DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cultural Content on English Textbook Used by Junior High School

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Cultural Content on English Textbook Used by Junior High School The Cultural Content on English Textbook used by Junior High School Students THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Ika Aprilia Mulfianti 112008011 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY SALATIGA FEBRUARY 2013 i The Cultural Content on English Textbook used by Junior High School Students THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Ika Aprilia Mulfianti 112008011 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY SALATIGA FEBRUARY 2013 ii The Cultural Content on English Textbook used by Junior High School Students THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Ika Aprilia Mulfianti 112008011 Approved by iii COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text. Copyright@ 2012. Ika Aprilia Mulfianti and Nugrahenny T. Zacharias, Ph. D. All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Department, Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana University, Salatiga. Ika Aprilia Mulfianti: iv PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community, I verify that: Name : Ika Aprilia Mulfianti Student ID Number : 112008011 Study Program : English Department Faculty : Faculty of Language and Literature Kind of Work : Undergraduate Thesis In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled: The Cultural Content on English Textbook used by Second Grade of Junior High School Students along with any pertinent equipment. With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce, print, publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database, transmit, broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my express written permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer. This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge. Made in : Salatiga Date : 11 February 2013 Approved by; v The Cultural Content on English Textbook used by Second Grade of Junior High School Students Ika Aprilia Mulfianti ABSTRACT “EIL involves cross-cultural interactions among the users of English from the inner circle, the outer circle and the expanding circle and hence these users of EIL are in constant touch with each other’s varieties of English” (Canagarajah, 2006, p. 231). English as an International Language (EIL) has become one of the current issue in language teaching. This study was conducted to investigate the existence of cultural content in English textbook used by second grade junior high school. The study analyzed an English textbook entitled English in Focus which currently used by public junior high school in Indonesia. English in Focus was published by Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Indonesia in 2008 and written by Wardiman, Jahur, and Djusma (2008). The book was designed based on standard of KTSP 2006. This study focused on analyzing the cultural contents in reading, listening and speaking texts. The data was analyzed quantitatively and elaborated qualitatively. The result of this study revealed that English in Focus tended to represent local culture. It was important to note that the two other cultures were also being represented through the texts such as the English diversity and Western culture. Keywords: local culture, western culture, English as International Language (EIL), English textbook. Introduction The aim of the study is to investigate the existence of cultural content in an English textbook used by second grade of junior high school students. When I was junior high student, I remember the textbook that was used to give any western texts such as Cinderella and The Three Little Pigs. Another input text (I was used to known was conversation between two Western people), for example a dialog between Mr. Brown and Mrs. Brown. Based on my experience, now I realize that the textbook I was used to read when I was in junior high gave a lot of exposure on western culture. In ELT, textbooks have an important role in English teaching and learning process, even though there are other media which can support the activities in classroom. Moreover, textbooks are a key and universal component (Hutchinson & Torres, 1994; Richard, 2002). Therefore, when I recalled my memory in my junior high school, I consider that western cultures were exposed more than local culture. The 1 fact, the existence of bilingual user who use English are acceptable to teach English, make teachers have more authority to develop local culture as a media on ELT. According to Cortazzi and Jin (2011), a textbook is useful if students, teachers and textbook authors share the same cultural values. In the same way, the cultural values refers to the idea when the teacher chooses a certain textbook he/she has to consider what cultures is presented on the textbook and how it accommodates the students’ needs. However, the previous study which was conducted by Ristina (2012) showed the local cultures found in English textbook such as Indonesian heritage (Borobudur temple) and Javanese value ‘rikuh’. This study has provided a good example about cultural content in English textbook used by Senior High School. I thought this study was important as the continuity from the Ristina’s study. I expect the cultural context that exists in English textbook may help the students to be more aware with Indonesian culture by learning English. It is in line with McKay (2012) said that EIL should be taught in a way that respects the local culture of learning. Based on that situation, I am conducting a research study which focused on an English textbook title English in Focus which is using by second grade of junior high students. Therefore, this study aimed to answer the following research question: To what extent does English textbook used by junior high school students meet the EIL principles? There were several reasons for choosing this topic. Firstly, I personally thought that textbook was important for EIL as the teacher’s guidance in teaching. Secondly, my experience in teaching second grade junior high students had opened my mind. The students were enthusiastic when I gave listening activities about Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, while before I gave listening activities about Rihanna. By having a listening activity about Rihana, they even did not pay attention. From their responses, it was shown that they were more 2 interested in listening local fairytales rather than listening to the famous singer’s biography. This experience led me to think that local culture might be used in teaching English. The findings of my study might provide new insights for Indonesian English teachers about the existence of cultural value in the English textbook used by second grade of junior high school students. The importance of different cultures in the textbook is to enrich teachers’ and the students’ cultural awareness about their own culture and to have a better cultural understanding towards the existence of other cultures (Cortazzi & Jin, 1999). The following section discussed the theory of English textbook and EIL principle, which served as the basis for further interpretation of this study. Literature review Kress (2000) stated that nearly every textbook at uses to modes of communication: (a) language as writing and (b) image. He added that, the content of textbook only as ‘exercise books’ and ‘instructions books’ which lacked of intention in raising the students’ awareness and interest by providing cultural content. In contrast to Kress’s opinion, McKay (2002) stated that it is important in providing cross-cultural encounter since the students needed encouragement to recognize the diversity within all cultures. Therefore, the function of textbook is not only as an exercise and instruction book, but also as a medium to introduce the cultures diversity. The reason of choosing this topic was because I wondered whether the English textbook used by second grade of junior high school gave many spaces for western culture, another culture or Indonesian culture. The study used the EIL material development principles based on McKay’s principles (2012). These principles could be used to interpret the cultural content of certain texts in English textbook entitled English in Focus used by second grade of junior high school students. The principles were described as followed: 3 “EIL materials should be relevant to the domain in which English is used in the particular learning context” Here, the domain and learning context means the local culture, in this case was Indonesia. Local culture is the culture created by sharing experiences, customs, and traits. It is supported by Brennan (2012) who says that local culture is the way of lives which are rules, values, and expected behaviors of certain community. Similarly, McKay notes that it is important to provide the students with an opportunity to learn their own culture and to learn the language needed to explain the cultural elements in English (McKay, 2002). For example, a textbook which is not only published and used in Indonesia but also used by Indonesian students and teachers might ask to describe annual Indonesian event such as karaban sapi, ngaben, and wayang. She added that English did not always be linked to the culture of those who speak it as a first language (McKay, 2004). In conclusion, putting the local culture in the English textbook is useful to stimulate the students’ awareness about their own culture.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 6 CHAPTER 2 THEORITICAL FOUDNATION 2.1 Theories Of
    6 CHAPTER 2 THEORITICAL FOUDNATION 2.1 Theories of Picture Book A picture book combines visual and verbal narratives in one medium which is in a book format. The illustration can be made with different range of media, digitally or manually (Sipe,1998). Picture book is called a picture book, because the illustrations dominate the text and they are both equally important (Summer,2013). Yet, there are several picture books are told completely by pictures only. For this particular project, the use of a well-balanced text and illustrations to introduce young readers about animals is necessary, because it will be an educational picture book for young readers not just a story book. 2.2 Theories of Picture Book Roles Picture book is written to help children discover about their surroundings, it is also a written artifact that transmit cultural information and values their surroundings. Books that children read and learn with, including used in classrooms for educational, can impact their self-awareness (Chaudhri & Teale,2013) and help them to establish a positive self-identity (Hall,2008; Levin,2007). Picture book can be an educational tool, most children can interact with it. Consequently picture books contents are matters (Koss,2015). Therefore, picture book is chosen as the main media to educate and raise young readers early awareness toward endemic animals of Indonesia. This picture book will include colorful and contemporary illustrations to gain young readers attention. It will also include fun facts about each of the endangered animal with simple words and short paragraph to help young children 7 understand the information easily.
    [Show full text]
  • Publikasi Jurnal (8).Pdf
    KERAGAMAN HAYATI DALAM RELIEF CANDI SEBAGAI BENTUK KONSERVASI LINGKUNGAN (Studi Kasus di Candi Penataran Kabupaten Blitar) Dra. Theresia Widiastuti, M.Sn. [email protected] Dr. Supana, M.Hum. [email protected] Drs. Djoko Panuwun, M.Sn. [email protected] Abstrak Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian ini adalah mengangkat eksistensi Candi Penataran, tidak saja sebagai situs religi, namun sebagai sumber pengetahuan kehidupan (alam, lingkungan, sosial, dan budaya). Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah melakukan dokumentasi dan inventarisasi berbagai bentuk keragaman hayati, baik flora maupun fauna, yang terdapat dalam relief Candi Penataran. Temuan dalam penelitian ini berupa informasi yang lengkap, cermat, dan sahih mengenai dokumentasi keragaman hayati dalam relief candi Penataran di Kabupaten Blitar Jawa Timur, klasifikasi keragaman hayati, dan ancangan tafsir yang dapat dugunakan bagi penelitian lain mengenai keragaman hayati, dan penelitian sosial, seni, budaya, pada umumnya. Kata Kunci: Candi, penataran, relief, ragam hias, hayati 1. Latar Belakang Masalah Citra budaya timur, khususnya budaya Jawa, telah dikenal di seluruh penjuru dunia sebagai budaya tinggi dan adi luhung. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Sugiyarto (2011:250) yang menyatakan bahwa Jawa merupakan pusat peradaban karena masyarakat Jawa dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang mampu menyelaraskan diri dengan alam. Terbukti dengan banyaknya peninggalan-peninggalan warisan budaya dari leluhur Jawa, misalnya peninggalan benda-benda purbakala berupa candi. Peninggalan-peninggalan purbakala yang tersebar di wilayah Jawa memberikan gambaran yang nyata betapa kayanya warisan budaya Jawa yang harus digali dan dijaga keberadaannya. Candi Penataran, merupakan simbol axis mundy atau sumber pusat spiritual dan replika penataan pemerintahan kerajaan-kerajaan di Jawa Timur. Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap Candi Penataran, tetapi lebih menyoroti pada tafsir-tafsir historis istana sentris.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles in Indonesia: Issues and Problems
    Copyright: © 2006 Iskandar and Erdelen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and repro- Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 4(1):60-87. duction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI: 10.1514/journal.arc.0040016 (2329KB PDF) The authors are responsible for the facts presented in this article and for the opinions expressed there- in, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organisation. The authors note that important literature which could not be incorporated into the text has been published follow- ing the drafting of this article. Conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Indonesia: issues and problems DJOKO T. ISKANDAR1 * AND WALTER R. ERDELEN2 1School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 10, Jalan Ganesa, Bandung 40132 INDONESIA 2Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO, 1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, FRANCE Abstract.—Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geologi- cal origins, as well as marked differences in composition of their floras and faunas. Indonesia is considered one of the megadiversity centers, both in terms of species numbers as well as endemism. According to the Biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia, 16% of all amphibian and reptile species occur in Indonesia, a total of over 1,100 species. New research activities, launched in the last few years, indicate that these figures may be significantly higher than generally assumed. Indonesia is suspected to host the worldwide highest numbers of amphibian and reptiles species.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Ecology of the Raja Ampat Archipelago, Papua Province, Indonesia
    ISSN 1198-6727 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 2006 Volume 14 Number 7 Historical Ecology of the Raja Ampat Archipelago, Papua Province, Indonesia Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada Historical Ecology of the Raja Ampat Archipelago, Papua Province, Indonesia by Maria Lourdes D. Palomares and Johanna J. Heymans Fisheries Centre Research Reports 14(7) 64 pages © published 2006 by The Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z4 ISSN 1198-6727 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 14(7) 2006 HISTORICAL ECOLOGY OF THE RAJA AMPAT ARCHIPELAGO, PAPUA PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Maria Lourdes D. Palomares and Johanna J. Heymans CONTENTS Page DIRECTOR’S FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Historical Ecology of the Raja Ampat Archipelago, Papua Province, Indonesia ........................................2 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................4 The spice trade and the East Indies.........................................................................................................4 Explorations in New Guinea ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Open Season: an Analysis of the Pet Trade in Medan, Sumatra 1997 - 2001 I OPEN SEASON
    OPEN SEASON: An analysis of the pet trade in Medan, Sumatra 1997 - 2001 Chris R. Shepherd Jeet Sukumaran Serge A.Wich A TRAFFIC SOUTHEAST ASIA REPORT Published by TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia © 2004 TRAFFIC Southeast Asia All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be produced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC Southeast Asia as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF, TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Layout by Noorainie Awang Anak, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Suggested citation:Chris R. Shepherd, Jeet Sukumaran, Serge A. Wich (2004) Open Season:An analysis of the pet trade in Medan, Sumatra 1997 - 2001 TRAFFIC Southeast Asia ISBN 983-3393-02-0 Photograph credit (cover): Black-capped Lory Lorius lory, for sale in Medan, Sumatra (Chris R. Shepherd/TRAFIC Southeast Asia) Open Season: An analysis of the pet trade in Medan, Sumatra 1997 - 2001 i OPEN SEASON: An analysis of the pet trade in Medan, Sumatra 1997 - 2001 Chris R. Shepherd Jeet Sukumaran Serge A.Wich : Chris R.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles in Indonesia: Issues and Problems
    Copyright: © 2006 Iskandar and Erdelen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and repro- Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 4(1):60-87. duction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI: 10.1514/journal.arc.0040016 (2329KB PDF) The authors are responsible for the facts presented in this article and for the opinions expressed there- in, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organisation. The authors note that important literature which could not be incorporated into the text has been published follow- ing the drafting of this article. Conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Indonesia: issues and problems DJOKO T. ISKANDAR1 * AND WALTER R. ERDELEN2 1School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 10, Jalan Ganesa, Bandung 40132 INDONESIA 2Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO, 1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, FRANCE Abstract.—Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geologi- cal origins, as well as marked differences in composition of their floras and faunas. Indonesia is considered one of the megadiversity centers, both in terms of species numbers as well as endemism. According to the Biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia, 16% of all amphibian and reptile species occur in Indonesia, a total of over 1,100 species. New research activities, launched in the last few years, indicate that these figures may be significantly higher than generally assumed. Indonesia is suspected to host the worldwide highest numbers of amphibian and reptile species.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Inventory in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 18, Number 1, January 2017 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 341-350 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d180145 Orchid inventory in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia DWI MURTI PUSPITANINGTYAS Center for Plant Conservation-Bogor Botanical Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Djuanda No. 13, Paledang, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel. +62-251-8322187, Fax. +62-251-8322187, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 3 November 2016. Revision accepted: 18 January 2017. Abstract. Puspitaningtyas DM. 2017. Orchid inventory in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 341-350. Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, commonly abbreviated as Babul National Park, is in South Sulawesi. It occupies an area of 43,750 hectares between 119o34'17"-119o55'13" East and 4o42'49"-5o06'42" South. Babul National Park is an area in the transition zone between Asia and Australia and therefore has a unique flora and fauna. The study reported here aimed to inventory the orchid species in the Babul National Park area and to determine the orchid diversity in the area. The results of the study recorded approximately 60 orchid species found in Babul National Park. These were representative of 32 genera and consisted of 42 species of epiphytic orchids and 18 species of terrestrial orchids. The terrestrial orchid Habenaria beccarii and the epiphytic orchid Aerides inflexa were the most common orchids found, and were spread evenly throughout the Babul National Park area. Coelogyne celebensis and Aerides inflexa are endemic orchids of Sulawesi found within the Park. Three species of the genus Nervilia, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • English Through Environmental Education
    Jacobs, G. M., Lie, A., & Amy, S. (2006). An Indonesia example of teaching English via environmental education. In S. Mayer and G. Wilson (Eds.), Ecodidactic perspectives on English language, literatures and cultures (pp. 45-62). Trier, Germany: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. An Indonesian Example of Teaching English via Environmental Education George M. Jacobs, Anita Lie, Susan Amy This essay describes the development of an English coursebook that drew upon environmental education for the content. The book was designed to assist Indonesian university students in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The three authors of the present essay served as the book’s three editors. The authors of the individual lessons in the coursebook were lecturers at Indonesian universities. The essay begins with a brief introduction to environmental education. Next, common methodological foundation of environmental education and second language instruction are considered. These include learner centeredness, connecting class activities with students’ lives outside school, curricular integration, a focus on learning for meaning, valuing diversity, concern for process and long-term effects, a preference for cooperation rather than competition or individualism, and teachers as fellow learners. Student participation in environmental education is emphasized. Finally, the process of the book’s development is described and sample materials are shown and explained. Keywords: environmental education, English teaching, second language instruction, foreign language instruction, teaching methodology, curricular integration. 1. Introduction Indonesia is one of our planet’s largest countries and the repository of some of its most precious natural resources, including rainforests and the flora and fauna residing there. Unfortunately, every year, more and more of the flora and fauna of Indonesia disappear.
    [Show full text]
  • Associated Grouper Epinephelus Areolatus from Indonesian Waters
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/232699144 An environmental assessment of the parasite fauna of the reef- associated grouper Epinephelus areolatus from Indonesian waters ARTICLE in JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY · OCTOBER 2012 Impact Factor: 1.42 · DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X12000715 · Source: PubMed CITATION READS 1 82 5 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Sonja Kleinertz Stefan Theisen University of Rostock University of Rostock 13 PUBLICATIONS 49 CITATIONS 4 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Harry W Palm University of Rostock 84 PUBLICATIONS 1,267 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Sonja Kleinertz letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 31 October 2015 Journal of Helminthology (2014) 88, 50–63 doi:10.1017/S0022149X12000715 q Cambridge University Press 2012 An environmental assessment of the parasite fauna of the reef-associated grouper Epinephelus areolatus from Indonesian waters S. Kleinertz1,2*†, I.M. Damriyasa3, W. Hagen4, S. Theisen1 and H.W. Palm1 1Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18059 Rostock, Germany: 2Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany: 3Center for Studies on Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Bali 80361, Indonesia: 4Marine Zoology, BreMarE Bremen Marine Ecology Centre for Research & Education, Bremen University, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany (Received 26 March 2012; Accepted 29 August 2012; First Published Online 25 October 2012) Abstract Sixty Epinephelus areolatus were examined for metazoan fish parasites in Indonesia, off Segara Anakan lagoon, Java and in Balinese waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Edible Frog Harvesting in Indonesia: Evaluating Its Impact and Ecological Context
    EDIBLE FROG HARVESTING IN INDONESIA: EVALUATING ITS IMPACT AND ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT Thesis submitted by Mirza Dikari KUSRINI BSc (IPB) MSc (IPB) In February 2005 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology and Tropical Ecology within the School of Tropical Biology James Cook University ELECTRONIC COPY I, the undersigned, the author of this work, declare that the electronic copy of this thesis provided to the James Cook University Library, is an accurate copy of the print thesis submitted, within the limits of the technology available. _______________________________ _______________ Signature Date ABSTRACT Frogs are harvested in Indonesia for both domestic consumption and export. Concerns have been expressed about the extent of this harvest, but there have been no detailed studies on the edible frog trade in Indonesia, or on the status or population dynamics of the harvested species. To investigate the possible impact of this practise, I collected data on harvesting and trading of frog legs in Java, Indonesia. I also investigated the ecology and population dynamics of the three species that are most heavily harvested: Fejervarya limnocharis-iskandari complex, F. cancrivora and Limnonectes macrodon. The first step of the study quantified the extent of the Indonesian edible frog leg trade for export and domestic purposes. Harvesting is an unskilled job and serves as livelihood for many people. There is no regulation of this harvest, and species taken and size limits are governed by market demand. The most harvested species in Java are F. cancrivora and L. macrodon. Harvests occur all year long. The number of frogs harvested fluctuates and is controlled by natural forces such as dry/wet seasons, moon phase, and planting seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Bali to Komodo – in Search of the Dragon!
    Bali to Komodo – In Search of the Dragon! Naturetrek Tour Report 9 - 21 September 2019 Komodo Dragon (Sara Frost) Java Banded Pitta (Anne Woodington) Manta Ray (Sara Frost) Criniod Canyon (Sara Frost) Report compiled by Sara Frost Images courtesy of Anne Woodington & Sara Frost Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Bali to Komodo – In Search of the Dragon! Tour participants: Sara Frost (Leader) and Chas Anderson (Cruise Leader) with 15 Naturetrek clients Introduction Guests on this wonderful 14-day tour of the pristine and unspoiled islands of Indonesia were treated to fantastic sightings of cetaceans, totalling eight species: Common and Indo-pacific Bottlenose, Risso’s, Pantropical Spotted, Spinner and Fraser’s Dolphins plus Dwarf Sperm Whales and Melon-headed Whales. The group also enjoyed breath-taking snorkelling over stunning, colourful coral reefs teeming with such life as Green and Hawksbill Turtles, Black-tip Reef Sharks, Moray Eels, Nudibranchs and (quite literally!) a countless number of fish species. On land, we explored the islands of Komodo and Rinca, with the guided walks on both islands providing excellent views of the formidable Komodo Dragons, as well as Yellow-crested Cockatoos, Flame-breasted Sunbirds, Orange-footed Scrubfowl and Green Junglefowl (to mention only a few species!). Our experience was very much enhanced by the ever-attentive crew of our vessel – both on board and when in the water! This
    [Show full text]
  • The Triassic Marine Biota of Eastern Indonesia and Its Interregional and Global Correlation: a Review
    Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 5 No. 1 Maret 2010: 31-47 The Triassic Marine Biota of Eastern Indonesia and its Interregional and Global Correlation: A Review F. HASIBUAN Geological Survey Institute Jln. Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia ABSTRACT The interregional and global correlation of the Triassic biota of Indonesia was based on the review of previous workers and the author himself. Scythian Epoch (Early Triassic) in Timor is subdivided into Early Scythian with Ophiceras demisso, Meekoceras sp., Pseudomonotis subaurita, Gervillia subpannonica, and Myophoria sp., whilst Late Scythian is indicated by the presence of Owenites egrediens and Sibirites sp. The presence of Anisian Stage (Middle Triassic) in Misool is indicated by ammonite Beyrichites and bivalve Daonella lilintana. In Timor, this stage is pointed out by the presence of Joannites cymbiformis, Monophyl- lites wengensis, Protrachyceras archaelus, Daonella indica, Tracyceras cf. aon, Brochidium timorense, and Lima subpunctatoides. Terebellina mackayi found above Beyrichites-bearing bed in Misool has an age range from Anisian to Ladinian. It is concluded that the boundary between Anisian and Ladinian lies between beds with Beyrichites and Terebellina mackayi. Early Carnian Stage (Late Triassic) in Timor is indicated by the presence of Joanites cymbiformis, Waldhausenites sp., Miltites sp., and Halogyra cipitiensis; whereas Late Carnian is indicated by the presence of Cladicites crassestriatus and Tropites subbulatus. The presence of Halobia verbeeki, Pinacoceras parma, Neobetites sp., Parabetites sp., Malayites sp., Amarassites sp., and Halorites sp., indicates the Early Norian Stage, whilst the presence of Cladiscites tornatus, Cyrtopleurits malayicus, and Trachypleuraspidites sp. implies the Late Norian. The Rhaetian Stage in Timor contains Choristoceras indoaustralicum, whereas in Misool it contains Choristoceras sp.
    [Show full text]