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Watermarked Image Compression and Transmission Through Digital Communication System

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Watermarked Image Compression and Transmission Through Digital Communication System International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Instrumentation Engineering Research and Development (IJECIERD) ISSN 2249-684X Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 97-104 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. WATERMARKED IMAGE COMPRESSION AND TRANSMISSION THROUGH DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM M. VENU GOPALA RAO 1, N. NAGA SWETHA 2, B. KARTHIK 3, D. JAGADEESH PRASAD 4 & K. ABHILASH 5 1Professor, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India 2,3,4,5 Student, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT This paper presents a process able to mark digital images with an invisible and undetectable secrete information, called the watermark, followed by compression of the watermarked image and transmitting through a digital communication system. This process can be the basis of a complete copyright protection system. Digital water marking is a feasible method for the protection of ownership rights of digital media such as audio, image, video and other data types. The application includes digital signatures, fingerprinting, broadcast and publication monitoring, copy control, authentication, and secret communication. For the efficient transmission of an image across a channel, source coding in the form of image compression at the transmitter side & the image recovery at the receiver side are the integral process involved in any digital communication system. Other processes like channel encoding, signal modulation at the transmitter side & their corresponding inverse processes at the receiver side along with the channel equalization help greatly in minimizing the bit error rate due to the effect of noise & bandwidth limitations (or the channel capacity) of the channel. The results shows that the effectiveness of the proposed system for retrieving the secret data without any distortion. KEYWORDS: Channel Equalization, Digital Communication System, Image Compression, Water Marking INTRODUCTION Digital media are subjected to illicit distribution of data and owners of data are cautious about making their work available without some method of identifying ownership and copyright. Digital watermarks are employed in an attempt to provide proof of ownership and identify illicit copying and distribution of multimedia information[4]. The growth of digital media and the fact that unlimited numbers of perfect copies of such media can be illegally produced is a threat to the rights of content owners. A copy of digital media is an exact duplicate of the original. The authors of a work are hesitant to make such information available on the Internet as it may be copied and retransmitted without the permission of the author. An issue facing electronic commerce on the Internet for digital information is how to protect the copyright and intellectual property rights of those who legally own or posses digital works. Most electronic commerce systems use cryptography to secure the electronic transaction process. Encryption provides data confidentiality, authentication, data integrity, and in some cases authentication of the parties involved. However, the unencrypted data may still be copied and distributed (i.e., videotapes, DVD, and pay-per-view broadcasts). One approach to copyrighting is to mark works by adding information about their relationship to the owner by a digital watermark[4]. Digital watermarking provides a means of placing information within digital works. This information may be perceptible or imperceptible to the human senses. Watermarking can be used to identify owners, license information or other information related to the cover carrying the watermark. Watermarks may also provide some control mechanisms such as determining if the work has been tampered with or copied illegally. When watermarked images are found, the 98 M. Venu Gopala Rao, N. Naga Swetha, B. Karthik, D. Jagadeesh Prasad & K. Abhilash information is reported back to the registered owners of the images[4]. This paper demonstrates how secret information is transmitted and received through a digital communication system. The secret information is embedded in a digital image using Discrete Wavelet transform. For the efficient transmission of an image across a channel, source coding in the form of image compression at the transmitter side & the image recovery at the receiver side are the integral process involved in any digital communication system. DCT based compression technique is used for compression purpose[1]. Other processes like channel encoding, signal modulation at the transmitter side & their corresponding inverse processes at the receiver side along with the channel equalization help greatly in minimizing the bit error rate due to the effect of noise & bandwidth limitations (or the channel capacity) of the channel[6]. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation and demodulation techniques used for digital transmission purpose. The results shows that the effectiveness of the proposed system for retrieving the secret data without any distortion. This paper organized as follows. Chapter-II describes briefly about digital watermarking. Image compression using DCT is illustrated in Chapter-III. The BPSK digital communication system is described in Chapter-IV. The simulation results are discussed in Chapter-V and the references are given at the end. DIGITAL WATERMARKING Digital watermark means embedding information into digital material in such a way that is imperceptible to a human observer but easily detected by computer algorithm[4]. A digital water mark is a transparent, invisible information pattern that is inserted into a suitable component of the data source by using a specific computer algorithm. Digital watermarks are signals added to digital data (audio or video or still images) that can be detected or extracted later to make an assertion about the data. All watermarking techniques share the same generic build blocks: a watermark embedding system and a watermark decoder system[4]. As for the above example, the secret images S embeds into the original image L through the encoder and watermarked image L’ is created. The secret image can be extracted from the watermarked image through the decoder. Different watermarking methods can be adopted in the encoder and decoder. The method illustrated here is using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)[7]. 1 Level DWT is applied to original image which transforms it into four subbands, Watermarked Image Compression and Transmission through Digital Communication System 99 i.e., LL , LH , LH and HH components, where ‘ L’ is low frequency and ‘ H ’ is high frequency. The secret data is embedded into any one of the high frequency subband components. Digital watermarks can be measured on the basis of certain characteristics and properties that depend on the type of application. In general, they are described as fidelity, robustness, fragility, tamper resistance, data payload, complexity, and other restrictions]. IMAGE COMPRESSION The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a technique for converting a signal into elementary frequency components[2]. It is widely used in image compression. Digital images require huge amounts of space for storage and large bandwidths for transmission. Image compression is used to reduce or eliminate redundant or irrelevant information[3]. The two main Image compression techniques are lossless compression and lossy compression. Here we use lossy compression using DCT[2]. Discrete Cosine Transform & Quantization Followed by Zigzag Traversing The JPEG lossy compression algorithm does the following operations[3]: • First the lowest weights are trimmed by setting them to zero. • The remaining weights are quantized (that is, rounded off to some nearest of discrete code represented values), some more coarsely than others according to observed levels of sensitivity of viewers to these degradations. The accuracy of quantization depends on the number of quantization levels taken. Figure 3: Typical Discrete Transform of 4x4 Image Block Figure 4: Quantization Followed by Zigzag Traversing 100 M. Venu Gopala Rao, N. Naga Swetha, B. Karthik, D. Jagadeesh Prasad & K. Abhilash DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Figure 5: Block Diagram of the Digital Communication System The three basic elements of every communication systems are Transmitter, Receiver and Channel [6]. The Overall purpose of this system is to transfer information from one point (called Source) to another point, the user destination. The transmitter is located at one point in space, the receiver is located at some other point separate from the transmitter, and the channel is the medium that provides the electrical connection between them. The purpose of the transmitter is to transform the message signal produced by the source of information into a form suitable for transmission over the channel. The received signal is normally corrupted version of the transmitted signal, which is due to channel imperfections, noise and interference from other sources. The receiver has the task of operating on the received signal so as to reconstruct a recognizable form of the original message signal and to deliver it to the user destination[3]. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Different output parameters like SNR & Compression Ratio determine the efficiency of system. These parameters in turn depend mainly on different input parameters like number of quantization levels, number of diagonals considered for Zigzag traversing (or simply, the percentage of pixels neglected), size of blocks taken from image matrix for DCT transform & in some cases
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