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Plant List in Study Area

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Table S1 – Plant list in study area Family Scientific name Life form Origin Conservation Grade Acanthaceae Kudoacanthus albonervosa Hosok. Herb Endemic VU Acanthaceae Lepidagathis stenophylla Clarke ex Hayata Herb Endemic NT Acanthaceae Justicia procumbens L. var. hayatae (Yamam.) Ohwi Herb Endemic VU Acanthaceae Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees Herb Cultivar Acanthaceae Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anders. Shrub Cultivar Acanthaceae Strobilanthes flexicaulis Hayata Herb Endemic Acanthaceae Strobilanthes formosanus Moore Herb Endemic Acanthaceae Strobilanthes longespicatus Hayata Herb Endemic Acanthaceae Strobilanthes rankanensis (Hayata) Bremek. Herb Endemic Acanthaceae Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze. Herb Naturalized Acanthaceae Codonacanthus pauciflorus (Nees) Nees Herb Native Acanthaceae Dicliptera chinensis Juss. Herb Native Acanthaceae Hypoestes cumingiana (Nees) Benth. & Hook. f. Herb Native Acanthaceae Hypoestes purpurea (L.) R. Br. Herb Native Acanthaceae Justicia procumbens L. Herb Native Acanthaceae Lepidagathis formosensis Clarke ex Hayata Herb Native Acanthaceae Lepidagathis inaequalis Clarke ex Elmer Herb Native Acanthaceae Peristrophe japonica (Thunb.) Bremek. Herb Native Acanthaceae Peristrophe roxburghiana (Schult.) Bremek. Herb Native Acanthaceae Ruellia repens L. Herb Native Acanthaceae Rungia chinensis Benth. Herb Native Acanthaceae Strobilanthes penstemonoides T. Anders. Herb Native Aceraceae Acer albopurpurascens Hayata Tree Endemic Aceraceae Acer morrisonense Hayata Tree Endemic Aceraceae Acer palmatum Thunb. var. pubescens Li Tree Endemic Aceraceae Acer serrulatum Hayata Tree Endemic Aceraceae Acer insulare Makino Tree Native Aceraceae Acer kawakamii Koidz. Tree Native Acoraceae Acorus gramineus Sol. ex Aiton Herb Native Actinidiaceae Actinidia latifolia (Gardn. & Champ.) Merr. Liana Native NT Actinidiaceae Actinidia rufa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. Liana Native VU Actinidiaceae Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. setosa Li Liana Endemic Actinidiaceae Actinidia callosa Lindl. Liana Native Actinidiaceae Actinidia callosa Lindl. var. ephippioidea C. F. Liang Liana Native Actinidiaceae Actinidia rubricaulis Dunn Liana Native Actinidiaceae Saurauja tristyla DC. var. oldhamii (Hemsl.) Finet & Gagncp. Tree Native Adiantaceae Hemionitis arifolia (Burm. f.) T. Moore Herb Native VU Adiantaceae Acrostichum aureum L. Herb Native VU Adiantaceae Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link Herb Naturalized Adiantaceae Acrostichum appendiculatum Willd. Herb Native Adiantaceae Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. Herb Native Adiantaceae Adiantum caudatum L. Herb Native Adiantaceae Adiantum diaphanum Blume Herb Native Adiantaceae Adiantum flabellulatum L. Herb Native Adiantaceae Adiantum malesianum J. Ghatak Herb Native Adiantaceae Adiantum philippense L. Herb Native Adiantaceae Adiantum wangii C. M. Kuo Herb Native Adiantaceae Coniogramme fraxinea (D. Don) Fée ex Diels Herb Native Adiantaceae Coniogramme intermedia Hieron. Herb Native Adiantaceae Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels Herb Native Amaranthaceae Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) Nicholsen Herb Naturalized Amaranthaceae Alternanthera philoxeroides (Moq.) Griseb. Herb Naturalized Amaranthaceae Amaranthus patulus Betoloni Herb Naturalized Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus L. Herb Naturalized Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis L. Herb Naturalized Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea L. Herb Naturalized Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. var. indica L. Herb Native Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. var. rubro‐fusca Hook. f. Herb Native Amaranthaceae Achyranthes bidentata Blume Herb Native Amaranthaceae Achyranthes bidentata Blume var. japonica Miq. Herb Native Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schultes Herb Native Amaranthaceae Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Herb Native Amaranthaceae Deeringia polysperma (Roxb.) Miq. Herb Native Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum L. Herb Native Amentotaxaceae Amentotaxus formosana H.L. Li Tree Endemic EN Anacardiaceae Rhus sylvestris Sieb. & Zucc. Tree Native NT Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica L. Tree Cultivar Anacardiaceae Pistacia chinensis Bunge Tree Native Anacardiaceae Rhus chinensis Mill. var. roxburgii (DC.) Rehd. Tree Native Anacardiaceae Rhus javanica L. var. roxburgii (DC.) Rehd. & Wilson Tree Native Anacardiaceae Rhus succedanea L. Tree Native Annonaceae Fissistigma glaucescens (Hance) Merr. Shrub Native DD Annonaceae Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr. Liana Native Apiaceae Hydrocotyle setulosa Hayata Herb Endemic Apiaceae Sanicula petagnioides Hayata Herb Endemic Apiaceae Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Herb Native Apiaceae Hydrocotyle dichondroides Makino Herb Native Apiaceae Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook. Herb Native Apiaceae Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Herb Native Apocynaceae Melodinus angustifolius Hayata Shrub Endemic DD Apocynaceae Trachelospermum formosanum Liu & Ou Liana Endemic Apocynaceae Anodendron benthamiana Hemsl. Shrub Endemic Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Tree Naturalized Apocynaceae Anodendron affine (Hook. & Arn.) Druce Liana Native Apocynaceae Ecdysanthera rosea Hook. & Arn. Liana Native Apocynaceae Ecdysanthera utilis Hayata & Kawakami Liana Native Apocynaceae Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. f. Liana Native Apocynaceae Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lemaire Liana Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex sugeroki Maxim. var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) S. Y. Hu Tree Native DD Aquifoliaceae Ilex lonicerifolia Hayata var. matsudai Yamamoto Tree Endemic Aquifoliaceae Ilex lonicerifolia Hayata Tree Endemic NT Aquifoliaceae Ilex suzukii S.Y. Hu Tree Endemic NT Aquifoliaceae Ilex crenata Thunb. Shrub Native NT Aquifoliaceae Ilex kusanoi Hayata Tree Native NT Aquifoliaceae Ilex yunnanensis Fr. var. parvifolia (Hayata) S. Y. Hu Shrub Endemic Aquifoliaceae Ilex arisanensis Yamamoto Tree Endemic Aquifoliaceae Ilex hayataiana Loes. Tree Endemic Aquifoliaceae Ilex tugitakayamensis Sasaki Tree Endemic Aquifoliaceae Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arn.) Champ. Shrub Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex cochinchinensis (Lour.) Loes. Tree Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex ficoidea Hemsl. Tree Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex formosana Maxim. Tree Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex goshiensis Hayata Tree Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex maximowicziana Loes. Tree Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex pedunculosa Miq. Tree Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex rotunda Thunb. Tree Native Aquifoliaceae Ilex uraiensis Mori & Yamamoto Tree Native Araceae Arisaema matsudae Hayata Herb Endemic VU Araceae Amorphophallus henryi N. E. Br Herb Endemic Araceae Amorphophallus hirtus N. E. Br. Herb Endemic Araceae Arisaema formosana (Hayata) Hayata Herb Endemic Araceae Arisaema grapsospadix Hayata Herb Endemic Araceae Arisaema taiwanense J. Murata Herb Endemic Araceae Colocasia formosana Hayata Herb Endemic Araceae Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott Herb Naturalized Araceae Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) Schott Herb Native Araceae Alocasia odora (Roxb.) C. Koch Herb Native Araceae Arisaema consanguineum Schott Herb Native Araceae Arisaema heterophyllum Blume Herb Native Araceae Arisaema ringens Schott Herb Native Araceae Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Liana Native Araceae Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr. Liana Native Araliaceae Sinopanax formosana (Hayata) Li Tree Endemic VU Araliaceae Pentapanax castanopsidicola Hayata Shrub Endemic NT Araliaceae Schefflera odorata (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe Liana Native VU Araliaceae Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean var. formosana (Nakai) H.L. Li Liana Endemic Araliaceae Fatsia polycarpa Hayata Tree Endemic Araliaceae Schefflera taiwaniana (Nakai) Kanehira Tree Endemic Araliaceae Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L.) S.Y. Hu Liana Native Araliaceae Aralia cordata Thunb. Shrub Native Araliaceae Aralia decaisneana Hance Shrub Native Araliaceae Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Merr. Shrub Native Araliaceae Aralia bipinnata Blanco Tree Native Araliaceae Dendropanax dentiger (Harms ex Diels) Merr. Tree Native Araliaceae Dendropanax pellcidopunctata (Hayata) Kanehira ex Kanehira & Hatusima Tree Native Araliaceae Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms Tree Native Araliaceae Tetrapanax papyriferus (Hook.) K. Koch Tree Native Arecaceae Areca catechu L. Tree Cultivar Arecaceae Cocos nucifera L. Tree Cultivar Arecaceae Calamus formosanus Beccari Liana Endemic Arecaceae Calamus quiquesetinervius Burret. Liana Endemic Arecaceae Arenga engleri Beccari Shrub Native Arecaceae Arenga tremula Beccari Shrub Native Arecaceae Phoenix hanceana Naudin Shrub Native Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia cucurbitifolia Hayata Liana Endemic VU Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia foveolata Merr. Liana Native NT Aristolochiaceae Asarum hypogynum Hayata Herb Endemic VU Aristolochiaceae Asarum epigynum Hayata Herb Native VU Aristolochiaceae Asarum macranthum Hook. f. Herb Endemic Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia heterophylla Hemsl. Liana Native Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia kaempferi Willd. Liana Native Asclepiadaceae Tylophora taiwanensis Hatusima Liana Endemic NT Asclepiadaceae Dischidia formosana Maxim. Liana Endemic Asclepiadaceae Dregea volubilis (L. f.) Benth. Liana Endemic Asclepiadaceae Heterostemma brownii Hayata Liana Endemic Asclepiadaceae Tylophora ovata (Lindl.) Hook. ex Steud. Liana Endemic Asclepiadaceae Cryptolepis sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Liana Native Asclepiadaceae Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schultes, Roem. & Schultes Liana Native Asclepiadaceae Hoya carnosa (L. f.) R. Br. Liana Native Asclepiadaceae Marsdenia tinctoria R. Br. Liana Native Asclepiadaceae Marsdenia formosana Masamune Shrub Native Aspidiaceae Pteridrys cnemidaria (Christ) C. 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  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation

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    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
  • Araliaceae.Pdf

    Araliaceae.Pdf

    ARALIACEAE 五加科 wu jia ke Xiang Qibai (向其柏 Shang Chih-bei)1; Porter P. Lowry II2 Trees or shrubs, sometimes woody vines with aerial roots, rarely perennial herbs, hermaphroditic, andromonoecious or dioecious, often with stellate indumentum or more rarely simple trichomes or bristles, with or without prickles, secretory canals pres- ent in most parts. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite (never in Chinese taxa), simple and often palmately lobed, palmately compound, or 1–3-pinnately compound, usually crowded toward apices of branches, base of petiole often broad and sheathing stem, stipules absent or forming a ligule or membranous border of petiole. Inflorescence terminal or pseudo-lateral (by delayed development), um- bellate, compound-umbellate, racemose, racemose-umbellate, or racemose-paniculate, ultimate units usually umbels or heads, occa- sionally racemes or spikes, flowers rarely solitary; bracts usually present, often caducous, rarely foliaceous. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic. Pedicels often jointed below ovary and forming an articulation. Calyx absent or forming a low rim, some- times undulate or with short teeth. Corolla of (3–)5(–20) petals, free or rarely united, mostly valvate, sometimes imbricate. Stamens usually as many as and alternate with petals, sometimes numerous, distinct, inserted at edge of disk; anthers versatile, introrse, 2- celled (or 4-celled in some non-Chinese taxa), longitudinally dehiscent. Disk epigynous, often fleshy, slightly depressed to rounded or conic, sometimes confluent with styles. Ovary inferior (rarely secondarily superior in some non-Chinese taxa), (1 or)2–10(to many)-carpellate; carpels united, with as many locules; ovules pendulous, 2 per locule, 1 abortive; styles as many as carpels, free or partially united, erect or recurved, or fully united to form a column; stigmas terminal or decurrent on inner face of styles, or sessile on disk, circular to elliptic and radiating.