The Holocaust in Historical Perspective Yehuda Bauer
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Abba Kovner - Yitzchak Zuckerman - Two Approaches to the Jewish Exodus from Europe Shalom Cholawski
Abba Kovner - Yitzchak Zuckerman - Two Approaches to the Jewish Exodus from Europe Shalom Cholawski In December 1944, partisans from Vilna and Kovno met in Lublin. Those who arrived from the Soviet Union immediately began organizing the Bericha in motion. On January 20, 1945, a few days after the liberation of Warsaw, Yitzchak Zuckerman and Zivia Lubetkin, two of the commanders of the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt, arrived in Lublin and met with Kovner and his colleagues from the partisans. Kovner later recalled his meeting with Zuckerman: “His face, like mine, was drawn, haggard in the flame of a small candle, and the candle, standing on the low stool between us, flickered as though at the foot of a dead man. Only our shadows on the naked walls were long and mute.” Zuckerman and Kovner concurred that no Jewish community could be established in the graveyard that was now Poland. The only course was to press for Aliyah through every possible means. However, they disagreed as to the modus operandi. Yitzchak Zuckerman argued that the group of pioneer leaders must not abandon the remnant of Polish Jewry. It was the duty of the leadership to organize and bring them to Eretz Israel. The veteran leadership was no longer in existence, and it devolved on the younger people who had survived, the ghetto fighters and partisans, to create the organizational framework needed to remove the Jews from Poland. Zuckerman said the departure of the activists would be tantamount to desertion and therefore intolerable. Kovner said they must leave the detested soil of Europe at once, and in the course of leaving take their revenge on Nazis who were still walking about __________________________________________________________________________ מרכז המידע אודות השואה, יד ושם ביה"ס המרכזי להוראת השואה 1 freely. -
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945. -
Introduction: the Nation and the Spectral Wandering Jew
Notes Introduction: The Nation and the Spectral Wandering Jew 1. According to legend, Christ was driven from Ahasuerus's doorstep where he stopped to rest. In response to the jew's action of striking him while shouting, 'Walk faster!', Christ replied, 'I go, but you will walk until I come again!' (Anderson, Legend: 11). By way of this curse, Christ figuratively transferred his burdensome cross to the jew. 2. As Hyam Maccoby explains, 'One of the strongest beliefs of medieval Christians was that the Second Coming of Christ could not take place until the Jews were con verted to Christianity. (Marvell's "till the conversion of the jews" means simply "till the millennium".) The Jews, therefore, had to be preserved; otherwise the Second Coming could not take place' (239). According to Michael Ragussis, British conversionist societies justified their activities by claiming to 'aid in this divine plan, and with a kind of reverse logic their establishment was viewed as a sign of the proximity of the Second Coming' (Figures: 5). 3. Roger of Wendover's Flores historiarwn and Matthew Paris's Chrmzica majora from . the early thirteenth century provide all of the details of the legend, but the transgressor in their versions is Pilate's doorkeeper, a Roman named Cartaphilus, and not a Jew (Anderson, Legend 16-21). \Vhile in certain Italian versions of this tale the accursed wanderer is a Jew (19), he is not described as Jewish in the British legend until the early seventeenth century. The conjunction between the entry of this legend and Jews into England is in keeping with N.J. -
Yudkin on Porat, 'The Fall of a Sparrow: the Life and Times of Abba Kovner'
H-Judaic Yudkin on Porat, 'The Fall of a Sparrow: The Life and Times of Abba Kovner' Review published on Monday, May 3, 2010 Dina Porat. The Fall of a Sparrow: The Life and Times of Abba Kovner. Translated and edited by Elizabeth Yuval. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture Series. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. xxiv + 411 pp. $65.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8047-6248-9. Reviewed by Leon Yudkin (University College London)Published on H-Judaic (May, 2010) Commissioned by Jason Kalman A Leader Poet for the Nation We have here the first full account of the noted partisan and Hebrew poet Abba Kovner (1918-87) in an English version, translated from Hebrew by Elizabeth Yuval. Born in Sevastopol and raised in Vilna, Kovner became a leader of the partisan movement in the resistance to the Nazi invasion and conquest. The author, Dina Porat, who had only met her subject once briefly, shows some signs of hero worship. Her background account borders on hagiography, though sometimes she casts doubt on positions that Kovner adopted. Already in the preface, she praises him for the magnificence of his locks, for his beautiful Hebrew, for his sense of humor, and for the admiration that he managed to draw from all who came into contact with him. Porat opens with a description of Kovner's primary vision, namely, to provide a home for his homeless people following the devastation wrought by the Holocaust. That vision, for her, was matched by his natural gifts, leadership qualities, and intelligence. For the sake of convenience, she divides his life into four parts. -
The Significance of Dehumanization: Nazi Ideology and Its Psychological Consequences
Politics, Religion & Ideology ISSN: 2156-7689 (Print) 2156-7697 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ftmp21 The Significance of Dehumanization: Nazi Ideology and Its Psychological Consequences Johannes Steizinger To cite this article: Johannes Steizinger (2018): The Significance of Dehumanization: Nazi Ideology and Its Psychological Consequences, Politics, Religion & Ideology To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2018.1425144 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 24 Jan 2018. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ftmp21 POLITICS, RELIGION & IDEOLOGY, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2018.1425144 The Significance of Dehumanization: Nazi Ideology and Its Psychological Consequences Johannes Steizinger Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ABSTRACT Several authors have recently questioned whether dehumanization is a psychological prerequisite of mass violence. This paper argues that the significance of dehumanization in the context of National Socialism can be understood only if its ideological dimension is taken into account. The author concentrates on Alfred Rosenberg’s racist doctrine and shows that Nazi ideology can be read as a political anthropology that grounds both the belief in the German privilege and the dehumanization of the Jews. This anthropological framework combines biological, cultural and metaphysical aspects. Therefore, it cannot be reduced to biologism. This new reading of Nazi ideology supports three general conclusions: First, the author reveals a complex strategy of dehumanization which is not considered in the current psychological debate. -
Aftermath: Accounting for the Holocaust in the Czech Republic
Aftermath: Accounting for the Holocaust in the Czech Republic Krista Hegburg Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERISTY 2013 © 2013 Krista Hegburg All rights reserved Abstract Aftermath: Accounting for the Holocaust in the Czech Republic Krista Hegburg Reparations are often theorized in the vein of juridical accountability: victims of historical injustices call states to account for their suffering; states, in a gesture that marks a restoration of the rule of law, acknowledge and repair these wrongs via financial compensation. But as reparations projects intersect with a consolidation of liberalism that, in the postsocialist Czech Republic, increasingly hinges on a politics of recognition, reparations concomitantly interpellate minority subjects as such, instantiating their precarious inclusion into the body po litic in a way that vexes the both the historical justice and contemporary recognition reparatory projects seek. This dissertation analyzes claims made by Czech Romani Holocaust survivors in reparations programs, the social work apparatus through which they pursued their claims, and the often contradictory demands of the complex legal structures that have governed eligibility for reparations since the immediate aftermath of the war, and argues for an ethnographic examination of the forms of discrepant reciprocity and commensuration that underpin, and often foreclose, attempts to account for the Holocaust in contemporary Europe. Table of Contents Acknowledgments ii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 18 Recognitions Chapter 2 74 The Veracious Voice: Gypsiology, Historiography, and the Unknown Holocaust Chapter 3 121 Reparations Politics, Czech Style: Law, the Camp, Sovereignty Chapter 4 176 “The Law is Such as It Is” Conclusion 198 The Obligation to Receive Bibliography 202 Appendix I 221 i Acknowledgments I have acquired many debts over the course of researching and writing this dissertation. -
Hungarian Studies Review, Vol
Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 1 (Spring, 1996) Edmund Veesenmayer on Horthy and Hungary: An American Intelligence Report N.F. Dreisziger "As Minister to Hungary, Veesenmayer had something more than the normal duties of a Minister." (The Veesenmayer Interrogation Report, p. 21) "... it was a good thing if [Veesenmayer] did not always know everything that was going on (i.e. the Gestapo was doing) [in Hungary]." (SS leader Heinrich Himmler, cited ibid., p. 22) The role Edmund Veesenmayer played in twentieth century Hungarian history is almost without parallel. He was, to all intents and purposes, a Gauleiter, a kind of a modern satrap, in the country for the last year of the war. Hungary would have her share of quislings during the post-war communist era, but they would not be complete foreigners: the Matyas Rakosis, the Erno Geros, the Ferenc Mtinnichs, the Janos Kadars, and the Farkases (Mihaly and Vladimir) had connections to Hungary, however tenuous in some cases.1 Veesenmayer had no familial, ethnic or cultural ties to Hungary, he was simply an agent of a foreign power appointed to make sure that power's interests and wishes prevailed in the country. The closest parallel one finds to him in the post-war period is Marshal Klementy E. Voroshilov, the member of the Soviet leadership who was ap- pointed as head of the Allied Control Commission in Hungary at the end of the war. Though Voroshilov's position most resembled Veesenmayer's, it is doubtful whether the Soviet General was as often involved in meddling in Hungarian affairs as was the energetic German commissioner and his SS cohorts. -
The Jerusalem Report February 6, 2017 Wikipedia Wikipedia
Books A traitor in Budapest Rudolf Kasztner was not a hero but an unscrupulous Nazi collaborator, insists British historian Paul Bogdanor in his new book By Tibor Krausz REZSŐ KASZTNER was a much-maligned Was Kasztner, the de facto head of the Bogdanor’s book is a meticulously re- hero of the Holocaust. Or he was a villain- Zionist Aid and Rescue Committee in Bu- searched, cogently argued and at times ous Nazi collaborator. It depends who you dapest, eagerly liaising with Adolf Eich- riveting indictment of Kasztner, which ask and how you look at it. Over 70 years mann and his henchmen so as to save any is bound to reopen debate on the wartime after the end of World War II and almost 60 Hungarian Jews he could from deportation Zionist leader’s role in the destruction of years after his death, the Jewish-Hungarian and certain death in Auschwitz-Birkenau? Hungary’s Jewish community. Zionist leader remains a highly controver- Or was he doing so out of sheer self-inter- sial figure. est in order to make himself indispensable IN APRIL and May 1944, the author To his defenders, like Israeli histori- to the Nazis by helping send hundreds of demonstrates at length, Kasztner knew an Shoshana Ishoni-Barri and Hungar- thousands of other Jews blindly to their fate full well that the Nazis were busy deport- ian-born Canadian writer Anna Porter, through willful deception? ing Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz, where the author of “Kasztner’s Train” (2007), In his book “Kasztner’s Crime,” Brit- the gas chambers awaited them. -
When Victims Rule
1 24 JEWISH INFLUENCE IN THE MASS MEDIA, Part II In 1985 Laurence Tisch, Chairman of the Board of New York University, former President of the Greater New York United Jewish Appeal, an active supporter of Israel, and a man of many other roles, started buying stock in the CBStelevision network through his company, the Loews Corporation. The Tisch family, worth an estimated 4 billion dollars, has major interests in hotels, an insurance company, Bulova, movie theatres, and Loliards, the nation's fourth largest tobacco company (Kent, Newport, True cigarettes). Brother Andrew Tisch has served as a Vice-President for the UJA-Federation, and as a member of the United Jewish Appeal national youth leadership cabinet, the American Jewish Committee, and the American Israel Political Action Committee, among other Jewish organizations. By September of 1986 Tisch's company owned 25% of the stock of CBS and he became the company's president. And Tisch -- now the most powerful man at CBS -- had strong feelings about television, Jews, and Israel. The CBS news department began to live in fear of being compromised by their boss -- overtly, or, more likely, by intimidation towards self-censorship -- concerning these issues. "There have been rumors in New York for years," says J. J. Goldberg, "that Tisch took over CBS in 1986 at least partly out of a desire to do something about media bias against Israel." [GOLDBERG, p. 297] The powerful President of a major American television network dare not publicize his own active bias in favor of another country, of course. That would look bad, going against the grain of the democratic traditions, free speech, and a presumed "fair" mass media. -
State of Florida Resource Manual on Holocaust Education Grades
State of Florida Resource Manual on Holocaust Education Grades 7-8 A Study in Character Education A project of the Commissioner’s Task Force on Holocaust Education Authorization for reproduction is hereby granted to the state system of public education. No authorization is granted for distribution or reproduction outside the state system of public education without prior approval in writing. The views of this document do not necessarily represent those of the Florida Department of Education. 2 Table of Contents Introduction Definition of the Term Holocaust ............................................................ 7 Why Teach about the Holocaust............................................................. 8 The Question of Rationale.............................................................. 8 Florida’s Legislature/DOE Required Instruction.............................. 9 Required Instruction 1003.42, F.S.................................................. 9 Developing a Holocaust Unit .................................................................. 9 Interdisciplinary and Integrated Units ..................................................... 11 Suggested Topic Areas for a Course of Study on the Holocaust............ 11 Suggested Learning Activities ................................................................ 12 Eyewitnesses in Your Classroom ........................................................... 12 Discussion Points/Questions for Survivors ............................................. 13 Commonly Asked Questions by Students -
Turkey's Role in Romanian's Diplomatic Struggle (1St Of
Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD) Journal of History School (JOHS) Eylül 2013 September 2013 Yıl 6, Sayı XV, ss. 355-384. Year 6, Issue XV, pp. 355-384. DOI No: http://dx.doi.org/10.14225/Joh305 TURKEY’S ROLE IN ROMANIAN’S DIPLOMATIC STRUGGLE (1ST OF FEBRUARY 1943 - 23RD OF AUGUST 1944) Liliana Boscan ALTIN Ömer METİN Abstract The present study aimed to to focus on the intense diplomatic activity developed by Romania in efforts to negotiate an armistice with the Allies especially between September 1943 and August 1944. Romania which was joined into the Axis Countries upon executing an agreement with Germany would have felt the Soviet threat on its borders upon defeat of Germany in Stalingrad front. On the other hand, although Turkey had saved its neutral position from the beginning of the war, it had tried to support Romania, its ally in the Balkan Pact, in a political dimension in case the risk of Soviet expansion across the Balkans. As Turkey did not desire Romania to be partitioned, it played an active role in regard to making a fare cease-fire agreement between Romanian Government and the Allies. Starting the spring of 1943, the Romanian diplomacy, including here Ion Antonescu Marshal, the King and the opposition parties, engaging in consistent separate peace negotiations with the United Kingdom using the mediation of Turkey. The paper is based on unpublished documents found in the Romanian diplomatic and national archives. Key Words : Turkey, Romania, Second World War, Diplomacy. Romanya’nın Diplomasi Mücadelesinde Türkiye’nin Rolü (1 Şubat 1943 – 23 Ağustos 1944) Dr., The Romanian Association for Middle East Studies. -
I.G. Farben's Petro-Chemical Plant and Concentration Camp at Auschwitz Robert Simon Yavner Old Dominion University
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons History Theses & Dissertations History Summer 1984 I.G. Farben's Petro-Chemical Plant and Concentration Camp at Auschwitz Robert Simon Yavner Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds Part of the Economic History Commons, and the European History Commons Recommended Citation Yavner, Robert S.. "I.G. Farben's Petro-Chemical Plant and Concentration Camp at Auschwitz" (1984). Master of Arts (MA), thesis, History, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/7cqx-5d23 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds/27 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1.6. FARBEN'S PETRO-CHEMICAL PLANT AND CONCENTRATION CAMP AT AUSCHWITZ by Robert Simon Yavner B.A. May 1976, Gardner-Webb College A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HISTORY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 1984 Approved by: )arw±n Bostick (Director) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Robert Simon Yavner 1984 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT I.G. FARBEN’S PETRO-CHEMICAL PLANT AND CONCENTRATION CAMP AT AUSCHWITZ Robert Simon Yavner Old Dominion University, 1984 Director: Dr. Darwin Bostick This study examines the history of the petro chemical plant and concentration camp run by I.G.