Guide to Exotic Thistles of Montana
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Thistles of Colorado
Thistles of Colorado About This Guide Identification and Management Guide Many individuals, organizations and agencies from throughout the state (acknowledgements on inside back cover) contributed ideas, content, photos, plant descriptions, management information and printing support toward the completion of this guide. Mountain thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) growing above timberline Casey Cisneros, Tim D’Amato and the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources Weed District collected, compiled and edited information, content and photos for this guide. Produced by the We welcome your comments, corrections, suggestions, and high Larimer County quality photos. If you would like to contribute to future editions, please contact the Larimer County Weed District at 970-498- Weed District 5769 or email [email protected] or [email protected]. Front cover photo of Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium by Janis Huggins Partners in Land Stewardship 2nd Edition 1 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Introduction Native Thistles (Pages 6-20) Barneyby’s Thistle (Cirsium barnebyi) 6 Cainville Thistle (Cirsium clacareum) 6 Native thistles are dispersed broadly Eaton’s Thistle (Cirsium eatonii) 8 across many Colorado ecosystems. Individual species occupy niches from Elk or Meadow Thistle (Cirsium scariosum) 8 3,500 feet to above timberline. These Flodman’s Thistle (Cirsium flodmanii) 10 plants are valuable to pollinators, seed Fringed or Fish Lake Thistle (Cirsium 10 feeders, browsing wildlife and to the centaureae or C. clavatum var. beauty and diversity of our native plant americanum) communities. Some non-native species Mountain Thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) 12 have become an invasive threat to New Mexico Thistle (Cirsium 12 agriculture and natural areas. For this reason, native and non-native thistles neomexicanum) alike are often pulled, mowed, clipped or Ousterhout’s or Aspen Thistle (Cirsium 14 sprayed indiscriminately. -
Italian Thistle (Carduus Pycnocephalus)
Thistles: Identification and Management Rebecca Ozeran 1 May 2018 Common thistles in the San Joaquin Valley Carduus Centaurea Cirsium Silybum Onopordum Italian thistle Yellow starthistle Bull thistle (Blessed) milkthistle Scotch thistle Tocalote Canada thistle (Malta starthistle) All of these species are found at least one of Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, or Tulare Counties Identification • Many species start as a basal rosette in fall • Mature plants can have dense & bushy or tall & stemmy appearance • Purple/pink or yellow-flowered Identification • Why does thistle species matter? • Varying levels of risk to animals • Varying competition with forage • Varying susceptibility to control options Identification – 1. Italian thistle • Carduus pycnocephalus • narrow, spiky flower heads • winged, spiny stems branching above the base • found in Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tulare Identification – 2. Centaurea thistles • YELLOW STARTHISTLE (C. solstitialis) • long, yellow/white spines on phyllaries • can get a bushy structure • found in Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tulare • TOCALOTE (MALTA STARTHISTLE, C. melitensis) • stouter flower heads and shorter, redder spines on phyllaries • found in all 5 counties Identification – 3. Cirsium thistles • Canada thistle (C. arvense) • smooth stems, non-spiny flowerheads • flowers Jun-Oct • found in Fresno, Kern, Tulare • Bull thistle (C. vulgare) • large spiky looking flowerheads • lots of branching, dense plant • flowers Jun-Oct • found in all 5 counties Identification – 4. Blessed milk thistle • Silybum marianum • Distinct, -
December 2012 Number 1
Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. -
Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks. -
Plant List for Web Page
Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 Common name Botanical name Family origin big-leaf maple Acer macrophyllum Aceraceae native box elder Acer negundo var. californicum Aceraceae native common water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica Alismataceae native upright burhead Echinodorus berteroi Alismataceae native prostrate amaranth Amaranthus blitoides Amaranthaceae native California amaranth Amaranthus californicus Amaranthaceae native Powell's amaranth Amaranthus powellii Amaranthaceae native western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Anacardiaceae native wood angelica Angelica tomentosa Apiaceae native wild celery Apiastrum angustifolium Apiaceae native cutleaf water parsnip Berula erecta Apiaceae native bowlesia Bowlesia incana Apiaceae native rattlesnake weed Daucus pusillus Apiaceae native Jepson's eryngo Eryngium aristulatum var. aristulatum Apiaceae native coyote thistle Eryngium vaseyi Apiaceae native cow parsnip Heracleum lanatum Apiaceae native floating marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Apiaceae native caraway-leaved lomatium Lomatium caruifolium var. caruifolium Apiaceae native woolly-fruited lomatium Lomatium dasycarpum dasycarpum Apiaceae native large-fruited lomatium Lomatium macrocarpum Apiaceae native common lomatium Lomatium utriculatum Apiaceae native Pacific oenanthe Oenanthe sarmentosa Apiaceae native 1 Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 wood sweet cicely Osmorhiza berteroi Apiaceae native mountain sweet cicely Osmorhiza chilensis Apiaceae native Gairdner's yampah (List 4) Perideridia gairdneri gairdneri Apiaceae -
Milk Thistle
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EXOTIC T RU E T HISTL E S RACHEL WINSTON , RICH HANSEN , MA R K SCH W A R ZLÄNDE R , ER IC COO M BS , CA R OL BELL RANDALL , AND RODNEY LY M FHTET-2007-05 U.S. Department Forest September 2008 of Agriculture Service FHTET he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 Tby the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Italian thistle. Photo: ©Saint Mary’s College of California. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. -
Morphological and Biological Parameters of the Knapweed Nematode, Subanguina Picridis 1
154 Journal of Nematology, Volume 18, No. 2, April 1986 weeds. 43. Acroptilon (Centaurea) repens (L.) DC. Ca- repens (L.) DC., Russian Knapweed (Compositae). Pp. nadian Journal of Plant Science 60:993-1004. 105-110 in J. S. Kelleher and M. A. Hulme, eds. 19. Watson, A. K. 1986. Host range of, and plant Biological control programmes against insects and reaction to, Subanguina picridis. Journal of Nematol- weeds in Canada 1969-1980. Slough: Common- ogy 18:112-120. wealth Agriculture Bureaux. 20. Watson, A. K. 1986. Morphological and bio- 22. Watson, A. K., and J. D. Shorthouse. 1979. logical parameters of the knapweed nematode, Suban- Gall formation on Cirsium arvense by Ditylenchus dip- guina _picridis.Journal of Nematology 18:154-158. saci. Journal of Nematology 11:16-22. 21. Watson, A. K., and P. Harris. 1984. Acroptilon Journal of Nematology 18(2):154-158. 1986. © The Society of Nematologists 1986. Morphological and Biological Parameters of the Knapweed Nematode, Subanguina picridis 1 A. K. WATSON 2 Abstract: Specimens of the knapweed nematode Subanguina picridis (Kirjanova) Brzeski obtained from different host plants were highly variable in measurement and structure. This variability refutes the validity of six Subanguina species attacking plants in the Asteraceae. Key words: Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed), host specificity, Subanguina picridis (knapweed nematode), taxonomy, variability. The gall forming nematode Subanguina MATERIALS AND METHODS picridis (Kirjanova, 1944) Brzeski, 1981, Galls were obtained from A. repens, Cen- syn.: Paranguina picridis (Kirjanova, 1944) taurea diffusa Lam., Cynara sco$ymus L., and Kirjanova & Ivanova, 1968, has been eval- Onopordum acanthium L. plants inoculated uated in Canada as a potential biological with S. -
Thistle Identification
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service PSS-2776 Thistle Identification January 2021 Laura Goodman Extension Rangeland Ecology Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: Tom Royer extension.okstate.edu Extension Entomologist Alex Rocateli can often develop. The current Thistle Law includes three of Forage Systems Extension Specialist the five species. However, all introduced thistles should be considered invasive. Oklahoma’s Noxious Weed Law, first enacted in 1994 in four counties in northeastern Oklahoma (Code 35:30-36-13) Thistles Listed in the Noxious Weed Law was amended in 1995, 1998 and 1999. The current law de- Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is an introduced peren- clares musk, scotch and Canada thistles to be noxious weeds nial thistle widely distributed in Nebraska and other northern and public nuisances in all counties of the state. states. At present, it does not appear to be a major threat in There are about a dozen purple-flowered spiny thistle Oklahoma. Several plants were collected in the panhandle species that occur in Oklahoma. Oklahoma’s Noxious Weed counties in the 1950s and several more in Bryan County in Law can raise concern among landowners if they do not the 1970s, but currently, no infestations are known to exist in know which thistles on their land they are required to control. the state. In a 1998 survey of noxious weeds in Meade County The purpose of this publication is to describe the introduced Kansas, north of Beaver County, Oklahoma, reported a small thistles, selected common native thistles and provide infor- infestation of Canada thistle. -
Onopordum Acanthium): Safe for Australia, but Not the USA?
Biological Control 41 (2007) 134–141 www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Lixus cardui, a biological control agent for scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium): Safe for Australia, but not the USA? Joe Balciunas * USDA-ARS Exotic and Invasive Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Received 16 November 2006; accepted 19 December 2006 Available online 28 December 2006 Abstract Invasive exotic plants are often weeds in more than one country. After a biological control agent for a weed has been developed for use in one country, it is reasonable to consider using the same agent against the same weed in another country. ‘Transfer Projects’ can save considerable time and money, and they have been popular around the world. Lixus cardui Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a weevil from Europe, was first used by Australian researchers to control Scotch thistle, Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae). There are few close relatives of Scotch thistle in Australia, but that is not the case in North America, where scotch thistle is also an important weed. I initiated a project to test some of the agents released in Australia to see if they would be appropriate for release in the United States. Test plants, primarily Cirsium spp. thistles native to California, were exposed under both choice and no-choice conditions to two pop- ulations of L. cardui, one from Greece, the other from France. The latter may represent an undescribed species, and its test results are reported separately. Both strains of L. cardui weevils fed heavily and developed on some native North American thistles, at a level com- parable to the target weed, Scotch thistle. -
Legally Listed Species of the California Central Coast Region (U S Fish and Wildlife Service and /Or the State of California)
Legally Listed Species of the California Central Coast Region (U S Fish and Wildlife Service and /or the State of California) (Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, western Kern, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties) The following taxa, in alphabetical order by scientific name, are listed either by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Endangered Species Act) or by the State of California, Department of Fish and Wildlife, Natural Diversity Database. A comprehensive list for the State of California is updated quarterly by the California Natural Diversity Database. [Special Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Lichens List.] The distribution of these species has been documented for California’s central coast region from Monterey and San Benito counties south to Ventura County, and including western Kern County. Scientific names are those used in Baldwin et. al., 2012, The Jepson Manual: vascular plants of California, UC Press, Berkeley. Where nomenclature has changed from the name used initially in the listing process, they are referenced to the current name (e.g., Arabis hoffmannii = Boechera hoffmannii). Listing Status FE = federally endangered (Endangered Species Act, 1973 as amended) FT = federally threatened (Endangered Species Act, 1973 as amended) SE = state endangered (California Endangered Species Act; Fish and Game Code §2050 et seq.) ST = state threatened (California Endangered Species Act; Fish and Game Code §2050 et seq.) SR = state rare (California Native Plant Protection Act; Fish and Game Code §1900 et seq.). Scientific Name Common Name Status Acmispon argophyllus var. niveus Santa Cruz Island birds-foot trefoil SE Arabis hoffmannii = Boechera hoffmannii Boechera hoffmannii Hoffmann’s rock-cress FE Arctostaphylos confertiflora Santa Rosa Island manzanita FE Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. -
OLFS Plant List
Checklist of Vascular Plants of Oak Lake Field Station Compiled by Gary E. Larson, Department of Natural Resource Management Trees/shrubs/woody vines Aceraceae Boxelder Acer negundo Anacardiaceae Smooth sumac Rhus glabra Rydberg poison ivy Toxicodendron rydbergii Caprifoliaceae Tatarian hone ysuckle Lonicera tatarica* Elderberry Sambucus canadensis Western snowberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis Celastraceae American bittersweet Celastrus scandens Cornaceae Redosier dogwood Cornus sericea Cupressaceae Eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana Elaeagnaceae Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia* Buffaloberry Shepherdia argentea* Fabaceae Leadplant Amorpha canescens False indigo Amorpha fruticosa Siberian peashrub Caragana arborescens* Honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos* Fagaceae Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa Grossulariaceae Black currant Ribes americanum Missouri gooseberry Ribes missouriense Hippocastanaceae Ohio buckeye Aesculus glabra* Oleaceae Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Pinaceae Norway spruce Picea abies* White spruce Picea glauca* Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa* Rhamnaceae Common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica* Rosaceae Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia Wild plum Prunus americana Hawthorn Crataegus succulenta Chokecherry Prunus virginiana Siberian crab Pyrus baccata* Prairie rose Rosa arkansana Black raspberry Rubus occidentalis Salicaceae Cottonwood Populus deltoides Balm-of-Gilead Populus X jackii* White willow Salix alba* Peachleaf willow Salix amygdaloides Sandbar willow Salix exigua Solanaceae Matrimony vine Lycium barbarum* Ulmaceae -
Canada Thistle Author: Various Cirsium Arvense (L.) Scop.; Parks Affected: All Breea Arvensis (L.) Lessing
COLORADO STATE PARKS BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WEED PROFILE Date Created: April 25, 2003 Revised: April 1, 2005 Canada thistle Author: Various Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.; Parks Affected: All Breea arvensis (L.) Lessing Family: Asteraceae (Sunflower) Other Names: field thistle, Californian thistle USDA Code: CIAR4 Keys to Identification: Legal Status: Colorado Noxious List B (top ten worst). • Purple flowers form in clusters of 1-5 per branch. Identification • The floral bracts of Canada Growth form: Perennial forb. thistle are spineless. Flower: Flower heads are white to purple and borne in clusters • Small heads, vanilla scent of 1-5 per branch, with a strong vanilla scent. Heads are only about 1cm in diameter. Seeds/Fruit: One-seeded fruits (achenes) are straw or light brown in color, straight or slightly curved (Moore 1975). Leaves: Leaves are spiny, alternate, oblong or lance-shaped, with the base leaves stalkless and clasping, or extended down along the stem. Stems: Mature plants range from 2-4 feet in height. Roots: Canada thistle has two types of roots, horizontal and vertical. The horizontal roots produce numerous shoots, while vertical roots store water and nutrients in their many small branches. Seedling: Early spring growth appears as rosettes with spiny- tipped, wavy leaves. Other: The floral bracts of Canada thistle are spineless. Similar Species Exotics: Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare); flower bracts are somewhat tapered and covered with spines. Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium); stems appear the have wings, floral bracts are covered with spines. Plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides); floral bracts are covered with sharp spines. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans); floral bracts are broad with spiny tips.