Dicionário De Plantas Medicinais

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Dicionário De Plantas Medicinais DICIONÁRIO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS José E. Mendes Ferrão e Maria Cândida Liberato C Caamembeca spectabilis (DC.) J.F.B.Pastore; Poligaláceas. Caamembeca (Brasil). Planta subarbustiva, ereta, originária da floresta da América do Sul tropical, de folhas lanceoladas, flores esbranquiçadas dispostas em racemos terminais. Na medicina local o infuso das raízes tem ação expetorante, diaforética, béquica, antidiarreica e usada como anti- hemorroidal. Caesalpinia crista L.; Fabáceas/Cesalpinioídeas (Leguminosas/Cesalpinioídeas). Árvore pequena ou arbusto trepador muito espinhoso, originário das regiões costeiras tropicais da Ásia, Austrália e ilhas adjacentes, de ramos revestidos de um indumento acinzentado, folhas bipinuladas, flores de pétalas amarelas dispostas em cachos terminais longamente pedunculados. As sementes são muito usadas para colares e pulseiras que fazem parte do artesanato local. O infuso do ritidoma é considerado tónico. Na Índia juntam diferentes órgãos com pimenta preta e usam a mistura como tónico e febrífugo. Várias partes da planta, principalmente folhas, raízes e frutos, são usados na Índia contra cólicas, da gordura das sementes fazem preparações cosméticas, o infuso das folhas, raízes e frutos é usado como tónico e antiperíodo e a polpa dos frutos para entorpecimento dos peixes. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.; Fabáceas/Cesalpinioídeas (Leguminosas/Cesalpinioídeas). Árvore-da-ave-do-paraíso, barba-de-barata, chagas-de-jesus, chagueira, flor-do-paraíso, flor-de-pavão, flor-da-ave-do- paraíso, flamboianzinho (Brasil). Barbados flower-fence, Barbados-pride, paradise flower, peacock flower (I). Árvore de pequeno porte ou arbusto, de origem incerta, considerada originária do N da América Central, cultivada e, por vezes, naturalizada em todas as regiões tropicais como ornamental. Todas as partes da planta são ligeiramente emenagogas. Em Angola, onde a planta se comporta como subespontânea, usam-na como ornamental e medicinal, o decocto das raízes contra as febres intermitentes e o infuso das folhas como purgativo. O infuso das folhas e das flores constitui um dos remédios purgativos mais empregados no México. Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth; Fabáceas/Faboídeas (Leguminosas/Papilionoídeas). Ervilha-de-angola, ervilha-do-congo, feijão-de- angola, feijão-do-congo (Portugal). Andu, ervilha-de-sete-anos, ervilha-do- congo, feijão-andu, feijão-de-árvore, feijão-guandu, guandeiro (Brasil). Pigeon pea, Congo pea, red gram (I). Planta arbustiva, considerada originária da Índia, onde foi domesticada e se difundiu para o SE asiático, mais tarde introduzida na África oriental de onde terá sido levada para a América tropical, hoje difundida nas regiões tropicais de todo mundo, durando a cultura normalmente três anos, de folhas trifoliadas, folíolos lanceolado-elípticos, cinzento- tomentosos na página inferior, flores de pétalas amarelas ou purpúreas conforme as suas numerosas variedades, reunidas em cachos muito curtos e paucifloros, vagens oblongo-lineares, pubescentes e glandulosas. Planta muito resistente à secura e por isso muito cultivada em zonas áridas ou subáridas destinando-se as sementes à alimentação humana. Muitas vezes a planta é usada como sideração. Nalguns locais do continente africano e na sua medicina tradicional, usam o decocto das folhas nas dores de dentes. No norte do Brasil usam o infuso das folhas e das flores nas hemorragias e em gargarejos nas inflamações da garganta, tosse e bronquite e também contra febres, tosses, úlceras, dores diversas e inflamações atribuindo-se-lhe ainda propriedades diuréticas, adstringentes, antidisentéricas, febrífugas, laxativas, anti-hemorrágicas, vulnerárias e antiblenorrágicas. Nas Guianas usam as vagens em infeções pulmonares e o infuso da semente como diurético. Caladium picturatum K.Koch & C.D.Bouché; Aráceas. Coco-veneno, tinhorão (São Tomé e Príncipe). Planta de raízes tuberosas, originária da floresta tropical da América do Sul, desde a Venezuela até ao N do Brasil, difunda pelo mundo tropical muito usada com ornamental, de folhas verdes com manchas brancas, rosadas ou vermelhas. Na medicina tradicional de São Tomé e Príncipe, usam o infuso das folhas em gargarejos nas inflamações da garganta e com as raízes tuberosas secas eliminam calos, verrugas e panarícios, colocando-os em talhadas sobre as zonas afetadas. A planta é venenosa e por isso os seus utilizadores devem ser prudentes no seu uso, mesmo como medicinal. Calendula arvensis M.Bieb.; Asteráceas (Compostas). Calendula, erva- vaqueira, malmequer-dos-campos, vaqueira (Portugal). Field-marigold, wild marigold (I). Erva anual, originária da Europa central e Região mediterrânea estendendo-se até ao Cáucaso, ereta ou difusa, levemente pubescente, folhas oblongo-lanceoladas, as inferiores pecioladas e as superiores sésseis e semiamplexicaules, flores todas de corola amarela em capítulos pequenos. Planta muito frequente em Portugal em terrenos cultivados e incultos, país onde o infuso das folhas é usado na medicina caseira como sudorífero. Calendula officinalis L.; Asteráceas (Compostas). Belas-noites, boas- noites, bonina, calêndula-hortense, cuidados, maravilhas, maravilhas- bastardas, maravilhas-dos-jardins (Portugal). Bem-me-quer, calêndula, flor-de- todos-os-males, mal-me-quer, malmequer, malmequer-do-jardim, maravilha, maravilha-dos-jardins, margarida-dourada, verrucária (Brasil). Ma rigold, pot marigold, ruddles, Scottish marigold (I). Erva anual, de origem obscura, de há muito usada e cultivada pelas populações do Mediterrâneo, hoje difundida por quase todo o mundo temperado, ramosa, com pelos glandulosos, de folhas oblanceoladas, estreitamente obovadas ou espatuladas, flores em capítulos medianos com corola de cor alaranjada, as marginais liguladas. Planta muito utilizada na medicina tradicional de muitas regiões do mundo e considerada antiespasmódica, anti-inflamatória, antissética, cicatrizante, depurativa, emenagoga, emoliente e sudorífica, evita infeções hepáticas, gastrites e úlceras estomacais. Externamente é usada em herpes e menstruações dolorosas. As flores são usadas medicinalmente depois de secas como estimulante e carminativo. Delas se extrai um óleo essencial amargo e uma substância viscosa, a calendulina. Como remédio caseiro usa-se o infuso da planta, principalmente das folhas e caules novos, contra a icterícia e como estomáquica. Dada a presença da matéria corante, algumas vezes se usa na cozinha para substituir o açafrão. A planta é muito usada como ornamental. Callicarpa bodinieri H.Lév.; Lamiáceas (Labiadas). Bodinier's beautyberry (I). Planta arbustiva asiática, originária da China, Laos, Vietname e Tailândia, onde é usada como emenagoga e nas blenorragias. Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull; Ericáceas. Carrasca, leiva, mongariça, queiró- das-ilhas, quebra-panelas, queiroga, rapa, torga, torga-ordinária, urze, urze- roxa (Portugal). Heather, ling, Scotch heather (I). Planta arbustiva, originária da Europa, NW de África e Ásia ocidental, tortuosa, ereta, de folhas curtas biapendiculadas na base, flores pendentes de pedicelo curto, reunidas em cachos longos. Planta muito frequente em Portugal nos matos e florestas, nas terras áridas e incultas. Na medicina tradicional o infuso da planta, sobretudo das flores, é considerado adstringente, diurético, tópico, analgésico, anti- herpético e descongestionante. A planta é muito usada para fazer a cama dos animais e depois transformada em estrume, para acender e aquecer os fornos do pão e a raiz, grossa e robusta, era muito utilizada para produzir o chamado «carvão de torga» muito usado nos ferros de engomar dos alfaiates. O carvão incandescente produz grande quantidade de calor que chega a rebentar as panelas de barro e daí um dos seus nomes vulgares. Planta melífera originando mel de excelente qualidade. Calolisianthus pendulus (Mart.) Gilg; Gencianáceas. Genciana- brasileira, raiz-amarga, sininho (Brasil). Planta subarbustiva de pequeno porte, com raiz grossa e sabor amargo, endémica do S e SE do Brasil, de flores campanuladas de corola azul a violácea. O decocto da raiz é localmente empregado contra as sezões. Caloncoba glauca (P.Beauv.) Gilg; Acariáceas. Arbusto ou árvore de porte pequeno, monoica, originária da floresta aberta secundária e galerias florestais da África tropical ocidental, desde a Costa do Marfim aos Camarões, estendendo-se até à RDC, de ramos tendendo para a horizontal, folhas alternas, oblongas a lanceoladas, longamente acuminadas, flores odoríferas em pecíolos longos, unissexuadas, corola com tubo curto, branca, fruto ovoide e deiscente. A planta tem grande interesse medicinal, já que a partir dela se obtém o ácido chalmogrico que se usa contra a lepra e a sífilis. Caloncoba welwitschii (Oliv.) Gilg; Acariáceas. Árvore pequena, originária da floresta da África tropical, da Nigéria alongando-se para sul até à RDC e Angola, estendendo-se à Tanzânia, Malawi e Moçambique, de folhas dispostas em nós muito curtos no final dos ramos, limbo com a base arredondada a levemente cordada, ovado e acuminado, flores em fascículos paucifloros nas axilas dos ramos velhos e sem folhas, corola com cerca de dez pétalas brancas, fruto subgloboso provido exteriormente de espinhos, deiscente, contendo uma polpa envolvendo numerosas sementes. A polpa é comestível como alimento de recurso. A espécie, tal como outras do mesmo género, produzem o ácido chalmogrico muito usado no combate da sífilis e da lepra. Calophyllum inophyllum L.; Calofiláceas. Barbas-de-mati, loureiro-de- alexandria, undeira (Portugal) . Ponaca, punaca, undeira (Goa). Alexandrian laurel,
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