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Cingiz Ajtmatov: Un Profilo Della Vita E Del- L'opera

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Cingiz Ajtmatov: Un Profilo Della Vita E Del- L'opera SLAVIA rivista trimestrale di cultura l aprile giugno 1998 Spedizione in abbona- mento postale - Roma - Comma 20C Articolo 2 Legge 662196 Filiale di Roma prezzo L. 25.000 slavia Consiglio di redazione: Mauro Aglietto, Agostino Bagnato, Eridano Bazzarelli, Bernardino Bernardini (direttore responsabile), Sergio Bertolissi, Jolanda Bufalini, Piero Cazzola, Gianni Cervetti, Silvana Fabiano, Pier Paolo Farné, Paola Ferretti, Carlo Fredduzzi, Ljudmila Grieco Krasnokuckaja, Adriano Guerra, Claudia Lasorsa, Flavia Lattanzi, Aniuta Maver Lo Gatto, Gabriele Mazzitelli, Pietro Montani, Leonardo Paleari, Giancarlo Pasquali, Rossana Platone, Vieri Quilici, Carlo Riccio, Renato Risaliti, Nicola Siciliani de Cumis, Joanna Spendel. Slavia - Rivista trimestrale di cultura. Edita dall'Associazione culturale "Slavia", Via Corfinio 23 - 00183 Roma. C/C bancario 585831 presso la Banca di Roma, Agenzia 33, Via di Grotta Perfetta 376 - 00142 Roma. Codice fiscale e Partita I.V.A. 04634701009. Con la collaborazione di: Associazione Italia-Russia Lombardia (Milano), Associazione Italia-Russia Veneto (Venezia), Associazione per i rapporti cul- turali con l'estero "M. Gor'kij" (Napoli), Centro Culturale Est-Ovest (Roma),Circolo Culturale "Slavia" (Bologna), Istituto di Cultura e Lingua russa (Roma). Registrazione presso il Tribunale di Roma n. 55 del 14 febbraio 1994. Redazione e Amministrazione: Via Corfinio 23 - 00183 Roma. Tel. (06) 7707 1380 Fax modem (06) 7005488 La rivista esce quattro volte l'anno. Ogni fascicolo si compone di 240 pagine e costa lire 25.000. I fascicoli arretrati costano il doppio. Abbonamento annuo - per l'Italia: lire 50.000 - sostenitore: lire 100.000 - per l'estero: lire 100.000 (posta aerea 130.000) L'importo va versato sul conto corrente postale 13762000 intestato a Slavia, Via Corfinio 23 - 00183 Roma. L'abbonamento è valido per quattro numeri, decorre dal n. l dell'anno in corso e scade con il n. 4. Chi si abbona nel corso dell'anno riceverà i numeri già usciti. I fascicoli non pervenuti all'abbonato devono essere reclamati entro 30 giorni dal ricevi- mento del fascicolo successivo. Decorso tale termine, si spediscono contro rimessa dell'importo. Gli abbonamenti non disdetti entro il 31 dicembre si intendono rinnovati per l'anno suc- cessivo. Per cambio indirizzo allegare alla comunicazione la targhetta-indirizzo dell'ultimo numero ricevuto. SLAVIA Rivista tnmestrale di cultura Anno VI1 numero 2- 1998 Indice LETTERATURA Goldie Blankoff.Scarr. dngiz~jtmatov: un profilo della vita e dell'opera .... p . 3 Anastasia Pasquinelli. A . Grin tra romanticismo e surrealismo nel racconto "L'Acchiappatopi" ............................................................................................p . 23 Fedor Dostoevskij. Il Giocatore (cap . 11) ...........................................................p . 35 Michail Kuzmin. L'Adultera ..............................................................................p . 41 Sergej Gandlevskij. Poesie .................................................................................p . 45 Simona Marabese. L"'antieroen nella quotidianità della perestrojka ..............p. 50 Natalie Malinin, Vladimir Nabokov professore americano ...............................p . 64 PASSATO E PRESENTE Heinz Timmermann. Il PCFR parte integrante del sistema politico ................ P. Le delegazioni straniere al IV congresso del PCFR ....................................... P . Dario Gasparini, Attualità del pensiero di Jan Pat0cX.a ....................................P . Angelantonio Rosato, Le relazioni dell'ltalia con I'Unionc Sovietica dal 1939 al 194 1....................................................................................................... P . Marilena Seminara, Dmitrij Sostakovic'e la sua scuola ...................................P . Renato Risaliti, L'Utopia comunitaria di Ogarev .............................................P . Kostjantyn Batsak, La partecipazione degli Italiani alla colonizzazione dell'llcraina meridionale ...................................................................................P . Roberto Raieli, L'opera d'arte tra "natura" e "cultura" . Intorno al movimento espressivo di EjzenSrejn...................................................................................... P. RUBRICHE Schede ..............................................................................................................p . 213 Cinema ..............................................................................................................p.23 1 Convegni ..........................................................................................................p . 237 Ai lettori La rivista Slavia si è assunta l'onere di riprendere e continuare la quarantennale esperienza culturale di Rassegna Sovietica e, nello stesso tempo, di promuovere iniziative nuove per divulgare e approfondire la conoscenza del patrimonio culturale, artistico e storico dei paesi slavi. La rivista è aperta ai contributi e alle ricerche di studiosi ed esperti italiani e stranieri. La redazione è anche interessata a pubblicare testi di conferenze, recensioni, resoconti e atti di convegni, studi e articoli di vario genere, ivi inclusi risultati originali delle tesi di laurea in lingue, letterature e culture slave. Slavia intende inoltre offrire le proprie pagine come tribuna di dibat- tito e fornire un "servizio di raccordo" dei vari aspetti della ricerca e dell'informazione, scevra di qualsivoglia pregiudizio ideologico, sull'evoluzione socioeconomica, politica e storico-culturale della Russia e dei Paesi est-europei. Le opinioni espresse dai collaboratori non riflettono necessariamente il pensiero della direzione di Slavia. RINNOVATEL'ABBONAMENTO ALLA NOSTRA RIVISTA PER L'ANNO 1998 utilizzando l'allegato bollettino di C/C postale ABBONAMENTI Ordinario L. 50.000 Sostenitore L. 100.000 Estero L. 100.000 Estero Posta Aerea L. 130.000 Ajtmatov Goldie BlankofS-Scarr CINGIZ AJTMATOV: UN PROFILO DELLA VITA E DEL- L'OPERA "il maestro non è colui che viene ad insegnare, ma piuttosto chi, mediante le sue creazioni, apre i nostri occhi alla vera nat~ra~dellecose" C. Ajtmatov Quasi ogni periodo della storia ha visto scrittori che sono riusciti a trasferire le più profonde contraddizioni intellettuali, sociali e morali del proprio tempo, cogliendole nel loro contesto elusivo e sottile, in una forma letteraria accessibile ad un'ampia e universale schiera di lettori. Tale identificazione funge non solo da catarsi per coloro che si accingono a risolvere conflitti quotidiani apparentemente insolubili, ma conduce il lettore a compiere un passo in avanti, all'interno di un tessuto di pensieri ed emozioni che lo stimola non solo ad una maggiore conoscenza di se stesso, ma ad una comprensione più piena della condizione umana nella sua intejezza. Cingiz Ajtmatov è uno di questi scrittori. Egli ora risiede a Bruxelles, dove è stato recentemente designato Ambasciatore della Repubblica di Kirghisia presso la Comunità Europea. Negli ultimi 30 anni è stato uno degli autori più noti nell'ex URSS e nell'Est Europa. La sua popolarità nelle altri parti del mondo è rimasta confinata ad una ristretta categoria di persone per le quali la lettura è un'esperienza di vita e di arricchimento. Ora è giunto il momento di divulgare le opere di questo emineng umanista oltre i limiti del passato. Cingiz Ajtmatov è nato il 12 dicembre del 1928, quattro anni dopo la creazione del movrno alfabeto kirghiso, nel piccolo villaggio (in lin- gua kirghisa ail) di Seker, ai piedi del bellissimo Monte Manas, la cima più alta della catena dei Talas nella Kirghisia del Nord, non lontano dal confine con il Kazachstan. La sua infanzia e adolescenza, vissute in que- sto ambiente naturale, sono state per lui notevole fonte di ispirazione, essendo la vallata dei Talas un luogo dove ben si svilupparono il leggen- dario folclore e la mitologia kirghisa, narrati nella letteratura orale (o nei Blankoff-Scarr testi detti "orature", secondo un'espressione coniata dallo specialista fran- cese Rémy Dor) in lingua kirghisa. I1 giovane Cingiz assimilò questa ricca eredità, mediante un processo di osmosi attiva e naturale, dapprima dalla nonna patema, Aiymkan Satan-Kyzy, e successivamente dalla sorel- la del padre, Karagyz, con cui trascorse i suoi primi anni di vita e le vacanze scolastiche negli alti pascoli dei Talas. Durante le lunghe serate estive Aiymkan gli parlava della ricca cul- tura della loro terra natale, inculcando nel giovane il profondo rispetto delle antiche tradizioni e dei riti in uso presso gli antenati nomadi. I1 lega- me spirituale che questa anziana donna riuscì a tessere fra sè e il nipote, portò non solo il ragazzo ad assimilare direttamente fiabe, miti, canti e leggende del suo popolo, ma, grazie al talento innato del futuro scrittore, a conservarli in una forma unica e originale che li ha resi accessibili sia ai suoi compatrioti che ai lettori di tutto il mondo. Al di là delle circostanze, bisogna sottolineare quanto quest'operazione di recupero fosse urgente per il mondo spirituale dell'antico popolo kirghiso, destinato all'annienta- mento in seguito alla politica di stanziamento e collettivizzazione forzata degli anni '30. Questa eredità incalcolabile, specificatamente kirghisa, era destinata a diventare un elemento essenziale in quasi tutte le opere di Ajtmatov. Un secondo elemento è la precoce e quasi viscerale acquisizione della lingua, della cultura e della letteratura russa. Si potrebbe quasi affer- mare che Ajtmatov nasceva già bilingue, poichè
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