagatogo on Pago Pago Bay. Fishing or filoa (reported to be slightly toxic in origin, and two (Rose Atoll and Swains grounds are close in and offshore of Samoan waters): and the red snapper Island] are tiny coral atolls each less the island. or mala’i. Another common snapper than 2 miles in diameter. The com- caught handlining, known locally as bined land area of all the islands is a mu. is definitely kncwn to cause scant 76.2 square miles, or about one OFFSHORE FISHING ciguatera poisoning and should not be sixteenth the land area of our smallest eaten. Aso’ama, (uku), a nontoxic State, Rhode Island. Large game fish are abundant snapper, is sometimes taken over The five larger islands are throughout the year in Samoan waters, bottomfishing areas along with some of surrounded intermittently with narrow and many good fishing locations are the large jacks, atule [akule). sapatu. stretches of coral reef, beyond which within a relatively short run from port. tagi. and sharks. Deepwater snappers the water depth plunges fairly rapidly BiUfish grounds off Tutuila Island such as opakapaka and palu (onaga) away from shore. Submerged bank produce saula (blue marlin), saula-lele are more abundant farther offshore areas may extend out W to 4 miles (sailfish), asi (yellowfin tuna), atu over ledges at 200 to 300 fathoms. before dropping dramatically from 50 (skipjack tuna), rainbow runner, These deeper areas, however, are fathoms to depths greater than 500 masimasi (dolphin), and ono (wahoo). fathoms. The islands are bathed by the Waters on the north side of the islands warm waters of the South Equatorial are virtually unfiihed, but show Current system, with sea surface potential of being excellent big game temperatures ranging from 75O to 86OP fishing grounds as well. While they are over the course of a year. caught year-round, the best time for The climate of American Samoa is large asi is March to July, and for atu. tropical. and air temperatures are October to March. fairly uniform, averaging 78O to 80OF Inshore of the billfish grounds at sea level. Rainfall is generally along the lmfathom drop off, there is heavy. increases with altitude, and is handlining and trolling for ono. tagi greater on the snuth and east coasts. [dogtooth tuna), sapatu (barracuda), Trade winds blow from the southeast and large jacks or ulua. Most tagi are quarter about W/oof the time but are caught handlining at dusk or at night. relatively light compared to those of Sharks are also common along these Hawaii. Best weather is from ledge areas. particularly the gray reef November to April when these winds shark. are generally lightest. Bottomfishing is excellent and 1 0 0 0 0 Fagatogo About 90% of the total population usually takes place in waters 100 of 27,000 is located on Tutuila Island, fathoms or less: the main catch 2 0 PagoPago the largest of the island group and consists of groupers and snappers. where Pago Pago is located. The island Visitors to the island should be warned 3 0 Fagasa is about 18 miles long and 5 miles wide that the flesh of some snappers may be 12 CHART 39 - Shorefishing Areas Depth in Fathoms

%J.&-f’ Coral Reefs

rL, Sportboat Operation 2 Fishing Facilities G HOUPERS (GATALA)

170‘ 40’ f seldom fished because fishing for other ways-with traps, nets, spears, hook anglers also catch this tasty little fish game fishes is so good closer to Tutuila and line, or simply bare hands and a handlining. Mullet are taken in sandy Harbor. The same is true for the pail. The most common methods are bays and lagoons with cast nets, and bottomfishing areas around the Manua bamboo pole fishing end cast netting. Palu Lagoon is considered one of the Island group, which are fished mainly Young snappers and groupers are the bast fishing areas for this silvery by natives who launch cenoes in the main catch, but “lupo” (young jacks), schooling fish. surf on the west end of Ta’u Island. “malau” and other squirrelfishes. A very unusual fishery exists in Rose Atoll, a turtle and bird preserve, goatfishes, and even an occasional American Samoa. one which the is also too far from port to be a butterflyfish and surgeonfish are population looks forward to with eager feasible fishing ground at this time. taken. The shore is accessible all along anticipation. It is the fishery for palolo. the southern side of the island and on Each year at a predictable time in the north shore at Fagasa where the either October or November, the tail SHOREFISHING road follows the shoreline. It is ad- ends of a species of reef-dwelling sea visable to check with local chiefs or worm become detached and swim to The inshore reefs of Tutuila matai before fishing near their the surface in wriggling masses. The abound with over 600 varieties of villages-just as you would ask a tail sections are full of eggs and sperm colorful fishes. and few have gone property owner permission before which are discharged into the water. untested by the Samoans, who prefer fishing on his land. Spearing is legal. On these nights. and usually only for a to comb nearby reefs rather than but generally discouraged. few hours, the reef comes alive with venture to offshore fishing grounds. As Atule and mullet are fished in great swarms of palolo. The natives. a result, these reefs have been sub lagoons and bays around the island. armed with dip nets, pails, and other jected to heavy fishing pressure over Atule are caught in good numbers by capturing devices. wade out over the the years and, unfortunately, are pole fishing from shore in Pago Pago reefs to scoop up large quantities of showing signs of depletion. Harbor, mainly from the docks and this unusual Samoan delicacy. Palolo Most shore fishing is done by piers on the west side of the harbor. are usually eaten raw. but for the less wading out over the reefs at high tide. Unlike his Hawaiian counterpart, the brave they can be cooked with A variety of sea creatures are cap Samoan atule is caught easily during chopped onions or scrambled with tured in an almost equal variety of the day as well as at night. Skiff eggs. 13 II I1

caught off Ritidian Point near the parrotfishes. Cast net operators fling northern tip of Guam. This huge &h their circular nets over the water for weighed in at 1.153 pounds with a total fish that wander about the reefs in length of 14 feet 8 inches. A fishing schools, such as manini [known locally derby is held each year at the end of as “kicho”). young mullet, goatfish, the Liberation Day celebration in July, and sesjun (rabbitfish). There is also 40/GUAM and many sport anglers register for some spearing for octopus, parrotfish, this annual event. and surgeonfish, as well as other reef Most offshore fishing takes place fishes. Guam [Chart 40), about 3.340 miles on the leeward or western side of the Some of the more popular shore west of Honolulu and 1.500 miles east island because of rough waters usually fishing areas are shown on the chart. of Manila, is the largest and prevalent on the windward or eastern Atulai are taken during most of the southernmost island in the Marianas side. The trolling grounds produce blue year [May to March) along the channel island group. Administered by the US. marlin, black marlin, sailfish, yellowfin area that cuts through the reef at Navy for over half a century, the tuna, skipjack tuna, mahimahi, Agana and at the southern tip of the territory was placed under the ad- rainbow runner. tosun or wahoo, island near Merizo. There is shore ministrative jurisdiction of the barracuda, and sharks. Marlin. wahoo, fishing in Apre Harbor for papio. Department of the Interior in 1950 by and tuna are caught occasionally atulai. and occasionally achuman executive order of the President of the throughout the year; the best time for (’opelu). Tataga are taken at Agana United States. That year. the Organic mahimahi is during January and and sometimes at the north side of Act was passed by the U.S. Congress February: and yellowfin and skipjack Cabras Island, as well as near the and became Guam’s Constitution, tuna are usually most abundant reefs outer edge on the southern shore giving Guamanians U.S. citizenship and February through August. of Ylig Bay. The latter area also is establishing the present 21-seat Bottomfishing is excellent over good for snappers-mafuti, kakaka. legislature. submarine ledge areas surrounding the and bua. It is advisable to check The island is important as a island and over offshore banks. The locally about the waters you plan to distribution center for Micronesia and catch consists mostly of snappers and fish, since currents over the reefs are as a major link between these islands groupers. Some of the more common sometimes dangerous. and the rest of the world. Because of snappers are the pink kali kali. pink Sport fishing boats are available its strategic geographical location and paka, yellowtail, gendai, lehi. ehu, for charter out of Port Merizo and beautiful tropical setting, Guam has onaga or red. and tagafi. Groupers are Agana. Skiffs can be rented at Port several large military bases, a growing collectively called “gadeo” by Merizo. and there are boat launching tourist industry, and many thriving Guamanians. Dogtooth tune and jacks facilities at the Apra Harbor seaplane new businesses. [called collectively tarekito) are also ramp and at the Agana boat basin. The physical geography of the taken in some of the bottomfishing island contrasts sharply north to south. areas. The northern part of the island is a Many people on the island enjoy low-lying limestone plateau covered by fishing from shore, and the most a thick growth of jungle vegetation. popular methods seem to be spin The south, rising to more than 1.ooO fishing and surround netting. The feet above sea level. is characterized island is rimmed by many miles of by high volcanic hills covered with beautiful coral reefs and the water sword grass. The island is about 23 over these reefs ranks among the miles long and vanes from 4 to 8 miles clearest in the world. especially during wide. the dry season. Anglers with spinning The climate is tropical with air gear cast from the reef shelves for temperatures ranging from 70° to snappers. groupers, and jacks, and 90°F. Daytime temperatures are from the piers and in boat channels for usually in the mid-80’~. Average atulai [akule or bigeye scad] and rainfall is about 90 inches, three tataga (kala. unicornfish). Other fishes quarters of which falls during the such as young snappers, wrasses, rainy season from July to October. The mullet. tarakitiyos (young jacks], driest month is April. needlefish. and achuman (’opelu or Guam’s offshore waters abound mackerel scad) are taken occasionally with a variety of game fish un- by hook-ancLline anglers. The surround doubtedly the most famous is the net captures an assortment of reef Pacific blue marlin. On 21 August fishes including those mentioned above 1969. a world-record blue marlin was as well as some of the goatfishes and 14 CHART 40 MARLIN YELLOWFIN TUNA (AH11 -A -A Shoretirhing Areas SKIPJACK TUNA IAKU) NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION TOSUN (ONO. WAHOO) See NOS Nautical Charts I -20- Depth in Fathoms SNAPPERS TAKEN OCCASIONALLY THROUGHOUT YEAR, WEATHER PERMITTING Fishing Facilities PINK KALIKALI (KALIKALI) PINK PAKA (OPAKAPAKA) / YELLOWTAIL KALlKALl rl Sportboot Operation

p--W Coral Reefs

YEAR ROUND, WEATHER PERMITTING TARAKITO (JACKS) ACHUMAN (OPELU) TAGAFI {VU1{MU1 1 GADAO (GROUPERS1(GROUPERS)

BARRACUDH GlNDAl YELLOWTAIL KALIKAL~ --13 o(

(SEE INSET FOR GALVEZ BANK AREA1 I /

144' 40' 15

MARINE GAME FISHES

The following pages list some of the more common marine game fishes caught within the geographical areas covered in this Guide. Major species are illustrated. Fishes taken along the west coast of the continental United States are described first; those taken around the tropical Pacific islands of Hawaii, American Samoa, and Guam are covered on succeeding pages.. The list is separated in this way to assist the reader in finding the fishes familiar to his general geographic area. To help avoid confusion with common fish names an index to common names referred to in this list is provided in the back of the guide. AI-tackle records are those recognized by the lnternational Game Fish Association as of 1974. Fish illustrations by Susan E. Smith.

17 Marine Game Fishes of the United States West Coast

This list describes those marine and throughout this temperate en- following publications. Much of the anadromous species commonly taken vironment. North of Point Conception. information in this list was derived by anglers along and off the coasts of extending to at least Cope Blanco. from identification lists prepared by California. Oregon, Washington, and Ores.. there exists a major coastal the following authors: Alaska. “upwelling” area which results in cool Off southern California most water nearshore much of the year. Hart, J. L. pelagic species taken by the marine Another environmental change from 1973. Pacific fishes of Can- angler are subtropical, and common temperate to subarctic occurs from ada. Fish. Res. Board only from Point Conception south to off about the Aleutian chain in Alaska Can., Bull. 180. 740 p. Baja California. Mexico. Point north beyond the Bering Sea. Con- Miller. D. J., and R. Leo. ception. 40 miles west of Santa Bar- For the most part, this list uses N. bora, Calif.. is generally agreed to be common and scientific names as 1972. Guide to the coastal the major ecological and found defined in the American Fisheries marine fishes of California. dividing point for many pelagic Society checklist [Bailey et al. 19701. Calif. Dep. Fish Game, Fish species. However, Pacific bonito, except for the use of “surfperch” for Bull. 157. 235 p. Pacific mackerel, and bluefin tuna, all members of the family Embio- Phillips, J. B. which are common in the south, occur tocidae. Some species descriptions will 1957. A review of the rock- at times north of Point Conception, and have more than one common name: fishes of California (Family conversely. northern species such as however, the common name approved Scorpaenidae). Calif. Dep. coho by the American Fisheries Society is salmon sometimes range south of Fish Game, Fish Bull. 104. Point Conception. In the deeper cooler capitalized. The authorized scientific water over the continental shelf are name and the name of the individual 158 p. also found many species that range credited with describing the species Tarp, F. H. north of the Point. for the scientific record ore given last. 1952. Revision of the Family From Point Conception north to For those anglers wishing to Embiotocidae (the surf- south central Alaska one encounters a ensure correct identification of their perches). Calif. Dep. Fish fairly constant species composition west coast catch, we suggest the Game. Fish Bull. 88, 99 p.

Au)PllDAE: THRESHER SHARKS LAMNIDAE: MACKEREL SHARKS CARCHARHINIDAE: REQUIEM SHABKS

3. n

3. BLUE SHARK. Prionace glouco (Ln- naeus). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical and 1. THRESHER SHARK, fox shark temperate seas of the world in eastern swiveltail. Alopios vulpinus (Bonnaterre]. Pacific Ocean from Chile to the Gulf of DISTRIBUTION: Temperate and tropical Alaska. SIZE: Length is reported to 15 feet waters of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic 2. SHORTFIN MAKO. bonito shark, kurus (457 cml. but most caught off southern oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. SIZE: oxyrinchus Rafiiesque. DISTRIBUTION California are less than 8 feet (244 CJ and Reparted to reach 20 to 25 feet (61S762 cm] Temperate and tropical waters of the weigh less than 50 pounds (22.7 kg). All- long and weigh up to 1.OOO pounds (453.6 Pacific Ocean to Hawaii and Japan. Known tackle record in the Atlantic (Rockport. kgl or more. However, the usual catch is in the eastern Pacific from the Columbia Mass.) is 410 pounds (186.0 kg] and 11% less than 30 pounds (13.6 kg). All-tackle River to Chile. SIZE: Reported to reach 12 feet (350.6 cm) long. COLOR: Dark blue record for the Pacific (Mayor Island New feet (366 cm) long and weigh up to 1.ooO above, white below. 0 One of the more Zealand) is 729 pounds (330.7 kg) and 101 pounds (453.6 kg]. However. the size important pelagic sharks in catches of the inches (256.6 cm) long. COLOR Gray to usually ranges from 4 to 8 feet (122-244 cm] southern California sport fishery during black above. fading to white below. 0 A long. All-tackle record in the Pacific [Mayor summer and fall. Good fighter on light pelagic shark common to the offshore Island, New Zealand] is 1.061 pounds (481.3 tackle. but not a particularly good food waters of the eastern Pacific south of Cape kg) and 12 feet 2 inches (370.9 cm) species. Common to offshore waters, but Flattery, Wash. Caught during summer in long. COLOR: Dark gray above, white also occurs inshore off southern and central and southern California: best below. 0 Appears off the southern central California during summer and fall. fishing is in the Los Angeles outer harbor. California coast in summer, and is the One of the most desirable species of shark subject of a growing sport fishery. A for table food also excellent when smoked. pelagic shark, may be dangerous to humans, but regarded as a good food 4. A species.

4. BROWN SMOOTHHOUND. Mustelus henlei (Gill). DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of California, Mexico, to Humboldt Bay, 18 Calif. SIZE: Reaches about 3 feet (91 cm) MYLIOBATIDAE: EAGLE RAYS 11. GREEN STURGEON. Acipenser medi- long. COLOR Reddish brown fading to rostris Ayres. DISTRIBUTION Ensenada. white on belly. 0 Common in bays from San Baja California. Mexico. to Alaska, Bed Francisco south and is one of the most Sea. and Japan. SIZE: Length to 7 feet abundant sharks entering the sport fishery (213 cm). weight to 350 pounds (156.8 kg): catch. It is a good sport species on light most caught are much smaller than tackle and frequently taken by anglers this. COLOR: Olive green with three along sandy shores. from piers. and in longitudinal olive stripes on body. 0 Sir harbors. in habits to the white sturgeon. although less is known of its life history. 5. GRAY SMOOTHHOUND. Mustelus californicus Gill. DISTRIBUTION: Mazatlin. Mexico, to Cape Mendocino. Calif. SIZE. Length recorded to about 5 feet (152 cm). COLOR: Dark gray to brown above, white below. 0 Of minor importance to sport anglers; commonly taken in the surf zona, however.

9. BAT RAY, Myliobatis californica Gill. DISTRIBUTION:u Gulf of California. Mexico, to Oregon. SIZE: Maximum known 12. CHINOOK SALMON, king, spring. weight is about 210 pounds (95.3 kg) with e tyee. Quinnat. Oncorhynchus tshawytscho spread of 4 feet (122 cm). COLOR: Dark (Walbaum). Young juveniles or "feeders" 6. LEOPARD SHARK, cat shark. Triakis brown to black above, white below. 0 Only are sometimes called "blackmauth." semifasciata Girard. DISTRIBUTION: member of the eagle ray family caught in DISTRIBUTION Southern California to MazatlBn. Mexico. to Oregon. SIZE: California. where it occurs along the outer Alaska and south on the Asiatic side to the reported to attain 6% feet (198 cm) in coast and is commonly taken in bays such Amur River, USSR, also to northern length. COLOR Gray with black spots and as San Diego Bay, Newport Bay. Japan. Record weight reported to crossbars: belly lighter. Abundant in Los SIZE: 0 Angeles Harbor, Morn, Bay. San Francisco 126% pounds (57.4 kg); however. few are central and southern California and caught Bay. and Tomales Bay. The bay ray is an caught over 50 pounds (22.7 kg). and most largely in hays, off jetties. and along sandy active fighter and is classed as a good average la to 25 pounds (8.2-11.3 kg) when beaches most of the year. Caught in large game species. It has a venomous spine on mature. COLOR At sea. dark gray above numbers during the fall in San Francisco dorsal side at base of tail that can cause with silver sides and belly; black spots on Bay. A desirable food species. painful wounds. General treatment is to back and both lobof tail; gums at base of cleanse the wound thoroughly and immerse teeth black. 0 Most desirable of marine in warm to hot water with baking soda. game fmh in northern waters and subject of Consult doctor for relief from pain and an extensive ocean troll fishery. Principal PHINOBATIDAE: GUITARFISHES possible secondary infection. fishing areas begin in the south off Pirrmo Beach and Ada. Calif., and extend into southern Alaska. Fished primarily by 7. trolling with dead bait or lures, and driR fishing with live or from bait. Offshore fishing depth for this species is usually ACWENSERIDAE: STURGEON greater than for other salmon speciea.

10.

7. SHOVELNOSE GUITARFISH, shovelnose shark, Rhinobatos productus (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION Gulf of California. Mexico. to Monterey Bay, Calif. SIZE: Reaches a 10. WHITE STURGEON, Pacific sturgeon, length of about 5 feet (152 cm) and a Acipenser transmontanus Richardson. weight of up to 40 pounds (16.1 DISTRIBUTION Ensenada. Baja California. 13. COHO SALMON. silver salmon. kg). COLOR Brownish gray, white un- Mexico. to Gulf of Alaska. SIZE: Largest silversides. salmon tmut. Oncorhynchus derside. 0 Often caught by pier, bay. and white sturgeon taken along the Pacific was kisutch (Welbaum). DISTRIBUTION: surf anglers, and common over send and reported to be about 20 feet (610 cm) long Coronado Islands. Mexico, to Alaska. and mud bottom in shallow bays and estuaries weighing 1.800 pounds (816.5 kg). However. south on the Asiatic side to Japan. SIZE: in southern California. Not a desirable food today it would be uncommon to catch one Coho grow to a length of 3 feet (91 cml and species. although the dorsal meat is over 500 pounds (226.8 kg). COLOR: a weight of 3orunds (13.6 kg] or possibly reported to be palatable. Provides con- Uniform gray. 0 An important species more most in e sport catch average less siderable recreation and teken ell year taken in Suisun. Sen Pablo. San Francisco, than 10 pounds (4.5 kg). COLOR: At sea. throughout most of its range. and Coos bays, the Columbia River estuary. metallic blue green above; silver sides and upper Wdapa Bay, and upper Grays belly: small hleck spots on back, dorsal fm. Harbor. Heavy fishing in the late 1800's for and upper lobe of tail fin; gums et base of 8. THORNBACK. Platyrhinoidis triseri- caviar and smoked sturgeon reduced the teeth white. 0 Ocean trolling for coho at0 (Jordan and Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: population drastically. Today the lower ["silvers") is most successful from near Turtle Bay, Baja California, Mexico. to Columbia River appears to be the center of Fort Bragg. Calif.. northward although central California. Rare north of Point distribution: in the San Francisco area the some are caught in the San Francisco area Conception. SIZE: Length to about 2% feet numbers of sturgeon appear to be in- and a few are taken as far south as Point Calif., area every year. Principal (76 cm). COLOR Brown on back, white or creasing and the fishery is becoming more Mugu, cream colored below. 0 Although taken in popular. Several species of sturgeons exist fisheries for this species are along the fair numbers, they are not the major ob in North America. Some are found only in coasts of Oregon, Washington. and Alaska. jective of most anglers. Common in depths fresh water, and some. like the white Fishing technique used in the ocean is less than 150 feet (45.7 ml. sturgeon. ere anadromous. much the same as for other salmon. 19 maximum weight of 20 pounds (9.1 kg): usual catch is 1 to 3 pounds (0.5-1.4 kg) in weight end 15 to 20 inches (3851 cm) long. COLOR Olive green to brown above with pale-yellow spots; orangered spots on sides. Sea-run fish are silvery. 0 Common to Puget Sound and southeastern Alaska. In some streams there is a seaward migration 14. PINK SALMON, humpback salmon. 17. CUTTHROAT TROUT (sea-run). in spring and an upstream spawning Oncorhynchus gorbuscho (Walbaum). blueback. Columbia River trout. seatrout. migration in fall. DISTRIBUTION Southern California to Solmo clarki Richardson. DISTRIBUTION: northwestern Alaska and along the Asian Eel River, Calif.. to southeastern Alaska, OSMEPIDAE. SMELTS coast. SIZE Reported to reach 2% feet with some running into brackish and salt (76 cm) long and a maximum weight of waters from coastal streams; rarely in the about 12 pounds (5.4 kg). Averages about 6 ocean off California. SIZE: Length pounds (2.7 kg) when mature. COLOR reported up to 2% feet (76 cm); weights Metallic blue above; silvery on sides; oval usually run from 1 to 3 pounds (0.5-1.4 spots on tail and back with many as large kg). COLOR: Greenish blue above; silvery or larger than eye diameter. 0 Smellest of on sides. Identified by a red slash under the five species of salmon. Common to the lower jaw; however. this may not be west coast. but usualIy not common south present in fish migrating from salt of Oregon. Major fisheries for this species water. 0 Best fishing found north of the 20. SURF SMELT. day smelt, silver smelt, are in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. in Puget Columbia River in brackish-water areas. Sound and to the north. Pink salmon surffish. Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard). Spawns February to May in small coastal DISTRIBUTION: Long Beach. Calif.. to usually do not run very far upstream; most streams. young sometimes descend in spawn in the lower parts of rivers. They Prince William Sound, Alaska. SIZE: second or third year and usually remain in Maximum length is about 10 inches (25 cm]; ere unique among Pacific salmon in that all estuaries for 1 or more years before fish mature at the end of their second year. average catch is about 8 inches (20 cm) or returning to spawn. A predator on young less. COLOR: Light olive green; sides Larger runs are reported in odd-numbered salmon in the spring. years in Puget Sound area: in Alaska, runs silver with purple hue. 0 Distinguished occur in both odd- and even-numbered from the night smelt by its small mouth, years. depending on specific area fished. which does not extend beyond a line drawn vertically from the middle of the eye. Best areas for fishing are north of Monterey Bay. Calif. Surf smelt does not spawn south of Scott Creek, Santa Cruz County, Calif. Shore spawning runs occur from March to September during daylight along sandy shores near river mouths. Surf smelt runs are correlated with the tides, and fish are 18. RAINBOW TROUT. steelhead, sea-run rainbow trout, seatrout. salmon trout, usually caught with “A”-frame nets. In the silversides, Salmo gairdneri Richard- north they are taken by jigging from piers in late winter. 15. SOCKEYE SALMON, red salmon. son. DISTRIBUTION: Northern Baja blueback salmon. Oncorhynchus nerko California. Mexico, to Alaska. Bering Sea. (Walbaum). DISTRIBUTION: Southern and Japan, with some running into salt Oregon to northwestern Alaska and water, though not now common south of Asia. SIZE: Length reported up to 2% feet Point Conception. SIZE: Reported to reach (76 cm): weight up to about 5 to 7 pounds 3% feet (107 cm) long and 36 pounds (16.3 (2.3-3.2 kg). COLOR: Greenish blue above. kg) in weight: the usual catch is much with greenish head: silvery on sides. 0 Best smaller, averaging under 10 pounds (4.5 fishing is from northern Oregon to north- kgl. COLOR: At sea. steel blue above, with 21. NIGHT SMELT, surffish. Spirinchus western Alaska and Asia. Spawning season silvery sides. 0 Taken in the estuarine starksi (Fisk]. DISTRIBUTION: Point lasts from March to August: major season areas of both large and small streams, and Arguello. Calif., to Shelikof Bay, is from June to August. Usually enters also off river mouths. Season for fishing Alaska. SIZE: Length reported to about 9 rivers that are fed by lakes. The sockeye most coastal streams is December through inches (23 cm]: usual length of catch is salmon rarely takes a hook so is not a March. usually best after winter rains about 5 to 6 inches (13-15 cm). COLOR: major contributor to the sport catch. result in a breakthrough of the “bar” at the Sides silver; olive green on back. 0 Similar mouth of the stream. In larger and cooler in many respects to surf smelt, but the rivers. spawning run may start earlier in mouth is larger and extends to below the late summer or early fall. Some steelhead posterior edge of the eye. Common to sendy enter certain tributaries in spring or shores (coarse sand) from central summer. and remain through the dry California ta coastal Washington. Night season until the following spring before smelt does not spawn south of Moss spawning. This species spawns more than Landing; Calif. It appears to concentrate in once: some may return to spawn for a much the same areas as the surf or day second or third time. smelt. but spawns during darkness, and 16. CHUM SALMON, dog salmon. fell runs are not adjusted to tides. Method of salmon. Oncorhynchus keto (Walbaum). capture is similar to that used for the surf DISTRIBUTION: Southern California to smelt. northwestern Alaska and Asia. SIZE: Length up to 3% feet (107 cm): average weight of 10 to 12 pounds (4.5-5.4 kd when mature. COLOR: In brackish or salt.water. fish are metallic blue above. sometimes with faint black specks: dark tips on pectoral anal. and caudal fins. 0 Best 19. DOLLY VARDEN. Dolly. Oregon char, areas of fihing are from Washington north redspotted trout. salmon trout. malma trout. 22. EULACHON. candlefish, hooligan, to off British Columbia. near the inshore bull trout. seatrout. Solvelinus molmo smelt, Tholeichthys pocificus (Richard- areas along the Strait of Georgia. The chum (Walbaum). DISTRIBUTION: Northern son). DISTRIBUTION: Bodega Bay. Calif., salmon appears in late summer and fall in California to northwestern Alaska, running to Bering Sea. Alaska. SIZE: Reported to spawning schools. after spending usually into saltwater estuarine areas. SIZE: attain a length of 12 inches (30 about 3 to 5 years et sea. Length reported to 3 feet (91 cm] and cm). COLOR: Uniform light bluish, brown 20 above; silvery on sides and belly. 0 Com- about 7 inches (18 cm): average weight to mon to the coasts of Oregon. Washington, about % pound (0.1 kg) or less. COLOR: and Alaska. Fished with nets about mouths Bluish green above, silver below a lateral of rivers and inlets as the fish migrate metallic band tinged with blue and bor- inshore to spawn in rivers from Mad River. dered above with violet extends length of Calif.. northward to Alaska (March, April. body.OA southern California fmh, not and May). It is a very oily fish. and called common ?iorth of Point Conception. Tends to candlefish because when dried and 27. PACIFk HAKE. Merluccius productus range along sandy shoreline. usually in threaded with a wick it may be used as a (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Cali- water less than 50 feet (15.2 m) deep. Best candle. fornia, Mexico. to Alaska and Asiatic beaches for catching grunion are from Los coast. SIZE: Record length to about 3 feet Angeles south to Mexico. Spawns from (91 cm); most are 1 to 1% feet (30-46 cm) March through August. Beaches itself SMELTS OF LESS IMPORTANCE TO long. COLOR Gray to dusky brown. with a between waves to spawn at night during THE MARINE ANGLER: brassy overtone. 0 Sometimes taken off high tides following the first three to four Oregon and Washington while salmon nights after the full and the dark of the fishing in deep water. It is not a desirable moon. 23. LONGFIN SMELT. Spirinchus sport species, though it is suitable for tholeichthys (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: San eating if prepared promptly. Francisco Bay, Calif., to Prince William Sound. Alaska. SIZE: To abut 6 inches PERCICHTHYIDAE: TEMPERATE (15 cm). COLOR: Sides silver with BASSES brownish dorsal areas. 0 Spawns in ATHEIUNIDAE SILVERSIDES coastal rivers and composes a minor portion of the sport smelt catch.

24. WHITEBAIT SMELT. Allosmerus elongotus (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION San Pedro. Calif., to Strait of Juan de Fuca. COLOR: Sides silver: back green- ish. 0 Similar in appearance to the night smelt, but like the longfin. it composes a minor portion of the total sport catch of 28. JACKSMELT. smelt. Atherinopsis 31. STRIPED BASS. striper. rock bass. smelt. Spawning behavior not known. californiensis Girard. DISTRIBUTION: Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). DISTRI- Santa Maria Bay, Baja California. Mexico, BUTION: Descanso Point, Baja California. to Yaquina Bay, Oreg. SIZE: Reported to Mexico to Barkley Sound British Colum- GADIDAE CODPISHES reach a length of 22 inches (56 cm): most bia. SIZE: Reported up to 6 feet (183 cm) fish caught weight about % pound (0.2 kg) and 125 pounds (56.7 kg) in the Atlantic. or less. COLOR: Dusky green above. sides All-tackle record (Cuttyhunk. Mass.) is 72 silvery; metallic band edged above with pounds (32.7 kg). with a length of 54% blue extends length of body. 0 Commonly inches (138 cm). In the Pacific. reported to found year-round in bays and turbid-water reach about 4 feet (122 cm) and 90 poundk areas. Usually caught in water of lass than (40.8 kg); average catch is less then 10 100 feet (30.5 m]. Known to spawn in bays pounds (4.5 kg). COLOR Brownish gm during winter and spring, sometimes in above silvery on sides and belly; sevm or sizable schools. One of the most abundant eight lateral stripes. 0 Best fishing areas species in the catch of pier anglers in are in Sen Francisco Bey and the 25. PACIFIC COD, true cod. Godus southern and central California. Sacrament&an Joaquin River Delta area macrocephalus Tilesius. DISTRIBUTION: where it was introduced from the east Santa Monica, Calif., to northwestern coast in 1879. Other good fishing spots are Alaska and Asia (Yellow Sea). SIZE: found at Coos Bay, Oreg.. where a separate Length recorded to at least 3% feet (114 population has established inself. This cm) and weight up to 40 pounds (18.1 species sometimes ranges south and north kg). COLOR: Brownish gray above fading along the coast from San Francisco in to lighter below; brown spots on upper summer during years of high sea surface parts; edges of fins white. 0 An excellent temperatures. and is taken by surf anglers as far south as Monterey Bay (occasionally food species commonly available off the 29. TOPSMELT. smelt, Atherinops affinis coast of northern Oregon. Washington. and Morro Bay) and north to the Russian River. (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION Gulf of Cab Migrates from bays and upper tidal areas Alaska. Migrates from deep to shallower fornia. Mexico. to Vancouver Island, British water, though usually caught in water into river systems to spawn. usually in Cdumbia. SIZE: Length to about 14 inches April and May. deeper than 60 feet (18.3 m). Reported to (36 cm); average weight about '/r pound spawn in winter and in early spring and is (0.1 kg). COLOR: Bluish gray to bright abundant in coastal waters at that time. green above. silvery below: metallic band edged above with blue or purple extends length of body. 0 Frequents the same general areas and habitats as the jacksmelt. Fairly common in pier catches along the central California coast. Distinguished from the jacksmelt by placement of the first dorsal fin. which is located farther back, the last rays being opposite the origin of the anal fin. 26. PACIFIC TOMCOD. Microgodus 32. GIANT SEA BASS, black sea bass. proximiis (Cirard). DISTRIBUTION: Point Stereolepis gigas Ayres. DISTRIBUTION: Sal, Calif.. to Unalaska Island. Gulf of California, Mexico. to Humboldt Bay, Calif. SIZE: Recorded up to over 500 Alaska. SIZE: Usually less than 12 inches pounds (226.8 kg) and over 7 feet (213 cm) (30 cm) long and 1 pound (0.5 kg) in weight: long. All-tackle record for the Pacific fish over 2 pounds (0.9 kg) are very rare. COLOR: Olive or brownish above: [Anacapa Island. Calif.) is 56B% pounds white on sides and belly. Abundant from (258.0 kg). with a length of 7 feet 5 inches 0 (226.1 cm). Some live to a very old age: a San Francisco north and taken by pier. 30. CALIFORNIA GRUNION, Leuresthes jetty. and skiff anglers. A good food tenuis (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION Magdale 435pound (197.3-kg) fish was determined to species, but sometimes discarded because na Bay, Baja California, Mexico. to San be between 72 and 75 years old. of its small size. Francisco Bay, Calif. SIZE: Length to COLOR Dark brown to gray with blackish 21 hue above becoming lighter below: iuveniles yellow tail: white below. 0 A major sport have dark spots on sides. 0 In recent years species in southern California, frequently the population level of this species is much taken at the Coronado Islands and off Baja reduced in southern California. Best fishing California. Mexico. as well as around is found about Anacapa Island and near Catalina Island and around kelp beds off kelp beds from La Jolla. Calif.. south along San Diego north along the coast to the Baja California. Mexico, and in the Gulf of Sante Barbara Channel Islands. It is a California. Large fish prefer rocky bottom, migratory pelagic species. occurring during iust outside kelp beds and along drop offs summer and early fall in southern in water 115 to 150 feet (35.145.7 m) deep. California. Small fish can be found over sandy araas around and in the kelp in shallower water 35. BARRED SAND BASS. sand bass, of about 40 to 70 feet (12.2-21.3 m) deep. sugar bass, ground bass. Poralobrox nebulifer (Girard). DISTRiBUTION: Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico, to Santa Cruz, Calif. SIZE: Length to about SERRANIDAE: SEA BASSES 25% inches (65 cm). COLOR Dark gray to greenish brown on back, with vertical irregular dusky bands: paler below: golden- brown spots on cheeks and snout. ODistinguished from the kelp bass by the long third dorsal spine. Commonly caught 38. JACK MACKEREL. Spanish mackerel. over nearshore sandy bottom flats, in bays, horse mackerel. saurel. Trochurus sym- and near kelp beds and rocky areas in metricus [Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: Baia southern California. Best catches are California, Mexico. to southeastern Alaska. during summer. and offshore out to 500 miles. SIZE: Length usually to about 1 foot (30 cm): reported to 32 inches cm). COLOR: 33. KELP BASS. calico bass. bull bass. (81 Parolobrox clothrotus (Girard). DIS- BRANCHIOSTEGIDAE: TILEFISHES Iridescent bluish green. mottled on back TRIBUTION Magdalena Bav. Baia Cali- becoming lighter on sides and fading to fornia. Mexico. to Columbia River. silvery below. 0 A major commercial species and an important sport fish in Greatest weight recorded is 14% SIZE: southern California. Frequently taken from pounds (6.6 kg) and a length to 28 inches sport boats and sometimes from jetties and (71 cm). They are reported to attain an age piers in southern California. In its northern of 20 years or mora. COLOR: Olive or brownish above with sides mottled with range it is sometimes taken from piers. Best angular lighter shaded areas, becoming fishing is July through September. silvery below belly and fins tinged with yellow. 0 Common from Point Conception, Calif.. to Baja California, Mexico, in coastal 36. OCEAN WHITEFISH. whiting. blan- CORYPHAENIDAE DOLPHINS kelp beds. A major game species about kelp quillo. Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns). beds in southern California and a good food DISTRIBUTION Peru to Vancouver Island, 39. fish. Nonmigratory, spawning April through British Columbia. SIZE: Weights recorded the fall in and near kelp over rough bottom. up to 12 pounds (5.4 kg): however, 3 to 5 MALE Distinguished from the barred sand bass in pounds (1.42.3 kg) is normal. COLOR: that the third. fourth, and fifth dorsal Rich brown to yellowish on back becoming spines are about the same length, whereas lighter below with light spots on sides: the third dorsal spine of the barred sand yellow edging on fms: dorsal and anal fms bass is much longer than the other spines. with blue stripe; pectoral bluish with yellow stripe. 0 Frequently caught from Point Conception. Calif., south to off Mexico. Usual depths of fishing are from 30 to 300 feet (9.1-91.4 m) over rocky bottom. Good FEMALE fishing around southern California islands and offshore banks such as Cortez and Tanner banks. Best fishing is spring through fall.

CARANGIDAE: JACKS AND POM- PANOS

34. SPO'ITED SAND BASS. Poralabrox 39. DOLPHIN, mahimahi, dorado, Cory- maculotofasciotus (Steindachner). phoeno hippurus Linnaeus. DIS- DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of California and TRIBUTION: Tropical and temperate seas. Mazatlin. Mexico, to Monterey Bay. Recorded off the west coast from Chile Calif. SIZE: Length to about 22 inches (56 north to off Grays Harbor, Wash. SIZE: cm]. COLOR: Greenish to olive brown All-tackle record for the Atlantic (Spanish above. becoming white below, with black Wells. Bahema Islands) is 85 pounds (38.6 spots on body and fms. 0 A sandy-shore kg) and 69 inches long (175.3 cm). In the and near-offshore species in southern 37. YELLOWTAIL, juarel. white salmon. Pacific, weight reported to 45 pounds (20.4 California. Commonly caught in bays and amberjack, Seriolo dorsolis (Gill). kg) and length to 6 feet (183 cm). COLOR: around harbor entrances. DISTRIBUTION: Chile to southern Brilliant blue or blue green above: sides Washington. SIZE: Usual weight about 10 bright golden yellow spotted with bright- to 20 pounds (4.5-9.1 kg); record fish in the blue and white-green spots: white be- California-Mexico area reported to about 5 low. When dying, this fish will flash many feet (152 cm) long weighing 80 pounds (36.3 rapidly changing colors. 0 During some kg). AU-tackle record for the Pacific (Bay of years having warmer water they are taken Islands. New Zealand) is 111 pounds (50.3 in fair numbers while surface trolling for kg) and 62 inches (157.5 cm)long. COLOR: striped marlin off San Diego. Calif. A Bright metallic blue to brownish green brilliantly colored fish and an excellent above, yellow lateral stripe from eye to fighter. 22 POMADASYIDAE: GRUNTS deep olive: fins mostly yellow. Usually kg). COLOR: Silver with a brownish caught in shallow water over sandy bottom brassy luster above, becoming lighter in the surf zone, and in bays and sloughs. It below: fins yellowish [except pelvics). is a migratory species. and best fishing is in OAbundant in shallow bays and late summer. especially at Newport Beach lagoons from San Francisco. Calif.. south. and San Onofre. Calif. Also taken in and just outside the surf mne over sandy bottom. usually at depths of 10 to 80 feet (3.lX18.3 m): seldom caught at depths over 200 feet (61.0 m]. Good food fish though small in size.

40. SARGO. china croaker. Anisotremus dovidsoni (Steindachner). DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of California, Mexico, to Santa Cruz, 43. CALIFORNIA CORBINA. corvina, Calif.. rare north of Point Conception, California whiting, surffish. Menticirrhus Calif. SIZE: Reported to attain 23 inches undulotus (Girard). DISTRIBUTION Gulf (58 cm) and 4 pounds (1.8 kg]: however, of California, Mexico. to Point Conception, most angler-caught sargo are much smaller Calif. SIZE: Reaches a length of about 2% than -this. COLOR: Silver with grayish feet (76 cm) or more and is reported to 46. QUEENFISH, herring, Seriphus politus tinge on back; edge of gill cover black dark reach a weight of 8 pounds (3.6 Ayres. DISTRIBUTION: Off Magdalena spot on base of fin: vertical bar extending kg). COLOR: Gray to steel blue with Bay. Baja California, Mexico. to Yaquina down from middorsal fin area. 0 Found silvery luster on back, paling to white Bay. Oreg. Rare north of Monterey. nearshore and in bays. common to shallow below: sometimes has a wavy diagonal line Calif. SIZE. Reaches a length of 1 foot (30 waters with rocky bottom, or about piers. on sides. 0 The corbina is a surf-zone cm). COLOR: Bluish above, silvery below; Best fishing during summer. species common from Point Conception fins yellowish. 0 Known to occur in schools south along sandy shores. The area from in shallow-water areas over sandy bottom. Long Beach (Belmont Shores) to San Diego Common in bays and sloughs. Not a par- is reported to have the best fishing. Corbina ticularly desirable sport species: however, SCIAENIDAE: DRUMS are found inshore during summer and are it provides considerable recreation to the believed to range into deeper water during southern California angler. winter. Best fishing is July to October. An excellent food species. 47. BLACK CROAKER, black bass. blue bass, china croaker, Cheilotremo soturnum (Girard). DISTRIBUTION Megdelena Bay. Baja California, Mexico, to Point Con- ception, Calif. SIZE: Length to about 15 inches (38 cm). COLOR: Adults are bluish or dusky black with a coppery sheen above: silver below with dark specks: gill cover 41. WHITE SEABASS, Catalina salmon, edged with black: pelvic fins black. seatrout. croaker, Cynoscion nobilis OSomewhat rare and taken only (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION Magdalena Bay, irregularly by southern California anglers. Baja California, Mexico, to Juneau, Alaska. SIZE: Length to 5 feet inches 5% 44. SPOTFIN CROAKER, golden croaker. cm) and weight of pounds (166.4 83% (38.0 Roncodor steornsi (Steindachner). DIS kg)-an all-tackle record for a fish caught KWHOSIDAE: SEA CHUBS TRIBUTION: Mazatlan, Mexico, to Point near San Felipe. Mexico. Average catch is Conception. Calif. SIZE: Reported to reach 5 to kg). COLOR: Steel 25 pounds (2.3-11.3 a length of at least inches cm) and a blue to gray above with gold highlights, 27 (69 weight of 10% pounds (4.8 kg). COLOR: silvery below. Young have several dark Silver gray with bluish luster above. vertical bars. 0 A prized game fish and becoming white below: dark spot at base of excellent food species. Caught along the pectoral fin. 0 This species is common coast northward from Baja California. south of the San PedreLong Beach. Calif.. Mexico, to central California. Most are area and is fished along sandy beaches and caught near the mainland shore over sandy in bays. Known to congregate in "holes" bottom or around the edges of kelp beds; outside the surf zone. Spawns offshore in also near the kelp beds about Catalina and summer and tends to be a coastal San Clemente islands. Young white seabass migratory species. Late summer is best time are commonly taken close to shore in for fishing. southern California. 48. HALFMOON. Catalina perch. blue perch, Medioluno coliforniensis (Stein- dachner). DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Cali- fornia, Mexico to Klamath River, Calif. SIZE: Maximum recorded length is 19 inches (48 cm) with a weight to near 5 pounds (2.3 kg]. although the usual catch is much smaller in size. COLOR: Slate colored to dark blue above, becoming paler blue and mottled on sides and below. 0 A popular fish with the rocky shore angler. 42. YELLOWFIN CROAKER, Catalina Best fishing is along the coast of southern croaker. Umbrino roncodor Jordan and 45. WHITE CROAKER, kingfish. tomcod. California end about its offshore islands. Gilbert. DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of California. roncky. Genyonemus lineotus (Ayres). Common to rocky shores and kelp beds. Mexico, to Point Conception. Calif. SIZE: DISTRIBUTION: Magdalena Bay, Baja Best depths for fishing are from near the Length recorded to about 18 inches (46 cm) California, Mexico. to Vancouver Island surface to 100 feet (30.5 m). and up to 3 pounds (1.4 kgl. COLOR: Gray British Colcmbia. SIZE Average weight of to iridescent blue, sometimes metallic green angler catch is usually less than 1 pound with a brassy luster above, shading to (0.5 kg). Largest recorded size was 15% silvery white below; wavy lines on sides inches (39 cml and about 1% pounds (0.7 23 in southern California: most abundant along the coast from Morro Bay. Calif.. south into Mexico. A very important game fish in the sandy surf mne where it congregates in bottom depressions. Shore fishing is best from December to March.

49. OPALEYE. bluseye perch, black perch, button perch. Catalina perch, blue bass, blacksmith. Girello nigricons 54. SILVER SURFPERCH. silver perch, (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: Cape San Lucas. Hyperprosopon ellipticum (Gibbons). Baia California. Mexico. to San Francisco, DISTRIBUTION: Rio San Vicente. Baja Calif. SIZE: Record size reported to be California, Mexico. to Vancouver Island, about 25% inches (64 cm) and weight to British Columbia. SIZE: Reaches a 13% pounds (6.1 kg); average size is less maximum length of about 10% inches (27 than 4 pounds (1.8 kgl. COLOR: Greenish cm). Most catches are much smaller and blue to olive above. becoming paler below: average weight is about onstenth of 1 eye opalescent blue green: young with one pound (0.05 kg). COLOR: Metallic dark or two white spots on back at base of 52. CALICO SURFPERCH, Amphistichus gray above. silver on sides and belly; dusky dorsal fin. 0 Best fishing areas are south koelzi [Hubbsl. DISTRIBUTION: Northern bars on sides; tail usually pink. 0 This of Point Conception. Calif., near rocky Baja California, Mexico, to Shi Shi Beach, small surfperch is another sandy-shore areas located near kelp beds. Common from Wash. SIZE: Average weight is near 1 species taken by surf anglers. Similar in the surface to about 60 to 100 feet (18.3- pound (0.5 kgl; maximum recorded length is appearance to the walleye surfperch: 30.5 m) below the surface. Spawns during over 11 inches (28 cm). COLOR: Light olive however. it does not have black-tipped April. May. and lune. above. fading to silver below: brownish pelvic fins. specks forming irregular crossbars; sometimes brassy luster on head and EMBIOTOCIDAE: SURFPERCHES belly. 0 Common in central California from Morro Bay to the San Francisco area. Beaches in the Monterey Bay erea are reported to offer excellent fishing for this species. Caught in the sandy surf zone and frequently appears in the pier catch.

55. BLACK SURFPERCH, black perch, bay perch, Embiotoco jocksoni Agassiz. DISTRIBUTION: Point Abreojos, Baja 50. REDTAIL SURFPERCH. porgy. Amphi- California. Mexico. to Fort Bragg. stichus rhodoterus (Agassiz). DIS- Calif. SIZE: Usual weight about W pound TRIBUTION: Monterey Bay, Calif., to (0.3 kg): known to reach a length of 15% Vancouver Island. British Columbia. SIZE: inches (39 cm). COLOR: Variable, dark Length reported up to 16 inches (41 olive green to light reddish brown cm). COLOR: Light olive green above, sometimes tinged with red or yellow oc- silver sides and belly; orange to brassy casionally with blue stripes formed by small bars alternating across lateral line: light blue crescents in the middle of each scale; red to purple caudal. anal, and pelvic 53. WALLEYE SURFPERCH. Hyperpro- anal and pelvic fins often reddish fins. 0 Primarily a sandy-shore species, sopon orgenteum Gibbons. DISTRI- orange. 0 Common to rocky coasts near abundant in the surf zone from northern BUTION: Point San Rosarito, Baja kelp areas; also found around piers. pilings, California northward. Best catches around California. Mexico. to Vancouver Island. and in coastal bays. A shallow-water the mouths of streams and during spring. British Columbia. SIZE: Usual length is species, only rarely taken in sandy surf. Sometimes taken from piers and jetties near from 4 to 6 inches (1@15 cm) with a record inlets. length of about 12 inches (30 cm). Average weight is a little over % pound (0.1 kg). COLOR: Metallic gray above fading to silver on sides and belly; dusky bars sometimes present on sides; usually identified by its large eyes and black-tipped pelvic fins. 0 Found mostly over sandy bottom near rocky areas. Probably the most abundant surfperch common to the open rocky coast and in bays. A shallow-water species and a dominant one in pier catches. 56. STRIPED SURFPERCH, Embiotoco loterolis Agassiz. DISTRIBUTION: Point 51. BARRED SURFPERCH. Amphistichus Cabras. Baja California, Mexico, to Port orgenteus Agassiz. DISTRIBUTION: Playa Wrangel. Alaska. SIZE: Average weight Maria Bay, Baja California, Mexico, to little over 1 pound (0.5 kg); maximum length Bodega Bay. Calif. SIZE: Usual size caught recorded 15 inches (38 cm). COLOR: Red by the angler is 1 to 2 pounds (0.50.9 kg) blue. and yellow stripes along scale rows with a record catch of 17 inches (43 cm) over coppery background on body; head and 4% pounds (2.0 kg). COLOR: Olive with blue spots and stripes: pelvic fins green to yellow green on back. silvery dusky. 0 This colorful surfperch is com- below. vertical bars on sides with in- monly caught around rocky shores, near termittent spots. 0 The major surf species pilings. or bulkheads in bays: frequently 24 found in kelp bed areas. An important sport central and southern California and is 64. SHARPNOSE SuRppwcH, Phonerodon species along the northern California, usually caught from piers in bays. or off otripes (Jordan and Gilbert). DIS Oregon. Washington, and British Columbia jetties at harbor entrances. generally over TRIBUTION: San Benito Island. Baja coasts. sandy bottom. California. Mexico. to Bodega Bay, CaliS. SIZE: Length to 12% inchen (32 an). COLOR Silvery with dusky speckling on back; thin black he at baw of wf~ dorsal fh pelvic fins white. 0 Similar in appearance to the white surfperch.

65. PINK SURFPERCH. Zolembius rosoceus uordan and Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: San Cristobal Bay. Baja California. Mexico. to central California. SIZE: Length is reported to be to 8 inches (20 cm]. COLOR Distinguished by its my-red coloration; pink brown on upper body; two 57. RUBBERLIP SURFPERCH. Ahocochilus 60. RAINBOW SURFPERCH. Hypsurus brown spots under the dorsal fin.OA toxotes Agassiz. DISTRIBUTION: Turtle coryi (Agassiz). DISTRIBUTION Santo deepwater species feet or Q.1-91.4 Bay, Baja California, Mexico. to Russian (30-300 Tomas. Baja California. Mexico, to Cape m) . Gulch, Calif. SIZE: Length recorded to Mendocino. Calif. SIZE: Average weight 18% inches (47 cm). COLOR: Variable, about % pound (0.2 kg): known to reach a often brown to dusky blue above. shading length of 16 inches (41 cm). COLOR Vivid LABPIDAE: WRASSES to tanish silver on belly. fins dark except horizontal stripes of red orange, and blue for pectorals, which are often pale orange on sides; irregular streaks of sky blue and yellow: lips are a distinctive light 66. or orange on head; pelvic fins bright blue and pink. 0 An excellent food species, and one red orange. 0 Found in rocky ereas along of the more desirable of the surfperches. the open coast and in bays in California. Central and southern California are the Few are caught south of the Los Angeles best fishing areas. Found near rocky areas area. Similar to black perch in that they and in bays around pilings or other un- are rarely caught in sandy surf areas. derwater structures.

66. CALIFORNIA SHEEPHEAD, redfish. 58. PILE SURFPERCH. Domolichthys vacco 61. SHINER SURFPERCH. yellow shiner, humpy. fathead, Pimelometopon pulchrum [Girard). DISTRIBUTION: Guadalupe Cymotogaster oggregoto Gibbons. DIS (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION Gulf of Cali- Island, Baja California. Mexico, to Port TRIBUTION: San Quintin Bay, Baja Cal. fornia, Mexico, to Monterey Bay. Calif.; Wrangel, Alaska. SIZE: Average weight is ifornia. Mexico to Port Wrangel. Alas uncommon north of Point Conception. about 1% pounds (0.6 kg); maximum ka. SIZE: Usually less than 4 inches Calif. SIZE. Length to about 3 feet (91 cm) recorded length is slightly over 17 inches (10 cm) long. Maximum weight about '/j and weight up to 36% pounds (16.4 (43 cm). COLOR Variable, from brown to pound (0.2 kg): length about 8 inches (20 kg). COLOR Adult males have a black gray black above. silvery to dusky on sides: cm). COLOR: Dusky back with sides and head and tail and a red band on the dark vertical bar on midbody: fins dusky belly silver; three vertical yellow bars midsection: chin is white on both sexes. tipped. 0 This species is common, as its below lateral line. 0 Abundant and one of Adult females are dull red or brownish name indicates, to pilings, piers. and other the most easily caught surfperch. Ranges red. 0 Best fishing is in coastal kelp beds shallow-water obstructions in coastal bays. from nearshore to depths of over 200 feet and about the offshore islands south of Sometimes it is taken from kelp areas and (61 m]: more common to shallow inshore Point Conception at depths of 50 to 100 feet near rocky shores. Best fishing areas are areas around piers and pilings and near eel (15.2-30.5 m). A fatty hump develops on the found north of Point Conception to Van- grass sloughs. male's forehead during breeding season. couver Island, British Columbia. SURFPERCHES OF LESS IMPORTANCE WRASSES OF LESS XWORTANCE TO TO THE MARINE ANGLER: THE MARINE ANGLER:

62. KELP SURFPERCH, Brochyistius 67. ROCK WRASSE, Holichoeres sen& frenotus Gill. DISTRIBUTION. Turtle Bay. cinctus (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION Gulf of Baja California, Mexico, to Vancouver California, Mexico, to Point Conception. Island. British Columbia. SIZE: Length Calif. SIZE: Length reported up to 5 inches about 8% inches (22 cm). COLOR Golden (13 cm]. COLOR Greenish brown: dusky brown to reddish brown on back. becoming vertical bars: male with dark-blue bar copper red below fins light red. 0 A minor under pectoral fin. 0 Found over rocky game species. found off rocky coasts in kelp bottom. but is of minor importance to sport 59. WHITE SURFPERCH, Phanerodon beds. anglers, if not undesirable, due to its habit furcatus Girard. DISTRIBUTION: Point of snatching bait from the hook. Cabras. Baja California, Mexico. to Van- 63. SPOTFIN SURFPERCH, Hyperprosopon couver Island, British Columbia. SIZE: onole Agassiz. DISTRIBUTION Blanca 68. SEGORITA. Oxyjulis colifornico Length up to 1 foot (30 cm): average weight Bay, Baja California, Mexico. to Seal Rock. (Giinther). DISTRIBUTION: Central Baja about % pound (0.2 kg). COLOR: Silvery Oreg. SIZE: Length to 6 inches (15 California. Mexico. to central Califor with dusky speckling on back. sometimes cm). COLOR Body silver with dusky color nia. SIZE: Length to 10 inches (25 with a rosy-orange luster; fins yellowish on back; two large black spots on dorsal cm). COLOR: Reddish orange above. white with dusky edge on tail fin: black line and anal fins. 0 Taken occasionally by yellow below black area on caudal fin along base of soft dorsal fin. 0 Common to anglers. but generally of minor importance. base. 0 A long slender wrasse. very 25 abundant within its range, but like the rock Alaska. SIZE: Reported to reach a length 74. wrasse, is considered a pest because it of 5 feet (152 cm) and a weight of 93 often steals bait intended for more pounds (42.2 kg). A record sport-caught fish desirable species. off California coast was reported to weigh 66% pounds (30.0 kg). All-tackle record for a fish caught off Cape Point, South Africa, SPHYRAEMDAE: BARRACUDAS weighed 70 pounds (31.8 kg) with a length of 50% inches (128.3 cm). COLOR: Dark steel blue or gray blue on back becoming silver gray on sides and belly; narrow-white 74. PACIFIC BONITO, bonehead, Sordo 69. border on caudal fin. 0 Best sport fishing chiliensis lineolota (Girard]. DISTRI- is July through September (August best) BUTION: Baja California to Gulf of offshore in southern California. Some sport Alaska. SIZE: Reported to reach a weight anglers fish for albacore off central and of 25 pounds (11.3 kg) and a length of 40 northern California and Oregon in August inches (102 cm]: however, the usual weight and September. Albacore is a migratory of sport-caught bonito is 1 to 4 pounds (1.8 69. PACIFIC BARRACUDA. California pelagic species that tends to inhabit the kg and under). COLOR: Metallic blue barracuda. scooter. barry. Sphyroeno clearer offshore California Current waters green to violet on back, fading to silver on orgenteo Girard. DISTRIBUTION: Cape that lie outside the greenish-colored sides and below: dark oblique stripes on San Lucas. Baja California, Mexico, to nearshore coastal waters. back. 0 A pelagic migratory schooling Kodiak Island. Alaska: however. it is not species commonly caught by trolling and common north of Point Conception, live bait casting off southern California Calif. SIZE: Record weight is reported to during summer and fall. Trolling is best off be about 18 pounds (8.2 kg). and a length of kelp beds and along the coast from Point about 4 feet (122 cm]. COLOR Grayish Dume to La Jolla. Calif., and about Catalina. black with a blue tinge on back, and silvery San Clemente. and the Coronado islands. or white on sides and belly: tail Successful fishing depends on higher sea yellowish. 0 A major game species in temperatures off southern California. southern California, and sometimes caught farther north off Avila. Calif., in summer. Usually caught by trolling or casting live bait near the mainland coast or about the 72. YELLOWFIN TUNA. Allison tuna. southern California islands. Summer is the Thunnus albacores (Bonnaterre]. DIS best fishing season. Young fish are usually TRIBUTION Cosmopolitan in tropical and found closer to shore than the adults. subtropical seas, Hawaiian Islands, east- ern Pacific from Chiie to Point Buchon. Calif. SIZE: Reported to 450 pounds (204.1 kg); however. catches are rarely over 125 STICHAEIDAE: PRICKLEBACKS pounds (56.7 kg). All-tackle record in the Pacific (San Benedicto Island, Mexico] is 75. CHUB MACKEREL, Pacific mackerel, zebra. greenback. striped mackerel, 308 pounds (139.7 kg). with a length of 84 70. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn. DISTRI- inches (213.4 cm]. COLOR: Dark metallic blue above. fading into silver gray below: BUTION: Chile to the Gulf of Alaska iridescent yellow band running from head and transpacific. SIZE: Average size of to tail. Fins lengthen with age and are fish caught by anglers is about 1 pound (0.5 tinged with yellow. Irregular white dots kg). The record length is reported to be 25 form bars on belly of younger fish. This inches (64 cm) and a weight of near 6% 0 pounds (2.9 kg). COLOR Dark green to 70. MONKEYFACE PRICKLEBACK. species rarely enters the sport fishery off southern California in the summer, and blue above with dark wavy bars on back, monkeyface eel. blenny ael. Cebidichthys shading into iridescent silvery on violoceus (Girard]. DISTRIBUTION: San then only during years having very high sea sides. 0 A pelagic schooling species Quintin Bay, Baja California. Mexico, to surface temperatures. Although not often commonly caught near the coast off Crescent City, Calif. SIZE: Length to 30 caught off southern California, it is much sought after by US. anglers off the coast of southern California. Fishing is good all year inches (76 cm]. COLOR: Uniform dull when abundant; however. the Pacific black, sometimes with reddish spots on Mexico. mackerel resource is now at a low level sides: two dark bars below eye. 0 Common and catches are reduced. Best fishing is in in rocky intertidal areas out to 80 feet (24.4 m). inhabiting deep rocky pols between the summer and fall. tide lines in crevices or holes in the rocks. Algae seems to be its primary food. although it also will take shrimp and other XIPHIIDAE. SWORDFISHES marine invertebrates. Most are caught by poke-polers-anglers who poke a baited hook into tide-pool crevices during low tide.

SCOMBRIDAE: MACKERELS AND 73. BLUEFIN TUNA, Thunnus thynnus TUNAS orientolis (Temminck and Schlegel). DISTRIBUTION: In the eastern Pacific from Peru to Shelikof Straits, Alaska, and west 76. SWORDFISH. broadbill. Xiphios to Asia (Kuril Islands]. SIZE: Recorded glodius Linnaeus. DISTRIBUTION: weight to 297 pounds (134.7 kg] in Pacific; Worldwide in warm seas; from Chile to however. most angler-caught bluefin are in Oregon in the eastern Pacific. SIZE: The the range of 10 to 40 pounds (4.5-18.1 weight of most swordfish caught off kg). COLOR: Deep blue above, silvery on southern California by anglers is within the sides and white below; irregular white range of 150 to 300 pounds (68.1-136.1 kg). spots on belly. 0 Excellent game species, All-tackle record in the Pacific (Iquique. sometimes taken off southern California in Chile) is 1.182 pounds (536.2 kg] with a 71. ALBACORE, longfin tuna. Thunnus summer. though not in great numbers. A length of 14 feet 11 inches (454.8 ololunga (Bonnaterre). DISTRIBUTION: pelagic schooling species. with popular cm). COLOR: Dark gray above, fading to Temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean: in fishing areas off Santa Monica Bay and silver gray or gray yellow on belly. 0 In the Pacific Ocean. from Gualalupe Island, Oceanside. Calif.. and about Catalina. San southern California, this excellent food fish Baja California. Mexico, to southeast Clemente. and the Coronado islands. is harpooned commercially and taken by 26 sport anglers during summer into fall by SCOXPAENIDAE: SCORPIONFISHES hook and line. It is usually associated with islands and banks. mouths of undersea canyons. and steep submarine ridges. Swordfishing is becoming a popular sport off southern California.

ISTIOPHOBIDAE BILLFISHES

81. COPPER ROCKFISH. Sebastes courinus Richardson. DISTRIBUTION: Monterey. Calif., to Kenai Peninsula. Alaska. SIZE. Record length reported to be about 22% 79. BLUE ROCKFISH. priestfish. bluefish. inches (57 cm). Average weight is about 2% blue perch, Sebostes mystinus (Jordan and pounds (1.1 kg). COLOR: Dark olive or 77. STRIPED MARLIN, Tetropturus oudax Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: Point Santo brown back with darker mottlings. all over (Philippi]. DISTRIBUTION Throughout the Tomas. Baja California, Mexico, to Bering a coppery-brown tinge with a pale stripe warmer waters of the Indian and Pacific Sea. Alaska. SIZE: Record length is near along lateral line of rear twc-thirds cf body. oceans. In the eastern Pacific from Chile to 21 inches (53 cm): most catches are less Very similar to the whitebelly rockfish. Point Conception, Calif. SIZE: Known to than 15 inches (38 cm). COLOR Dark blue Sebostes vexilloris. which differs slightly in reach a weight of 350 pounds (158.8 kg) above, shading to lighter below with light- coloration and has a more southerly range and a length of 12 feet (366 cm). Average blue mottling; fins uniformly blackish. (San Benito Islands. Baje California. north weight of fish caught off San Diego is 110 to Young are reddish up to 2% inches (6 cm) to Crescent City. Calif.). 0 Young inhabit 140 pounds (49.463.5 kg). All-tackle record long. 0 Often confused with black rock- shallow water. adults deeper water. in the Pacific (Cape Brett, New Zealand) is fish, but distinguished by the slanted or Common off the coast of northern 394 pounds (178.7 kg) with a length of 134 straight anal fin. and absence of spots on California, Oregon, and Washington to the inches (340.4 cm). COLOR Dark purplish dorsal fin. A shallow-water species usually Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. blue above. fading to silvery below: dorsal found around rocky or kelp areas; however. and anal fin cobalt blue; sides with light- they do range in depth to 200 or 300 feet blue stripes. 0 This species is pelagic in (61.Cb91.4 m). Best fishing from central habitat and is found throughout the tropical California ports such as Morro Bay and and subtropical Pacific. This is the major Monterey Bay and north to off Oregon an8 billfish species caught off southern Washington. California during summer and fall (mid- August to midSeptember usually best). Caught by trolling baits or lures.

STROMATEIDAE: BUTTERFISHES 82. OLIVE ROCKFISH. kelp yellowtail. kelp salmon. bass rockfish. sugar bass. Sebostes serronoides (Eigenmann and Eigen- mann). DISTRIBUTION: San Benito Islands. Baja California, Mexico, to Redding Rock, Calif. SIZE: Reported to reach a length of 24 inches (81 cm);usual length is 6 to 12 inches (15-30 cm) and weight is 80. BLACK ROCKFISH. black snapper. usually less than 2 pounds (0.9 black bass, bass rockfish, nero. cherna. kg). COLOR Olive brown above, fading to Sebastes rnelanops Girard. DIS- lighter on belly; whitish blotches on back TRIBUTION Paradise Cove, Calif., to under dorsal fin. 0 Common to shallow Amchitka Island. Alaska. SIZE: Usual water (50100 feet or 15.2-30.5 m) around 78. PACIFIC POMPANO, butterfish. weight of adults ranges to about 3 pounds kelp beds and rocky bottom areas. Good Peprilus simillimus (Ayres). DIS- (1.4 kg) and length is reported up to 23% fishing from central California south. Best TRIBUTION: Magdalena Bay, Baja inches (60 cm). COLOR: Black with gray fishing is along the southern California California. Mexico, to the mouth of Fraser mottling on sides shading to a white belly; coast and about the offshore islands. Often River, British Columbia. SIZE: Length to black spots above the base of the spiny confused with the yellowtail rockfish and about 11 inches (28 cm). COLOR: dorsal fin; fins dark gray. 0 Often confused kelp bass; however. if the number of soft Iridescent silver green on back, becoming with the blue rockfish, but distinguished rays in the anal fin is nine (instead of six to silvery on sides and belly. 0 Commonly from it by the large mouth, rounded anal eight) it is very probably an olive rockfish. caught off southern and central California fin, and spots on dorsal fin. This species is See also kelp bass for differences in dorsal throughout the yaar. Usually found over abundant off northern California and fin shape. sandy bottom. Frequently caught in bays Oregon, frequenting shallow-water reefs during late summer end fall. offshore in and commonly caught around kelp beds. It I deeper water for the rest of the year. An is sometimes taken by salmon trolling over 83. excellent food species. deep offshore rocky areas.

83. KELP ROCKFISH. gopher rockfish. garrupa, Sebastes otrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: Point San Pablo. Baja California. Mexico. to Timber Cove. Calif. SIZE: Usual weight is about 1 pound 27 (0.5 kg): maximum length is reported to be 89. near 17 inches (43 cm). COLOR: Mottled olive brown over lighter shades: throat yellow; head and body covered with dark speckles. 0 As its name implies. this species is common around kelp beds and also found around rocky reefs. Younger fish are usually caught farther inshore in shallower water than the adults. Distinguished from the grass rockfish by the long gill rakers which are long and slender, not short and stubby as those of the grass rockfish. 86. CHINA ROCKFISH. cefalutano. gopher, 89. BROWN ROCKFISH, bolina. Sebastes Sebostes nebulosus Ayres. DISTRI- ouriculotus Girard. DISTRIBUTION: BUTION: San Miguel Island, Calif.. north to Central Baja California, Mexico, to southeastern Alaska. SIZE: Average southeastern Alaska. SIZE: Length to 21 weight about 2 pounds (0.9 kg): record inches (53 cm). COLOR: Brown with light- length to 17 inches (43 cm). COLOR: brown mottling; dusky pink on fins and Broad bright yellowish stripe from dorsal lower part of head: dark brown blotch on fin area along lateral line on each side of gill cover. 0 Common around wharf pilings blue-black body. with white spot- and rocky areas in shallow water out to ting. 0 Occurs nearshore and in water about 180 feet (54.9 m) from central depths of 120 feet (36.6 m) or less. Caught California north, and fairly abundant in 84. GRASS ROCKFISH. kelp rockfish. over rocky bottom, sometimes in association Sen Francisco Bay and Puget Sound. scomoda. Sebostes rastrelliger (Jordan and with gopher, kelp. and grass rockfishes. Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION Playa Maria Bay, Baja California. Mexico, to Yaquina Bay. Oreg. SIZE. Weight is usually less than 2 pounds (0.9 kg), with a record length reported to be about 22 inches (56 cm). COLOR: Dark green with light-green mottling above with lighter green or brown below: fins olive green with pelvic and pectoral fms tipped with red. 0 Sometimes confused with the kelp rockfish. (See kelp rockfish for distinguishing characters.) This species is taken along the coast in shallow waters with best fishing off central California southward along the coast. Commonly caught in waters of 100 feet 87. CALICO ROCKFISH. Sebostes dalli 90. QUILLBACK ROCKFISH, orange- (30.5 m) or lass. over or near kelp beds or (Eigenmann and Beeson). DISTRIBUTION: spotted rockfish, yellow-backed rockfish, rocky areas. The young are frequently Viscaino Bay. Baja California. Mexico, to brown rockfish, speckled rockfish, Sebastes caught from piers. San Francisco, Calif. SIZE: Usually small. maliger (Jordan and Gilbert). DIS- Average weight 1% pounds 10.6 kg): TRIBUTION Point Sur, Calif., to Gulf of maximum length 8 to 10 inches (2025 Alaska. SIZE: Length to 24 inches (61 cm). COLOR: Greenish yellow with cm). COLOR: Slate brown with yellow irregular brown bars and blotches on sides mottling on back and on dorsal fin; orange forming oblique bars: brown spots and spotting on ventral surface. 0 Common in streaks on tail fin. 0 Common to southern the northern part of its range where it California. with some taken off central tends to frequent inlets and shallow-water California. Occurs in water 60 to 840 feet rockpiles. Fairly abundant in Puget Sound. (18.3-256.0 m) deep. This species. however, does not appear to be greatly abundant in any one area. 85. YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH, green BROWN ROCKFISHES OF LESS snapper. giolo. gialoto. cherne. yellowtail. IMPORTANCE TO THE MARINE ANGLER: Sebostes flovidus (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: San Diego. Calif.. to Kodiak Island Alaska. SIZE: Average weight about 1% 91. SILVERGRAY ROCKFISH. Sebastes to 2 pounds (0.7-0.9 kg): length reported to brevispinis (Bean). DISTRIBUTION: Santa 28 inches (88 cm). COLOR: Mottled Barbara, Calif., to Bering Sea. SIZE: grayish brown above shading to white on Length to 28 inches (71 cm). COLOR Dark belly: fms dusky yellow with tail fm tipped gray above, silver gray on sides and white with bright yellow tip of lower pectoral below; fms pinkish. fm tinged with pink. 0 Distinguished from olive rockfish by the eight soft rays in anal 92. DUSKY ROCKFISH. Sebostes ciliatus fm. and by presence of fine reddish-brown (Tilesius). DISTRIBUTION: Gualalupe speckling on scales-olive rockfish almost 88. WIDOW ROCKFISH. viuva. Sebostes Island. Baja California. Mexico. to Point always have nine soH anal rays and no entomelas (Jordan and Gilbert). Conception, Calif. SIZE: Length to 16 speckling on sides. An important game fmh DISTRIBUTION: Todos Santos Bay, Baja inches (41 cm). COLOR: Gray brown with species off the central Caliiornia coast and California, Mexico. to Kodiak Island. brown spots on dorsal area, becoming light to the north. Inhabits predominantly Alaska. SIZE: Average weight is about 1% gray below brown streaks radiating from deepwater reefs. pounds (0.7 kg), and record length is 21 eye: fins pinkish. inches (53 cm). COLOR: Uniform dusky brown with a yellow or brassy tinge on sides and sometimes reddish on belly. 93. GOPHER ROCKFISH. flesh-colored Young specimens have vague orange rockfish. Sebostes carnotus (Jordan and streaks. 0 Usually taken from below 100 Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: San Roque. Baja feet (30.5 m) over rocky or rough bottom: California, Mexico to Eureka, Calif. SIZE: however, young are caught near surface. Length to about 15% inches (39 'Ihis is an important species in the Mon- cm). COLOR: Olive brown with flesh- terey Bay area. colored or whitish spotting and blotches. 28 94. SQUARESPOT ROCKFISH, smallmouth light below smaller specimens often have a rockfish. Sebostes hopkinsi (Cramer). whitish streak along lateral line. All ths DISTRIBUTION Guadalupe Island. Baja except spinous dorsal are usually edged California. Mexico. to Farallon Islands. with black eye bright yellow. 0 One of the Calif. SIZE: Length to 11% inches (29 larger and more colorful of the rockfiih cm). COLOR Yellow brown with dark species. Found over shallow and deep reef brown blotches. areas in water 150 to 1.200 feet (45.7-365.8 m) deep. Excellent fwd species. RED ROCKFISHES: 97. BOCACCIO. salmon grouper. young are sometimes called "tomcod" Sebostes paucispinis Ayres. DISTRIBUTION Point Blanca, Baja California, Mexico, to Kodiak Island Alaska. SIZE: Average weight is 3% pounds (1.5 kg): the record size reported to be about 3 feet (91 cm) and 21 pounds (9.5 kg). COLOR Brownish to dusky red above. shading into dull orange red on sides, light pink on belly. Reddish tinge overall: sometimes mottled with brown or black. 0 Usually distinguished from l[K). STARRY R&ISH. spotted rockfish. other rockfishes by its greatly projecting chinafish Sebastes constellatus (Jordan and 95. VERMILION ROCKFISH, red snapper, lower jaw. A very important commercial rasher, borracho. barrachon. red rock cod, Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: Near (3sdros and sport species off California. Adults are Island Baja California. Mexico. to San genuine red, Sebostes miniotus (Jordan and fished in deep water (to 125 fathoms or Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: San Benito Francisco. Calif. SIZE: Reported to attain 228.6 m). and young bocaccio are Island, Baja California, Mexico, to Van- a length of 18 inches (48 cm); average frequently found in schools nearshore and weight is about 1% pounds (0.7 couver Island. British Columbia. SIZE are commonly caught by pier anglers. Record length to 30 inches (76 cm): weight kg). COLOR Orange red above. shading to reported to 15 pounds (6.8 kg). COLOR: yellow on sides and below; profuaely Deep vermilion on back mottled with gray covered with small bright-green spots: three or blackish blotches on sides: orange to five white blotches on back. 0 A brightly stripes radiating from eye; fins deep red colored species common off southern and on small specimens often faintly edged California. where it is usually taken over with black: mouth red. Sometimes con- deep reefs. fused with the canary rockfish: however, the underside of jaw is rough. not smooth, and there is no large black area on spinous dorsal fin es on smaller specimens of the canary rockfish. One of the larger rockfish species, common to depths of 200 to 600 feet (61.0-182.9 m). The young fish are frequently found near shore. An important contributor to the "rock cod* catch in 98. CANARY ROCKFISH, orange rockfish. southern California. codalargo. yellow snapper, filione. fantail. red rock cod. red snapper. Sebostes pin- niger (Gill). DISTRIBUTION: Cape Colnett. Baja California. Mexico, to southeastern Alaska. SIZE: Average weight about 1% la. ROSY RWISH. corsair, dude, pounds (0.7 kg) and a record length to scaccietale. scratchtail, Sebastes rosactuls about 30 inches (76 cm). COLOR Grayish. Girard DISTRIBUTION: Turtle Bay, Baja. mottled with orange; fins orange. California, Mexico, to Puget Sound. Sometimes confused with vermilion rock- Wash. SmA small species. averaging fish. (See description of that species for about % pound (0.2 kg). Maximum length differences.) 0 Young canary rockfish are reported to 12% inches (32 cm). COLOR: sometimes found in shallow water: adults Yellow, blotched with dark red on back and found over banks in deep water. An im- sides, fading to whitish below; white 96. CHILIPEPPER. johnnies. johnny cod. portent contributor to the central and blotches bordered with purple above lateral Sebostes goodei (Eigenmann and Eigen- northern California party boat catch. pinkish fins. 0 Taken in deep water mann). DISTRIBUTION: Magdalena Bay. line: (90 fathoms or 164.6 m): sometimes in Baja California, Mexico, to Vancouver shallower water over reefs or rocky areas. Island, British Columbia. SIZE: Average A good food species, although small in si-. weight is about 2% pounds (1.1 kg): maximum length is 22 inches (56 cm). COLOR Reddish brown to copper above, shading to pink or white below with a distinct red stripe along the lateral line: fins pink. 0 Fishing for this species is best off central and southern California. A deepwater species. it prefers rocky or mud bottom.

99. YELLOWEYE ROCKFISH, turkey-red 102. GREENSTRIPED ROCKFISH. rockfish, rasphead rockfish. red snapper. strawberry rock cod. reina. serena. red rockfish, tambor, turkey rock. pot- Sebostes elongotus Ayres. DISTRIBUTION: belly, Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer). Cedros Island. Baja California, Mexico. DISTRIBUnON: Ensenada. Baja California. north to Green Island, Alaska. SIZE: Mexico, north to Gulf of Alaska. SIZE: Small: average weight about W pound (0.3 Average weight about 5% pounds (2.5 kg): kg): length recorded to 15 inches (38 known to reach a length of 36 inches cm). COLOR: Pale red above. white on (91 cm). COLOR: Bright vermilion above. belly with olivegreen irregular stripes on sometimes blotched with black. fading to sides joining near tail: black on tip of chin: 29 pinkish fins: pink lateral line. fl A deep SCORPIONFISHES: HFXAGRAMMIDAE: GREENLINGS water species (2W1.300 feet or 61.0-396.2 m) usually caught from sport boats fishing 110. over rough bottom. 106.

108. CALIFORNIA SCORPIONFISH. sculpin (not related to the sculpin family. Cottidae). Scorpoeno guttoto Girard. DISTRI- 103. GREENSPOTTED ROCKFISH. BUTION: Near Magdalena Bay. Baja Cali- chucklehead. Santa Maria, Sebostes fornia, Mexico, to Santa Cruz. Calif. chlorostictus (Jordan and Gilbert). SIZE: Length recorded to about 17 inches DISTRIBUTION: Cedros Island. Baja Cali- (43 cm). COLOR: Brick red to brown: fornia, Mexico. to Copalis Head. numerous dark spots and blotches on body. Wash. SIZE: Average weight 1% pounds head, and fins. An inshore fish 110. KELP GREENLING. greenling sea- (0.6 kg): record length reported to be near common in bays and along shores trout, kelpfish. rock trout, Hexagrammos 20 inches (51 cm). COLOR: Pinkish yellow throughout the year in southern California; decagrammus (Pallas). DISTRIBUTION: La with irregular green spots: three to five however, spring and summer appear to be Jolla, Calif., to Aleutian Islands. Alaska. whitish blotches back bordered with on best fishing season. Although it sometimes SIZE: Length up to 21 inches cm); purple red; purple bar across head behind (53 occurs over sandy or sandy-mud bottom. however, usual catch ts about 12 inches (30 eyes. 0 Adults and young both found over this species seems to prefer rocky cm) long. COLOR Males are dark gray deepwater reef areas. surroundings and water shallower than 100 with sky-blue spots on head and fore part feet (<30.5 m). Fish should be handled with of body. Females are gray brown with care: spines (dorsal. anal, and pelvic) are uniform reddish or golden-brown spots on RED ROCKFISHES OF LESS IMPORT. venomous and can inflict very painful head and body. 0 This species is found ANCE TO THE MARINE ANGLER: wounds. Experienced anglers handle by around rocky shores, reefs, and kelp bed inserting thumb in fish's mouth and holding areas. Common along jetties and most by lower jaw. An excellent food fish. abundant off northern California, Oregon. 104. COW ROCKFISH, cowcod. rooster- Washington, and Alaska. Excellent food fish, gallo. chefra. cowfish, Sebastes levis fish. (Eigenmann and Eigenmann). DIS- ANOPLOPOMATIDAE: SABLEFISHES TRIBUTION: Central Baja California. Mexico, to near Eureka, Calif. SIZE: One of the largest of the rockfishes. reaching 37 inches (94 cm) long and a weight of 28% pounds (12.9 kg). COLOR: Yellowish red with faint vertical bars on adults.

105. STRIPETAIL ROCKFISH, popeye rock- fish. bigeye rockfish, oliveback rockfish. 111. ROCK GREENLING. red greenling, Sebostes soxicolo (Gilbert). DIS- fringed greenling. Hexogrammos logo- TRIBUTION: Viscaino Bay, Baja California. 109. SABLEFISH, black cod, mackerel, cephalus (Pallas]. DISTRIBUTION: Point Mexico, to southeastern Alaska. SIZE: coal cod. butterfish. blue cod, skil. Conception, Calif.. to Alaska and Bering Length to 15!A inches (39 cm]. COLOR: Anoplopomo fimbria [Pallas). DIS- Sea. Abundant off Oregon northward to Tail has green stripes in membranes. TRIBUTION: Cedros Island, Baja California. Alaska. SIZE Length recorded up to 24 Mexico, to northwestern Alaska. Bering inches (61 cm). Weight of the average catch Sea, and Japan. SIZE: Catches of young STRIPED ROCKFISHES: is about ?4 pound (0.3 kg). COLOR: Highly fish average 'A to '12 pound (O.l-%Z kg), variable. usually reddish brown with while adults may weigh up to 30 pounds darker mottling, sometimes large red 106. TREEFISH. convictfish, barberpole. (13.6 kg); a record length is reported to 40 blotches on sides; tail fin tipped with red Sebostes serriceps (Jordan and Gilbert). inches 1102 cm). COLOR: Adults are dark round spot above pectoral fin; inside DISTRIBUTION: Central Baja California. blackish gray above, shading to lighter gray of mouth bluish. 0 A shallow-water Mexico, to San Francisco. Calif. SIZE: or white below. Coloration in young is more species, inhabiting much the same areas as Length reported to 16 inches (41 defined with dark blue or green above, the kelp greenling (rocky shores. jetties. cm). COLOR: Olive brown above to white on belly. 0 Young fish are sometimes etc.). yellowish below. with five to six vertical found nearshore; however. adults live in black bars on sides reaching to deep water up to 400 feet (122 m) or more. belly. 0 This colorful rockfish, although They appear to migrate into shallower minor in the sport catch, is common off water during summer. An important species southern California in relatively shallow in northern California and off Oregon and water out to about 150 feet (45.7 m) deep. Washington, although a small restricted fishery does exist off Newport Bay in 107. FLAG ROCKFISH. Spanish flag. southern California. This species is barberpole. hollywood. convictfish. shoflies. frequently caught in the seme area as the tiger. Sebostes rubrivinctus [Jordan and Pacific halibut. and is an excellent food Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: Cape Colnett. fish. 112. LINGCOD, cultus cod, buffalo cod. Baia California, Mexico, to San Francisco; green cod. ling, bocalao, Ophiodon records north of San Francisco may be the elongotus Girard. DISTRIBUTION: Point redbanded rockfish. Sebostes bob- San Carlos, Baja California. Mexico. to cocki. SIZE Length to 25 inches (64 Kodiak Island. Alaska. SIZE: Average cm). COLOR: As name indicates. has four weight is about 8 pounds (3.6 kg); however, vertical red stripes on cream-white they are reported to attain at least 50 background. inches (127 cm) in length end a weight of 30 50 pounds (22.7 kg). COLOR: Extremely orown 10 rea, greenish or gray. usually BOTHIDAE: LEFTEYF, FLOUNDERS variable with habitat. Ground color may be with extensive mottling or blotching. Mouth gray brown. blue to green. or black. lining in females usually green, males Mottlings, spots, and other markings are red. 0 The flesh of the cabezon has an not specific. Common to central excellent flavor. but the roe is reported to California northward. off Oregon. be poisonous. This fish is found over many Washington, and southeastern Alaska types of bottom. usually rock and sand, in coasts. A desirable food species. Young shallow water out to depths of about 250 lingcod are caught near rocky or kelp bed feet (76.2 m). areas. Adults tend to frequent deeper water up to 350 feet (106.7 m) in areas of ! rough bottom. 121. CALIFORNIA HALIBUT, southern halibut. Parolichthys colifornicus j (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico. to British Columbia. SIZE: Record size is about 5 I feet (152 cm) and 72 pounds (32.7 kg). Average size 6 to 7 pounds (2.7-3.2 kg): however. pier-caught fish are usually much I smaller (called "fly-swatters"). COLOR: 117. RED IRISH LORD. Hemilepidotus Olivaceous black to brown. sometimes with hemilepidotus (Tilesius). DISTRIBUTION: lighter or darker mottling: young often with 113. ATKA MACKEREL, Pleurogrammus Monterey Bay, Calif., to Sea of Okhotsk. whitish spots. Blind side is un- monopterygius (Pallas). DISTRIBUTION: SIZE: Average weight about YI pound (0.2 pigmented. 0 Common along sandy shores Monterey Bay Calif.. to northwestern kg]: greatest reported length is 20 inches and nearshore shelfs in southern Alaska, Bering Sea, and Sea of (51 cm). but is not common over 12 inches California: some also are taken in the Japan. SIZE: Attains a length of up to 2 (30 cm]. COLOR: Dusky to bright red i Morro Bay, Monterey Bay, and in the San feet (61 cm). although the average length is above. becoming lighter below: mottled with Francisco area. An important species to about 12 inches (30 cm). COLOR: Dusky brownish red and profusely covered with 1 pier anglers in southern California. Good yellow with five blackish vertical bars brownish to black spots. Fleshy flaps on fishing is sometimes found near live-bait crossing sides: ventral and anal fins dark. snout and just above eyes. A rocky-shore receiver locations. Rarely taken in water 0 An important game species in Alaska, species common to Oregon,, Washington. over 10 to 15 fathoms (18.3-27.4 m) deep. commonly taken near the surf zone, around and Alaska. Ranges from shallow intertidal ! In southern California common along shore areas out to 156 feet (47.5 m). Feeds on in the spring. frequenting channels leading rocky and kelp bed areas, and in :i semisheltered water. Often found in large crabs, barnacles. and mussels. into larger bays and just outside the surf schools. zone. From Morro Bay north to San i Francisco and Tomales bays, fishing is iin. j best in summer and early fall. GREENLINGS OF LESS IMPORTANCE TO THE MARINE ANGLER: j

114. WHITESPOTTED GREENLING, I Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius. DISTRI- I BUTION: Puget Sound, Wash., to I Japan. SIZE: Length to at least 19 inches 118. PACIFIC STAGHORN SCULPIN. I bullhead, smooth sculpin, Leptocottus 1 (48 cm). COLOR: Light brown to greenish, ! often with reddish tinge: conspicuous white ormotus Girard. DISTRIBUTION: San spots on body. Quintin Bay, Baja California. Mexico. to Chignik. Alaska. SIZE: Length to 12 inches (30 cm). COLOR: Greenish brown or gray i 122. PACIFIC SANDDAB. mottled sanddab. 115. PAINTED GREENLING. Oxylebius above, white to yellow below. 0 This I Cithorichthys sordidus (Girard). DIS- pictus Gill. DISTRIBUTION: Point San abundant inshore sculpin. although TRIBUTION: Magdalena Bay, Baja Carlos, Baja California. Mexico, to Strait of sometimes considered a nuisance to ~ California, Mexico, to northwestern Alaska Georgia, British Columbia. SIZE: Length to fishermen, is an important baitfish in i and Sea of Japan. SIZE: To 16 inches (41 at least 10 inches (25 cm). COLOR: Brown California. Common in bays and brackish- cm) long: most weigh less than % pound and dark-red bars and mottling over water areas. ~ (0.2 kg). COLOR: Various shades of light grayish-brown body: flaps on head are red. brown. sometimes mottled with dull orange. Rarely taken. yellow, or black. Blind side is un- SCULPINS OF LESS IMPORTANCE pigmented. 0 Common over sandy or TO THE MARINE ANGLER: muddy-sand bottoms at depths of 20 to 50 fathoms (36.691.4 m). An excellent food fish. COTIIDAE: SCULPINS 119. BROWN IRISH LORD. Hemilepidotus spinosus (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: Southern California to Puffin Bay, Alaska. SIZE: Length to 10 inches (25 i PLEURONECI'IDAE: cm). COLOR: Light to dark brown with ! RIGHTEYED FLOUNDERS dark mottling. i i 120. BUFFALO SCULPIN. Enophrys bison (Girard). DISTRIBUTION: Monterey Bay. 1 Calif., to Kodiak Island. Alaska. SIZE: i Length to 12 inches (30 cm). COLOR Dark I 116. CABEZON. bullfish. bullhead. blue gray green or brown above: purplish bony cod, bull cod, marbled sculpin, Scor- plates on head and on lateral line. paenichthys marmorotus (Ayres). DIS I TRIBUTION: Point Abreojos. Baja 1 California, Mexico, to Sitka, Alaska. SIZE: Average weight is about 2 pounds (0.9 kg). I 123. PACIFIC HALIBUT, northern halibut. Largest fish reported was 39 inches (99 cm) Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt. DIS long and weighed slightly over 15 pounds TRIBUTION: Santa Rosa Island. Calif.. to the Bering Sea and Sea Japan. (6.8 kg). COLOR: Highly variable from of SIZE: 31 Average weight of the sport catch off the 129. Washington, Oregon. and northern California coasts is 5 pounds (2.3 kg). but larger fish are common in Alaska. Females recorded to 495 pounds (224.5 kg). males to 123 pounds (55.8 kg). Length up to 8% feet (259 cm). COLOR: Uniform dark brown to black, sometimes with paler blotches and fine mottling. Blind side is un- pigmented. 0 Commonly caught off Oregon, Washington. and Alaska: not usually taken south of extreme northern California. Fished in moderately deep water. 20 to 100 126. HORNYHEAD TURBOT, Pleuro- 129. ENGLISH SOLE, lemon sole. pointed- fathoms (36.6-182.9 m). Sometimes appears nichthys verticolis Jordan and Gilbert. nose flounder, Porophrys vetulus Girard. in relatively shallow water during summer. DISTRIBUTION: Magdalena Bay. Baja DISTRIBUTION: Central Baia Califor- An excellent food species. California, Mexico. to Point Reyes. nia. Mexico. to northwestern Alaska. Calif. SIZE: Length recorded to 14% SIZE: Average weight about 1 pound (0.5 inches (37 cm), average weight about % to kg); record length is reported to be 24 1 pound (0.3-0.5 kg). COLOR: Brown with inches (61 cm). COLOR: Brown, with fins darker mottlings and scattered pale edged with darker brown to black. Blind blotches. 0 Common to southern California side is unpigmented. 0 An important in bays. sloughs, and other nearshore species from central California north. areas. Similar in habitat preference to the Migratory. friund in bays and estuaries out diamond turbot. to about 2GO fathoms (365.8 m). Caught nearshore during the summer, and. although sometimes taken from piers and off jetties at this season of the year, more are landed by skiff and party boat anglers than by any other method. A good food fish: however. the flesh of inshore specimens sometimes has an iodine flavor. 124. STARRY FLOUNDER, diamondback, Plotichthys stellotus (Pallas). DIS- TRIBUTION: Santa Barbara. Calif.. to Arctic Alaska and Sea of Japan. An abundant species from central California north to Alaska. SIZE: Weight recorded up to 20 pounds (9.1 kgl and a length of 3 127. PETRALE SOLE, roundnose flounder, feet (91 cm). However, the average sport- Eopsetto jordoni (Lockington). DIS- caught fish is about 1% pounds (0.6 TRIBUTION: Coronado Islands. Baja kg). COLOR: Mottled dark brown with California, Mexico, to northern Gulf of alternating white to light orange and black Alaska. SIZE: Average weight is about 1 % bands on dorsal and anal fins. Blind side is pounds (0.8kg); maximum recorded length unpigmented. 0 One of the few flounder is 27% inches (70 cm). COLOR: Uniform 130. SAND SOLE. fringe flounder, Pset- species that may ordinarily have the eyes dark to light brown, sometimes with paler tichthys melanostictus Girard. DIS- and color on either side. One of the most blotches. Blind side is unpigmented. 0 An TRIBUTION: Point Mugu, Calif., to north- important sport-caught flatfishes along the important and desirable food fish caught off western Gulf of Alaska. SIZE: Average entire Pacific coast. Lives in shallow water central California, Oregon. and Washington weight % pound (0.2 kg); record length over sandy or mud bottom. Sometimes coasts. It is commonly found on sand and reported to be 21 inches (53 cm]. COLOR: caught at depths of up to 70 fathoms (128.0 mud bottoms, usually in depths of 60 feet Dark gray to brown. speckled with dark ml. It is common in bays, and frequently (18.3 m) or more during the summer, brown or black spots. U This inshore migrates into tidewater areas and up migrating to deeper water (up to 1,200 feet species is usually caught along sandy rivers. Has a very rough [grindstone) skin. or 365.8 m) during the winter. shores. around jetties. and in estuaries. The young are sometimes caught around rocky areas in summer. Migrates to deep water in the winter. Common north of Point Con- ception. Calif.

128. ROCK SOLE, broadfin flounder. 125. DIAMOND TURBOT. Hypsopsetto Lepidopsetto bilineota (Ayres). DIS- guttuloto (Girard). DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of TRIBUTION: Southern California to the California and Magdalena Bay, Baja Bering Sea and Sea of rapan. SIZE: 131. REX SOLE, longfin sole, Glypto- California. Mexico, to Cape Mendocino. Record length is about 22% inches (57 cm); cepholus zochirus Lockington. DIS- Calif. SIZE: Record length is about 18 average weight is about 1% pounds (0.6 TRIBUTION San Diego. Calif., to the Bering inches (46 cm); average weight of the sport kg). COLOR Dark to light brown with Sea. SIZE: Average weight is about % catch is about 1% pounds (0.6 lighter or darker yellow or red mottlings pound 10.2 kg); maximum length is reported kg). COLOR: Gray to brown. mottled with and spots: fins with dark blotches or bars. to be about 23% inches I59 cm). COLOR: blue spots. Blind side is unpig- Blind side is unpigmented. 0 Known to Uniform light brown on eyed side: fins mented. 0 Commonly found in bays and range to a depth of about 70 fathoms (128 darker. pectoral fins black. Blind side is sloughs over mud and sand bottom. Usually ml. but is frequently caught in shallow unpigmented. 0 A deepwater species, caught in water less than 500 feet (152.4 m) water over sandy or gravelly bottom, and usually caught over sand and sand-mud deep. Best fishing is in southern California sometimes near eel grass beds. Most bottom. Similar in habitat requirements to in such locations as Newport and Mission abundant from central California north into the petrale sole and Pacific sanddab. A bays. where it is caught year-round. Puget Sound. highly desirable food species. 32 FLATFISHES OF LESS IMPORTANCE OTHER MINOR MARINE GAME FISHES UUF'EIDAE HERRINGS TO THE MARINE ANGLER: A brief listing is given helow of some od- 145. PACIFIC HERRING. Clupeo horengus pallasi Valencie~es. DISTRIBUTION: 132. CURLFIN SOLE, Pleuronichthys ditional families and species of fishes which decurrens Jordan and Gilbert. DIS- Northern Baja California. Mexico. to now do not contribute significontly to the northern Eurasia. Bering Sea, and Japan. TRIBUTION: San Quintin Bay, Baja sport cotch. but sometimes ore token by California, Mexico, to northwestern Pacific coast anglers. This listing is not Alaska. SIZE: Length to 14% inches (37 cm). COLOR: Reddish brown with darker complete since marine anglers capture 146. PACIFIC SARDINE. Sardinops sogox brown or gray mottling above. many species during the course of the yaor coeruleus (Jmyns). DISTRIBUTION: Guay- that are not listed here, but it reviews some mas. Gulf of California, Mexico, to Kam- chatka Peninsula, USSR. 133. SPOTTED TURBOT, Pleuronichthys of the more commonly caught minor ritteri Starks and Morris. DISTRIBUTION: species. Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Mexico, to ENGRAULIDAE. ANCHOVIES Point Conception, Calif. SIZE: Length to 11% inches (29 cm). COLOR: Brown to gray with light speckling; usually with three SCYLIORHINIDAE CAT SHARKS 147. NORTHERN ANCHOVY. Engraulis dark spots. mordm Girard DISTRIBUTION: La Paz. Baja California. Mexico, to Quaen 134. GO SOLE Pleuronichthys coenosus 130. SWELL SHARK, Cephaloscyllium ven- Charlotte Island. British Columbia. Girard: DISTRIBUTION Cape CoInett, triosum (Garman). DISTRIBUTION: Chile to Monterey. Calif. Not common north of Baja California, Mexico. to southeastern SYNOWNTIDAE: LIZARDFISHES Alaska. SIZE: Length to about 14 inches Point Conception. Calif. (36 cm). COLOR Dark brown above mottled with light brown. SQUALIDAE DOGFISH SHARKS 148. CALIFORNIA LIZARDFISH. Synodus lucioceps (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: Guay- 135. BUTTER SOLE, Isopsefta isolepis mas. Gulf of California, Mexico, to Sen [Lockington). DISTRIBUTION: Southern 139. SPINY DOGFISH. Squolus aconthias Francisco. Calif. Uncommon north of Point California to Alaska and Bering Sea. rare Linnaeus. DISTRIBUTION Temperate and Conception. Calif. south of Point Conception. Calif. SIZE: subtropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans: in Length to 21% inches (55 cm). COLOR: the eastern Pacific. in Chile, southern Dark to light brown or gray with light California to Alaska. and to Japan. BATRACHOIDIDAE TOADFISHES mottling, sometimes with yellow or green spots; fins edged with yellow. RADDAE: SKATES 149. PLAINFIN MIDSHIPMAN, northern midshipman, Porichthys notatus Girard. 136. SLENDER SOLE, Lyopsetta exilis DISTRIBUTION: Gorda Bank, Gulf of (lordan and Gilbert). DISTRIBUTION: 140. BIG SKATE. Aoja binoculata California, Mexico. to Sitka, Alaska. Cedros Islands, Baja California, Mexico. to Girard. DISTRIBUTION: San Quintin Bay, Alsek Canyon. Alaska. SIZE Length to 13 Baja California, Mexico, to northwestern inches (33 cm). COLOR: Uniform light olive Alaska and Bering Sea. Not common south POMADASYIDAE: GRUNTS brown. of Point Conception: Calif.

137. DOVER SOLE, Microstomus pocificus 141. CALIFORNIA SKATE. Roja inornata 150. SALEMA, bigeye bass, Xenistius (Lockingtod. DISTRIBUTION: San Jordan and Gilbert. DISTRIBUTION: Turtle coliforniensis (Steindachner). DISTRI- Cristobal Bay, Baja California, Mexico, to Bay, Baja California, Mexico, to the Strait BUTION: Peru north to Montarey Bay. Cali. Bering Sea. SIZE: Length to 30 inches (76 of Juan de Fuca. Rare north of Point Conception, Calif. cm). COLOR Uniform gray brown; fins black. 142. LONGNOSE SKATE, Raja rhino Jordan and Gilbert. DISTRIBUTION Point POMACENTRDAE DAMSELFISHES Loma. Calif.. to Southern Alaska. 151. BLACKSMITH. Chromis punctipinnis [Cooper). DISTRIBUTION Point San Pablo. DASYATIDAE: STINGRAYS Baja California. Mexico, to Monterey. Calif.

143. ROUND STINGRAY, Urolophus holleri Cooper DISTRIBUTION: Panama Bay. CLIMDAE UINIDS Panama, to Humholdt Bay, Calf. Rare north of Point Conception. Calif. 152. GIANT KELPFISH, Heterostichus rostratus Girard. DISTRIBUTION: Cape MURAENIDAE MORAYS San Lucas, Baja California. Mexico. to British Columbia.

144. CALIFORNIA MORAY, Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres). DISTRIBUTION: 153. ONFSPOT FRINGEHEAD. Neoclinus Magdalena Bay, Bala California. Mexico, to uninotatus Hubbs. DISTRIBUTION: San Point Conception. Calif. Diego Bay to Bodega Bay, Calif.

33 Marine Game Fishes of the Pacific Islands

The following pages describe some of described the species are given last. in 'oweoweo and in other Hawaiian the major game fishes taken in marine For those who wish to pronpunce fish names, indicates elision of one or and brackish waters of Hawaii, the Hawaiian names correctly, it is more letters. It does not indicate American Samoa, and Guam. It is relatively simple. There are only 12 accent, but a break in sound between indeed unfortunate that these tropical fetters in the alphabet and the five the letters it separates. In writing fishes could not be reproduced in vowels. A, E, I, 0, U. ore pronounced: Hawaiian nomes it is important that color. for they are among the most a as in father. e as in vein, i as in these marks be used, since they are an beautiful in the world. p~p.o as in qwn, and u as in book. essential part of the word. The local fish names are given Each vowel is pronounced. For in- Marine anglers wishing to make a first. since it is by these names that stance. aholehole is pronounced ah-ho- closer species identification of their they are known in the tropical Pacific. leh-ho-leh. with the accent on the catch should read Handbook of Usually the Hawaiian name is given second and fourth syllable. The Hawaiian Fishes by Gosline and Brock first. identified by the symbol (HI. consonants are pronounced as in (1960. University Press. Honolulu]. This followed by its equivalent in Samoan English, except that W. especially reference is the best available (S) or Guamanian (el.and then by its when after the first syllable. has the covering most of the species. Other English equivalent if one exists. The sound of V as in yaluable. For example references for specific families and authorized scientific name and the 'aweoweo is pronounced ah-vehah- genera will be found in the section on name of the person who originally vehah. The apostrophe or hamza. as Reference.

CARCHARHINIDAE: REQUIEM SPHYRNIDAE: HAMMERHEAD known to enter streams and rivers and is SHARKS SHARKS commonly reared in fish ponds. This species rarely occufs in American Samoa and Guam. Taken by hook and line and by 155. R gill net throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Excellent light-tackle quarry that fights gamely and leaps repeatedly when hooked. The awaawa is edible, but the flesh contains many fine bones. Widely used by the Chinese in making fish cakes.

155. MANO KIHIKIHI (H), kiluus (G). 154. MANO (H), malie (SI. tanifa IS). gray mata-i-taliga (S), scalloped hammerhead ALBULIDAE BONEFISHES shark, sand shark. whaler, Corchorhinus (shark), Sphyrno lewini (Griffith and spp. DISTRIBUTION: Members of this Smith). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical and genus are widely distributed in tropical and temperate Atlantic. Pacific. and Indian temperate seas worldwide. SIZE The oceans. SIZE: Reaches a length of over 10 species above, the gray reef shark, C. feet (305 cm). COLOR: Light gray above amblyrhyncos (Bleeker]. reaches a length of and white below: black on the ventral about 8 feet (244 cm); other Pacific surfaces of the pectoral fins. 0 This shark members of this genus are reported to occurs inshore as well as offshore, and reach up to 16 feet (486 cm). COLOR: although sometimes found in large Differs with species; generally grayish to aggregations, it is usually solitary. Taken brownish. fading to lighter below. 0 Most by anglers in Hawaii and American Samoa: "typical" sharks belong to this group: many only rarely taken in Guam. Caught by 157. '010 (HI. bonefish, Albulo vulpes are inshore or reef-inhabiting species: trolling or drifting with whole or cut baits. (Linnaeus). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide in others also occur far out at sea. A few are Rarely eaten. sometimes used as bait. tropical and subtropical oceans. SIZE: All- considered potentially dangerous to humans tackle record (Zululand. South Africa) is 19 and attain considerable size. Although pounds (8.6 kgl and 39 5/8 inches (100.7 sometimes considered a nuisance to cm) long. In the Pacific Ocean (Kauai. anglers. sharks are rapidly growing in ELOPIDAE TARPONS,LADYFISHES Hawaii) the record is 18 pounds 2 ounces popularity as game fishes. The gray reef (8.2 kg). and a length of 3 feet 5% inches shark is especially abundant around (105.4 cm). Hawaiian bonefish are usually American Samoa. It also occurs around 156. A about 15 to 18 inchas (38-46 cm) Hawaii and Guam. but is not sought by long. COLOR: Bright iridescent silver. anglers. Sharks are usually caught by OThe 'o'io is a schooling fish that feeds handlining at anchor or adrift and by along sandy bottom. usually over sand trolling over channel areas between reefs patches or channels between coral for and over offshore ledges. mations in the reef. Sometimes enters the surge zone along beaches. Although caught throughout the year in Hawaii, the season 156. AWAAWA (H). awa'aua (HI. pake usually begins in December when the fish 'awa (H). ladyfish. tenpounder. Elops come fairly close to shore to spawn. and howoiiensis Regan. DISTRIBUTION: fishing is usually good through April. Tropical Pacific. SIZE: Up to about 24 Exceptionally large fish have been taken inches (61 an). usually about 12 to 15 from waters off Kauai. Oahu. and Maui. inches (30-38 cm). COLOR: Bright silvery, This species is uncommon in American with a blue-green hue on the dorsal Samoa and does not occur in Guam. Caught area. 0 The awaawa is primarily an in- surf casting and bottomfishing with cut shore fish. often found in hays and harbors bait; some are taken with gill nets. Like the and along sandy shores. In Hawaii it is awaawa. the flesh of the bonefish is 34 palatable. but contains numerous fine BELONIDAE: NEEDLEFISHES 20 inches (51 cm) long. COLOR: Purple bones. It is. however. a Hawaiian favorite brown with light-blue spots. Pale bars for making fish cakes and pki (raw, evident towards tail region as in- spiced). dicated. 0 A very common bottomfish in American Samoa, found over reefs and rocky areas at about 10 to 40 fathoms (18.3- 160. 73.2 m). Roi also occurs in Guam and in CHANIDAE: MILKFISHES 1956 was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands where it has now become established around most of the larger islands. Caught handlining on the bottom or 160. 'AHA'AHA (H). ise (S). keeltail spearing. Like most groupers, when hooked needlefish, needlefish. Plotybelone argolus this fish usually attempts to get into holes (Lesueur). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. or crevices, so it is wise to keep the fish's SIZE: Attains a length of about 15 inches head up and the line taut. (38 cm). COLOR: Blue green on back. fading to silvery below. 0 A near- and offshore schooling species, often seen skittering or gliding over the water's 158. AWA (H). agua (G).milkfish, Chonos surface. Common in Hawaii and American chonos (Forskil). DISTRIBUTION: Samoa, although not sought after by Throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE: Samoan fishermen. In Guam, a much larger Up to 3 feet (91 cm) long: most caught are species of needlefish called "pulus" or around 18 to 24 inches (46-61 houndfish, Tylosurus crocodilus (Peron and cm). COLOR: Silvery. 0 The awa is a Lesueur). is one of the more common fishes schooling surfacefeeding fish, common to taken with spinning gear. In general, brackish-water areas, bays, and inlets in needlefish are taken by pole and line using 163. GADAO (GI. gatala (SI. Epinephelus the Hawaiian Islands. Common in American artificial lures or live bait. The greenish Samoa, but very rarely fished for: un- fosciotus (ForskHl). DISTRIBUTION: flesh of the 'aha'aha is reported to have a Tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE: Reported to common in Guam. Hawaiian anglers catch very good flavor. awa with hook and line using bread or reach about 14 inches (36 cm). COLOR algae for bait. Like the awaawa and the Red with dusky crossbars which tend to 'o'io, this fish is a scrappy fighter, often HOLOCENTRIDAE: SQUIRRELFISHES fade with age. Distinguished by the black leaping from the water when hooked. Also margin on the spiny dorsal fin. 0 A taken with gill nets: young fish are common grouper caught by spinning gear sometimes taken with cast nets. Considered and spears around Guam and American a fine food fish: some are raised com- Samoa. Introduced to Hawaii in 1958 from mercially in fish ponds in Hawaii. the Marquesas Islands. but did not become established. A good food fish.

MURAENIDAE: MORAY EELS

161. MENPACHI (HI, 'u*u (HI. malau [SI, sasag (G). squirrelfish. Myripristis berndti Jordan and Evermann and M. omoenus (Castelnau). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Pacific Ocean. SIZE: Up to 14 inches (36 164. 'ATA'ATA (S), Epinephelus tauvina cm): averages 7 to 9 inches (1823 (Forskgl). DISTRIBUTION Tropical Indw cm). COLOR: Bright red. 0 These two Pacific. SIZE: Up to 500 pounds (226.8 kg) species of menpachi are common inshore in weight and averages anywhere from 100 reef fishes in Hawaii. Both are noctur- to 400 pounds (45.4-181.4 kg). COLOR 159. PUHI (H), puhi-paka (H), pusi (S). nal and congregate in caves and deep Young fish are tan with irregular brown titugi (GI. moray. Gymnothorox spp. crevices during the day, venturing out over bars and red mottling and spotting: large DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Pacific Ocean. the reef at night to feed. Usually taken with specimens are uniform dark brown. 0 This SIZE: Hawaiian morays range up to 5 or 6 spears: also with gill nets and hooks and large Samoan grouper is common over feet (152-183 cm) long but most are under 2 lines and in traps. Fished for mostly at rocky areas in water from 50 to 500 feet night. Menpachi are highly esteemed as feet (61 cm). 0 This group contains all puhi (15.2 to 152.4 m) deep. and is taken by or morays most commonly seen in Hawaiian food fish and subsequently bring a high handline. A large unidentified grouper waters and in the market. The fish price at Hawaiian markets. caught by Guam handliners might be illustrated above. G. flovimorginotus closely related to the Samoan species. although its positive identification has yet (Riippell). the puhi-paka. is one of Hawaii's SERRANIDAE: SEA BASSES larger eels and relatively common. Morays to be determined. This Guam grouper is are pugnacious predators and have large reported to reach over 80 pounds (36.3 kg) fanglike teeth. Some are known to bite and is excellent eating. When fresh. it has viciously-but usually only when provoked. several broad faint vertical bars on the Most of the time they remain deep in body which fade soon after death to a crevices and holes in reefs and rocky areas uniform dark brown. where they lie in wait for passing or in- jured prey. Most are speared, some are taken incidentally by hook and line and in traps. Commonly caught for food in American Samoa. but not sought after in Guam where the flesh is reported to be occasionally poisonous. Sometimes used as 162. ROI (H). gatala moana (S). gadao (GI. bait in Hawaii. blue spotted grouper. Cepholopholis orgus Bloch and Schneider. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE: Reaches about 35

__- - in harbors and bays. or in large schools APOGONIDAE CARDINALFISHES over reefs. The young are numerous in tide pools while adults inhabit deeper water, but generally no deeper than 20 feet (6.1 m). Aholehole is usually nocturnal and hides in crevices during the day and emerges at night to feed. Taken with cast nets. by hook and line. and by 'spearing in crevices and holes in the reef. Lights are sometimes used to attract them at night. An excellent food fish. 165. GATALA (S). gadao (GI. grouper. Epinephelus merro Bloch. DISTRIBUTION: 168. UMATAN [G). sasele IS). Kuhlia Tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE: Up to 18 rupestris (Cuvier and Valenciennes). inches (46 cm). COLOR: Yellowish white DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical with dark orange-brown spots; more yellow central Indo-Pacific. SIZE: In Guam this 171. 'UPAPALU (H). lansi (G). fo [SI. in the dorsal region. 0 A very abundant fish may reach 14 to 16 inches (3641 cm) moonlight fish, moonlight Annie, Apogon inshore reef-inhabiting grouper in American and up to 1% to 2 pounds (0.7-0.9 kg): menesemus Jenkins and A. kallopterus Samoa and Guam, and one of the two most usually runs about 8 to 9 inches (20-23 Bleeker. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Pacific common groupers taken spearing and with cm) and about % or '/1 pound (<0.3 Ocean. SIZE: Up to 9 inches (23 spinning gear over Guam's shallow reefs. kg). 0 This close relative of the aholehole cm). COLOR: Both purplish with black Once introduced to Hawaii from Tahiti, but occurs in American Samoa and is very markings. 0 The fish pictured is A. did not become successfully established. common to most streams and rivers of menesemus. These two small inshore reef Food value considered good. Guam. Similar in habits and appearance to fishes are very common in the Pacific K. sandvicencis. but seems to have a Islands. 'Upapalu are nocturnal and feed greater affinity to fresh water. Young on small crustaceans. Males carry eggs in umatan are found close to mouths of their mouths for incubation. In Hawaii tributaries while large adults are usually these two cardinalfishes are often taken found farther upstream in fresh water. pole fishing on moonlit nights over the Taken with nets and spears and with light reefs. Food value is considered good. spinning tackle using live bait, artificial flies. and small poppers. An excellent food fish.

166. GATALA (S). i'a manaia (S). gadao CARANGIDAE: JACKS AND (G). grouper. Voriolo louti (For- PRIACANTMDAE BIGEYES POMPANOS skil). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indo- Pacific. SIZE: Reported to reach 3 feet (91 cm) long. COLOR: Yellowish brown or orange. everywhere spotted with small reddish or pinkish spots with those toward the back margined with a purple or blue line. Pectoral and tail fins bright yellow: eye red: underside of head and body red. 0 This brilliantly colored grouper occurs both in American Samoa and Guam, and is very common around American 172. KAHALA greater amberjack, Samoa over reef and ledge areas at about (H). Seriola dumerili (Risso). Two other am- 10 to 40 fathoms (18.3-73.2 m). Young fish frequent shallow-water reefs and berjacks, Seriolo rivoliona and S. 169. 'AWEOWEO (H). mamagas (G). mata- quinquerodioto, also occur in Hawaiian sometimes enter deep tide pools in pula IS). red bigeye. Priaconthus cruen- waters and may enter the sport catch. American Samoa: in Guam the young of this totus (Lackpede). DISTRIBUTION: Cir- DISTRIBUTION: Circumtropical. SIZE: All- species appear to prefer deeper water. In cumtropical. SIZE: Up to about 12 inches tackle record (Bermuda) is 149 pounds (67.6 Samoa they are caught handlining and (30 cm): averages about 6 to 8 inches kg) with a length of 71 inches (180.4 cm). sometimes trolling: in Guam most are taken (1520 cm). COLOR Variable; known to change Most caught in Hawaii are around 2 feet by spear fishermen. Considered a fine food its coloration rapidly from deep red to fish. (61 cm) long and about 8 to 10 pounds (3.6 silvery, or to a mottled silvery pink and red: 4.5 kg). COLOR Light metallic brown with fins are often speckled with black. 0 In a purplish tinge. When alive, a faint lemon- KUHLIIDAE: AHOLEHOLES Hawaii and American Samoa this nocturnal yellow band extends from the head to the reef fish is found in shallow reefs and in base of tail. 0 The kahala inhabits bays and harbors where it feeds primarily Hawaii's deeper coastal waters between 40 on free-swimming invertebrates and small to 100 fathoms (73.2-182.9 m), living near fishes. It is uncommon in Guam. In Hawaii the bottom. The most productive fishing the 'aweoweo is usually taken during the areas seem to be over deegsea ledges or evening and moonlit nights are considered drop offs. This fish also occurs in Samoa. best. Occasionally great schools of juvenile and similar species, if not the same, occur fish appear nearshore at night, and it was in Guam. Usually caught handlining off- once thought by early Hawaiian islanders shore. although on rare occasions this fish that the appearance of these immense may come close to shore within casting schools signified the imminent death of reach of shore anglers. Small fish are royalty. Taken pole fishing. handlining. and considered good eating. large fish only fair. spearing. Opinions about the food value of this fish very from fair to excellent.

167. AHOLEHOLE [H). mountain bass, 170. 'ALALAUA (H). Priacanthus alalaua silver perch. Kuhlia sandvicensis (Stein- Jordan and Ewrmann. 0 This is another dachner). DISTRIBUTION: Hawaiian member of the bigeye family taken by Islands. SIZE: Up to 12 inches (30 cm): Hawaiian fishermen. It does not occur as usually from 4 to 6 inches (10-15 close to shore as the 'aweoweo. usually cm). COLOR: Silvery: fis often dusky tip found in water deeper than 50 feet (over ped. 0 An abundant inshore fish found in 15.2 m). SIZE: Reaches up to 14 inches (36 streams. along the shoreline. around pilings cm) long. 36 173. ‘OPELU (H). ‘opelu-mama (HI. achuman (GI. mackerel scad. Decapterus pinnulotus (Eydoux and Souleyet). This fish is very similar to the Atlantic mackerel scad. Decopturus mocorellus (Cuvier). 177. PA’U’U (H). tarakito (G) (young DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Pacific Ocean. called “papio” (H). “lupo” (S). or SIZE: Up to 20 inches (51 cm) in length “tarakitiyos” [GI. as are the young of other usually less than 10 inches (25 jacks). crevalle. jack crevally. Caranx cm). COLOR: Bluish or greenish yellow ignobilis [Forsk&]. DISTRIBUTION: above. silvery below. 0 Found in schools 175. WHITE ULUA (H). ulua kihikihi. Tropical IndWPacific and Red Sea. SIZE: near the surface and in mid-water and kagami ulua [q,thread crevally, Alectis Up to about 3 feet (91 cm]. COLOR Pale common to the coastal waters of Hawaii ciliaris (Bloch). Previously known as olive above with a greenish tinge around and Samoa: rarely taken in Guam. In Carongoides ojox. A similar species. Alectis the head: sides white: yellow anal Hawaii, the young under 5 inches (<13 indica (Riippell). also occurs in Hawaii and fin. 0 One of the more common jacks found cm) long school far out at sea where they may enter the sport catch. DIS- around the Pacific Islands. The young are often become the prey of aku or skipjack TRIBUTION: Tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE: caught by shore anglers with pole and line twa. Caught by hook and line at night and Up to 3% feet (107 cm) long; usually about in brackish-water bays and harbors with a special ‘opelu lift net during the day. 10 to 15 pounds (4.5-6.8 kg). COLOR: Adult throughout the islands. In Hawaii live An excellent food fish also used as bait fish are dusky white, often darker along the shrimp, or “opaa.” is used almost ex- and live chum for large tuna and marlin. dorsal area: young are silvery. 0 The clusively as bait for small fish under 2 juvenile form, called ulua kihikihi. is one of pounds (0.Q kg). Adult fish are found over the most beautiful fish in Hawaiian waters, nearshore reefs and are caught casting with the first four or five spiny rays of the from rocky shores and ledges and dorsal and anal fins produced into long sometimes by spearing. An excellent food trailing streamers. As the fish matures, fish. these spines grow shorter, and in some adults they disappear completely. The young are often found in harbors and other sheltered waters, but upon reaching maturity this once delicate creature assumes a more jacklike appearance, moves to deeper and more open water. Taken from rocky shores with heavy bait- casting gear. Offshore they are frequently caught deepwater trolling or handlining at 174. AKULE (HI. aji (H). atule (S). atulai depths of about 10 to 30 fathoms (18.3-54.9 (G). hiting (G). mackerel bigeye scad. Selar m). An excellent food fish. served raw or crumenoptholmus (Block). In Hawaii, fish cooked. up to 5 inches (13 cm) are called “hahalalu” or “halalu”: those about 5 to 7 inches (13-18 cm) called “ma’au”: and 178. ‘OMILU (H). hoshi ulua (H), oshi (H). those over 7 inches called akule. illioli (H). omilumilu (H). melauli (S). DISTRIBUTION Tropical Pacific. SIZE: Up tarakito (G). star jack. spotted jack, blue to 15 inches (38 cm]: average caught by ulua. blue crevally. Coranx melampygus anglers is under 8 inches (20 cm). COLOR: Cuvier and Valenciennes. DISTRIBUTION: Olive green on dorsal area, golden or Tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE: Up to 3 feet silvery on sides and head: tail fin yellow [91 cm): most fish taken are about 1 to 2 and a faint spot on gill cover. 0 The akule pounds (0.5-0.9 kg). COLOR: Rather is a schooling fish inhabiting the mid- or variable. usually brownish blue above and surface waters along the coasts of all the silver tan on sides end belly. Fish between islands. the young often coming close to 10 and 24 inches (25-61 cm) have many shore into protected bays and harbors. In small blackish spots on body: larger fish Hawaii. young fish or “halalu” offer great tend to lose spotting and become more of a sport to shore anglers fishing with light uniform dark metallic blue. R The ‘omilu spinning tackle and most are caught from 176. ‘OMAKA [HI. Atule mate (Cuvier and is another very common jack found about July to December. Adult fish are Valenciennes. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical , throughout the Pacific Islands. This fish found offshore where they are netted or Pacific. SIZE: Up to 12 inches (30 cm): ~ often moves in close to shore following handlined in season by commercial averages about 8 to 10 inches (2C25 ’ channels in coral reefs and is taken by fishermen. In American Samoa, this fish cm). COLOR Greenish yellow often with a shore anglers with surf-casting gear. It is occurs throughout most of the year and is brassy tinge over silvery sides. 0 This jack probably the most common ulua caught caught in lagoons and bays around Tutuila. is found in protected bays and estuaries in from shore in Hawaii. especially on the usually pole fishing from shore and piers Hawaii, and juveniles are very abundant in island of Hawaii where it is known locally and handlining from boats. In Guam, large fall around floating objects. Most ’omaka as illioli. Generally, young fish are found in schools of juveniles occasionally enter bays are caught with light spinning tackle from shallow bays and estuaries while medium- and are taken with surround nets and shore and piers, and handlining from boats sized fish from 6 to 20 inches (15-51 cm) are taken over reefs. largest fish are taken sometimes with spinning gear, usually from from March to October. Fresh and salted ~ The April to August: larger fish are taken anchovy [nehu) is used for bait. with trolling gear just outside the reefs. handlining offshore at night during dark Occasionally taken with throw nets and gill , Also taken spsaring. gill netting. and moon phases. An excellent food fish. nets. Considered an excellent food fish. I handlining. An excellent food fish.

37 184. LITTLE MAHIMAHI (HI, pompano I dolphin. Coryphoeno equisetis Linnaeus. DISTRIBUTION: Circumtropical. 0 This I fish is similar in appearance and habits to the mahimahi. but is known to reach a I length of only about 30 inches (76 cm). Occasionally taken by Hawaiian anglers 182. LAE [H),lai (SI, hagi [G). leather- jacket. runner, leatherback, Scomberoides lyson (Forskal). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical LUTJAMDAE: SNAPPERS IndePacific and Red Sea. SIZE:, Up to 25 inches (64 cm): usually 12 to 15 inches (30- 179. PAKE ULUA [HI, mempachi ulua (H), young called papio (H). tarakito [GI. or lupo 38 cm). COLOR: Dusky above, fading to IS). Coronx sexfociatus Quoy and silver on sides and belly. 0 The swift- Gaimard. DISTRIBUTION Tropical Indw swimming lae is an inshore coastal fish that frequents sheltered bays and harbors and Pacific. SIZE: Up to 5 feet (152 cm) or more long; most caught weigh about 2 brackish-water areas near the mouths of pounds (0.9 kg). COLOR: Dark blue green streams. It feeds at the surface or in mid- to gold above: yellow green to silver below. water. mostly on smaller schooling fishes. Seldom found very far from shore. In The upper lobe of ~ the caudal fin is 185. UKU (HI.aso'ama (SI. gray snapper. black. fuveniles have four to seven dark Hawaii, caught with hook and line during the day, often by shore anglers casting bait Aprion virescens Cuvier and Valen- vertical bars. 0 Young fish are found in ciennes. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical tide pools and brackish-water areas out to or lures for young jacks. This fish should be handled carefully because of its sharp Pacific. SIZE: Up to 2 feet (61 cm] long: deeper coastal waters; adult fish live along usually about 8 pounds (3.6 kg). COLOR: rocky shores in turbulent water and over venomous anal spines. A good fighter on light tackle. Not widely sought after for Uniform grayish blue, with the dorsal area reefs. In Hawaii, the pake ulua is one of the more bluish than below. Dark blue towards largest of the jacks taken by anglers but food. In Hawaii the tough, leathery skin of the lae is valued for making trolling lures. head; three dark spots near base of dorsal this fish appears to be less common now fin. 0 Of the large deepwater snappers than in previous years. Caught by hook and discussed here. the uku occurs the nearest line from shore and from boats; adult fish CORYFWAENIDAE: DOLPHINS to shore and in relatively shallow water, are often taken along with 'opelu and akule usually less than 60 fathoms (109.7 m) deep. while handlining at night. Some are taken It is the most cylindrical of the snappers, by spears. An excellent food fish. having a long head and snout with a rather prominent groove on either side. Taken by 180. BLACK ULUA (H). tarakito (G). jack. hook and line over deepsea ledges or Coranx lugubris Poey. DISTRIBUTION: banks. usually on or near rocky or hard Circumtropical. SIZE: Up to 3 or 4 feet bottom. Some are taken by trolling. An (91-122 cml long: average weight about 4% excellent food fish. pounds (2.0 kg). This fish frequents outer 183. \ reef channels and is similar in appearance to C. sexfasciotus. but has a darker body color and an almost black head. 0 Caught by anglers in Hawaii and particularly abundant around Guam where they are taken with handlines over bottomfishing areas around the island. Although there are reports of the flesh of this species being poisonous in certain parts of the Atlantic, it 183. MAHIMAHI (H, GI. masimasi (SI. is commonly eaten in the tropical Pacific. dolphin, Coryphaeno hippurus Lin- noeus. DISTRIBUTION: Circumtro- 186. 'OPAKAPAKA (HI, pink paka (GI, pical. SIZE All-tackle record [Spanish pink snapper, F'ristipomoides filamentosus Wells. Bahamas] is 85 pounds (38.6 kg) with (Bleeker). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indw a length of 69 inches (175.3 cm). Hawaiian Pacific. SIZE: Up to 3 feet (91 cm) long fish range up to 72% pounds (32.9 kg), and about 18 pounds (8.2 kg); usually 5 to 6 average about 25 pounds (11.3 pounds (2.3-2.7 kg). COLOR: Light violet kg]. COLOR. When alive the body is brown dorsally, fading to dusky white brilliant yellow and green dotted with below; pectoral fin yellowish. Last rays of 181. KAMANU (HI, Hawaiian salmon, phosphorescent blue. the dorsal fin is dorsal and anal fins produced into rainbow runner. Elegotis bipinnulatus purplish blue. This beautiful fish flashes a filaments that reach base of tail fin. 0 Like [Quoy and Gaimard). DISTRIBUTION: rainbow of colors when caught, and also the uku. the 'opakapaka is a deepwater fish Circumtropical. SIZE: The all-tackle just before dying. 0 Perhaps this is the most abundant over rocky bottom drop offs. record-a fish taken off Kauai-measured best known and most colorful of game One of the more common snappers caught 3 feet 11 inches (119.4 cm) and weighed 30 fishes and one of the most abundant over Guam's banks. with most taken at species caught deepsea trolling in the pounds 15 ounces (14.0 kg). Most kamanu depths of 100 to 150 fathoms (182.4274.3 caught in the Pacific Islands weigh around Pacific Islands. Mahimahi inhabit the open m). This fish is also reported to be abun- 12 to 15 pounds (5.4-6.8 kg]. This fish is sea, sometimes swimming in large schools. dant over the offshore ledges of American reported to reach 70 pounds (31.8 kg). Commonly seen swimming close to the Samoa at about 200 to 300 fathoms (365.8 although this seems doubtful. COLOR: surface near schools of flying fish on which 548.6 m). but these bottomfishing areas are Dark blue above followed in succession they feed. or around floating o6jects. Small seldom fished. In Hawaii, it is generally down the sides by a light-blue stripe, then a fish up to 5 pounds (2.3 kg) are plentiful found in shallower water at around to yellow stripe. then another light-blue stripe. 40 around the Hawaiian Islands in summer; 100 fathoms (73.2-152.9 m) and young fish large fish 30 to pounds (13.6-18.1 kg) are Yellowish silver below. fins yellow. 0 This 40 are sometimes taken in 20 fathoms (36.6 m). sleek and colorful member of the jack taken February to April. Common off Taken handlining; in Hawaii, most are family is an open-ocean species, usually American Samoa and Guam year-round, caught during the winter months. An er- seen and caught near the water's surface. with best fishing off the western coast of cellent food fish. Exceptionally large fish are taken in Guam usually from January to April (larger Hawaii. especially off Kauai and Oahu. fish are caught later in the season). Males Also caught off American Samoa and have an almost vertical head profile and Guam. Caught by trolling with small lures grow to larger sizes than the females. or baits. also with handlines. Excellent Taken trolling and handlining and is as eating. cooked or raw. delicious to eat as it is beautiful. 38 187. YELLOWTAIL KALIKALI [G). 190. ONAGA (H. GI. 'uta'ula koae (HI. Pristipomoides ouricillo (Jordan. Evermann. palu (SI. red snapper, Etelis corbunculus Cuvier. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Pacific 193. GINDAI (GI. Rooseveltio brighami and Tanaka). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical (Seale). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Ind* Pacific. SIZE: Up to about 18 inches (46 and Indian oceans. SIZE: Up to 36 pounds (16.3 kg): most run about 4 to 5 pounds (1.8- Pacific. SIZE: Up to 20 inches (51 cm) long. COLOR: Body purplish with 17 cm). COLOR: Alternating red and yellow to 18 narrow. irregular chevron-shaped 2.3 kg). COLOR: Red above; silvery pink below: eye red and mouth red or pink vertical bars: dorsal. pectoral, and caudal yellow bands: iris yellow: edge of upper lip fins yellow. This colorful Guam snapper yellow: fins yellowish, upper lobe of tail fin dorsal and tail fin red. 0 In Hawaii caught 0 is commonly taken over 1OOfathom (162.4 with a purple margin. Large males over over offshore drop offs, usually in water deeper than the uku or 'opakapaka at m) drop offs around the island. It also about 10% inches (27 cm) have a rather occurs in American Samoa and oc- distinct yellow blotch on upper lobe of tail depths of 80 to 130 fathoms (146.3-237.7 m) but not more than 160 fathoms (292.6 m). casionally appears in Hawaiian markets. A fin. O-A very common deepwater snapper good food fish. in Guam, caught handlining over offshore This is also a common snapper taken over ledges and banks at similar depths as P. ledge areas and banks off Guam and filamentosus. An excellent food fish. Samoa, usually at depths of 100 fathoms (182.9 m) or more. Caught handlining year- round. mostly during daylight. Onaga is a very important market fish in Hawaii. The meat has a delicate sweet flavor and is usually served raw, "sashimi" style. It brings a high price at the market especially during the New Year's season when the demand for traditional "onaga-sashimi" is at its peak. Also prepared as a special dish for weddings.

188. YELLOWEYE OPAKAPAKA (G). 194. TAAPE [HI, savani IS). funai (G). Pristipomoides flavipinnus Shinohara. 191. 'ULA'ULA (H). ehu [G). Etelis marshi (Jenkins). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indo- bluelined snapper, yellow-and-blue sea- DISTRIBUTION: Ryukyus and Guam. SIZE: perch. Lutjanus kasmira (ForskHI). DIS Up to at least 17 inches (43 cm) or more Pacific. SIZE: In Hawaii up to 2 feet (61 cm) long. In Guam this fish is known to TRIBUTION: Tropical IndwPacific. SIZE long; fish over 16 inches (41 cm) occur reach 40 pounds (18.1 kg) in weight, but Reported to reach 15 inches (38 cm) frequently in catch. COLOR: Body long. COLOR: Bright lemon yellow with lavender brown becoming pale towards most caught are about 2 pounds (0.9 kg). COLOR The 'ula'ula is similar in paleblue stripes edged with lavender or belly; eye yellow; snout and head mottled deep purple. This distinctively colored with narrow. irregular, light-yellow streaks. appearance and habits to the onaga. but lacks the red coloration on the inside of the fish is probably the most abundant inshore Scales have yellow spots which form thin snapper taken in American Samoa. where horizontal stripes above lateral line; fins mouth and usually has a yellowish band along the middle of the sides. 0 Taken it is commonly found in water 20 to 100 yellowish. 0 This is another common Guam fathoms (36.6182.9 m) deep. Relatively snapper taken at about the same depths as handlining along with onaga in Hawaiian waters, and one of the more common common around Guam at depths of 35 to 40 P. filamentosus and P. auricillo. An ex- snappers found in Guam and American fathoms (64.C-73.2 m). though generally cellent food fish. Samoa over offshore ledges and banks. An incidental in the sport catch. Introduced to excellent food fish. Hawaii from the Marquesas in 1958 and 1969. where it now has entered the sport and commercial catch in significant numbers. In the Hawaiian Islands ta'ape are found in large schools over hard bottom in water 40 to 100 feet (12.2-30.5 m) deep, with adults sometimes in water up to 240 feet (73.2 m) deep. Caught handlining at night; some are taken in traps in Hawaii. A very good food fish. 189. KALIKALI (H), pink kalikali (G). Pristipomoides sieboldii (Bleeker). DIS- TRIBUTION: Tropical Pacific and Indian 192. LEHI (G). Aphareus rutilons Cuvier oceans. SIZE: Up to at least 18 inches (46 and Valenciennes. DISTRIBUTION: cm). COLOR: Light lavender above Tropical Pacific. SIZE: Up to at least 3 becoming paler below. Scales above the feet (91 cm) long. COLOR: Brick red. A lateral line have paleblue spots in the common Guam snapper taken bandlining on center, forming lengthwise lines that the bottom over the Galvez Bank and off become indistinct toward the belly. Margin much of the leeward and windward coasts. of dorsal fin orange with light lavender: tail This species also occurs in American fin dark lavender with a light margin. Samoa and Hawaii. but is not important in 17 This offshore snapper is commonly taken the sport catch. around Guam handlining over offshore banks and ledges at depths from 100 to 150 fathoms (182.9-274.3 m); none have been reported from depths less than 1M) fathoms 195. TOAU (HI. bua (GI. red-margined (182.9 m). In Hawaii, the kalikali is seaperch. Lutjanus fulvus (Bloch and relatively minor in the sport catch, where it Schneider). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical is taken from depths of 60 to 200 fathoms Pacific. SIZE: Reaches a length of about (109.7-365.8 m) with most caught in water 13 inches (33 cm). COLOR: Dusky yellow 80 to 120 fathoms (146.3-219.5 m). Con- above fading to pale yellow or white below. sidered an excellent food fish. with thin longitudinal yellow stripes along 39 the scale rows. Dorsal and tail fins dusky common in Samoan waters. It is considered red: anal and pelvic fins yellow; pectoral a good eating fish and is usually caught by fin yellow on upper edge: small gold flecks handline. Some are taken with spears and and broken lines on head and cheek nets. area. 0 An inshore fish found in brackish water and around stream mouths out to about 40 or 50 feet (12.2-15.2 m) of water. MULLIDAE: GOATFISHES sometimes entering deep tide pools. Feeds on small fishes and invertebrates and often seen in small aggregations. Successfully introduced to Hawaiian waters in 1956 and 198. MALA'I (SI. fafaet [GI. red snapper. 1958. Taken by hook and line from shore and from boats; taken also with gill nets, Lutjonus gibbus (Forskel). DISTRIBUTION surround nets, and spears. Considered a Tropical IndePacific. SIZE: Up to 24 very good food fish. inches (61 cm). COLOR Body uniform red with red eyes. Large adults often are slightly dusky above and reddish below. 0 A common snapper taken about reefs in American Samoa and Guam, occurring in moderately deep water. Usually taken handlining over the deeper parts of the 201. WEKE-'A'A (HI. i'a sina (SI, afolu (S). reef: in Guam, some are taken spearing. salmonete (G). spot weke. spot goat- Reportedly the flesh of this species causes fish-young called "oama" in Hawaii and "teau" in Guam. Mulloidchthys flovolin- severe poisoning in other parts of its range; however, fish taken from American Samoa eotus (LscBpBde). DISTRIBUTION: and Guam waters are said to be not toxic Tropical IndePacific. SIZE: Up to 18 and are commonly eaten. inches (46 cm); "oama" average about 5 inches (13 cm) or less. COLOR: Silvery 196. KAKAKA (GI. vava sui (S). feloitega white with a yellow horizontal band ex- (SI. taiva uli'uli IS). Lutjonus monostigmus tending from eye to tail: spot as indicated. (Cuvier and Valenciennes). DISTRI- WINIDAE:EMPERORS This fish can change its markings rather BUTION: Tropical Pacific. SIZE: Up to 18 rapidly. with additional spots or blotches inches (46 cm); most caught are about 10-12 appearing along the lateral yellow band inches (25-30 cm). COLOR: Olive-green which becomes paler and edged with body (sometimes coppery red, particularly blue. 0 A very common inshore goatfish in Samoan waters); scales on side brassy; throughout the Pacific Islands, occurring on belly yellowish white or light coppery red: or near the bottom in schools or small lips bright red; fins all bright orange aggregations over sandy patches, that in- yellow. In general. this fish usually is tersperse reef areas. When feeding, it distinguished by the small but prominent rummages in the sand for food with its black spot on its side. 0 One of the larger fingerlike chin barbels. leaving puffs of nearshore snappers commonly taken from sand clouds in its wake. In Hawaii during shore over reef areas around the island of 199. FILOA (S). lililok (GI. green snapper. late summer the young or "oama" swarm in Guam and American Samoa. Like some Lethrinus miniatus (Forster). DIS- shallow sandy areas and are caught from other members of the snapper family it has TRIBUTION Tropical Ind*Pacific and Red shore with poles and lines. Adult fish are been linked with cases of ciguatera. or fish Sea. SIZE: Up to about 36 inches (91 mostly speared or netted; some are caught poisoning; but in Guam it is commonly eaten cm). COLOR: Body dark brown to grayish, in fish traps and handlining from boats. In and is also sold in the markets of American sometimes with dark mottling on sides: Guam. juveniles (teau) are much sought Samoa despite reports of it sometimes being dorsal, anal, and tail fins pinkish; pectoral after by cast netters and surround netters toxic there. fin yellow. 0 This long-snouted species is a and are quite common in the lagoon common inshore reef fish in American habitat. Considered a good food fish. Samoa and Guam, and is taken with a baited hook in water up to 100 feet (30.4 m) deep in American Samoa and up to 300 feet (91.4 m) in Guam. Large specimens are known to be slightly toxic in Samoa and other parts of this fish's range; however, it is said to be not toxic in Guam where it is highly prized as a food fish.

197. MU (S). tagafi (G). Lutjonus bohar (Forskil). DISTRIBUTION: Widespread 202. WEKWULA waders on the reef with lights. The kumu algal diet. The meat tends to fall apart when fried. is an extremely prized food fish in Hawaii. The flesh is considered a delicacy. LABRIDAE WRASSES POMACENTRIDAE: DAMSELFISHES

205. MOAN0 (HI. Porupeneus multifos- ciotus (Quoy and Gaimard). DISTRI- 210. 'AAWA (HI. hinalea (H). spot BUTION Hawaiian Islands. SIZE: Up to 12 wrasse, blackspot wrasse, Bodionus inches (30 cm) or so: averages about one bilunulatus (Lacigde). DISTRIBUTION third of a pound (less than 0.2 Tropical Pacific. SIZE: Up to about 24 kg), COLOR: Dark red with alternating 207. MAOMAO or "mamo" (HI. Abudefduf inches (61 cm) or about 8 or 9 pounds (3.6- bands of pale rosy red and darker red. abdominalis (Quoy and Gaimard). DIS 4.1 kg): most caught are about 5 pounds Usually distinguished by the dark-red-to- TRIBUTION: Hawaiian Islands. SIZE: Up (2.3 kg) or under. COLOR: Highly variable black bar that extends down between the to 9 inches (23 cm): most taken are about 5 with age and sex as is the case with many two dorsal fins. 0 This small goatfish is inches (13 cm) long. COLOR: Pale brassy members of the wrasse family. Females go found over sand bottom from the shore to or green with four or five black vertical through three color phases with growth: depths of about 40 fathoms (73.2 m), and bars as indicated. Belly white with yellow fish 4 to 12 inches (1030 cm) long are like the other goatfishes mentioned it is tinge near the anal fin. 0 This delicious nearly all red with a black spot under the usually found where patches of sand in- little pan fish abounds in shallow-water soft dorsal fin; those over 12 inches (30 cm) tersperse rock or coral. An abundant in- reefs, harbors, and bays throughout the are usually plain bluish black. Males are shore reef fish, taken in traps and by shore islands. It feeds on small crustaceans in the marked as illustrated: dark reddish brown anglers with spinning and bait-casting gear. water and is often found in loose or purplish bands on heed area thinning to often along with papio and other small aggregations hovering over the reef or narrower and somewhat redder stripes on goatfishes. On the big island of Hawaii most darting around pilings and other un- sides and belly, which is white or pale are speared. though some are taken derwater structures. Maomao are the yellow: eye red: pronounced white band on handlining (drifting and at anchor). prime quarry of Hawaii's children who head area: dorsal, caudal. and anal fms Although small, the moan0 is considered by catch them from shore with pole and line yellow. 0 The 'a'awa is one of the larger some to be among the tastiest of Hawaiian using a very small hook. Also caught by Hawaiian wrassas and is fairly abundant food fishes. spearing, in traps. and with cast nets. throughout the coral reef habitat. It is 41 taken on the bottom in shallow water out to cm): usually about 6 inches (15 amid rock and coral at night. Young fish depths of about 100 feet (30.5 m) or more. cm). COLOR: Pale greenish with two or sometimes secrete a mucous envelope about with bigger fish occurring in deeper water. three irregular, broad, horizontal rosy themselves during the night which The 'a'awa. like other members of the stripes. which intermingle with greenish presumably serves as protection against wrasse family, is active during the day and stripes. brown blotches. and purplish bars. predators. It is the largest and most hides among coral or under sand at night. Dark-brown-twblack spots and reticulations commonly speared parrotfish in Hawaiian Caught handlining from boats. usually while on head. 0 This colorful wrasse is common waters-and the most prized. An excellent fishing for other species and often con- to open rocky surge areas and shallow- food fish. sidered a nuisance. Sometimes taken by water coral reefs, and is sometimes found spear. Opinions on the food value of this in deepwater tide pools. Although prin- 216. UHU (H). parrotfish. Scorus dubius fish vary from poor to good. cipally a daytime feeder, the hinalea is Bennett. 0 Another common parrotfish often taken at night and is caught by hook taken by spear in Hawaii. Primarily bright and line from shore as well as from boats orange with blue markings. Attains a length in the Hawaiian Islands. It is taken oc- of about 14 inches (36 cm). casionally by spear in Guam. The very slimy skin makes it difficult to hold. 217. HUMPBACK PARROTFISH. Scorus Opinions vary on its food value: generally gibbus Riippell and Cetoscorus bicolor not sought after. (Riippell). U These two parrotfishes are highly sought by Guam anglers. Not as common as they once were, especially the large specimens: both are hunted with spears. S. gibbus. larger of the two. is 211. POOU (H). Cheilinus rhodochrous known to reach 30 to 40 pounds (13.6-18.1 Giintber. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indw kg). Food value is excellent. Pacific. SIZE: Up to 2 feet (61 cm); most are about 10 inches (25 cm) or about W pound (0.3 kg). COLOR: Highly variable MUGILIDAE: MULLETS with growth. At 10 inches (25 cm). plain olive drab with a white saddle near the tail (see illustration). Fish 20 inches (51 cm) 214. HINALEA LAUWILI (H), 'a'ala'ihi and over have no white saddle, but have (H). saddle wrasse. Tholossomo duperreyi large black spots at base of the dorsal and (Quoy,, and Gaimard). DISTRIBUTION: anal fins, and the ventral fin is Hawaiian Islands. SIZE: Up to about 12 dark. 0 The po'ou is commonly found in inches (30 cm): most caught are under 6 reef areas around the islands of Molokai, inches (15 cm). COLOR: Adults are green Lanai, Maui. and Hawaii, at depths up to with a striking orange-brown shoulder 40 or 50 feet (12.2-15.2 m). In the Hawaiian bar. 0 A very abundant Hawaiian wrasse Islands it is often caught along with 'a'awa' found throughout the islands along shallow while handlining and spearing. Taken by rocky shorelines as well as in pure reef 218. 'AMA'AMA (H). aguas ( 8 in.. GI. spear in Guam. A good food fish. areas. This fish has an annoying hahit of < robbing a baited hook meant for more liguan (>8 in., G). striped mullet, mullet. desirable species and is often considered a Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical and temperate seas, world- pest by anglers seeking bigger and tastier game: its food value is considered poor. wide. SIZE: Up to about 18 inches (46 cm): most caught are around 12 inches (30 cm) long. COLOR: Silvery gray. 0 Although schools of 'ama'ams are found along the SCARIDAE: PARROTFISHES open coast, they seem to prefer calm waters close to shore. around mouths of streams and inlets and in brackish-water bays and harbors. Just about the most difficult fish to catch by pole and line, but this does not seem to discourage a select 212. TANGISUN (G). Cheilinus undulotus breed of Hawaiian islanders who patiently Riippell. DISTRIBUTION Tropical Indw wait for this finicky fish to take a tiny hook Pacific. SIZE: Known to reach 5 to 6 feet baited with bread or limu (seaweed). For (152-183 cm) or more in length, and over those with less patience, the 'ama'ama can 100 pounds (45.4 kg). COLOR: Mostly a be taken by a variety of other fishing gear dull. mottled olive green, each scale with a such as cast nets, gill nets, and surround vertical purplish line; red and green bars 215. UHU (H). green parrotfish. Scarus net (hukilau) and at nighttime torchlight and spots on dorsal and anal fins: tail fin perspicillotus Steindachner. DISTRI- fishing with hand nets or cast nets. In edged with yellow: pelvic fins BUTION: Hawaiian Islands. SIZE: Up to 2 Hawaii the fishing season is closed yellow. This exceptionally large wrasse feet (61 cm) or more: most caught are December through February. On American is caught in Guam: however, large around 14 inches (36 cm) long. COLOR: Samoa this fish is taken mostly with cast specimens frequently taken by local anglers Males and females differ markedly and nets. and in Guam most are taken with cast before the advent of scuba are now much were once thought to be two separate nets and surround nets, although light less common. This humpheaded wrasse is species. Large males have a distinctive spinning tackle is sometimes used near much prized and an excellent food fish. dark band that extends down helow the eye sand beaches. An important food fish. In Taken spearing and sometimes bait casting. across a humplike snout. The body is olive Hawaii a small number are raised com- colored. with each large scale edged with mercially in fish ponds. yellow. The dorsal fin is pea green with black stripes and peacock blue at the base. Chin area, edge of tail, ventral fin, are also a vivid peacock blue. Females are reddish brown with red fins, and the head profile is gently sloping, not vertical as in the adult male. 0 Found in rocky areas and coral reefs. usually more abundant at the reefs outer edges in water 2 to 4 fathoms (3.7-7.3 m) and deeper. Like other members of the 213. HINALEA (HI. aaga (G). Tholossomo parrotfish family. it scrapes algae off the 219. UOUOA (H). false mullet, Neomyxus fuscus (Lace'pbde). DISTRIBUTION: surfaces of rocks and dead coral with its leuciscus (GGnther). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Pacific. SIZE: Up to 11 inches (28 beaklike jaw teeth during the day. resting Tropical Pacific. SIZE: Up to 18 inches (46 42 cm): usually 6 inches (15 cm). COLOR beaches in surge areas. From August handled with respect. It carries formidable Silvery with a yellow mark on the upper through December small moi or "moi-li'i'' weapons at the base of the tail in the form part of the pectoral fin. 0 The uouoa (often occur in large schools along beaches and in of recurved spines which it can erect by pronounced wo-wo) occurs along sandy sheltered coves with some venturing into bending its caudal peduncle, and it usually shores and in tide pools as well as in rocky tide pools. Primarily taken casting with does so when threatened. These bladelike surge areas. Common throughout the baits, plugs. and spoons; also taken with spines can inflict a nasty wound. Opinions Hawaiian Islands. where most are taken cast nets. gill nets. and spears. Moonlit on its food value vary from fair to good. with cast nets. some by hook and line using nights are considered best for catching moi bread for bait. This species also occurs in by casting, although this popular sport fish 224. PALANI (H). ugupao [G). surgeonfish. Guam, but is not common. A good food fish. is caught both night and day. Acanthurus dussumieri Cuvier and Valenciennes. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE Up to and exceeding 18 SPHYRAENIDAE: BARRACUDAS inches (46 cm). COLOR: Spotted with ACANTHURIDAE: SURGEONFISHES black; bright-blue tail fin; fine blue lines on body fading towards belly; caudal spine 220. white and broadly edged with black yellow dorsal and anal fin. 0 The palani. a close relative of the pualu, is another surgeonfish that occasionally enters the sport catch in Hawaii and Guam. It occurs in bays and outer reef areas over sandy patches. Most are taken by traps: some are speared. Food 220. KAKU (H), alu 4G). great barracuda. value considered fair. Sphyraena borracuda (Walbaum). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical seas and Atlantic and Pacific oceans. SIZE: All-tackle record (Lagos, Nigeria) is 83 pounds 137.6 kg) with a length of 6 feet inch (183.6 cm). Most caught by anglers are under 50 pounds (22.7 kg). average is 5 to 10 pounds (2.3-4.5 kg). COLOR: Slate colored dorsally turning silvery on sides and belly. Black 222. MANINI (H). kicho (GI. convict tang. flecks on sides. 0 The kaku occurs inshore Acanthurus sandvicensis Streets. DIS as well as offshore and in a variety of TRIBUTION: Widespread throughout the habitats. Young fish frequent brackish- tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE. Up to 9 inches water areas and sometimes enter drainage (23 cm); averages about 6 inches (15 ditches and fish ponds in the Hawaiian cm). COLOR: Silvery. sometimes with a 225. KALA (H).tataga (G). ume (S), ili'ilia Islands. When close to shore in bays or yellowish tinge; black vertical bars. 0 This segi S). unicornfish. Naso unicornis around stream mouths barracuda are is Hawaii's most abundant surgeonfish and (Forskh). DISTRIBUTION Tropical Indo- usually solitary, but offshore this species can be found in almost any reef araa Pacific. SIZE: Reaches a length of 24 tends to travel in schools or small throughout the islands in both calm and inches (61 cm): averages about 16 inches aggregations. Caught casting from shore turbulent water. It is also common about (41 cm) long. COLOR: Dusky olive: fins and trolling lures and baits and handlining Guam. The young inhabit tide pools, but light blue; also light blue around the double from boats. A wire leader is essential. This with maturity work their way into deeper keel blades. Body color is sometimes very aggressive and toothsome predator should water. Primarily a schooling fish, but can pale. 0 The kala occurs in inshore reef be regarded with caution, in and out of the also be seen singly or in small aggregations. areas and along rocky shores where it water. Considered only fair as a food fish. In Hawaii the manini is usually taken by feeds on algae. It is a schooling fish The kawalea. or Japanese barracuda cast nets, but some are also taken with pole however, large individuals are sometimes (Sphyraena helleri Jenkins), is another and lie using shrimp or a special blend of seen singly on the outer edges of the reef. species of barracuda taken by anglers and octopus ink (each angler has his own The young are found occasionally in tide is usually caught handlining. It is a much recipe) as well as with gill nets. traps, and pools. Characterized by the horn on its smaller fish than the kaku. and reaches a spears. In Guam, most are taken with nets snout just about at eye level, which is hardly noticeable in young specimens. but length of about 2 feet (61.0 cm). A similar and spears. An excellent food fish. species, Sphyraena forsteri. occurs in lengthens with age. The skin is leathery Samoan and Guam waters. known locally and strong. and the two keel blades on as "sapatu" and "ah." respectively. each side of the tail are immovable and always in an open position. In Hawaii. kala are mostly speared, although some are taken with cast nets. gill nets, and hooks POLYNEMIDAE THREADFINS and lines. In Guam. this fish is taken spinfishing and with surround nets. Food value considered only fair.

SIGANIDAE: RABBITFISHES

223. PUALU (H), ugupao [GI.Acanthurus xanthopterus Cuvier and Valen- 221. MOI (H). young called "moi-li'i'' (H). ciennes. DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indo- boca duke (GI. Pacific threadfin. Pacific. SIZE: Up to about 20 inches (51 Polydactylus sexfilis (Cuvier and Valen- cm); usually about 10 inches (25 cm) ciennes). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indo- long. COLOR: Uniform purplish gray, Pacific. SIZE: Reportedly reaches about 24 sometimes with irregular dark stripes along inches (61 cm) long and about 10 pounds sides; dorsal and anal fins with three or (4.5 kg): most caught are about 12 to 14 four longitudinal blue hands. 0 The pualu inches (3Cb36 cm). COLOR Dusky above. is found in bays and harbors as well as 226. SESJUN [G). rabbitfish. Siganus silvery on sides and belly; fins black-tip in deep outer reefs where coral is in- spinus [Linnaeus). DISTRIBUTION: ped. 0 The moi is a highly sought-after terspersed with sand usually at depths of Tropical Indo-Pacific. SIZE: Most caught food and game fish in Hawaii, where it is 30 feet (9.1 m) or more. Taken with pole in Guam are 8 or 9 inches (2023 cm) in found in sandy holes (called "moi holes") and line; also trapped. netted, and speared. length. COLOR: Brown with narrow bluish along rocky shores. and along sandy Like most surgeonfish. the pualu should be lines forming a reticulated pattern along 43 the back; head plain gray or brownish skipjack tuna. Present in Hawaiian waters trolling and also drifting with live, cut. or cheeks silvery: tail fin with three to four throughout the year, but most abundant whole baits. In American Samoa the faint brown bars. Has slimy slippery skin during summer when the fish come fairly dogtooth tuna is commonly taken handlining with tiny concealed scales. 0 Sesiun is a close to shore in large schools. In Guam at dusk and at night over 1Wfathom herbivorous species that browses across they appear to be most abundant in early (182.8.m) drop offs. Caught only incidentally rock or reef areas, often in large schools. It spring. Anglers are guided by seabirds that around Guam and does not occur in is a very common shallow-water reef fish follow the schools and feed on small fishes Hawaii. found around the island of Guam, where it that the kawakawa flush to the surface. A is caught with cast nets, gill nets, and hard-fighting game fish. Good eating, 231. surround nets. This fish should be handled although not as much in demand as some of carefully-it can inflict venomous puncture the other tuna species. wounds with its fin spines. An excellent food fish.

231. ON0 (H). tosun (GI, wahoo. Acan- SCOMBRLDAE MACKERELS AND thocybium solondri (Cuvier and Valen- ciennes). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical TUNAS Atlantic and Pacific oceans. SIZE: All- tackle record (Cat Cay, Bahamas) is 149 pounds (67.6 kg) with a length of 6 feet 7% inches (202.6 cm). In Hawaiian and Samoan waters, ono average around 30 to 40 229. AKU (H). atu (SI. skipjack tuna. pounds (13.618.1 kg). In Guam, tosun bonito, Kotsuwonus pelomis (Lin- average about 20 pounds (9.1 kg). COLOR naeus). DISTRIBUTION Cosmopolitan in Generally dark blue above fading into silver temperate and tropical seas. SIZE: All- below with about 30 purplish-gray bars on tackle record in the Indian Ocean (Baie du sides that flash bright blue when the fish is Tambeau. Mauritius) is 40 pounds (18.1 kg) fighting a hook. Ordinarily a solitary fish 227. 'AH1 (HI. asi (S). yellowfin tuna. 0 with a length of 38% inches (98.4 cm). In that roams the surface waters of the open Thunnus olbocores (Bonnaterre). DIS Hawaii, aku average about 18 to 22 pounds TRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan in tropical and sea. usually over deepsea ledges where the (8.2-10.0 kg) in summer; 5 to 12 pounds (2.3- bottom drops off sharply. Often seen near subtropical seas. SIZE: All-tackle record 5.4 kg) rest of year. In Guam. this fish (San Benedicto Island. Mexico] is 308 floating logs and other debris that provide usually runs 3 to 7 pounds (1.4-3.2 kg) most shelter to small fish upon which the ono pounds (139.8 kg) with a length of 7 of the year: 10 to 12 pounds (4.5-5.4 kgl feeds. In Hawaii ono are often caught along feet (213.4 cm). In Hawaii, fish are known seasonally. COLOR: When alive, dark to range up to 300 pounds (136.1 kgl: with 'ahi while trolling over submarine metallic blue above, light dusky blue below. ledges in water 25 to 100 fathoms (45.7- average size varies with fishing area. In dark stripes as indicated. Latter half of general. deepwater fish found at about 182.9 m) deep. Taken intermittently dorsal region bright blue with oblique throughout the year over the billfish 1.130C1 fathoms (1.828.8 m] averaged about purplish stripes which fade soon after 100 pounds (45.4 kg); those caught in 25 to grounds off Guam. In American Samoa death. When excited or feeding, broad caught trolling along nearshore 1Wfathom 100 fathoms (45.7-182.9 m] averaged about dusky bars sometimes appear on 20 pounds (9.1 kg). COLOR: Blue green (182.4m) drop offs as well as offshore. The sides. 0 The aku is a schooling, pelagic ono is a strong persistent fighter. Its above, white below. A faint yellow stripe species common throughout the Pacific that fades after death, extends from eye to pointed jaws studded with sharp teeth Islands. its habits being generally the same should be carefully avoided. An excellent tail. Soft dorsal and anal fins and finlets as the kawakawa's. Sometimes in certain bright yellow; the dorsal and anal fins food fish aptly named "ono." Hawaiian areas such as off southeastern Lanai. aku word meaning "to have sweet taste." lengthen with age. 0 'Ahi is a pelagic come relatively close to shore; more often schooling fish found over deepwater banks they are found in water 100 fathoms (182.9 and submarine ledge areas. The young m) and deeper. Caught trolling year-round often travel near the surface feeding on using feathered jigs and other small lures. XIPMIDAE: SWORDFISHES schools of bait fishes and squid. This and located by flocks of seabirds. Best popular game fish can be caught year- fishing in Hawaii is in summer; in American round throughout the Pacific Islands. Samoa from about October to March and trolling or handlining with feathered jigs. in Guam from February to August. The fish plugs. or spoons. In Hawaii. most fishing has excellent flavor: is popular for sashimi takes place Iuly to November: in Guam. and dried. Also used as bait for marlin. February to August; and in American Samoa. March to July. Excellent eating. cooked or raw (sashimi style). 232. A'U (HI. mekajiki (HI. swordfish, broadbill. Xiphios gladius Lin- naeus. DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate seas. SIZE: All- tackle record (Iquique. Chile) is 1.182 pounds (536.2 kg) with a length of 14 feet 11% inches (455.4 cm). Averages about 250 230. TAG1 (SI. dogtooth tuna. scaleless pounds (113.4 .kg) in Hawaii's commercial tuna, white tuna. Gymnosordo unicolor catch. COLOR: Varies from metallic pur- (RGppell). DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Indw plish to blackish brown to almost black Pacific. SIZE: Reported to reach 250 generally, dark brown. 0 This solitary 228. KAWAKAWA (HI. black skipjack pounds (113.4 kg), but averages'about 20 open-ocean fish is sought by big-game tuna (GI. little tunny, bonito. false albacore. pounds (9.1 kg). COLOR: Deep purple anglers throughout its range but few are Euthynnus affinis (Cantor). DISTRI- above, silvery below; finlets yellowish. 0 ever taken by them in the tropical Pacific. BUTION: IndwPacific. SIZE: Up to 'about Tagi is a migratory fish found along the Broadbill are hard to find, hard to hook, 20 pounds (9.1 kg): most caught are around edges of deepwater reefs and submarine and even harder to land. In Hawaii. 4 or 5 pounds (1.82.3 kg). COLOR: Dark ledges where the bottom abruptly drops off most are taken by commercial longliners. green or blue above. silvery below: dark into deeper water. It either schools in Sport-caught fish are usually taken slow- wavy marks on dorsal area as indicated; small groups or is solitary. This fish is not trolling or drifting live, whole. and cut one to five dusky spots below pectoral fin as deep bodied as other members of the baits. Distinguished from the marlins by a are usually present. 0 The kawakawa is a tuna family and is distinguished by its large sword that is flattened rather than rounded schooling pelagic species usually caught "peglike" teeth and lack of body scales. A in cross section.'and by the rigid dorsal fin trolling over IWfathom (182.8m) drop fine food and game fish that puts up a that is not retractable as in other billfishes. offs. and often in association with aku. hard. jerky fight when hooked. Caught An excellent food fish. 44 ISTIOPHOBIDAE: BILLFISHES length of 11 feet (335.4 cm]. Hawaiian striped mar!in may reach up to 150 pounds (68.0 kg), but rarely over 100 pounds (45.4 kg). usually about 80 to 90 pounds (36.340.8 kgl. COLOR: Royal blue above. silvery below: lavender or pabblue stripes: dorsal and anal fins cobalt blue. These colors are most vivid when the fish is striking or 235. A'U (HI, kurokajiki (H). saula (S). fighting the hook. 0 Of the island groups blue marlin, Makoiro nigricans discussed here, this species occurs only in LacBpGde. DISTRIBUTION Tropical and Hawaii, where it is relatively common and 233. A'U'LEF'E (HI. bashokajiki (HI. saula- temperate waters of the Ind*Pacific and the leading biifish taken commercially. It is lele IS). sailfish. Istiophorus plotypterus Atlantic oceans. SIZE: All-tackle record not, however, caught by sport anglers in (Shaw and Nodder). DISTRIBUTION: (Ritidian Point, Guam] is 1,153 pounds as many numbers as the blue marlin. Cosmopolitan in tropical seas. SIZE: All- (523.0 kg) with a length of 14 feet 8 inches probably because most recreational fishing tackle record in the Pacific (Santa Cruz (447.1 cm): however, an unofficial catch for billfish in Hawaii occurs during the Island Galapagos) is 221 pounds (100.2 kg) was recorded at over 1.600 pounds (725.8 summer, a time of year when striped marlin with a length of 129 inches (327.7 cm). In kg) from off Oahu. In the Pacific Islands. are least abundant according to com- the Pacific Islands sailfish average about 50 most run about 300 or 400 pounds (136.1- mercial catch records (striped marlin pounds (22.7 kg) or less. COLOR Sail 181.4 kg). COLOR: When alive, cobalt blue catches tend to peak in spring and fall with cobalt blue to purple: body dark steely blue above and silver below; sometimes with few taken during the summer; the largest above and silvery white below; sides with pale-blue stripes on sides and blue patches fish are taken in the fall]. It is a beautiful palopurple vertical bars. 0 A pelagic on dorsal area end tail. Colors fade quickly fish and the most acrobatic of the marlins. open-ocean fish, often solitary, but known after death and fish becomes a dark slate often making breathtaking leaps into the air also to occur in small schools or groups, blue. 0 Occasionally confused with the in its struggle to free itself from the hook. preferring warm-water temperatures be- striped marlin. but distinguished by its Usually caught slow trolling with live baits. tween 74O to 88OF. One of the leading game more robust form and relatively low dorsal It is more slender than the blue or hefty fishes 'in American Samoa, where it is fin, of which the longest fin rays are black marlin and is distinguished by the taken surface trolling with baits and lures shorter than the greatest depth of the body. high pointed dorsal fin. the first rays of year-round. Also taken by sportsmen over Differs from the black marlin in that the which are higher than the greatest depth of the billfish grounds off Guam. Relatively pectoral fin can be folded flush to the sides the body, and a greater number of stripes rare in Hawaiian waters, and only oc- of the body. The blue marlin is the most on the body than the blue marlin. A high- casionally taken by anglers-most are tropical of marlins, usually occurring in priced food fish in Hawaii, popular for caught by commercial longliners. When water 70° to 88OF. It is the leading big sashimi and smoked. swimming, the huge saillike dorsal fin folds game fish in the central Pacific and the into a fleshy groove at its base, but often is most abundant sport-caught marlin in raised when the fish is fighting a hook. Its Hawaii, American Samoa, and Guam. This food value is poor. although some fish are extremely powerful and fast-swimming fish SCORF'AEMDAE: SCORPIONFISHES smoked. feeds mainly on members of the tuna family, particularly the skipjack tuna or aku. Occurs year-round throughout the islands covered here. and in Hawaii is most abundant during the summer. Sport fishing boats troll over bank areas looking for signs of schooling baitfish upon which marlin feed, or troll over offshore ledges where the bottom drops precipitously from 100 to 1.ooO fathoms (182.91.828.8 m) or more. Trolling with large Hawaiian lures or "konaheads" is especially productive. 234. A'U (H). shirokajiki (H). black marlin. although live, cut, and artificial baits also Mokoiro indico (Cuvier and Valen- ere used. 237. NOHU (HI. nohu omakaha (H). ciennes]. DISTRIBUTION Tropical and scorpionfish. Scorpoenopsis cocopsis temperate Pacific and Indian oceans. Jenkins. DISTRIBUTION: Hawaiian SIZE: All-tackle record (Cabo Blanco. Peru) Islands. SIZE: Up to at least 20 inches (51 is 1.560 pounds (707.6 kg) with a length of cm). COLOR: Mottled reddish. 0 The nohu 14% feet (442.1 cm). Known to reach 1,800 is usually found on the outer edges of reefa pounds (816.5 kg]: averages about 200 in water over 20 feet (6.1 m) deep. This fish pounds (90.7 kg). COLOR Variable. Most lives on the bottom where it blends in are dark slate blue above, silvery below remarkably well with its surroundings. lateral line. Sometimes a fish may have often making short lunges to capture un- pale-blue stripes or blue patches on sides 236. A'U (HI. naraigi (HI, makajiki (HI, suspecting prey. Although it resembles the that fade quickly after death. 0 The black striped marlin, Tetropturus audox highly venomous stonefish of the tropical marlin is the largest of all game fishes and (Philippi). DISTRIBUTION: Temperate and Pacific. there have been no reports of highly prized by blue-water anglers. tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. SIZE: injuries from being spined by the nohu. although only occasionally taken around the All-tackle record (Cape Brett. New Taken handlining and by spearing. also in Hawaiian Islands and off Guam and rarely Zealand] is 415 pounds (188.2 kg) with a traps. Highly regarded as a food fish. taken in American Samoa. It is an open- ocean fish and usually solitary. Distinguished from all other billfishes by the rigid pectoral fin that cannot be folded against the body without breaking the joint. It is also wider and deeper around the head then all other billfishes. Caught slow trolling with baits, fast trolling with lures: also drifting and at anchor with fresh or live baits. In Hawaii, the chance of landing one is best while trolling off the Kona coast or off Kauai.

45 beyond which the ocean bottom begins JETIT FISHING Fishing from any man- Glossary of Terms a relatively rapid descent to the deep made structure constructed of rock or ocean floor. stone or the like, which projects out CRAB RING A crab trap made of coarse into the sea or other body of water. mesh webbing attached to two iron JIG An artificial lure made to simulate A-FRAME NET A one-man net fitted on hoops, designed to lie flat on the live bait. It is usually made with a lead a &foot long ‘A’ frame, used to capture bottom but form a basket when raised. head cast on a single hook and is smelt (family Osmeridae) as the fish A bag of small mesh netting containing heavier than most other lures. come inshore to spawn in the surf. The bait [scrap fish or shellfish) is secured JIGGING Manipulating a jig to imitate a net is held near the pointed end of the to the center of the smaller inner ring live bait, thus attracting the fish to the “A” and planted down barrierlike in to attract the crab and keep it oc- hook. The jig can be lowered vertically the surf, facing the beach. The fish are cupied while the trap is pulled out of or cast some distrance away. then caught as they ride the backwash out the water. Popularly used for market jerked upward a short distance. to sea and are shoveled into the wide [Dungeness) and rock crab along the Immediately after this upward jerk the end of the net. then shaken back into a coast from central California north to lure is allowed to sink back. This sack at the pointed end. [See also Oregon and Washington procedure is repeated until a fish is SURF NE’ITING.) DIP NET A conical small-mesh net hooked, which is usually on the rise of ANADROMOUS Refers to fishes that attached to a rigid frame on a long the jig. spend most of their lives in salt and handle and used to catch fish and LURE An artificial bait. brackish waters but ascend rivers to other marine animals. Also called a MOOCHING A method of salmon fishing spawn in fresh or nearly fresh water. hand net or scoop net. from a drifting or propelled boat. The BOTTOMFISHING Fishing a bait or lure DRIFT FISHING Trailing a weighted or bait is sunk deep with a heavy sinker on or near the bottom from an an- unweighted line with live or dead baits then brought upward at an angle as chored or drifting vessel. The bait is behind a drifting boat. Artificial lures the boat is maneuvered forward a few usually weighted and allowed to are sometimes used, particularly when yards or the line retrieved. The bait is remain stationary until a fish bites or ”jigging.” then allowed to sink once again to the the angler retrieves it. ESTUARY A partially enclosed body of bottom and the procedure repeated. CASTING Throwing forth a bait or lure. water having a free connection with Usually whole or cut herring is used letting out line at each throw and then the open sea; within it saltwater and and rigged so that it has a spinning retrieving it. The bait also can be freshwater mix. action in the water. allowed to sink to the bottom or drift FEEDER SALMON A term usually ORIGIN OF FIN The anterior end of the with the current. applied to smaller. sexually immature base of a fin. CAST NET A one-man circular net salmon that concentrate in an area to PARTY BOAT A fishing boat carrying weighted at the rim with small sinkers feed. opposed to large, mature salmon large groups of anglers for a fee and and designed to be flung over the that move into an area prior to operating on a scheduled basis. Space water so that it falls face down or spawning. on the boat is sold to the general dishlike over schools of fishes, en- FISH TRAP A portable trap for fish and public until either the boat is filled to trapping them as it sinks to the bottom. shellfish usually made of wire mesh capacity or the scheduled sailing time Also called throw net and hand casting fitted over a rigid frame with an is reached. The captain usually net. opening on one side. Like all traps it is determines the type of fishing and area CHARTER BOAT A fishing boat hired designed so that entry is easier than to be fished, and the fee usually in- for the exclusive use of one or more exit. In the tropical islands fish traps cludes bait but not tackle. anglers, usually for a particular type of are commonly used to capture a PELAGIC Spoken of fish and other sea fishing. Tackle and bait usually are variety of reef animals. animals that are more or less in- furnished. GILL NET A curtainlike net suspended dependent of the bottom. They are CHUMMING A means of attracting fish in the water with mesh openings large charecteristically active swimmers, to the hook by throwing whole or enough to permit only the heads of the spending much of their time in mid- chopped fish or shellfish into the fish to pass through, ensnaring them water or near the surface. water. Oily fish usually make the best around the gills when they attempt to PIER FISHING Fishing from any private chum. In some areas bread crumbs escape. or public structure set on pilings that and corn meal are also used as chum. GILL RAKERS Bony, fingerlike projec- extends over a body of water. Live bait chumming is allowed in some tions on the gill arches, located under: PLANKTON A collective term applied areas. prohibited in others. neath the gill cover or operculum of chiefly to all those minute and ex- CIGUATERA An illness with symptoms bony fishes. tremely diverse forms of plants and such as diarrhea and paralysis caused HANDLINING Angling with a fishing animals that drift with the currents. by eating certain fishes living in line held in the hand, without using a PLUG A nonspecific term for any ar- tropical and subtropical regions, rod or reel. tificial lure having a distinct “body” usually where coral reefs are well INLET A narrow passage of water made of wood or plastic and havlng developed. It is seldom fatal. connecting the open sea with protected one or more sets of single. double, or COASTAL Refers to marine fishes coastal and inland water. treble hooks attached. Most plugs are which spend much of their lives within JAG SALMON A term applied to small. designed to wobble or create a com- a few miles of shore. but sexually precocious male salmon motion in the water when retrieved. CONTINENTAL SHELF A submarine (chinook or coho) capable of spawning POKEPOLING A unique method of plain extending out from shore to a at 2 years of age. Most male chinook rocky-shore fishing for blennies and depth of 100 fathoms (183 meters). and coho mature a year or more later. other crevicaseeking animals that 46 inhabit deep tide pools along the avoid backlashes in the line. spawn. usually a few hours just before Pacific coast mainland. The gear is SPOON An artificial lure with a curved and after high tide. essentially homemade. A long bamboo or dished out body that wobbles but SURROUND NET A beach seine. pole of about 9 to 12 feet is fitted with does not revolve. Attracts fish by its typically a long net having floats along a semiflexible wire tip to which a movements as well as color. the upper edge and weights along the nylon-cord leader and hook are at- STILL FISHING Fishing natural baits bottom. used to capture an assortment tached. The bait, usually mussel or from shore. pier, or anchored boat. of fishes in shallow protected water. shrimp, is "poked' into crevices under Usually the bait is fished on or near The net is held in place on the shore at and between large boulders in rocky- the bottom, although sometimes held off one end while the other end is pulled surge areas at low tide, then retrieved the bottom with a float. out around the fish to another point quickly after the first sharp tug of a SQUIDDING Casting metal lures called farther down the shore line. The net is fish. "squids" into the surf. This term is then pulled slowly to the beach en- POPPER A lightweight artificial lure also used in Hawaii to describe fishing closing the fish in a decreasing made of cork or plastic having a for octopus, called "squid' by island- semicircle. In Hawaii, largegroup concave face that produces a popping ers. When "squidding." one walks out surround net fishing is called sound when twitched on the water's across the reef armed with a spear, "hukilau." surface. Attracts fish by the commotion looking for octopus with the aid of a SPEAR FISHING Impaling fish with a it causes in the water. glass-bottomed box. Lights are used spear from either above or below the SCUTE A modified fish scale formed when fishing at night for "night squid." water's surface. into an external bony or horny plate. SURF FISHING Casting a bait or Iura TORCH FISHING Locating or attracting SKIFF FISHING Recreational fishing along sandy beaches for fishes that marine animals at night with a light from a relatively small private or frequent the surf zone. A long flexible held above the surface of the water. rented boat that does not carry any rod is usually used to help hurl the bait Torch fishing usually takes place on paying passengers. a maximum distance and to hold the calm dark nights over shallow reefs at SPINNER An artificial lure with metal line high enough to clear the breakers. low tide, and when the animal is or plastic blades that whirl on a shaft Also called surf casting. located. it is either speared or netted. or a swivel as the lure is retrieved. SURF NElTING A unique type of Pacific TROLLING Trailing artificial or natural Attracts fish by the commotion it coast fishing using special one or tws baits behind a moving boat. The bait causes as well as by its flash. man nets to catch smelt along sandy can be made to skip along the surface SPINNING A method of rod-and-reel beaches. [See also A-FRAME NET.] or trailed below at any depth to just fishing distinguished by the use of a Generally, there are two separate above the bottom. A bait or lure trailed fixed-spool reel or "spinning" reel. fisheries-one during the daylight behind an angler walking along a pier. When casting, the line slips off the end hours for day or surf smelt. and the bridge, or breakwater is also called of the reel spool, which does not other at night [and often on the same trolling. revolve as does a conventional bait- beaches] for night smelt. The fish are WATER COLUMN Spoken of the water casting reel spool. Spinning gear makes strained from receding breakers as from the surface to the bottom at a it easier to cast very light lures and they come into shallow water to given point.

HYPOTHETICAL FISH SHOWING ANATOMICAL TERMS

SOFT-RAYED SPINOUS DoRs*L FIN OORSAL FIN (I" DORSAL ) (2nd DORSAL) CAUMI

.PECTORAL FIN

YANALFIN

47 aweoweo 169 blacksmith 151 Index to conlflloll for opaleye 49 B black snapper 80 Nanies of Fishes barberpole blackspot wrasse 210 for flag rockfish 107 black surfperch 55 for treefish 106 black ulua 180 barrachon 95 blanquillo 36 The following is on olphobeticol listing of barracuda blenny eel 70 some of the common fish names used by California 69 blueback morine anglers who fish olong the Pocific great 220 for cutthroat trout 17 coast and around the Pocific Islonds. Mony Japanese 220 for sockeye salmon 15 Pacific 69 blueback salmon 15 times confusion arises when one common barred surfperch 51 blue bass fish name such as “snopper” or “boss” barred sand bass 3 for black croaker 47 refers to more thon one species. or when barry 69 for opaleye 49 more thon one name is used for the some bashokajiki 233 blue cod species depending upon the geographical bass for cabezon 116 oreo fished and sometimes even the size of barred sand 35 for sablefish 109 the fish itself. The purpose of this index is bigeye 150 blue crevally 178 to help locote information on the fish black blueeye perch 49 described in the Morine Came Fish section. for black croaker 47 bluefin tuna 73 for black rockfish 80 bluefish The numbers in this index are not page black sea 32 for blue rockfish 79 numbers: they refer to the paragraph num- blue bluelined snapper 194 bers preceding each species description for black croaker 47 blue marlin 235 on the two fish lists. for opaleye 49 blue perch bull 33 for blue rockfish 79 calico 33 for halfmoon 48 A giant sea 32 blue rockfish 79 ’a‘ala’ihi 214 ground 35 blue shark 3 aaga 213 kelp 33 blue spotted grouper 162 ’a‘awa 210 mountain 167 blue ulua 178 achuman 173 rock 31 bocaccio 97 afolu 201 sand 35 boca dulce 221 agua 158 spotted sand 34 bocalao 112 aguas 218 striped 31 bolina 89 ’aha’aha 160 sugar bonefish 157 ‘ahi 227 for barred sand bass 35 bonehead 74 aholehole 167 for olive rockfish 82 bonito. Pacific 74 aji 174 bass rockfish for aku 229 aku 229 for black rockfish 80 for kawakawa 228 akule 174 for olive rockfish 82 bonito shark 2 ’alalaua 170 bat ray 9 borracho 95 albacore 71 bayperch 55 broadbill 76. 232 false 228 bigeye bass 150 broadfin flounder 128 Allison tuna 72 bigeye. red 169 brown Irish lord 119 ah 220 bigeye rockfish 105 brown rockfish 89 ’ama’ama 218 bigeye scad 174 for quillback rockfish 90 amberjack big skate 140 brown smoothhound 4 for yellowtail 37 billfish bua 195 greater 172 see marlin. swordfish, sailfish buffalo cod 112 anchovy. northern 147 black bass buffalo sculpin 120 asi 227 for black croaker 47 bull bass 33 aso’ama 185 for black rockfish 80 bull cod 116 ata’ata 164 blackcod 109 bullfish 116 Atka mackerel 113 black croaker 47 bullhead atu 229 black marlin 234 for cabezon 116 atulai 174 blackmouth 12 for Pacific staghorn sculpin 118 atule 174 black perch bull trout 19 a’u 232. 234-236 for black surfperch 55 butterfish a’u-lepe 233 for opaleye 49 for Pacific pompano 78 awa 158 black rockfish 80 for sablefish 109 awaawa 156 black sea bass 32 buttersole 135 awa’aua 156 black skipjack tuna 228 button perch 49 48 C white 45 grass rockfish 84 yellowfin 42 gray reef shark 154 cabezon 116 for white seabass 41 gray shark 15-4 calico bass 33 cultus cod 112 gray smoothhound 5 calico rockfish 87 curlfin sole 132 gray snapper 185 calico surfperch 52 cutthroat trout (sea-run) 17 great barracuda 220 California barracuda 69 greater amberjack 172 California corbina 43 greenback 75 California grunion 30 D green cod 112 California halibut 121 daysmelt 20 greenling. fringed 111 California lizardfish 148 diamondback 124 kelp 110 California moray 144 diamond turbot 125 painted 115 California scorpionfish 108 dodo 208 red 111 California sheephead 66 dogfish, spiny 139 rock 111 California skate 141 dog salmon 18 whitespotted 114 California whiting 43 dogtooth tuna 230 greenling seatrout 110 canary rockfish 98 Dolly 19 green parrotfish 215 candlefish 22 Dolly Varden 19 green snapper cardinalfishes 171 dolphin 39, 183-184 for filoa 199 Catalina croaker 42 dolphin, pompano 184 for yellowtail rockfhh 85 Catalina perch dorado 39 greenspotted rockfish 103 for halfmoon 48 Dover sola 137 greenstriped rockfish 102 for opaleye 49 dude 101 green sturgeon 11 Catalina salmon 41 dusky rockfish 92 groundbass 35 cat shark 6 grouper(s) 162-166 cefalutano B6 E blue spotted 162 char, Oregon 19 eagle rays 9 salmon 97 chefra 104 eel grunion. California 30 cherna 80 blenny 70 guili 208 cherne 85 California moray 144 guitarfish(e8) 7. 8 chilipepper 96 monkeyface 70 China croaker for monkeyface prickleback 70 for black croaker 47 (Pacific Islands] 159 H for sargo 40 ehu 191 hagi 182 Chinafish 100 English sola 129 hahalalu 174 China rockfish 86 eulachon 22 hake, Pacific 27 chinook salmon 12 halalu 174 chub mackerel 75 F halfmoon 48 chub, sea 206 fafaet 198 halibut, California 121 chucklehead 103 fallsalmon 16 northern 123 chum salmon 16 false albacore 228 Pacific 123 GO sole 134 false mullet. 219 southern 121 coalcod 109 fantail 98 hammerhead. scalloped 155 codalargo 98 fathead 66 Hawaiian salmon 181 cod feloitega 196 hawkfish, spotted 209 black filione 98 herring, Pacific 145 for sablefish 109 filoa 199 for queenfish 46 blue flag rockfish 107 hinalea 213 for cabezon 116 flesh-colored rockhh 93 for 'a'awa 210 for sablefish 109 flounders. lefteye 121.122 hinalea lauwili 214 buffalo 112 flounders, righteye 123-137 hiting 174 bull 116 flounder, broadfin 128 hollywood 107 coal 109 fringe 130 hooligan 22 cultus 112 pointad-nose 129 hornyhead turbot 126 green 112 roundnose 127 horse mackerel 38 johnny 96 starry 124 hoshi ulua 178 Pacific 25 see olso sole, turbot, halibut, sanddab houndfish 160 true 25 fo 171 humpback parrotfish 217 coho salmon 13 fox shark 1 humpback salmon 14 Columbia river trout 17 fringed greenling 111 humpy 66 convictfish fringe flounder 130 for flag rockfish 107 fringehead. onespot 153 for treefish 106 funai 194 I convict tang 222 i'a manaia 166 copper rockfish 81 G i'a sina 201 corbina, California 43 gadao 162, 163. 165, 166 ili'ilia segi 225 corsair 101 gallo 104 illioli 178 corvina 43 garrupa 83 Irish lord, red 117 cowcod 104 gatala 163, 185. 168 brown 119 cowfish 104 gatala moana 162 ise 160 cow rockfish 104 genuine red 95 crevalle 177 gialoto 85 crevally. bue 178 giant kalpfish 152 1 jack 177 giant sea bass 32 jack(s) 37. 38. 173-182 thread 175 gindai 193 spotted 178 croaker giolo 85 star 178 black 47 goatfish(es1 201-205 jack crevally 177 Catalina 42 red 202 jack mackerel 38 china spot 201 jacksmelt 28 for black croaker 47 golden croaker 44 Japanese barracuda 220 for sargo 40 gopher 86 johnnies 96 johnny cod 96 golden 44 gopher rockfish 93 juarel 37 spotfin 44 for kelp rockfish 83 49 h rnanaloa 206 Pacific, hake 27 kayami ululi 175 rnanini 222 Parific halibut 123 kahal,i I:? manu 154 Pacific herring 145 k,ikak;i 1% manu kihikihi 155 Pacific mackerel 75 kaku 220 maomao 207 Pacific pornpano 78 kala 225 marbled srulpin 116 Pacific sanddab 122 Lalikali 189 marlin Pacifir sardine 146 pink 18'3 black 234 Parific staghorn sculpin 118 \elIub\tiiiI 187 blue 235 Pacific sturgeon 10 karnanu 181 striped 77. 236 Parific threadfin 221 kdwalea 220 masirnasi 183 Pacific tomrod 26 kawakawa 228 mala-i-taliga 155 painted greenling I15 keeltail needlefish 160 matanhagon 200 paka. pink 186 kelp hass 33 rnata-pula 169 pake'awa I56 kelpfish. giant 152 mekajiki 232 pake ulua 179 for kelp greenling 110 memparhi ulua 179 palani 224 kelp greenling 110 menparhi 161 palu 190 kelp rockfish 83 midshipman papio. see jacks. 177-180 fnr grass rorkfish 84 northern 149 parrotfish. green 215 kelp salmon 82 plainfin 149 humpback 217 kelp surfperch 62 milkfish 158 pa'u'u 177 kelp yellowtail 82 moano 205 perch kicho 222 rnoi 221 bay 55 kiluus 155 mol-li'i 221 black king 12 monkeyface eel 70 fcr black surfperch 55 kingfish 45 monkeyface prickleback 70 for opaleye 49 king salmon 12 moonlight Annie 171 blue kurnu 204 moonlight fish 171 for blue rockfish 79 kupipi 208 moray for halfrnoon 48 kurokaiiki 235 California 144 blue-eye 49 (Pacific Islands) 159 button 49 L mottled sanddab 122 Catalinil ladyfish 156 mountain bass 167 for halfrnoon 48 lae 182 mu for opaleye 49 lai 182 for Lutjanus bohar 197 silver lansi 171 for Monotaxis grandoculus 200 for aholehole 167 leatherhark 182 mullet 218 for silver surfperch 54 Ieatherlarket 182 false 219 see also surfperch(es] lehi 192 striped 218 petrale sole 127 lemnn sole 129 mumu moaga 200 pile surfperch 58 leopard shark 6 pink kalikali 189 ligiian 218 N pink paka 186 lililok 199 naraigi 236 pink salmon 14 ling 112 needlefish(es) 160 pink snapper 186 Iinprud 112 keeltail 160 pink surfperch 65 little inahiniahi 184 nenue 206 plainfin midshipman 149 little tunny 228 nenue parii 206 pointed-nose flounder 129 lizardfish. California 148 nero 80 pompano dolfin 184 loalia 200 night smelt 21 pompano. Pacific 78 longfin smelt 23 nohu 237 po'o-pa'a 209 longfin sole 131 nohu ornakaha 237 po'ou 211 longfiri tuna 71 northern anchovy 147 popeye rockfish 105 longnose skate 142 northern halibut 123 Porgy 50 lupn. spe jacks. 177-180 northern midshipman 149 potbelly 99 prickleback. monkeyface 70 \I 0 priestfish 79 ma'au 174 oama 201 pualu 223 mackerel ocean whitefish 36 puhi 159 Atka 113 '0'10 157 puhi-paka 159 chuli 75 oliveback rockfish 105 puius 160 horse 38 olive rockfish 82 pusi 159 iack 38 'ornaka 176 Parifir 75 'omih 178 Spanish 'omiiumilu 178 Q fur lark mat krrel 38 onaga 190 queenfish 46 striped 75 onespot fringehead 153 quillback rockfish 90 for iikuk 174 ono 231 Quinnat salmon 12 for s.lhlrfish 109 'n'opu-kai 209 rnarkrrt:l sriid Ii3 'opakapaka 186 R rn;ihim,ihi .19. 183 \elloweye 188 rabbitfish 226 little 184 npaleve 49 rainbow runner 181 rnakaliki 2.j6 'opelu 173 rainbow surfperch 60 mako. shurtfin 2 'opelu-mama 173 rainbnw trout (sea-run) 18 mrl1.i.i 198 orange rockfish 98 rasher 95 m;il,iu Ihl orange-spotted rorkfish 90 rasphead rockfish 99 rnaliiuli 178 Oregon r.har 19 ray. hat 9 malit' I 5.1 oshi I78 redbanded rockfish 107 rniilmii trout 19 red bigeye 169 rniilu 203 P redfish 66 marn.igiis If19 Pacific barracuda 69 red goatfish mdmdrnu 200 Pacific bonito 74 for kumu 204 rniirno 207 Parifir rod 25 for weke-'ula 202 50 red greenling 111 roosterfish sea perch red Irish lord 117 for cow rockfish 104 red margined 195 red-margined sea perch 195 rosy rockfish 101 yellow-and-blue 194 red rock cod (see rockfishes, red) roundnose flounder 127 see olso surfperch(es) red salmon 15 round stingray 143 sea-run cutthroat trout 17 red snapper rubberlip surfperch 57 sea-run rainbow trout 18 for mala’i 198 rudderfish 206 seatrout for onaga 190 runner. rainbow 181 for cutthroat trout 17 for vermilion rockfish 95 for lae 182 for Dolly Varden 19 for yelloweye rockfish 99 for greenling 110 for canary rockfish 98 steelhead redtail surfperch S for 18 50 for white seabass 41 red-spotted trout 19 sablefish 109 seaorita 68 red weke 202 saddle wrasse 214 serena 102 reina 102 sailfish 233 sergeant major 208 rex sole 131 salema 150 sesjun 226 rock bass salmon. blackmouth 12 shark for striped bass 31 blueback 15 blue 3 rock cod (see rockfishes) Cataha 41 bonito 2 rockfish(es) 74106 chinook 12 brown smoothhound 4 barberpole 107 chum 16 cat 6, 138 for treefish 106 coho 13 fox 1 bass dog 16 gray 154 for olive rockfish 82 fall 16 gray reef 154 for black rockfish 80 Hawaiian 181 gray smoothhound 5 bigeye 105 humpback 14 leopard 6 black 80 king 12 sand 154 blue 79 pink 14 scalloped hammerhead 155 bocaccio 97 Quinnat 12 shortfin mako 2 brown 89 red 15 shovelnose 7 for quillback rockfish 90 silver 13 swell 138 calico 87 sockeye 15 swiveltail 1 canary 98 1 spring 12 thresher 1 chilipepper 96 tyee 12 whaler 154 china 86 white 37 sharpnose surfperch 64 copper 81 salmonete 201 sheephead. California 66 cow 104 salmonete acho 203 shiner surfperch 61 dusky 92 salmonete manining 202 shiner, yellow 61 flag 107 salmon grouper 97 shirokajiki 234 flesh-colored 93 salmon trout shoflies 107 gopher 93 for coho salmon 13 shortfin mako 2 for kelp rockfish 83 for Dolly Varden 19 shovelnose guitarfish 7 grass 84 for steelhead (rainbow trout) 18 shovelnose shark 7 greenspotted 103 sand bass 35 silvergray rockfish 91 greenstriped 102 spotted 34 silver perch hollywood 107 barred 35 for aholehole 167 kelp 83 sanddab for silver surfperch 54 for grass rockfish 84 mottled 122 silver salmon 13 olive 82 Pacific 122 silversides oliveback 105 sand shark 154 for coho salmon 13 orange 98 sand sole 130 for rainbow trout (steelhead) 18 orangespotted 90 Santa Maria 103 see olso smeltls) popeye 105 sapatu 220 silver smelt 20 quillback 90 sardine, Pacific 146 silver surfperch 54 rasphead 99 sargo 40 skate red sasag 161 big 140 for canary rockfish 98 sasele 168 California 141 for vermilion rockfish 9s saula 235 longnose 142 for yelloweye rockfish 99 saula-lele 233 ski1 109 redbanded 107 saurel 38 skipjack tuna 229 rosy 101 savani 194 black 228 silvergray 91 scacciatale 101 slender sole 136 smallmouth 94 scad smallmouth rockfish 94 Spanish flag 107 bigeye 174 smeltls) 2024 speckled 90 mackerel 173 day 20 spotted 100 scaleless tuna 230 longfin 23 squarespot 94 scalloped hammerhead 155 night 21 starry 100 scomoda 84 silver 20 stripetail 105 scooter 69 surf 20 turkey-red 99 scorpionfish 237 whitebait 24 vermilion 95 California 108 for eulachon 22 widow 88 scratch-tail 101 for jacksmelt 28 whitebelly 81 sculpin for topsmelt 29 yellow-backed 90 buffalo 120 smooth sculpin 118 yelloweye 99 marbled 116 snapper(s1 185-198 yellowtail 85 Pacific staghorn 118 black rock greenling 11 1 smooth 118 for black rockfish 80 rock sole 128 for California scorpionfish 108 blue-lined 194 rock trout 110 seabass gray 185 rock wrasse 67 white 41 green roi 162 see olso bass for filoa 199 mnckv 45 sea chub 4849. 206 for yellowtail rockfish 85 51 pink 188 spotfm 63 UhU red striped 56 for Scorus perspicillotus 215 for canary rockfish 98 walleye 53 for Scarus dubius 216 for mala'i 198 white 59 uku 185 foronaga 190 surf smelt 20 ula oa 202 for vermilion rocwish 95 surgeonfish(es) 222-225 'ula'ula 191 for yelloweye rockfish 99 swell shark 138 'ula'ula koae 190 yellow swiveltail 1 ulua for canary rockfish 98 swordfish 76. 232 black 180 see also rockfish(es) blue 178 sockeye salmon 15 T hoshi 178 sole ta'ape 194 kagami 175 butter 135 tagi 230 mempachi 179 tagafi GO 134 197 pake 179 curlfim 132 taiva uli'uli 196 white tambor 175 Dover 137 99 ulua kihikihi 175 tang, convict English 129 222 umatan 168 lemon 129 tangisun 212 ume tanifa 225 longfm 131 154 unicornfish 225 petrale 127 tarakitiyos 177. 178180 uouoa 219 rex 131 see jacks 'upapalu tarakito 171 rock 128 177.17a180 'u'u 161 sand 130 see jacks slender 136 tataga 225 southern halibut teau 201 V 121 vava sui Spanish flag 107 ten-pounder 156 196 Spanish mackerel thornback 8 vermilion roc);fish 95 vete 202 for jack mackerel 38 thread crevally 175 speckledrockfish 90 threadfim. Pacific 221 viuva 88 spiny dogfish 139 thresher shark 1 spotfm croaker 44 tiger 107 titugi W spotfin surfperch 63 159 wahoo spot goatfish toau 231 201 195 walleye surfperch 209 tomcod 53 spotted hawkfish weke spotted jack 178 Pacific 26 red 202 spotted rockfkh 100 for young bocaccio 97 spotted sand bass for white croaker spot 201 34 45 weke'a'a 2M spotted turbot topsmelt 133 29 weke-'ula spot weke 201 tosun 231 202 whaler 154 spot wrasse 210 treefish 106 whitebait smelt 24 spring salmon 12 trout whitebelly rockfish 81 squarespot rockfish 94 blueback 17 white croaker 45 squirrelfish(es) 161 bull 19 whitefish, ocean 36 staghorn sculpin, Pacific 118 Columbia River 17 star jack white salmon 37 178 cutthroat (sea-run) 17 white seabass starry flounder 41 124 Dolly Varden 19 whitespotted greenling starry rockfish 100 malma 114 19 whitesurfperch 59 steelhead 18 rainbow (sea-run) 18 white sturgeon IO stingray. round 143 red-spotted 19 strawberry rock cod white tuna 230 102 rock 110 white ulua striped salmon 175 bass 31 whiting striped mackerel 75 for coho salmon 13 for ocean whitefish 36 striped marlin 77, 236 for Dolly Varden 19 striped mullet 218 for California corbina 43 for steelhead (rainbow trout) 18 widow rockfish 88 striped surfperch 56 steelhead 18 wrasse(s) 66-68, 210214 striper 31 truecod 25 stripetail rockfish 105 tuna blackspot 210 sturgeon rock 67 albacore 71 saddle green 11 Allison 214 72 spot Pacific 10 black skipjack 228 210 white 10 bluefm 73 sugar bass dogtooth 230 for barred sand bass 35 longfin 78 Y for olive rockfish 82 scaleless 230 yellow-and-blue seaperch 194 surffish skipjack 2-29 yellow-backed rockfish 9O for California corbina 43 white 230 yelloweye opakapaka 188 for smelt 20. 21 Yellowfin 72. 227 yelloweye rockfish 99 surfperch tunny, little 228 yellowfin croaker 42 barred 51 turbot yellowfin tuna 72. 227 black 55 diamond 125 yellow shiner 61 calico 52 hornyhead 126 yellow snapper kelp 62 spotted 133 for canary rockfish 98 pile 58 turkey-red roclrfsh 99 yellowtail 37 pink 65 turkey rock 99 kelp 85 rainbow 60 tyee 12 for yellowtail rockfish 85 redtail 50 yellowtail rockfish 85 yellowtail kalikali rubberlip 57 U 187 sharpnose 64 ugupao shiner 61 for palani 224 silver 54 z for push 223 zebra 75

52 and Game. Guam Division of Fish and Acknowledgnients Wildlife, Hawaii Division of Fish and Game. Oregon Fish Commission, Washington Department of Fisheries. and Washington Department of Game. Individuals assisting are listed below. We acknowledge with appreciation the assistance of the following agencies and To the many sport fishing boat and party persons in the development of this boat skippers and operators, members of publication. Much of the information was government agencies. and interested sport assembled during the period 1960-63 and fishermen who have contributed. and to published in 1963 by the U.S. Bureau of lohn Gottschalk for his support and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife as the “Atlas guidance. we wish to express our sincere of Eastern Pacific Marine Game Fishing” appreciation. We also acknowledge the (Circular #174]. This information has been invaluable assistance of rohn Smiles and updated and supplemented. Major con- NOAA Visual Services cartographers Jim tributors of information for the previous Schick and Jim Goodlin. who prepared the ”Atlas” and for this Guide are listed as detailed fishing charts. Special thanks go to follows: Alaska Fish and Game Department. Dan Miller who took time out from his busy American Samoa Office of Marine schedule to review the complete and very Resources. California Department of Fish lengthy manuscript.

Norman Abramson Richard Haley Eddie McEwen Joseph Souza Johanna Alban Frank Haw Alan McGie Don Stevens Charles Anderson Dave Heanes Daniel Miller Shirley Stribling Tom Arcoleo Frank Hester Howard Minor Jeannette Struhsaker Robert Ayers Thomas Hida Charles Morgan Paul Struhsaker Orville Ball Edmund Hobson Ed Neal Barbara Sumida Fred Berry Albert Ignacio Nancy Nelson Stanley Swerdloff Peter Boxford Isaac Ikehara Edwin Niska Gerald Talbot Robert Brown Robert Iversen William Nott Michio Takata Raymond Breuser Harry Kami Henry Okamoto Richard Thompson Raymond Buckley Richard Kanayama Eric Onizuka Spencer Tinker Eugene Burke Susumu Kato Russ Orrell Frank Van Hulle Jerry Butler James Kikuchi Jay Quast Jack Van Hyning Charles Campbell Stanley Kubik John Randall William Ver Brugge Larry Carrola A1 Lasater Russell Redick Bill Vogler William Craig Clayton Lewis Harry Rietze Charles Walters Roland Crisafi Blake Lightfoot Tom Riley Ron Warner Lillian Dempster Robert Loeffel Ron Rogers Percy Washington Gene Deschamps Rufo Lujan Henry Sakuda Ray Welsh Jim Dixon Mike Lund John Severa Henry Wendler Kenji Ego Thomas Manar Paul Shiota Sigrid Westerheim Frank Felter Sharon Marchese Richard Shomura Ed Whitesel John Fortune Ervin Martingale Robert Simpson Francis Williams Ronald Garvey Chester Mattson Rose Simpson Charles Yamamoto Wally Giguere Robert Meigs William Smoker Howard Yoshida Daniel Gotshall john McCosker C. Dale Snow Parke Young Barbara Zimmer

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