Index

A la recherché du temps perdu (Proust) 153 Anglo-Japanese Alliance 183 Abegg, Wilhelm 15 Anglo-Russian Convention 183 abortion 46, 92, 94, 298–9, 304, 367 Anglo-Soviet agreement of mutual Abyssinian crisis 271, 384, 409, 417 assistance 431 Academic Karelia Society 317 anomie 53 Action Française 311, 317, 319 Anschluss 99, 330, 335, 360, 388, 411, Action of the Gueux 465 476 Adler, Friedrich 249, 251 Anti-Comintern Pact 409 Adorno, Theodore 31 Antonescu, General Ion 462 Aehrenthal, Count Alois 185 Antwerp 73, 228 Agadir crisis 185–6 Apitz, Bruno 491 Agnelli, Giovanni 110 Apollinaire, Guillaume 50, 57, 156–8 Aid and Rescue Committee 481 appeasement 276, 288, 328, 334–6, 376, Albania 230, 312–13, 320 384, 388, 407, 415, 422, 431, 433 Aldington, Richard 154 Aragon, Louis 60, 63 Alexander II, Tsar 146, 166 Armstrong, Louis 346 Alexander III, Tsar 166, 244 Army Bureau of Current Affairs Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold 449 (ABCA) 448 Alexandrov, Grigori 353 Arp, Hans 58 Algeciras Conference 184 Arrivée d’un train à La Ciotat 160 Alliance for Women’s Suffrage Arrow Cross (Nyilas) 462 (Germany) 40 COPYRIGHTEDart nouveau MATERIAL 51 Alltagsgeschichte 457 Asquith, Herbert H. 169, 203, 207 Alsace-Lorraine 175, 181, 230–1, 237, Association de Mariage Chrétien 94 240, 273, 328, 332, 417, 457 Attlee, Clement 398 Amsterdam 73, 177, 466, 496 Aubrac, Lucie 467 anarchism 59, 70, 92, 135, 140, 146, 175, Auchinleck, Field Marshal Sir Claude 449 317, 385–6 Auclert, Hubertine 38 Anderson, Hans Niels 237 Augspurg, Anita 42 Anderson, M. S. 137 Auschwitz 479, 495, 498, 501 Anderson, Sir John 460 authoritarianism 127, 310–11, 313–14, Anglo-German naval agreement 409 316–23, 375, 377, 382, 386 540 index avant garde 7, 50, 52, 54, 56–65, 70, 346 Olympic games 73, 410 Azaña, Manuel 377, 382, 386–7 and sexuality 83, 86, 88–9 urban development of 6, 8 Baader, Joannes 59 and working class 172 Babi Yar (Kuznezov) 499 and WWI 205–7, 209, 235, 239, 253–4 bacteriology 22, 88 and WWII 430–1, 477, 479 Baden-Powell, Robert 69–70 Bernhardt, Sarah 160 Baker, Josephine 60, 343, 346, 352, 358 Bernstein, Eduard 172–3 Baldwin, Peter 17, 83 Best, Nellie 42 Baldwin, Stanley 329, 397, 427 Bethe, Hans 29 Balfour, Arthur 177 Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von 184, Ball, Hugo 58 187–9, 202, 206, 229–30, 236–7 Ballets Russes 159 Beveridge Report 460 Barbie, Klaus 496 Białystok 479–80 Barbusse, Henri 63, 283 Biennio Rosso 285, 378 Barcelona 110, 386 Binet, Alfred 86 Barnett, Corelli 460 Birkenau 479 Barney, Natalie 87 Bismarck, Otto von 9–10, 120, 125, 171– Barrès, Maurice 68 3, 175, 179, 181, 192, 264, 333 Bateau Lavoir 157 Blast 155, 159 Battle of Britain 394, 430 Blaue Reiter (Blue Riders) 55 Battle of the Atlantic 401–2 Blitzkrieg xxv, 394, 458–9 Battle of the Somme, The 161 Bloch, Marc 382, 388 Battleship Potemkin (Eisenstein) 60 Blomberg, General Werner von 410 Bauer, Otto 251 Bło´nski, Jan 498 Bauhaus 62, 346 Bloody Sunday (Russia) 167, 244, 246 Bauman, Zygmunt 484 Blum, Léon 381–4, 388–9, 426, 429 Bechet, Sidney 346 Blunden, Edmund 224 Beck, Colonel Josef 413–14 Bock, Gisela 43, 367 Becker, Jean-Jacques 207–8 Boer War 11, 119, 126, 145, 309 Beckett, Ian 211, 458 Bohemia 99, 174, 230, 249, 312, 457 Belgium 103–4 Bohr, Niels 20–1, 29, 54 1914 invasion and occupation of 189, Bolsheviks 92, 108, 139, 306, 334, 426, 199, 203, 207, 209, 214, 234 432, 452 1940 invasion and occupation of 429, and modernism 58–9, 62 457–8, 462, 466, 479, 482, 489 and revolution 45, 59–60, 202, 235, Congo 127 239, 244, 246–7, 251–2, 292–303 Entente aims in 231, 237, 239–40 Bomber Command 399–400 German aims in 228–9, 231, 237 Bonnet, Georges 428 memories of WWII and Bonsal, Stephen 262 Holocaust 495–6 Booth, Charles 8–9 reparations for 272–3 Bosnia-Herzegovina 174, 184–5, 187, 230 . Bełzec 479 Bosnian annexation crisis 184–5 Benedict XV, Pope 233 Bourbon Prince Sixtus de 238 Beneˇs, Eduard 328 Boy’s Friend 199 Bennett, Rab 468 Boyle, Nina 46 Berlin 16, 197, 348, 380, 426, 428 Brand, Adolf 86 memories of WWII and Holocaust 492, Brandt, Willy 491, 496 501 Braque, Georges 56, 156–7, 162 and modernism 53, 57, 59, 61–2, 346 Bratislava 481 and Nazism 286, 344 Braybon, Gail 41 index 541

Brecht, Bertolt 50, 59 Canning, Kathleen 141 Bremen 253, 363, 370 Caporetto, Battle of 220, 235, 239 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of 239, 292 carnet anthropometrique 15 Breton, André 60–1, 63 Carnet B 203 Bretton Woods Conference 106 Carol II, King 318 Briand, Aristide 231, 333 Carpenter, Edward 86 Brion, Hélène 42 Carr, E. H. 334 British Broadcasting Corporation Carson, Edward 170 (BBC) 431, 465–6, 498 cartel des gauches 282 British Expeditionary Force (BEF) 208, Casement, Roger 235 219, 221–2, 225 Casti Connubii 92 British Legion 283 Catholic Center Party (Germany) 142–3, British Society for the Study of Sexual 256 Psychology 88 Catt, Carrie Chapman 46 British Union of Fascists (BUF) 322 Caucasus 234, 301, 433–4 Brittain, Vera 72, 329 Cavell, Edith 41 Broadway Melody 353 Cecil, Lord Robert 269–70 Broken Blossom 347 Cˇetniks 465 Brooke, Rupert 71, 204 Cezanne, Paul 156–8 Brown, Dr. Felix 398 Chamberlain, Austen 332, 339 Brown, Ford Madox 152 Chamberlain, Neville 335–6, 407, 412–14, Brown-Sequard, Charles E. 87 416, 420, 422, 427–9, 433 Brüning, Heinrich 380 Chandler, Alfred 110–12, 115 Brusilov, General Aleksei 235 Chaplain, Charlie 347 Brussels 89, 177, 496 Chełmno 479 Buchenwald 15, 479, 492 Chevalier, Maurice 344–5, 464 Budapest 53, 57, 83, 174, 251, 330, 481 Chicago School 7 Bulgaria Christian Socialist Party (Austria) 251, 380 and Balkan wars 99, 186 Christian X, King 237 between the wars 292, 309, 311, Churchill, Winston 128, 398, 426–37, 329–30 440, 456, 459, 498 and peace settlement of 1919 267, 274 Clair, René 348, 353 and WWI 230, 234–5, 240 Clemenceau, Georges 175–6, 263–7, 272, and WWII 435–6, 457, 479, 483 328 Bullock, Alan 161 Cline, Catherine 329 Bülow, Count Bernhard von 172, 183 Cocteau, Jean 346 Bund Deutscher Mädel 77 Codreanu, Corneliu 318 Bund für Mutterschutz 91 Colin, Paul 60 Burgfrieden 138, 201–2 collectivization 62, 300–1, 307, 353, 459, Burleigh, Michael 457, 463 463 Butler, Josephine 85 Colley, Linda 129 Cologne 62, 110, 332 Cabaret Voltaire 58–9 Combat 466 Cabiria 160 Comintern 292, 294, 306, 330, 378–83, Cadorna, General Luigi 220 386, 388–90, 418 Cain, P. J. 121 Communist Party (France – PCF) 381, Calder, Angus 460 383–4, 388 Calligrammes 57 Communist Party (Germany – KPD) 314, Cameroons 232 365, 370–1, 375, 380 Campbell, John 456 Communist Party (Italy – PCI) 378–9, Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 169 494–5 542 index

Communist Party (Spain – PCE) 386–7 creation of xxiv, 99, 249–51, 269, 274, Comrades of the Great War 283 312 Concerning the Spiritual in Art (Matisse) 55 D’Annunzio, Gabriel 70, 314 Confederación Española de Derechas D’Haussonville, Othenin 8 Autónomas (CEDA) 385–7, 390 Dachau 479, 502 Confédération Générale du Travail dada 50–1, 58–62, 65 (CGT) 202, 383 Dahl, Hans Fredrik 463 Congress Dances 353 Dahrendorf, Ralf 366 Congress of Oppressed Peoples 249 Daily Mirror 207 Conrad von Hötzendorf, General Daily Telegraph 237, 460 Franz 187, 191, 248 Daladier, Edouard 382, 388 Conrad, Joseph 152–3 Dalí, Salvadore 29, 61 Conservative Party (Britain) 125, 168–71, Danzig 266, 269, 271, 273, 413–15, 420, 176, 282–3, 434 457 Constantinople 99, 184, 232, 234–5, Darwin, Charles 10, 22, 51, 53, 162 238 Darwinism 18, 22, 191, 198 constructivism 50–1, 58, 60–2 Davidson, Roger 83 Contagious Diseases Act (Britain) 85 Davis, Norman 272 contraception 45–6, 84, 88, 91–4, 367 Davison, Emily 170 Coolidge, Calvin 273 Dawes Plan 331 Copenhagen 21, 88, 110, 481 D-Day 400, 446, 460, 498 Cormouls-Houlès, Édouard 10 de Gaulle, Charles 393, 430, 436, 466–7, Coubertin, Baron Pierre de 73 496 Coulondre, Robert 427 . Debrecen 481 Council for Aid to Jews (Zegota) 482 Degrelle, Léon 462 Council of Five 266 DeGroot, Gerard 203 Council of Four 266–7 Deist, Wilhelm 253, 257 Council of Ten 265–7 Denmark 3, 12, 108 Cowman, Krista 39 feminist movement in 38, 43, 46 Craiglockhart Hospital 218 and WWI 229–30, 237 Crete 431 and WWII 16, 429, 457, 465, 479, criminology 14–15 481, 483, 495, 501 Crisis of European Sciences, The Depression 101, 104, 106, 110, 121, 281, (Husserl) 31 303, 448 critical theory 29 Nazism, fascism and 75, 321–2, 334, Croix de Feu 284 359–61, 369, 380 cubism 51, 53, 56–7, 60, 63, 155–9 Der Eigen 86 Cunliffe, Lord 273 Derby, Lord 283 Cunningham, Valentine 376 Dernburg, Bernhard 126 Curie, Marie 24, 29 Dessau 62 Curtius, Julius 334 Deutscher Textilarbeiterverband 141 Curzon, Lord Nathaniel 127 Diaghilev, Serge 159 Czech National Committee 250 Dialectic of Enlightenment (Adorno) 31 Czech National Council 249 Diary of a Young Girl (Frank) 491 Czechoslovak-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Dickens, Charles 152 Assistance 411 Die Grosse Politik der Europäischen Czechoslovakia xix, 43, 310 Kabinette, 1871–1914 331 between the wars 332, 335, 380, 388, Dietrich, Otto 77 407–8, 410–13, 415, 417, 419, 426–7, Dimitrov, Georgi 382 476, 487 Disarmament Conference 333 index 543

Dix, Otto 59 Fabian Society 127, 159 Dobson, Sean 252 Fairbanks, Douglas 347 Dolchstoss 285 Faisceau 317 Doolittle, Hilda (H. D.) 154–5 Falange Española 81, 322 Doriot, Jacques 322, 462 Falkenhayn, General Erich von 235–6 Douhet, Guilio 398 Farm Inheritance Law (Germany) 361 Dovzhenko, Aleksandr 348 Farr, Harry 219 Dreadnought 169, 182, 400 Farrar, Lancelot L. 188 Dresden 62, 493 Fascio di Combattimento (Combat Dreyfus affair 54, 175, 177 Group) 315 Drieu la Rochelle, Pierre 61 Fatherland Party (Germany) 240 drôle de guerre (phoney war) 428–9 Fauves (Wild Beasts) 55 Dublin 235 Federated Union of Veterans (UF) 283–4 Duchamp, Marcel 60 Fein, Helen 483 Duchêne, Gabrielle 42 Feldman, Gerald 273 Dulles, John Foster 272 Ferdinand, Archduke Franz 146, 180, Dunaevsky, Isaak 353 187, 198, 203, 205, 248 Dunkirk 430 Ferguson, Niall 121–2, 199, 210–11, Durkheim, Emile 7, 13, 53 226–7, 235, 242 Ferro, Marc 208 Easter Rising 235 Ferry, Jules 125 Ebert, Friedrich 240, 254–5 Fiat (Fabbrica Italiana di Automobili Economic Consequences of the Peace, The Torino) 110 (Keynes) 267 Finland 12, 37, 41 Edison, Thomas 160 between the wars 305, 311, 314–15, Ego and Its Own, The (Stirner) 159 317–19, 322, 330 Egoist, The 155–6, 159, 162 creation of xxiv, 99, 167, 274 Ehrlich, Paul 28, 89 and WWI 239 Eichmann, Adolf 473 and WWII 429, 457, 479, 501 432, 451–2 Fire 160 Einstein, Albert 20–1, 23, 26, 29, 54 First Balkan War 186 Eisenstein, Sergei 50, 60, 62, 348 Fischer, Fritz 190, 194, 229, 242 El Alamein, Battle of 442, 451 Fiume 266, 314, 327 Eley, Geoff 145, 148, 502 Five-Year plans 5, 62, 301, 307–8, 418 Eliot, George 152 Flaubert, Gustave 152 Eliot, T. S. 50, 57, 158 Flex, Walter 71 Ellington, Duke 346 Flint, F. S. 154 Ellis, Havelock 84, 86 Flood, P. F. 207 Éluard, Paul 60 Foch, General Ferdinand 200, 263, 435 Endell, August 4 Foot, Michael 465 Enemy of the Stars, The (Lewis) 159 Ford, Ford Madox 7, 151, 153, 161, 163 Entartete Kunst 62 Ford, Henry 109–10 Entente Cordiale 183–4 Ford, Isabella 42 Ernst, Max 60 Ford Motor Company 109–10 Estonia xxiv, 99, 274, 297, 309, 311, 322, Fordism 109–10, 384, 462 458, 477, 501 Forel, Auguste 84 eugenics 4, 8, 11–12, 14, 18, 30–1, 73, Forward from (Spender) 377 92 Foucault, Michel 85 Eulenberg, Philip von 86 Four Year Plan (Germany) 365, 410, 458 Eupen-Malmédy 273, 457, 464 Fourteen Points 233, 239, 249, 253, 272, expressionism 51, 55, 57–8, 160 330 544 index

Franco, General Francisco 44, 309, 322, Girl Guides 69, 74 388, 494 Gish, Lillian 347 Franco-Czechoslovak alliance 411 Gold Rush, The 347 Franco-Soviet Pact of Mutual Goldhagen Daniel 492, 502 Assistance 411, 426 Good Soldier, The (Ford) 151–3, 158–9, Frank, Anne 491, 496 161, 163 Frankfurt 62 Goodbye to all that (Graves) 456 Frankfurt School 29, 31 Gorbachev, Mikhail 499 Franz Joseph, Emperor 173–5, 248–9 Göring, Hermann 362–3, 365, 399, 459, Freemasons 366, 368 479 Freewomen, The 155 Gort, General John 449 Freideutsche Jugend 69–70 Gotha bombers 396–8 Freikorps 59, 254, 315 Gramsci, Antonio 379 Fremdarbeiter 364 Graves, Robert 224, 329, 456 Frente Popular 387 Grayzel, Susan 41, 43 Freud, Sigmund 51, 53, 57, 84, 87, 150– Great Illusion, The (Angell) 200 4, 162, 164 Great Patriotic War 437, 448, 459, 499 Freymond, Jean 458 Great Train Robbery, The (Porter) 161 Fritsch, General Werner von 410 Greece Front Populaire 381–2, 384 and Balkan wars 99, 186 frontoviki 442 between the wars 274, 310–11, 320–2 Fry, Roger 156 and WWII 431, 436, 457, 461, 465–7, Fuller, J. F. C. 393 479, 482 functionalism 51 Grew, Joseph C. 233 futurism xxv, 7, 50–1, 60, 63, 65, 70, 76, Grey, Sir Edward 182, 189, 203, 237–8 80, 155, 157, 160 Gropius, Walter 50, 62 Futurism and Fascism (Marinetti) 61 Gross, Jan 498 Futurismo 61 Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 62 Grosz, Georges 59 Galicia 230, 245, 248–50 Guchkov, Alexander 168 Gallipoli 214, 219–21, 223–4, 227, 234 Guderian, General Heinz 394 Gamelin, General Maurice 417, 421 Guernica (Picasso) 63 Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri 157 Guesde, Jules 203 Gawthorpe, Mary 155 gypsies see Sinti and Roma Gay, Peter 136, 145 Geddes, Patrick 5 H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) 154–5 Geneva Convention 451–2 Haase, Hugo 202, 254 Genoa Conference 327 Haber, Fritz 26, 28 Gerard, James 206 Hahn, Otto 21 German Labor Front (DAF) 360–1, Haimson, Leopold 244 364–7 Halbwachs, Maurice, 488 German Nationalist Party (Austria) 251 Haldane mission 182 German Workers Party 318 Hale, Oron J. 136 Germany’s Aims in the First World War Halévy, Elie 277 (Fischer) 229 Halifax, Lord 410, 420 363, 365, 367–71, 466 Hall, Radclyffe 87 Giacometti, Augusto 58 Hamburg 253 Gide, André 63 Hankey, Sir Maurice 266 Gildea, Robert 138 Hanssen, Peter 206 Gilles (Drieu la Rochelle) 61 Hardie, Keir 150 Giovinezza 76 Hardy, Thomas 152 index 545

Harris, Sir Arthur 399 Horthy, Admiral Miklós 251, 315, 318– Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi 246 20, 462 Hausmann, Raoul 59 House, Colonel Edward M. 237–8, 266 Headlam-Morley, Sir James 262 Howard, Sir Esmé 264 Healey, Denis 441 Hubble, Edwin 23 Heartfi eld, John 59 Huelsenbeck, Richard 58–9 Heidegger, Martin 31 Hulme, T. E. 154 Heimat (Homeland – television miniseries) 491 before WWI 12, 42, 58 Heimwehr 314, 318, 322, 379–80 between the wars 136, 274, 292, 379, Heisenberg, Werner 19, 21, 29, 54 411–12 Hennings, Emmy 58 and peace settlement 266, 268 Henry James (Ford) 153 and revisionism 329–30, 335 Herzfelde, Wieland 59 and WWI 230, 232, 249–51 Heydrich, Reinhard 479 and WWII 435–6, 457, 462–3, 479, Heymann, Lida Gustava 42 481, 483, 487, 501 Himmler, Heinrich 479, 481 Hunger March of 1932 16 Hindenburg, General Paul von 234, 236, Husserl, Edmund 31 238, 239–40, 252 Huxley, Aldous 12 Hipper, Admiral Franz 253 Hirschfeld, Gerhard 463 Ideal Marriage (Van de Velde) 94 Hirschfeld, Magnus 84, 86, 88 Ilya Ehrenberg, Ilya 63 History of Sexuality, The (Foucault) 85 imagism 61, 154–6, 159, 162 Hitler, Adolf xix, xxiii, 110, 309–10, 322, Imperial War Museum 499 333, 356, 375, 378, 400, 443 impressionism 51, 54–5, 57, 152–3, 156, coming to power 286, 318, 359, 380 164 and expansionism 76, 99, 229, 269, Independent Committee for a German 274, 335–7, 369, 383–4, 387–8 Peace 229, 240 and Holocaust 473, 475–6, 478, 491–4 Independent Labour Party (ILP) 40, 42 and origins of WWII xxvii, 407–20 Independent Social Democratic Party policies in power 26, 77, 360–1, 364–7, (USPD) 253–5 447, 450 Innes, Christopher 158 and USSR 304–5, 382, 394, 425–8, Integralismo Lusitano 311, 318–19 430–4 Intermediate Sex, The (Carpenter) 86 and WWII 400, 428–34, 437, 448, 450, International Alliance of Women 46 452, 457–8, 462–3 International Brigades 306, 309 Hitler Youth 77–8, 81, 365, 447 International Conference for Sexual Reform Hitler’s Willing Executioners on the Basis of Sexual Science 88 (Goldhagen) 493 International Proletarian Women’s Day 38 Hobsbawm, E. J. 136–7, 144–5, 148, 456 International Woman Suffrage Alliance Hollywood 347–8, 353, 355 (IWSA) 40, 42, 46 Holocaust (television miniseries) 491 International Women’s Day 246 Holstein, Freidrich von 184 International Writers Congress for the Holton, Sandra 39, 43 Defense of Culture 63 Holtzendorff, Admiral Henning von 229 Internationale Gesellschaft für Homage to Catalonia (Orwell) 309 Sexualfortschung (INGESE) 88 Home Army (Poland) 497 Interpol 3 Home Rule (Irish) 169–70 Interpretation of Dreams, The (Freud) 51, homosexuality 85–8, 368, 461, 473 161 Hopkins, A. G. 121 Ireland 41, 43–4, 83, 103–4, 169–70, Horkheimer, Max 29–31 175, 236, 310, 485 546 index

Iron Guard 318, 462 Kershaw, Ian 324, 374, 408 Iron Wolf movement 317 Key, Ellen 84 Istituto nazionale per la storia del movimento Keynes, John Maynard 262, 267, 328–9, di liberazione in Italia 457 360 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 285, 378 Keynesianism 104, 359–60, 366 Izvolsky, Alexei 185 Khruschev, Nikita 499 Kiaochow 230 Jackson, Julian 464 Kiel 240, 254 Jacob’s Room (Woolf) 156 Kiev 434 Jacobs, Aletta 42, 91 Kindleberger, Charles P. 105, 116, 291 James, Henry 152–3, 161 Klee, Paul 55, 62 James, William 57 Klemperer, Victor 493 Jameson Raid 182 Knaus, Hermann 91–3 Janco, Marcel 58–9 Kohl, Helmut 491 Jaurès, Jean 146, 177, 202–4 Koonz, Claudia 367 Jazz Singer, The 353 korenizatsiia 299, 305 Jedwabne 478, 498 Korneuberg Oath 322 Jehovah’s Witnesses 366, 368, 473 Kotkin, Stephen 304 Jervis, Richard 14 Krafft-Ebing, Richard von 84, 86 Jeunesses Patriotes (Patriot Youth) 318 Kraków 479, 482 Johnson, Eric 13 Krebs, Hans 26 Joliot-Curie, Irène 24 Kreisky, Chancellor Bruno 493 Jolly Fellows (Dunaevsky and Krenek, Ernst 346 Alexandrov) 353 Kriegsgefahrzustand 206 Jones, Peter 155 Kriegsschuldreferat (War Guilt Jonny spielt auf (Krenek) 346 Section) 331 Journal 207 476, 491 Joyce, James 50, 57, 156 Kroener, Bernard 464 Joyce, Patrick 140 Kühlmann, Richard 239 Joyful Wisdom, The (Nietzsche) 162 kulaks 300–2, 304 Judt, Tony 466 Kun, Béla 251, 315 Jung, Carl G. 87 Kursk 434 Jünger, Ernst 214, 216, 222, 224–5, 227, Kuznets, Simon 100, 114 288 Kuznezov, Anatoly 499 Jus Suffragii 40 Jutland, Battle of 236 L’Assistance par le Travail 10 L’Esprit nouveau 62 Kadets (Constitutional Democrats) 168 L’Humanité 202 Kafka, Franz 50, 57, 154 La Chasse à courre (Sachs) 458 Kandinsky, Wassily 50, 55–6, 62, 158, 346 La Guerre sociale 203 Kann, Robert 248 La Revue Nègre 60 Kapp Putsch 315 La Terrible Lección 90 Karl, Emperor 249–51 Labour Party (Britain) 10, 40, 140, 168– Katyn massacre 497 9, 177, 231 Kean, Hilda 39 Lacombe Lucien (Malle) 468 Kedward, Rod 461, 464–5, 467 Lamont, Thomas 271 Keegan, John 136, 233, 242, 401 Lancet 398 Keiger, John 188 Land Army 461 Kemal, Mustafa 268, 330 Landsknecht 442 Kennedy, Paul 124 Lang, Fritz 348 Kent, Susan Kingsley 44 Lansdowne, Lord 237 index 547

Lansing, Robert 265–6, 268, 270, 272 Lithuania xxiv, 99, 229, 239, 274, 297, Lanzmann, Claude 498 311, 317, 320, 427, 458, 477 Latvia xxiv, 99, 274, 297, 310–11, 322, Little Entente 330, 336, 411 458 Little Review 155 Laur, Francis 207 Littlejohn, David 464 Lausanne, Treaty of 267–8, 330 Litvinov, Maxim 418–19, 426–7, 429 Laval, Pierre 381, 426, 463 Living and the Dead, The (Simonov) 459 Lavisse, Ernest 207 Lloyd George, David 169, 176, 186, 231– Lawrence, D. H. 152 3, 239, 261, 263, 265–7, 269, 272–3, Le Corbusier (Charles Édouard Jeannert- 327–9 Gris) 50, 62 Locarno treaties 331–5 . Le Figaro 57, 200, 203 Łódz 480 Le Matin 207 Lombroso, Cesare 84 Le Million 353 London 16, 61, 83, 86, 88, 105–6, 121, Le Populaire 381 170, 501 Le Tumulte noir 60 and urbanization 4–7, 53, 57 League of German Maidens 365, 368 and WWI 209, 398 League of Health and Beauty 74 and WWII 396, 398–9, 461, 496–8 League of Nations xxiv, 26, 273, 311, London Metropolitan Police 4 327, 329, 393 Lotothetopoulos, Constantine 457 Covenant of 268–70, 333 Lubitsch, Ernst 348 creation of 198, 233, 267, 269–71 Lublin 436, 476, 479 and Danzig 269, 413 Ludendorff, General Erich von 236, 238– Germany and 332–5, 408–9 40, 252–3 mandates system 123, 128, 274 Ludlow-Hewitt, Sir Edgar 399 USSR and 304, 381, 418 Luftwaffe 394, 398–400 Lebensraum 426 Lugard, Lord Frederick 128 Légion des Volontaires contre le Lumiere brothers 160 Bolschevisme 463 Lunarcharsky, Anatoly 59 Leipzig 70, 206, 239 Lusitania 236 Lemkin, Raphael 474 Luxembourg 189, 229, 429, 458, 479 Lend-Lease 431–2, 434, 437, 460 Luxemburg, Rosa 8, 42, 172, 237, 254 Lenin, Vladimir 60, 62, 177, 235, 247, Lyautey, Marshal 128 251, 296, 298, 301, 330, 337 Leningrad 235, 298, 432, 435, 499 MacDonald, J. Ramsay 329 Lentin, Antony 276, 336, 339 Mackenzie, John M. 130 Leopold II, King 127 Macleod, Glen 156–7 Leopold III, King 495–6 McMahon, Sir Henry 232 Les Avariés (Brieux) 89 MacMillan, Margaret 261–2 Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon (Picasso) 56, Maddison, Angus 100–2, 116 157 Madrid 322, 377, 386 Leutnant Gustl (Schnitzler) 154 Maginot Line 333, 336, 393, 417 Levi, Primo 491 Magritte, René 61 Lewis, Wyndham 152–3, 156–7, 159 Mahan, Alfred Thayer 400 Libération 482 Majdanek 479 Liddell Hart, Sir Basil 393, 398 Majority Social Democratic Party Liebknecht, Karl 172, 237, 254 (MSPD) 254–5 Life and Labour of the People in London Malle, Louis 468 (Booth) 8 Malraux, André 63 Life with a Star (Weil) 468 Man Equals Man (Brecht) 59 Lindbergh, Charles 351 Man with a Movie Camera (Vertov) 60 548 index

Manchester Evening News 73 Moroccan crisis (1905–6) 126, 183–5 Manchester Guardian 208 Morton, Frederic 136 Manchuria 126, 230, 334, 381 Moscow Manhattan Project 29, 400 between the wars 298–9, 303 Manifesto of Surrealism (Breton) 61 and Bolshevik revolution 245, 251, 292 Mann, Thomas 50, 57 urbanization 4–6, 167 Mansion House speech 186 and WWII 432–3, 436–7, 497, 499 Mantoux, Paul 266 Moscow Declaration 493 maquis 467 Mosley, Sir Oswald 322 Maranon, Gregario 84 Mother (Pudovkin) 60 Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso 7, 50, 57–8, Moulin, Jean 467 61, 63, 70, 77 Movimento Sociale Italiano 494 Married Love (Stopes) 94 Mrs Dalloway (Woolf) 156 Marsden, Dora 155, 159, 162 Munich 58, 62, 143, 266 Marshall, Peter 140 Munich agreement 76, 335–6, 388, 398, Masson, André 61 412–15, 417, 419, 427 Masterman, C. F. G. 1, 7, 11 Murnau, F. W. 348 Matignon agreement 384 Murray, Joseph 221–2, 224 Matisse, Henri 50, 55, 156 Mussert, Anton 462 Max von Baden, Prince 253–4 Mussolini, Benito xxvii, 137, 314, 320–2, Mayakovsky, Vladimir 50, 58, 60, 62 356, 466 Mayhall, Laura Nym 39 coming to power xxiii, 76, 285, 315 Maze, Paul 224 foreign policy of 335–6, 380, 383–4, Mein Kampf (Hitler) 407–8, 425–6, 475 387–8, 411, 413, 466, 493–5 Meinecke, Friedrich 204 and futurism 58, 61, 63, 77 Meitner, Lise 21, 26 policies in power 11, 77, 104, 316–17, Memel 273, 427, 464 354, 378 Mendel, Gregor 22 Myers, Charles 217 Mensheviks 244 Mensinga, Wilhelm 91 Nasjonal Samling 462 Merton, Robert 13 National Council for Combatting Venereal Metamorphosis (Kafka) 57 Disease 90 Metaxas, General Ioannis 322 National Council of Women (Britain) 46 Michel, Henri 457, 464 National Federation of Discharged and Milan 465 Demobilized Sailors and Soldiers 283 Milhailovi´c, Draza 465 National Socialist Women’s Milhaud, Darius 346 Organization 364–5, 367 Miliukov, Pavel 244 National Socialistische Beweging 462 Millerand, Alexandre 177 National Union of Societies for Equal Milorg 467 Citizenship 44 Milward, Alan 458 National Union of Veterans (UNC) 284 Moll, Albert 88 National Union of Women’s Suffrage Molotov, V. V. 427–31, 436, 440 Societies (NUWSS) 37–8, 42, 44 Mommsen, Wolfgang 179, 255, 258, 409 National Law (Germany) 286 Montenegro 186, 230–1, 240 naturalism 51, 152 Montgomery, General Bernard 394 Nazi Party (NSDAP) 106, 318, 322, 359, Moore, Barrington 139 361, 365, 370, 380 Moravia 99, 174, 249, 457 Nazi-Soviet Pact 388, 458–9, 466 Morgan, Robert P. 160 Nedi´c, Milan 457 Morgan, Thomas Hunt 22 neo-Malthusianism 84–5, 91–2 Morley-Minto reforms 127 Netherlands 43, 83, 90 index 549

and WWI 229, 240 Pankhurst, Christabel 37, 39 and WWII 458, 465, 479, 482, 495–6 Pankhurst, Emmeline 37, 150 Neue Sachlichkeit 59 Pankhurst, Sylvia 42 Neuilly, Treaty of 267 Panther 185 Neumann, Sigmund 75–6 Papon, Maurice 497 New Economic Policy (NEP) 60, 62, 293, Parade 57 298–301, 303 Paris 73, 110, 176, 197 New Freewoman, The 155 between the wars 83, 87, 343, 381, 383 New Survey of London Life and Labour and modernism 60–1, 63, 158 1930–1935 (Smith) 8 and urbanization 5–6, 8, 16, 18, 24, Nicholas II, Tsar 166–7, 179, 198, 231, 53–5, 57–8 238, 244, 246 and WWI 209, 234, 240, 249 Nicolson, Harold 262, 264, 274 Paris Commune 54, 135, 148, 176, 383 Nietzsche, Friedrich 51, 53, 67, 159, 162 Paris or the Future of War (Liddell and Fog (Resnais) 490 Hart) 398 Night of the Long Knives 361 Paris Peace Conference 261–8, 271, 274, Nijinsky, Vaclav 159 279, 327–8, 336, 407–8 Nikolaevich, Grand Duke Nikolai 234 Parks, Robert 7, 13 NKVD 450 Parliament Act (1911) 169 No Man’s Land 215, 218, 222–5 Parti Populaire Français (PPF) 322, 462 Normandy (invasion and campaign) 400, Pasternak, Boris 63 434–5, 437, 442, 445, 498 Patton, General George 449 North Africa 184, 431, 433–4, 449 Paul, Leslie 74 Norway 3, 41, 45, 103, 429, 457, 459, Paveli´c, Ante 457 462–3, 466–7, 470, 479, 487 Paxton, Robert O. 462, 496 Notes of a Painter (Matisse) 55 Peacemaking 1919 264 473, 490 Pearl Harbor 394, 432, 487 Pelletier, Madeleine 38 O’Neil, Eugene 159 People’s Guard 251 Octobrist party 168 Péret, Benjamin 60 Offen, Karen 46 Pétain, Marshal 457, 462, 464, 496 Ogino, Kyusake 91–3 Peter, Friedrich 493 Oosterhuis, Harry 86 Petrograd 230, 235, 238–9, 245–7 Operation Barbarossa 431, 446, 452, 463 Picabia, Francis 60 Operation Overlord 434 Picasso, Pablo 50–1, 56, 60, 62–3, 156–8, Operation Sea Lion 430 162 Operation Torch 433 Piłsudski, General Josef 320 Ophüls, Marcel 496 Pirandello, Luigi 50 Origin of Species, The (Darwin) 22 Piscator, Edwin 59 Orlando, Vittorio 266–7 Pius XII, Pope 466 Ortega y Gasset, José 377 Planck, Max 20–1 Orwell, George 309–10, 321, 323 Pleve, Vyacheslav 168 Ossietzky, Carl von 26 Poetry Review 155 Osterhammel, Jürgen 121 Poincaré, Raymond 188, 200, 202–3, Overy, Richard 458–9 263–4, 331 Owen, Wilfrid 329 Poland between the wars 267, 305, 311, 314– pacifi sm 46, 383 15, 320, 327, 330, 332–6 Pact of London 237 and coming of WWII 408–9, 411–17, Pangalos, Theodore 320 419–20, 426–8 Pan-German League 125, 229 creation of xxiv, 99, 240, 269, 274, 311 550 index

Poland (cont’d) Reagan, Ronald 491 and Holocaust 476, 478–83 Rebelión de las masas (Ortega y and memories of WWII and Gasset) 377 Holocaust 486, 489, 491, 497–9 Red Army 251, 283, 294, 298, 414, 420, and WWI 228, 230, 237, 239–40, 427–38, 440, 442, 446, 448, 458 249–50 Reddy, William 140 and WWII xix, 369, 388, 394, 434, Reich, Wilhelm 87 436–7, 451, 457–8, 462, 464–6, Reinsurance Treaty 181 474 relativity (theory of) 20–1, 29 Poliakov, Leon 491 Renner, Karl 251 Polish Corridor 266, 273, 333–4, 457 Renoir, Jean 348 Polish-Ukrainian war 250 Reparations 267, 271–4, 328, 331–2, 335, Political Combat Leagues 286–7 337, 436–7 Poole, Eric 219 Repas de bébé (Lumieres) 160 Popp, Adelheid 40 Representation of the People Act Porter, Edwin S. 160 (1918) 43 Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A Republican Association of War Veterans (Joyce) 156 (ARAC) 283 84, 125, 136, 311–13, 319–22, Republican Left (Izquierda 457 Republicana) 386 Posen 230, 273 Revue d’économie politique 8 Post, Ken 138 Revue des deux mondes 8 Potsdam 437 Rhineland 230–1, 266–7, 269, 273, 332, Pound, Ezra 57, 61, 154–5, 157–8 334–5, 337, 384, 409, 422, 426 Poznan 413 Rhondda, Lady 44 Prague 53, 57, 250, 414, 476 Ribbentrop, Joachim von 410, 419, 428, Presser, Jacques 496 431 primitivism 58, 159 Ribot, Alexandre 231 Primo de Rivera, José Antonio 322 Richardson, Dorothy 162 Primo de Rivera, Miguel 320, 323 Richet, Charles 12 Prinz, Michael 360–1, 366 Riefenstahl, Leni 62 Problem in Greek Ethics, A (Symonds) 86 Riezler, Kurt 206 prostitution 13, 31, 68, 84–5, 87, 90, 93, Riley, Denise 36 95, 271, 368 Rise of Modern Europe 136 Proust, Marcel 153 Rite of Spring (Stravinsky) 159–60 psychoanalysis 87, 95, 152–3, 162 Rivers, W. H. R. 218–19 Psychopathia Sexualis (Krafft-Ebing) 86 Rodchenko, Alexander 60 Pudovkin, Vsevolod 60, 348 Romania and Balkan wars 99 quantum mechanics 20–1, 23, 26, 31 between the wars 311–12, 318, 321, Queen Elizabeth (Porter) 161 330, 335, 422, 426 Quisling, Vidkun 457, 462–4 and Holocaust 479, 481, 483, 501 and WWI 230–2, 235, 238, 240, 251 Radical Party (France) 381, 383–5, 387 and WWII 430, 435, 457, 462–3, Ragtime (Stravinsky) 346 477–8 Rallis, Ioannis 457 Romanian Legion 317–18 Rapallo, Treaty of 327, 340 Rome 76, 249, 255 Rassemblement Populaire 382–3 Rome-Berlin Axis 384, 493 Rassenhygien 12 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 104, 426, 430–4, Rathbone, Eleanor 44 436, 498 Ravensbrück 492 Rosenberg, Arthur 255 index 551

Rosenberg, Harold 50 Scouting movement 69, 74–5, 81, 130 Rotterdam 6, 496 Second Balkan War 186 Rousso, Henry 489, 503 Second International 40, 135, 177 Rowntree, Seebohm 8–9 Seekt, General Hans von 394 Royal Air Force (Britain – RAF) 397–8, self-determination 228, 246, 261, 267–8, 400, 402, 430 311–12 Royal Flying Corps 397 Service for the Victory of Poland 465 Royal Navy (Britain) 201, 236, 263, 400 Sèvres, Treaty of 268, 330 Royden, Maude 42 Sewell, Jr., William H. 140 Ruhr Occupation 328, 331, 333 Sex and Character (Weininger) 86 Ruling Passions (Driberg) 461 Sexual Inversion (Ellis and Symonds) 86 Rumbold, Horace 174 Seyss-Inquart, Arthur 411 Runciman, Lord 412 Shaw, George Bernard 159 Russo-Japanese War 126, 145–6, 183, Sheik, The 347 198, 202, 244 shell shock 214, 216–17, 219, 225, 227, Russo-Polish war 436 280 Russolo, Luigi 160 Shirer, William 491 sho’ah 474–5 Saar 231–2, 266, 269, 271, 273, 369–70, Shoah (documentary fi lm) 498 409 Sicard, Henri 11 Sachs, Maurice 458 Sikorski, General Wladyslaw 465 Sachsenhausen 492 Silesia 230, 267, 269, 273, 413, 457 Saint Germain, Treaty of 267 Silorg 467 Salazar, Antonio 322 Simmel, Georg 7, 53 Salmon, André 157 Simon, Sir John 398 Sarajevo 146, 187 Simonov, Konstantin 459 Sassoon, Siegfried 218, 329 Sinclair, May 155 Sauvy, Alfred 8 Sinti and Roma 15, 17, 366–7, 369, 432, Sazonov, Sergei 205, 230 473–4, 486, 488 Scapa Flow 263 Six Points Group 44 Schacht, Hjalmar 409 Sked, Alan 248 Scharnhorst 472 Slovak National Council 250 Scheer, Admiral von 236, 401 Slovakia 249, 457, 479, 481–2 Scheidemann, Philipp 240, 254 Smetona, Antanas 320 Schindler’s List (Spielberg) 492 Smith, Llewellyn 8 Schirach, Baldur von 78 Smolensk 301, 432 Schleswig-Holstein 206, 230, 273 Smuts, Jan 273 Schlieffen, General Alfred von 183 Smyrna 266 Schlieffen Plan 183, 198, 201, 203, 234 Sobibór 479 Schmidt, Helmut 491 Social Democratic Party (Austria – Schmidt-Sasse, Joachim 78 SDAP) 251, 380–1 Schnitzler, Arthur 154 Social Democratic Party (Germany – Schoenberg, Arnold 50, 56–7, 160 SPD) 137, 141, 143, 177, 314, 319, Schrödinger, Erwin 21 365, 369–70, 379–80, 408 Schuschnigg, Kurt von 411 and electoral politics 143, 172, 252 (SS) 365, 432, 438, 448, and foreign policy 139, 173, 201–2 451–2, 464, 489, 493 Social Democratic Party (Russia) 167, Schwimmer, Rosika 42 177, 240 Scott, Canon Frederick 224 Socialist Party (Spain – PSOE) 384–7, 390 Scott, Joan W. 141 Socialist Revolutionaries (Russia) 244 Scott, Masha 299 Sohn, Anne-Marie 94 552 index

Some Imagist Poets 1915 (Pound) 155 Sumner, Lord 273 Somme, Battle of the 161, 216, 219, 235 surrealism 50–1, 58, 61, 63, 65, 155, 346 Sorley, Charles 223 Sutherland, Edwin 14 Sorrow and the Pity, The (Ophüls) 496 Swanwick, Helena 42 Sortie d’usine (Lumieres) 160 Sweden 10, 12, 38, 43, 46, 90, 104, 313, Soupault, Philippe 60 457, 481, 501 South African War 11, 119, 126, 145, 309 Switzerland 43, 92, 103, 214, 239, 457, Spanish Civil War 63, 108, 306, 309, 384, 481, 485 387–8, 390, 419, 494 Sykes-Picot agreement 232 Spartacists 254 symbolism 51, 54, 65, 159 Special Operations Executive (SOE) 465 Symonds, John Addington 86 Speer, Albert 62, 459 syndicalism 135, 140, 202 Spender, Stephen 377 syphilis 28, 89–92 Spengler, Oswald 7 Szálasy, Ferenc 462 Spohn, Wilfrid 143 Szeged 318, 481 squadristi 76, 284–5 Szreter, Simon 84 St Petersburg 53, 57, 166–8, 191, 197, 209, 230 Tablet 203 Stakhanov, Andrei 304 Tanguy, Yves 61 Stakhanovites 304 Tannenberg, Battle of 234 Stalin, Josef 293, 363, 390 Tarr (Lewis) 156 foreign policy of 336, 378–9, 381–3, Taylor, A. J. P. 415, 429 407, 414, 418–19, 427–31 Taylorism 362–3 policies in power 62, 108, 298, 301–5, Teheran 434–5 394 Teller, Edward 29 and WWII 431–7, 446, 448, 450, 459, Temesvar, Banat of 269 466, 498–9 Teschen 413 Stalingrad 6, 433–4, 442, 450, 499 Testament of Youth (Brittain) 72 Steadman-Jones, Gareth 140 Thief of Bagdad, The 347 Stein, Gertrude 50, 57, 157–8 Thorez, Maurice 382, 384 Steinach, Eugen 88 Three from the Filling Station 353 Steiner, Zara 203 Three Lives (Stein) 158 Steinlauf, Michael 497–8, 503 Tickner, Lisa 38 Stekel, Wilhelm 87 Till, Geoffrey 400 Stepchildren of Nature (Oosterhuis) 86 Time of My Life, The (Healey) 441 Stevenson, David 232 Times, The 197, 203 Stirner, Max 159 Tirpitz, Admiral Alfred von 171–2, 182, Stockholm 26, 237, 500 197 Stolypin, Petr 167–8, 244 Tiso, Josef 457 Stone, Norman 136–7 Tisza, István 230 Stopes, Marie 84, 94–5 Tito, Josip 465–7, 482 Strasser, Gregor 77 To the Lighthouse (Woolf) 156 Stravinsky, Igor 50, 159–60, 346 Todt, Fritz 459 Stresemann, Gustav 331–4, 336–7 Togliatti, Palmiro 494 Studies in the Psychology of Sex (Ellis) 86 Togoland 232 Stürgkh, Count Karl von 249 Tolstoy, Leo 152 Sturmabteilung (SA) 77, 361, 371 Tour de France 352 Stuttgart 40, 62, 206 Touvier, Paul 497 Sudetenland 99, 269, 274, 411, 457, 464, Towards a New Architecture (Corbusier) 62 487 Treblinka 479 Summerfi eld, Penny 41 Trenchard, General Hugh 397 index 553

Trial, The (Kafka) 57, 154 Vilna 327 Trianon, Treaty of 268, 330 Vinen, Richard 461 Triple Alliance 181, 183 Viollet, Abbé 94–5 Trommler, Frank 66 Viviani, René 188 Trotsky, Leon 246 Volga, Volga (Dunaevsky and Truman, Harry S. 436–7 Alexandrov) 353 Tryol 269 Volkmann, Erich-Otto 253 Tsolakoglou, George 457 Volksgemeinschaft 201, 287, 359, 368 Tuchachevsky, Marshal 394 Volksstaat 205 Tuchman, Barbara 474 Voronoff, Serge 88 Tumarkin, Nina 499 vorticism 61, 155, 157 Turin 465 Vorwärts 205–6 Tyrrell, Sir William 182 Vranitzky, Franz 493 Tzara, Tristan 58–60 Waldheim, Kurt 493 U-boats 236, 400, 402 Wanderer zwischen beiden Welten Ukrainian National Council (Rada) 250 (Wurche) 71 Ulster 170 Wandervogel 69–71, 74, 81 Under Fire 283 479, 484 Union for Armed Struggle 465 War guilt (controversy and clause) 180, Union for Women’s Suffrage (France) 44 189–92, 194, 272, 329, 331 Union for Women’s Suffrage Warsaw 6, 331, 333, 336, 415, 435, 437, (Germany) 38, 40 458, 460, 465, 479, 482, 491, 497 Union sacrée 138, 203, 207 and Holocaust 458, 479, 482, 491, 497 United Nations 106, 271, 433, 436 and WWII 6, 435, 437, 460 US Army 441–2, 445–6, 449–51, 455 Warsaw uprising 465, 497 Usborne, Cornelie 94 Wealth of Nations 110–11 Ustasha 463 Weber, Max 7, 12, 53, 171 Utesov, Leonid 345 Wegs, J. Robert 142 Wehler, Hans-Ulrich 120 Valentino, Rudolph 347 Wehrmacht 394–5, 430–2, 434–5, 437, Valois, Georges 317 442–3, 445–6, 448, 451, 455, 464 van de Velde, Theodoor 84, 94 Wehrverbände (military associations) 286 van den Bruck, Moeller 68 Weil, Jìˇri 468 Van der Zee, Henri 461 Weil, Simone 461 Vansittart, Sir Robert 426–7 Weimar Republic 59, 62, 279, 335, 365, Vatican 93, 420, 498 375, 385, 447 VE-Day 487 policies of 9, 25, 44 venereal disease 39, 88–91, 94, 462 and revisionism 330–1, 337 Verdon, Nicola 142 weaknesses of 255, 286, 328–31, 379 Verdun, Battle of 234, 393, 442 Weininger, Otto 84, 86 Verein für Sozialpolitik 8 Weiße Rose (White Rose) 466 Verhey, Jeffrey 206 Wekerle, Sandor 250 Vertov, Dziga 50, 60 Well of Loneliness, The (Hall) 87 Vichy France 384, 430, 433, 457, 461–2, Weltpolitik 171, 181 464, 471, 479, 496, 503 West, Rebecca 155 Vienna 5, 30, 88, 475–6 Wheeler, Mark 463, 465 between the wars 380, 386 White, Ralph 466 and modernism 53, 57, 154 Whiteman, Paul 347 and WWI 197, 209, 238, 250–1 Wilde, Oscar 86 Vienna Circle 30 Wildenthal, Lora 131 554 index

Wilhelm I, Kaiser 181 Woolf, Virginia 50, 57, 150, 152, 156, Wilhelm II, Kaiser 171 162 abdication of 251, 253–4, 274, 279 Workers’ Alliance (Alianza Obrera) 386 foreign policy of 125, 181, 187–8, 197 World Economic Conference 106 and WWI 173, 206, 234 World League for Sexual Reform 88 Wilhelmshaven 240, 253–4 World Zionist Federation 232, 481, 497 Willet, John 61 Wurche, Ernst 71 Wilno 480 Wyneken, Gustav 70 Wilson, General Sir Henry 261 Wilson, Perry 466–7 Yalta 435–7, 440 Wilson, Woodrow Yeats, W. B. 52, 159, 162 and Fourteen Points 233, 239, 249–50, Yezhovshchina (Great Terror) 305 253, 272 Ypres 28, 442 and League of Nations 198, 233, Yugoslavia 269–70 between the wars 314, 320, 411–12, legacy of 312, 328, 337 426 and Paris Peace Conference 262–73 creation of 232, 274, 312 and WWI 234, 236–8, 240 and WWII xix, 435–6, 465–7, 479, 482 Winter, Jay 97, 262, 291 Winter War 429 Zagreb 250, 478 Wirth, Louis 7 Zeebrugge 228 Wise Parenthood (Stopes) 94 Zehr, Howard 13 Wissenschaftlich-humanitären Komitees 88 zepellins 396–7 Witte, Count Sergei 237 Zetkin, Clara 42, 237 Women’s Freedom League 39 Zimmerman, Arthur 238 Women’s International League (WIL) 42 Zimmerman Telegram 238 Women’s Social and Political Union Zinoviev, Grigori 378 (WSPU) 37–9, 150, 170 Zionism 74, 232 Women’s Suffrage League (Germany) 40 Zitelman, Rainer 360, 366 Women’s Voluntary Service 461 Zola, Emile 152 Woodcraft Folk 74 Zuckmayer, Carl 71 Wooding, Sam 346 Zurich 58–60