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New Taxa of Thistles (Cirsium; Asteraceae) in Utah

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Great Basin Naturalist Volume 42 Number 2 Article 3 6-30-1982 New taxa of thistles (Cirsium; Asteraceae) in Utah Stanley L. Welsh Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Welsh, Stanley L. (1982) "New taxa of thistles (Cirsium; Asteraceae) in Utah," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 42 : No. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol42/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. NEW TAXA OF THISTLES {CIRSIUM; ASTERACEAE) IN UTAH Stanley L. Welsh' .\bstract.— Described are several new taxa of the genus Cirsium that occur in the state of Utah: C. eatonii (Gray) Robins, var. Iiarrisonii Welsh; C. eatonii var. iinirdockii Welsh; C. ownbetji Welsh; C. scahosum Nutt. var. thorncae; and C. virgincnsis Welsh. Diagnostic criteria are, and have been, Tlie tliistles of Utah have long constituted ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^^^.^^ ^^,^^ ^^^ inconstant. Fea- one of the most difficult problems m the tures of the involucral bracts have been wide- of state. Uitterences be- • plant taxonomy the , j , j- .• i ^ ..i c . r. 1 1 • 4. ly used to distmguish taxa m the group. Some f J mter- ' tween taxa are often obscured by ° . of t^ose features are better thani others,i m- specific hvbridization. Hybridization is not dorsal surface texture. But onlv between closely related entities, but oc- eluding shape and curs between species that have been placed others, including degree of development of in different sections of the genus. The prob- the glandular dorsal crest and the presence of lems of interpretation are compounded by pubescence on the dorsal surface, have not tlie lack of a modern comprehensive treat- proved reliable. ment of our North American species. Pre- The following taxa have been distinguished few speci- vious treatments were based on ^j^ile attempting to provide a treatment of mens and could not account for the ^j^^ ^^,^^ ^j^.^^j^^ ^j^^ problems of our Utah variability as perceived by contemporary ^ • i r. ^ j i i u ^ ^ j t • • often extend beyond the state, and 1 , V. 11 5 1 J i.1. materials ^11^ this workers. Collectors have tended to avoid , , , . i r .i ^^ve had to examine materials from the sur- genus and its relatives because of their spin- entire treatment will ap- escent and bulky nature. Onlv dedicated per- rounding states. The sons will trouble themselves' with the speci- pear as a portion of the paper dealing with mens, which remain as problems even after the Asteraceae (Compositae), which is in they are deposited in herbaria. The pappus progress. tends to expand, even in dry specimens, and Cirsium eatonii (Gray) Robins. Eaton tlie parachutelike apparatus floats about the Thistle. [Carduus eatonii Gray]. Three more herbarium every time someone moves the qj. \q^^ distinctive varieties are present, specimens from case to case or elsewhere. 1. Involucral bracts copiously gray- to brown- villous with long multicellular hairs; corollas ocroleucous; plants of the Uinta Mts. from Lake Fork eastward .. C. eatonii var. murdockii — Involucral bracts merely white-tomentose or rarely with short multicellular hairs; corollas mainly pink or rose; plants of western Uinta Mts., and elsewhere 2 2(1). Involucral bracts commonly suffused with dark purple; involucres not ob- scured by outer spinose bracts; plants of the Tushar Mts C. eatonii var. harrisonii — Involucral bracts green or variously purplish; involucres with copious pinnate spines, mainly obscuring the surface of inner bractlets; plants of western Uinta and Wasatch mountains, and Great Basin ranges C. eatonii var. eatonii 'Life Science Museum and Department of Botanv and Range Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602. 199 200 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 42, No. 2 Var. harrisonii Welsh var. nov. Similis C. et al. 19048 (BRY). Uintah Co., Uinta Mts., eatonii var. eatonii sed bracteis atropurpureis Leidy Peak, TIS, R19E, S6, 3660 m elev., suffusis et spinis paucioribus. Type.— USA. Neese & Peterson 6395 (BRY); do, 30 July Utah: Piute Co., Tushar Mts., T28S, R4W, 1971, Waite 299 (BRY); do. White Rocks S8, alpine meadow, talus slope, igneous drainage, 17 July 1976, Goodrich 6478 (BRY). gravel, 3416 m elev., 16 Aug. 1978, Welsh & The plants grow in talus and rock stripes at Henroid 18084 (Holotype BRY). Additional 3230 to 3660 m in Daggett, Duchesne, and specimens: Utah. Piute Co., Tushar Mts., 9 Uintah counties; endemic. The variety is mi due W Marysvale, T27S, R5W, S35, 3050 named in honor of Professor Joseph Richard m elev, 27 July 1976, Welsh et al. 14030 (Dick) Murdock, teacher and collector, (BRY); do, T27S, R5W, SI, 28 July 1967, whose ecological work on Oke Doke (Fifth Welsh et al. 14050 (BRY); do, 2989 m, 25 Chain Lake) in the Uinta Mountains is clas- July 1978, Welsh et al. 17738 (BRY); do, sic. This variety has been regarded as con- T28S, R5W, S2, 17 Aug. 1978 (BRY). The stituting a portion of C. tweedyi (Rydb.) Pet- few specimens of the Tushar Mountains rak. That entity was reviewed by Moore and phase seem to average smaller than in the Frankton (1965) and was mapped to include type variety. They are isolated from the body northeastern Utah in its range. No specimens of the species in the islandlike Tushar Moun- were cited from Utah, however. I have seen tains. The variety is named in honor of Pro- the type of that taxon, and other material fessor Bertrand F. Harrison, teacher, collec- within its range in northwest Wyoming, and tor, and authority on Utah grasses. they differ in pubescence of involucral bracts Var. eatonii [C. eriocephalum var. leio- being merely white tomentose along the cephalum D. C. Eaton]. This is the basionym margins. for C. eatonii in a strict sense, which was re- Cirsium ownbeyi Welsh sp. nov. Ownbey named by Gray in honor of D. C. Eaton, who Thistle. Perennial herbs from caudex and collected with Sereno Watson in 1869. The taproot, the caudex with marcescent dark lectotype came from the head of the Bear brown leaf bases; leaves of basal rosettes River, in Summit County (Watson 691, 1869 5-13 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, tripinnatifid, US!), with syntypical material being taken green on both sides, sparingly tomentose imder the same number in Cottonwood Can- along lower side of midrib; cauline leaves yon (now Salt Lake County). Lodgepole pine with vesture and lobing like the basal; stems and spruce communities upwards into alpine 5-7 dm tall, winged-decurrent, sparingly to- timdra at 2375 to 3420 m in Duchesne, Juab, mentose; involucres 1.8-2.5 cm high, 1.5-2.5 Salt Lake, Summit, Tooele, and Weber coun- cm wide, the outermost bracts more or less ties; Nevada and Colorado. Specimens from pinnately spinose, lance-attenuate, smooth the Deep Creek Mountains have few lateral medially, the dorsal ridge not well devel- spines on the outer bracts and approach C. oped, not scabrous, sparingly tomentose clavatum in technical features. More mate- along margins, the inner more or less con- rial is needed to determine their status and torted apically; spines 3-8 mm long; corollas relationships. rose-pink. Var. murdockii Welsh var. nov. A C. ea- Similis Circio clavato sed in caulibus alatis tonii var. eatonii differt in bracteis copiose et foliis tripinnatifidis differt. Type.— USA. griseis ad bruneis villosis pilis multicellulosis. Utah: Uintah County, Horse Trail Canyon, Type.— USA. Utah: Duchesne Co.; Uinta T4S, R24E, S4, juniper-sagebrush commu- Mts., Yellowstone Canyon, T4N, R5W, S25, nity, 1678 m elev., 2 July 1955, Welsh 343 3355 m elev., Precambrian quartzite, 2 Aug. (Holotype BRY). Additional specimens: Utah. 1980, Welsh & Neese 19935 (Holotype BRY). Daggett County, Grouse Canyon, TIN, Additional specimens: Utah. Duchesne Co.; R25E, S2, 15 June 1978, Neese 5673 (BRY). Uinta Mts., Chepeta Lake vicinity, T5N, The Ownbey thistle is known from juniper, RIW, 828,29,32,33, spruce-lodgepole pine sagebrush, and riparian communities at 1678 forest, 3233 m elev., 3 Aug 1980, Neese & to 1891 m in Daggett and Uintah counties. Welsh 9455 (BRY); Chain Lake Basin, T4N, The species is named in honor of Dr. Gerald R4W, S23, 3377 m elev., 16 July 1979, Welsh B. Ownbey, specialist in Cirsium, who first June 1982 Welsh: New Cirsium 201 recognized the distinctive nature of this spe- the Aquarius Plateau; Cirsium acaule var. cies. Relationships of the Ownbey thistle ap- americanum Gray; Cnicus drummondii var. parently lie with C. eatonii. acaulescens Gray; C. foliosum authors, not T. Cirsium scariosum Nutt. Meadow Thistle. & G.; C. drummondii authors, not T. & G.]. [Carduus lacerus Rydb., type from near Mid- Our specimens fall into two rather distinctive way; Carduus olicescens Rydb., type from varieties. 1. Heads 25-35 mm high, 35-80 mm wide; inner bracts slender, sometimes contorted, not especially dilated; plants mainly 6-12 dm tall C. scariosum var. thorneae — Heads 22-30 mm high, 20-40 mm wide; inner bracts often dilated or contorted, sometimes fimbriate; plants 0-6 dm tall C. scariosum var. scariosum. Var. scariosum [Cirsium acaule var. ameri- R41/2W, S76, 4 Aug. 1976, Welsh et al. canum Gray]. This taxon, as here interpreted, 14250 (BRY). Millard Co., Pavant Mts., T21S, consists of an amazingly diverse assemblage R21/2W, S2, 15 Aug. 1978, Welsh & Hen- that has passed imder a series of names in- roid 18031 (BRY). Piute Co., 1 mi E of King- cluding those cited above. Saline seeps and ston, 25 July 1964, Welsh & Moore 3352 salt marshes, streamsides, terraces, and other (BRY); do, 2 mi W Kingston, 20 Aug.
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  • The Antagonistic and Mutualistic Plant-Insect Interactions of Pitcher's Thistle

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    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarShip THE ANTAGONISTIC AND MUTUALISTIC PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS OF PITCHER’S THISTLE (CIRSIUM PITCHERI [TORR. EX EAT.] TORR. & A. GRAY, ASTERACEAE), A FEDERALLY THREATENED GREAT LAKES DUNE AND COBBLE SHORE ENDEMIC PLANT Jaclyn N. Inkster April 2016 Director of Thesis: Dr. Claudia L. Jolls Major Department: Department of Biology Biological control is one of the tools used for integrated pest management of invasive plant species but it is not without risks to native plants. I researched the non-target impacts of the biological control agent, the seed head weevil Larinus planus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the Great Lakes dune and cobble shore endemic threatened thistle, Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae). Pitcher’s thistle is an herbaceous perennial monocarpic plant with no means of vegetative reproduction, relying solely on seed set for population persistence. The seed head weevil is univoltine and lays eggs in thistle heads. The developing larva chews the ovules or seeds before emerging as an adult to overwinter in leaf litter. I repeatedly surveyed Pitcher’s thistle plants from three populations in northern lower Michigan for impacts. The insect oviposits on thistle heads from mid-June to early July, before C. pitcheri flowering. Heads that received oviposition were on average 12-14 mm in diameter. Approximately 32% of the 1,695 heads surveyed had oviposition. A subset of dissected heads had 56% weevil egg mortality. With weevil survival, the number of filled seeds was reduced by 62%. A generalized linear mixed binary logistic model reported date of oviposition and size of heads as significant predictors of oviposition on heads.