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Macaca Nigra Project Annual Report 2016

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Macaca Nigra Project Annual Report 2016 MACACA NIGRA PROJECT ANNUAL REPORT 2016 TANGKOKO RESERVE CONTENTS DEAR FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS __________________________________________________ 1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________ 2 RESEARCH CONDUCTED ___________________________________________________________ 3 PUBLICATIONS ____________________________________________________________________ 6 EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION ____________________________________________________ 8 MANADO CONSERVATION FESTIVAL ________________________________________________ 14 ACTIVE PROTECTION OF THE MACAQUES IN TANGKOKO ______________________________ 16 10 YEARS MNP ___________________________________________________________________ 17 MEDIA COVERAGE ________________________________________________________________ 18 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF MNP ___________________________________________________ 19 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF TCE ___________________________________________________ 21 CONTACT INFORMATION __________________________________________________________ 23 LINKS AND ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES ______________________________________________ 24 i DEAR FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS A warm welcome to all of you to our new yearly report. It has been an important and busy year as we have celebrated a special anniversary: 10 years of the Macaca Nigra Project (MNP). When we started out ten years ago as a little research project, we did not imagine growing into such a big and sustained programme. Right now, we can proudly look back at a lot of small and big research projects, 16 international publications and more than five years of education & conservation programme. Another important event this year was the transition of MNP from the German Primate Centre (DPZ) in Göttingen, Germany, to the Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), in Liverpool, England, where I was hired as Reader (equivalent to Associate Professor) in Primate Behaviour and Conservation. The transition between institutions is always challenging for a project with so many local and international ties. Fortunately, the support within Indonesia from the Agricultural Institute of Bogor through my co- heads Dr. Muhammad Agil and Dr. Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah is stronger than ever. In addition, as a sign of appreciation, Prof Dr Andy Tattersall, Director of the School of Natural Sciences and Psychology at LJMU, participated in our celebrations for the 10th anniversary! Thus, we hope all projects to continue without disruption and we are looking forward to new successful collaborations! I would like to also mention another important development: our friend, colleague and MNP Team member Gholib has been offered and accepted a permanent position at the University Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH) in Banda Aceh. This is a big success, for him personally, but also for us as a project because one of our goals, the increase of scientific and technological knowledge within Indonesia, has been reached. Gholib has been with us since the very beginning of MNP. Not only did he help us building MNP up, he also gained ample experience in the field during his MSc and PhD studies with us. In addition, Gholib several times received training in the Germany lab. Now, he will be able to educate his own students and team in Gholib in the forest the expertise he has during the time with us. Congratulations Gholib! We are very proud of you! So, enjoy reading about the recent developments within the Macaca Nigra Project in this exciting year, about our latest achievements in our scientific, conservation education and development efforts, as well as about our ideas for the future. DR. ANTJE ENGELHARDT, founder and head of MNP 1 INTRODUCTION As a start for the coming line of reports, and in light of our special anniversary, we would like to provide you with a small summary of Macaca Nigra Project (MNP) history. MNP was founded in 2006 by Dr Antje Engelhardt as a collaborative postdoctoral project between the German Primate Centre (DPZ), the Indonesian Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) and the University Sam Ratulangi (UNSRAT), North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In 2008, the first PhD students started their studies within MNP and in 2012, we signed our MoU with the Department for the Conservation of Natural Resources of North Sulawesi, which gave us the status of a long-term project. At around the same time, in 2010, a conservation education project started calling itself the Tangkoko Conservation Education Programme (TCE), which built a lot of its teaching around the crested macaques and the forest of Tangkoko. From the start, there was a lot of friendly exchange and mutual support between MNP and TCE, and in 2014, TCE and MNP decided to join forces and TCE became MNP’s education branch. This year, 2016, has thus been the 10th anniversary for the project. In all those previous years, countless researchers, students, student assistants and interns have joined the project leading to what it is now, an internationally renowned project standing on three pillars: research, education and development through knowledge and technology transfer. From this year onwards, the German Primate Center will be replaced by Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU). MNP’s research station is based in the Tangkoko Nature Reserve, on the northern tip of the island Sulawesi, near a village (3km) named Batuh Putih. “TANGKOKO IS HOME With the adjacent reserve Dua Sudara, Tangkoko is home to the biggest TO THE BIGGEST EXTENT extent population of crested macaques still existing in the area. Crested POPULATION OF CRESTED macaques are in danger of extinction within the next human generation (20 years, IUCN classification as critically endangered) if nothing is done to MACAQUES STILL protect them and assure their survival. The density of macaques in EXISTING Tangkoko has been estimated as 45 individuals / km2, which is a reduction ITS ORIGINAL by 35% from the last published survey in 1994, which had already detected a decrease in population from 76.2 to 68.7 individuals / km2 compared to DISTRIBUTION RANGE” 1989. The MNP project is thus fundamental at all levels: 1/ scientific research to increase knowledge about the macaques and their environment, 2/ education to empower local scientists and citizens to manage their own environmental and science programmes, and 3/ conservation to empower local populations and help them protect their environment while providing sustainable livelihood through eco-tourism, expert fauna-flora guiding, nature ranger activities and sustainable economic activities. In the following, we will detail out what we have done more specifically in 2016. 2 RESEARCH CONDUCTED In 2016, MNP has welcomed 16 students and volunteers from five different universities, both Indonesian and international. Initially, MNP research focused on the reproductive biology of the macaques, a very important part of their whole biology as reproduction conditions fitness, survival, and health of individuals and ultimately, populations. This still forms the basic research activities of the project in the form of basic data on demography (birth and death/disappearance), female oestrus cycles, male-male competition, and physiological data (hormone analysis from faecal matter). In addition, numerous projects have been conducted on female social behaviour, male personality, male migration, male-infant relationships, male invasively and with least possible impact on the individuals. Since we are always welcoming researchers from all over the world, we had a number of projects going on in 2016 that were carried out by students from partner universities. A summary of all projects running in 2016 is given below. 1/ Social determinants of physiological stress and health in wild crested macaques, postdoc Dr Céline Bret (LJMU) and PhD student Dermawan Saputra (IPB) The quality and quantity of social relationships influences the individual risk of mortality in humans and animals alike. The buffering effect social relationships may have on acute and chronic stressors have been particularly invoked in this respect. Chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels have been shown to suppress the immune system and, thus, to increase susceptibility to parasites and disease, and thereby mortality in a variety of taxa. Furthermore, more recent studies on personality suggest that certain personality traits also impact individual immune response and healthiness. In our study, we therefore aim at investigating this relationship in a wild population of a highly tolerant primate species, the crested macaque. The study is carried out by combining detailed analysis of behavioural data, including social network analysis, with data on physiological stress, and from a set of non-invasively collected health markers. 2/ Factors influencing incomplete male monopolization of females in crested macaques, postdoc Dr Lisa Danish (DPZ) and MSc student Andre Peseta (IPB) Among the mammals, human and nonhuman primates are unusual in the degree of variation in male ability to monopolize sexual access to females. Recent data from a number of primate taxa, however, reveal the substantial variation in male reproductive skew. Since male reproductive skew varies, high ranking males are not always able to completely monopolize paternity. 3 Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain this incomplete monopolization. Those we test tested by integrating behavioural, genetic, and physiological data include: 1) functional costs and tradeoffs; 2) female strategies; 3) alternative male mating strategies; and 4) the concession
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