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Index A la recherché du temps perdu (Proust) 153 Anglo-Japanese Alliance 183 Abegg, Wilhelm 15 Anglo-Russian Convention 183 abortion 46, 92, 94, 298–9, 304, 367 Anglo-Soviet agreement of mutual Abyssinian crisis 271, 384, 409, 417 assistance 431 Academic Karelia Society 317 anomie 53 Action Française 311, 317, 319 Anschluss 99, 330, 335, 360, 388, 411, Action of the Gueux 465 476 Adler, Friedrich 249, 251 Anti-Comintern Pact 409 Adorno, Theodore 31 Antonescu, General Ion 462 Aehrenthal, Count Alois 185 Antwerp 73, 228 Agadir crisis 185–6 Apitz, Bruno 491 Agnelli, Giovanni 110 Apollinaire, Guillaume 50, 57, 156–8 Aid and Rescue Committee 481 appeasement 276, 288, 328, 334–6, 376, Albania 230, 312–13, 320 384, 388, 407, 415, 422, 431, 433 Aldington, Richard 154 Aragon, Louis 60, 63 Alexander II, Tsar 146, 166 Armstrong, Louis 346 Alexander III, Tsar 166, 244 Army Bureau of Current Affairs Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold 449 (ABCA) 448 Alexandrov, Grigori 353 Arp, Hans 58 Algeciras Conference 184 Arrivée d’un train à La Ciotat 160 Alliance for Women’s Suffrage Arrow Cross (Nyilas) 462 (Germany) 40 COPYRIGHTEDart nouveau MATERIAL 51 Alltagsgeschichte 457 Asquith, Herbert H. 169, 203, 207 Alsace-Lorraine 175, 181, 230–1, 237, Association de Mariage Chrétien 94 240, 273, 328, 332, 417, 457 Attlee, Clement 398 Amsterdam 73, 177, 466, 496 Aubrac, Lucie 467 anarchism 59, 70, 92, 135, 140, 146, 175, Auchinleck, Field Marshal Sir Claude 449 317, 385–6 Auclert, Hubertine 38 Anderson, Hans Niels 237 Augspurg, Anita 42 Anderson, M. S. 137 Auschwitz 479, 495, 498, 501 Anderson, Sir John 460 authoritarianism 127, 310–11, 313–14, Anglo-German naval agreement 409 316–23, 375, 377, 382, 386 540 index avant garde 7, 50, 52, 54, 56–65, 70, 346 Olympic games 73, 410 Azaña, Manuel 377, 382, 386–7 and sexuality 83, 86, 88–9 urban development of 6, 8 Baader, Joannes 59 and working class 172 Babi Yar (Kuznezov) 499 and WWI 205–7, 209, 235, 239, 253–4 bacteriology 22, 88 and WWII 430–1, 477, 479 Baden-Powell, Robert 69–70 Bernhardt, Sarah 160 Baker, Josephine 60, 343, 346, 352, 358 Bernstein, Eduard 172–3 Baldwin, Peter 17, 83 Best, Nellie 42 Baldwin, Stanley 329, 397, 427 Bethe, Hans 29 Balfour, Arthur 177 Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von 184, Ball, Hugo 58 187–9, 202, 206, 229–30, 236–7 Ballets Russes 159 Beveridge Report 460 Barbie, Klaus 496 Białystok 479–80 Barbusse, Henri 63, 283 Biennio Rosso 285, 378 Barcelona 110, 386 Binet, Alfred 86 Barnett, Corelli 460 Birkenau 479 Barney, Natalie 87 Bismarck, Otto von 9–10, 120, 125, 171– Barrès, Maurice 68 3, 175, 179, 181, 192, 264, 333 Bateau Lavoir 157 Blast 155, 159 Battle of Britain 394, 430 Blaue Reiter (Blue Riders) 55 Battle of the Atlantic 401–2 Blitzkrieg xxv, 394, 458–9 Battle of the Somme, The 161 Bloch, Marc 382, 388 Battleship Potemkin (Eisenstein) 60 Blomberg, General Werner von 410 Bauer, Otto 251 Bło´nski, Jan 498 Bauhaus 62, 346 Bloody Sunday (Russia) 167, 244, 246 Bauman, Zygmunt 484 Blum, Léon 381–4, 388–9, 426, 429 Bechet, Sidney 346 Blunden, Edmund 224 Beck, Colonel Josef 413–14 Bock, Gisela 43, 367 Becker, Jean-Jacques 207–8 Boer War 11, 119, 126, 145, 309 Beckett, Ian 211, 458 Bohemia 99, 174, 230, 249, 312, 457 Belgium 103–4 Bohr, Niels 20–1, 29, 54 1914 invasion and occupation of 189, Bolsheviks 92, 108, 139, 306, 334, 426, 199, 203, 207, 209, 214, 234 432, 452 1940 invasion and occupation of 429, and modernism 58–9, 62 457–8, 462, 466, 479, 482, 489 and revolution 45, 59–60, 202, 235, Congo 127 239, 244, 246–7, 251–2, 292–303 Entente aims in 231, 237, 239–40 Bomber Command 399–400 German aims in 228–9, 231, 237 Bonnet, Georges 428 memories of WWII and Bonsal, Stephen 262 Holocaust 495–6 Booth, Charles 8–9 reparations for 272–3 Bosnia-Herzegovina 174, 184–5, 187, 230 . Bełzec 479 Bosnian annexation crisis 184–5 Benedict XV, Pope 233 Bourbon Prince Sixtus de 238 Beneˇs, Eduard 328 Boy’s Friend 199 Bennett, Rab 468 Boyle, Nina 46 Berlin 16, 197, 348, 380, 426, 428 Brand, Adolf 86 memories of WWII and Holocaust 492, Brandt, Willy 491, 496 501 Braque, Georges 56, 156–7, 162 and modernism 53, 57, 59, 61–2, 346 Bratislava 481 and Nazism 286, 344 Braybon, Gail 41 index 541 Brecht, Bertolt 50, 59 Canning, Kathleen 141 Bremen 253, 363, 370 Caporetto, Battle of 220, 235, 239 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of 239, 292 carnet anthropometrique 15 Breton, André 60–1, 63 Carnet B 203 Bretton Woods Conference 106 Carol II, King 318 Briand, Aristide 231, 333 Carpenter, Edward 86 Brion, Hélène 42 Carr, E. H. 334 British Broadcasting Corporation Carson, Edward 170 (BBC) 431, 465–6, 498 cartel des gauches 282 British Expeditionary Force (BEF) 208, Casement, Roger 235 219, 221–2, 225 Casti Connubii 92 British Legion 283 Catholic Center Party (Germany) 142–3, British Society for the Study of Sexual 256 Psychology 88 Catt, Carrie Chapman 46 British Union of Fascists (BUF) 322 Caucasus 234, 301, 433–4 Brittain, Vera 72, 329 Cavell, Edith 41 Broadway Melody 353 Cecil, Lord Robert 269–70 Broken Blossom 347 Cˇetniks 465 Brooke, Rupert 71, 204 Cezanne, Paul 156–8 Brown, Dr. Felix 398 Chamberlain, Austen 332, 339 Brown, Ford Madox 152 Chamberlain, Neville 335–6, 407, 412–14, Brown-Sequard, Charles E. 87 416, 420, 422, 427–9, 433 Brüning, Heinrich 380 Chandler, Alfred 110–12, 115 Brusilov, General Aleksei 235 Chaplain, Charlie 347 Brussels 89, 177, 496 Chełmno 479 Buchenwald 15, 479, 492 Chevalier, Maurice 344–5, 464 Budapest 53, 57, 83, 174, 251, 330, 481 Chicago School 7 Bulgaria Christian Socialist Party (Austria) 251, 380 and Balkan wars 99, 186 Christian X, King 237 between the wars 292, 309, 311, Churchill, Winston 128, 398, 426–37, 329–30 440, 456, 459, 498 and peace settlement of 1919 267, 274 Clair, René 348, 353 and WWI 230, 234–5, 240 Clemenceau, Georges 175–6, 263–7, 272, and WWII 435–6, 457, 479, 483 328 Bullock, Alan 161 Cline, Catherine 329 Bülow, Count Bernhard von 172, 183 Cocteau, Jean 346 Bund Deutscher Mädel 77 Codreanu, Corneliu 318 Bund für Mutterschutz 91 Colin, Paul 60 Burgfrieden 138, 201–2 collectivization 62, 300–1, 307, 353, 459, Burleigh, Michael 457, 463 463 Butler, Josephine 85 Colley, Linda 129 Cologne 62, 110, 332 Cabaret Voltaire 58–9 Combat 466 Cabiria 160 Comintern 292, 294, 306, 330, 378–83, Cadorna, General Luigi 220 386, 388–90, 418 Cain, P. J. 121 Communist Party (France – PCF) 381, Calder, Angus 460 383–4, 388 Calligrammes 57 Communist Party (Germany – KPD) 314, Cameroons 232 365, 370–1, 375, 380 Campbell, John 456 Communist Party (Italy – PCI) 378–9, Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 169 494–5 542 index Communist Party (Spain – PCE) 386–7 creation of xxiv, 99, 249–51, 269, 274, Comrades of the Great War 283 312 Concerning the Spiritual in Art (Matisse) 55 D’Annunzio, Gabriel 70, 314 Confederación Española de Derechas D’Haussonville, Othenin 8 Autónomas (CEDA) 385–7, 390 Dachau 479, 502 Confédération Générale du Travail dada 50–1, 58–62, 65 (CGT) 202, 383 Dahl, Hans Fredrik 463 Congress Dances 353 Dahrendorf, Ralf 366 Congress of Oppressed Peoples 249 Daily Mirror 207 Conrad von Hötzendorf, General Daily Telegraph 237, 460 Franz 187, 191, 248 Daladier, Edouard 382, 388 Conrad, Joseph 152–3 Dalí, Salvadore 29, 61 Conservative Party (Britain) 125, 168–71, Danzig 266, 269, 271, 273, 413–15, 420, 176, 282–3, 434 457 Constantinople 99, 184, 232, 234–5, Darwin, Charles 10, 22, 51, 53, 162 238 Darwinism 18, 22, 191, 198 constructivism 50–1, 58, 60–2 Davidson, Roger 83 Contagious Diseases Act (Britain) 85 Davis, Norman 272 contraception 45–6, 84, 88, 91–4, 367 Davison, Emily 170 Coolidge, Calvin 273 Dawes Plan 331 Copenhagen 21, 88, 110, 481 D-Day 400, 446, 460, 498 Cormouls-Houlès, Édouard 10 de Gaulle, Charles 393, 430, 436, 466–7, Coubertin, Baron Pierre de 73 496 Coulondre, Robert 427 . Debrecen 481 Council for Aid to Jews (Zegota) 482 Degrelle, Léon 462 Council of Five 266 DeGroot, Gerard 203 Council of Four 266–7 Deist, Wilhelm 253, 257 Council of Ten 265–7 Denmark 3, 12, 108 Cowman, Krista 39 feminist movement in 38, 43, 46 Craiglockhart Hospital 218 and WWI 229–30, 237 Crete 431 and WWII 16, 429, 457, 465, 479, criminology 14–15 481, 483, 495, 501 Crisis of European Sciences, The Depression 101, 104, 106, 110, 121, 281, (Husserl) 31 303, 448 critical theory 29 Nazism, fascism and 75, 321–2, 334, Croix de Feu 284 359–61, 369, 380 cubism 51, 53, 56–7, 60, 63, 155–9 Der Eigen 86 Cunliffe, Lord 273 Derby, Lord 283 Cunningham, Valentine 376 Dernburg, Bernhard 126 Curie, Marie 24, 29 Dessau 62 Curtius, Julius 334 Deutscher Textilarbeiterverband 141 Curzon, Lord Nathaniel 127 Diaghilev, Serge 159 Czech National Committee 250 Dialectic of Enlightenment (Adorno) 31 Czech National Council 249 Diary of a Young Girl (Frank) 491 Czechoslovak-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Dickens, Charles 152 Assistance 411 Die Grosse Politik der Europäischen Czechoslovakia xix, 43, 310 Kabinette, 1871–1914 331 between the wars 332, 335, 380, 388, Dietrich, Otto 77 407–8, 410–13, 415, 417, 419, 426–7, Dimitrov, Georgi 382 476, 487 Disarmament Conference 333 index 543 Dix, Otto 59 Fabian Society 127, 159 Dobson, Sean 252 Fairbanks, Douglas 347 Dolchstoss 285 Faisceau 317 Doolittle, Hilda (H.
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  • The Politics of Fernando Pessoa

    The Politics of Fernando Pessoa

    nick burns THE POLITICS OF FERNANDO PESSOA n how many of the garrets and non-garrets of this world / Are there self-styled geniuses dreaming this very moment?’ By his death in 1935, the genius of Fernando Pessoa was in danger of emerging from anonymity. For decades, remaining unknown ‘Ioutside a small circle of literary friends had been a source of inspira- tion and a rampart from which to engage in period polemics. Pessoa drifted between cafés, rented rooms and tobacconists, quays and com- mercial offices in Portugal’s backwater metropolis, imagining one day his fame would surpass that of Camões. He had doubts: ‘At this moment / A hundred thousand brains dream themselves geniuses like me!’1 But in his last years there were promising signs. He had acquired readers: a younger generation of modernist poets, clustered around the maga- zine Presença, would succeed in conveying his work to a broader national audience after the Second World War. Internationally, talk of Pessoa spread in the 1960s, with a sweeping criti- cal treatment from Octavio Paz at the start of the decade and another, narrowly formal, from linguist Roman Jakobson at its close.2 In the New York Review of Books the critic Michael Wood soon seconded Jakobson’s assessment of Pessoa as a great undiscovered figure of the generation of Joyce and Picasso.3 But the breakthrough came after the publication in Portugal of his incomparable collocation of prose fragments, O Livro do Desassossego, in 1982. Four different English translations of it as The Book of Disquiet appeared in 1991 alone, and three years later Harold Bloom saw fit to include Pessoa in the elite group of writers of his Western Canon (1994), on the merits of his visionary reading of Whitman.
  • 2–9 November Collaboration

    2–9 November Collaboration

    2–9 November Collaboration Presented by Sarah and Chaim Neuberger Holocaust Education Centre UJA Federation of Greater Toronto We Gratefully Acknowledge Our Donors and Sponsors Holocaust Education Week 2014 presenting sponsor lead benefactors The Elizabeth & Tony Comper Foundation Honey & Barry Sherman Holocaust Education Week 2014 explores the distinct ways in which individuals, groups and governments collaborated during the Shoah. media sponsors This inclusive program will address many forms of collaboration: from the experi- ences of those who purposely chose to collaborate with the Nazis in genocide and crimes against humanity—precipitating events such as Kristallnacht and the Hungarian deportations—to those who defied the Nazis and collaborated instead corporate benefactors in resistance and even rescue, as in the Kindertransport, and by those now desig- nated as Righteous Among the Nations. Collaboration serves as a prism for exam- ining the breadth and depth of human and institutional responses to the rise of National Socialism and the events of the Holocaust. foundation, cultural & civic benefactors HEW 2014 is proud to present a group of outstanding experts-in-residence. Our scholar is Professor Doris Bergen of the University of Toronto, whose essay in this Ministry of Foreign Affairs program guide provides an overview of the theme; educator is Martin Hagmayr of Hungary of the Pedagogical Department, Hartheim Castle, where medical professionals and ordinary clerks collaborated to murder the most vulnerable in society through the