Report on the Reconstruction of the Process of Civil Society Consultation for the Approach to the 12Th Five Year Plan
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Report On The Reconstruction of the Process of Civil Society Consultation for the Approach to the 12th Five Year Plan Voluntary Action Cell Planning Commission Government of India New Delhi April, 2015 Contents Item Page No. 1. Highlights 1-3 2. Background 4-7 3. The Worlds of the Voluntary Sector 8-10 4. The CS-Consultation Process 11-17 5. Way Forward 18 6. Annexures I. List of Officials/Non-Officials of Planning Commission and 19 External stakeholders consulted for reconstructing the process of CS-Consultation II. Process chart on CS-Consultations/ engagement in 12th Five 20-21 Year Plan III. Chronology of events 22-23 IV. List of CSOs and civil society representatives participated in 24-67 the CS-Consultations anchored by WNTA 1. Highlights 1. An extensive Civil Society-Consultation (CSC) to provide inputs for the Approach Paper to the 12th FY Plan was held involving large number of CSOs, as highlighted in the Approach Paper as well as in the 12th FY Plan Document. 2. Voluntary Action Cell has held extensive discussions with those who were reportedly actively involved in the process, namely, two Members of the Planning Commission; Principal Adviser, a couple of Advisers and a few other officials of the Planning Commission; Chairperson, Statistical Commission of India & the then Principal Adviser (PCMD), Planning Commission and also with some key ‘external’ stakeholders. 3. This report is an attempt to reconstruct the entire CSC process that was held under the aegis of the erstwhile Planning Commission as record for reference if any in future. The Report has been prepared After consulting several ‘external’ and ‘internal’ stakeholders who were involved in the “Civil Society (CS) - Consultation Process”. Salient features of the consultation process are: i. A list of 1,149 CS representatives who participated in the process prepared on the basis of on the inputs from human rights activists and social action groups Wada Na Todo Abhiyan (WNTA), Arghyam, and National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR) is at Annexure - IV. ii. Twelve core challenges were identified by the Planning Commission, based on 340 cell matrix discussed and documented by officers of the Commission. These challenges were discussed with the CS representatives to utilize their in-depth knowledge on the development issues. iii. WNTA, the lead NGO in this process, organized 15 consultations across the country during Sept-Dec 2010 to discuss the 12 identified challenges. 1 iv. Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, Members and some officials reportedly participated in different consultative meetings. v. WNTA, with support from United Nation Development Program (UNDP), submitted a report ‘Approaching Equity: Civil Society Inputs for the Approach Paper - 12th Five Year Plan’ vi. [http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/approaching equity civil society inputs for the approach paper 12th five- year plan.pdf] vii. After release of the draft Approach Paper for the 12th FY Plan, WNTA produced another publication ‘Equity Unaddressed – A Civil Society Response to the Draft Approach Paper 12th Five Year Plan’ viii. [http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/equity unaddressed a civil society response to the draft approach paper 12th five yearplan.pdf] ix. Before the above-referred exercise, CSOs were also engaged actively in the Mid Term Appraisal of the 11th FY Plan and came out with a People’s Mid Term Appraisal (PMTA) and produced two reports: i) Voices of the People and ii) A Review of Selected Sectors under the broad head ‘How inclusive is the Eleventh Five Year Plan. These reports are also available on the UNDP website. x. In order to maintain the autonomy of their inputs as well for bureaucratic ease, WNTA decided to approach organizations other than Planning Commission as there were fears that the Commission funding would usurp the autonomy of inputs and the freedom to critique. xi. The Approach Paper for the 12th FY Plan was approved in October 2011 followed by approval of 12th FY Plan Document by NDC in December 2012. Many inputs / suggestions from the CS-Consultations were referred to and 2 taken into consideration by Subject Matter Divisions, while finalizing the Approach Paper as well as the respective chapters of 12th FY Plan Document. xii. An important suggestion of the CSC process was for the Planning Commission to proactively engage the CSO networks to elicit grassroots inputs for the upcoming Mid Term Appraisal of the 12th FY Plan and institutionalize the process. *** 3 2. Background 1. The rationale behind undertaking the civil society consultation, as provided in the ‘Scenario: Shaping India’s Future’ is given below: The cabinet resolution of March 15, 1950 setting up the Indian Planning Commission says, “The work of the Planning Commission will affect decisively the future welfare of the people in every sphere of national life. Its success will depend on the extent to which it enlists the association and cooperation of people at all levels.” Planning in India was required to be a participative process, with inputs from the people, and benefits for the people. However, each five-year plan seemed to drift further and further away from the language and concerns of people into the realms of economic numbers and financial budgets. Therefore, it has become necessary to adjust the method of planning, to connect planners more strongly with people. Even if the founding fathers of India’s planning had not intended it in the 1950s - though they clearly did – the ubiquity of means of communication with citizens in the 21st century along with the strength of belief in the rights of citizens to actively participate in their own governance, would have required India’s planning process to change to enable more participation by citizens. 2. The development of the Approach to the 12th FY Plan commenced with an integrative reflection, by all the divisions of the Planning Commission cutting across their organizational and disciplinary boundaries, about the fundamental challenges facing the country - challenges that cut across sectors and regions. One such challenge, flowing from Sectors of Health, Education and Labour is the condition of ‘markets’ in these sectors with respect to their equity, not merely their efficiency. Another challenge is the “democratization of information” across sectors and regions of the country. And another is the quality of “decentralized governance”. 3. In devising an appropriate structural framework for the 12th FY Plan, the Planning Commission sought to assess sector specific challenges 4 (Health, Education, Agriculture etc.) as well as well as systemic challenges (deep deep-rooted and often invisible issues which manifest into visible problems). The Commission started out with 34 considerations, which were assessed from ten points of view is: 1) citizen’s expectations, 2) governance and institutions, 3) markets, 4) global developments, 5) skills and demography, 6) science and technology, 7) information, 8) land, climate, and environment, 9) innovation and enterprise, and 10) financing the plan. This exercise enabled the Commission to gain a comprehensive view of the many facets of each of the 34 issues. The resulting 340 cell matrix was discussed and documented in detail by officers of the Commission during a three day retreat in October 2010, at the end of which , 12 core challenges (6 sectoral and 6 systemic) were identified, which are: I. Enhancing capacity for growth Today, India can sustain a GDP growth of 8 percent a year. Increasing this to 9 to 10 percent will need more mobilization of investment resources; better allocation of these resources through more efficient capital markets; more efficient use of resources through the public system; and , higher investment in infrastructure through both public and Public-Private Partnership routes. II. Enhancing skills and faster generation of employment It is believed that India’ economic growth is not generating enough jobs or livelihood opportunities. At the same time, many sectors face manpower shortages. To address both, we need to improve our education and training systems; create efficient and accessible labor markets for all skill categories; and encourage the faster growth of small and micro enterprises. III. Managing the environment Environmental and ecological degradation has serious global and local implications, especially for the most vulnerable citizens of our country. How can we encourage responsible behavior, without compromising on our development needs? IV. Markets for efficiency and inclusion Open, integrated, and well-regulated markets for land, labor, capital, as well as for goods and services are essential for growth, inclusion, and sustainability. We have many sectors where markets are non-existent 5 or incomplete, especially those which are dominated by public provisioning. How do we create or improve markets in all sectors? V. Decentralization, Empowerment and Information Greater and more informed participation of all citizens in decision- making, enforcing accountability, exercising their rights and entitlements; and determining the course of their lives is central to faster growth, inclusion, and sustainability. How can we best promote the capabilities of all Indians, especially the most disadvantaged, to achieve this end? VI. Technology and Innovation Technological and organizational innovation is the key to higher productivity and competitiveness. How can we encourage and incentivize innovation and their diffusion in academia and government as well