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How I Came up with the Discrete Cosine Transform Nasir Ahmed Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
mxT*L. BImL4L. PRocEsSlNG 1,4-5 (1991) How I Came Up with the Discrete Cosine Transform Nasir Ahmed Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 During the late sixties and early seventies, there to study a “cosine transform” using Chebyshev poly- was a great deal of research activity related to digital nomials of the form orthogonal transforms and their use for image data compression. As such, there were a large number of T,(m) = (l/N)‘/“, m = 1, 2, . , N transforms being introduced with claims of better per- formance relative to others transforms. Such compari- em- lh) h = 1 2 N T,(m) = (2/N)‘%os 2N t ,...) . sons were typically made on a qualitative basis, by viewing a set of “standard” images that had been sub- jected to data compression using transform coding The motivation for looking into such “cosine func- techniques. At the same time, a number of researchers tions” was that they closely resembled KLT basis were doing some excellent work on making compari- functions for a range of values of the correlation coef- sons on a quantitative basis. In particular, researchers ficient p (in the covariance matrix). Further, this at the University of Southern California’s Image Pro- range of values for p was relevant to image data per- cessing Institute (Bill Pratt, Harry Andrews, Ali Ha- taining to a variety of applications. bibi, and others) and the University of California at Much to my disappointment, NSF did not fund the Los Angeles (Judea Pearl) played a key role. -
Bakalářská Práce
Univerzita Hradec Králové Pedagogická fakulta Katedra technických předmětů OBRAZOVÁ PODPORA VÝUKY TECHNICKÝCH PŘEDMĚTŮ - TECHNIKA A TECHNOLOGIE PRO DYNAMICKÝ OBRAZ Bakalářská práce Autor: Pavel Bédi Studijní program: B 1801 Informatika Studijní obor: Informatika se zaměřením na vzdělávání Základy techniky se zaměřením na vzdělávání Vedoucí práce: doc. PaedDr. René Drtina, Ph.D. Hradec Králové 2020 UNIVERZITA HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ Studijní program: Informatika Přírodovědecká fakulta Forma studia: Prezenční Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Obor/kombinace: Informatika se zaměřením na vzdělávání – Základy techniky se zaměřením na vzdělávání (BIN-ZTB) Obor v rámci kterého má být VŠKP vypracována: Základy techniky se zaměřením na vzdělávání Podklad pro zadání BAKALÁŘSKÉ práce studenta Jméno a příjmení: Pavel Bédi Osobní číslo: S17IN020BP Adresa: Řešetova Lhota 41, Studnice – Řešetova Lhota, 54701 Náchod 1, Česká republika Téma práce: Obrazová podpora výuky technických předmětů – technika a technologie pro dynamický obraz Téma práce anglicky: Image support for the teaching of technical subjects – technique and technology for dynamic image Vedoucí práce: doc. PaedDr. René Drtina, Ph.D. Katedra technických předmětů Zásady pro vypracování: Cílem bakalářské práce je podat ucelený přehled o možnostech tvorby vidoezáznamů, snímací technice a produkčních SW. Předpokládá se, že na Bc práci bude navazovat diplomová práce s kompletně zpracovaným didaktickým materiálem pro vybrané téma. Předpokládané členění Bc práce (možné zadání pro dva studenty při rozdělení na oblast audio a video): Specifika tvorby dokumentárního a výukového videozáznamu pro technická zařízení. Digitální videokamery a jejich vlastnosti, záznamové a obrazové formáty a jejich kompatibilita, vysokorychlostní kamery. Snímací objektivy, testy rozlišovací schopnosti. Pomocná technika pro digitální video – nekonečné pozadí, osvětlovací technika, předsádky, atd. Zařízení pro záznam zvuku, mikrofony a jejich příslušenství, zásady pro snímání tzv. -
2000 Annual Proceedings - Denver: Volume #2
2000 Annual Proceedings - Denver: Volume #2 Selected Papers On the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology Presented at The National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division Denver, CO 2000 Editors Maria Luisa Arias-Ferrero Research Intern And Michael Simonson Professor Instructional Technology and Distance Education Nova Southeastern University Fischler Graduate School of Education and Human Services North Miami Beach, FL 1 Previous Proceedings Published in ERIC Year Location ED Number 1979 New Orleans 171329 1980 Denver 194061 1981 Philadelphia 207487 1982 Dallas 223191 – 223326 1983 New Orleans 231337 1984 Dallas 243411 1985 Anaheim 256301 1986 Las Vegas 267753 1987 Atlanta 285518 1988 New Orleans 295621 1989 Dallas 308805 1990 Anaheim 323912 1991 Orlando 334969 1992 Washington, D.C. 347970 – 348041 1993 New Orleans 362144 1994 Nashville 373774 1995 Anaheim 383284 1996 Indianapolis 397772 1997 Albuquerque 409832 1998 St. Louis 423819 1999 Houston 2000 Long Beach 2 Preface For the twenty-third year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Denver, CO. A limited quantity of these Proceedings were printed and sold. It is also available on microfiche through the Educational Resources Clearinghouse (ERIC) system. For the first time, these Proceedings are published in two volumes. This volume contains papers primarily dealing with instruction and training issues. Papers dealing primarily with research and development are contained in the companion volume, which also contains over 60 papers. -
VHS and VCR (Edited from Wikipedia)
VHS And VCR (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY A videocassette recorder, VCR, or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other source on a removable, magnetic tape videocassette, and can play back the recording. Use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly referred to as timeshifting. VCRs can also play back prerecorded tapes. In the 1980s and 1990s, prerecorded videotapes were widely available for purchase and rental, and blank tapes were sold to make recordings. Most domestic VCRs are equipped with a television broadcast receiver (tuner) for TV reception, and a programmable clock (timer) for unattended recording of a television channel from a start time to an end time specified by the user. These features began as simple mechanical counter-based single-event timers, but were later replaced by more flexible multiple-event digital clock timers. In later models the multiple timer events could be programmed through a menu interface displayed on the playback TV screen ("on-screen display" or OSD). This feature allowed several programs to be recorded at different times without further user intervention, and became a major selling point. The Video Home System (VHS) is a standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes. Developed by Victor Company of Japan (JVC) in the early 1970s, it was released in Japan in late 1976 and in the United States in early 1977. From the 1950s, magnetic tape video recording became a major contributor to the television industry, via the first commercialized video tape recorders (VTRs). -
Watermarked Image Compression and Transmission Through Digital Communication System
International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Instrumentation Engineering Research and Development (IJECIERD) ISSN 2249-684X Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 97-104 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. WATERMARKED IMAGE COMPRESSION AND TRANSMISSION THROUGH DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM M. VENU GOPALA RAO 1, N. NAGA SWETHA 2, B. KARTHIK 3, D. JAGADEESH PRASAD 4 & K. ABHILASH 5 1Professor, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India 2,3,4,5 Student, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT This paper presents a process able to mark digital images with an invisible and undetectable secrete information, called the watermark, followed by compression of the watermarked image and transmitting through a digital communication system. This process can be the basis of a complete copyright protection system. Digital water marking is a feasible method for the protection of ownership rights of digital media such as audio, image, video and other data types. The application includes digital signatures, fingerprinting, broadcast and publication monitoring, copy control, authentication, and secret communication. For the efficient transmission of an image across a channel, source coding in the form of image compression at the transmitter side & the image recovery at the receiver side are the integral process involved in any digital communication system. Other processes like channel encoding, signal modulation at the transmitter side & their corresponding inverse processes at the receiver side along with the channel equalization help greatly in minimizing the bit error rate due to the effect of noise & bandwidth limitations (or the channel capacity) of the channel. The results shows that the effectiveness of the proposed system for retrieving the secret data without any distortion. -
Video Cassette Player
3-861-061-12 (1) Video Cassette Player Operating Instructions Before operating the unit, please read this manual thoroughly, and retain it for future reference. GV-F700 ©1997 by Sony Corporation Operations Installing the battery pack This video cassette player operates with the “InfoLITHIUM” battery pack (not supplied). If you use any other battery pack to operate your video cassette player, the video cassette player may not operate or the battery life may be shortened. Operations “InfoLITHIUM” is a trademark of Sony Corporation. Install the battery pack on the video cassette player While pressing the battery pack, slide it to the left so that it attaches to the battery mounting surface firmly. Notes on the battery pack • Do not carry the video cassette player by grasping the battery pack. • Removing the battery pack during playback may damage the inserted tape. If this happens, restore the battery pack again immediately. To remove the battery pack While pressing BATT, slide the battery pack to the right. Battery life Battery pack Playback time NP-F930/B 175 (150) NP-F950/B 215 (190) Numbers in parentheses indicate the time when you use a normal charged battery pack. To charge the battery pack, use the battery charger BC-V615 (not supplied). Refer to the operating instructions of the battery pack and the battery charger for how to charge the battery pack. This mark indicates that this product is a genuine accessory for Sony video product. When purchasing Sony video products, Sony recommends that you purchase accessories with this “GENUINE VIDEO ACCESSORIES” mark. 5 Playing back a tape Playing back a dual soundtrack tape When you play back a dual soundtrack tape, select the desired sound. -
DCR-TRV270E/TRV280/TRV285E RMT-830 SERVICE MANUAL DCR-TRV280 Ver 1.1 2004
DCR-TRV270E/TRV280/TRV285E RMT-830 SERVICE MANUAL DCR-TRV280 Ver 1.1 2004. 12 US Model Canadian Model Revision History Argentine Model DCR-TRV270E AEP Model UK Model How to use East European Model Acrobat Reader DCR-TRV280/ TRV285E E Model DCR-TRV270E/ TRV285E North European Model DCR-TRV285E M2000 MECHANISM Photo: DCR-TRV280 Australian Model Tourist Model Link SPECIFICATIONS BLOCK DIAGRAMS PRINTED WIRING BOARDS SERVICE NOTE FRAME SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS REPAIR PARTS LIST DISASSEMBLY SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS NTSC MODEL: DCR-TRV280 PAL MODEL: DCR-TRV270E/TRV285E •For ADJUSTMENTS (SECTION 6), refer to SERVICE MANUAL, ADJ (9-876-780-51). •For INSTRUCTION MANUAL, refer to SERVICE MANUAL, LEVEL 1 (9-876-780-41). •For MECHANISM ADJUSTMENTS, refer to the “8mm Video MECHANICAL ADJUSTMENT MANUAL IX M2000 MECHANISM ” (9-929-861-11). • Reference No. search on printed wiring boards is available. •Table for differences of function of each model. •TO TAKE OUT A CASSETTE WHEN NOT EJECT (FORCE EJECT) • HELP: Sheet attachment positions and procedures of processing the flexible boards/harnesses are shown. VIDEO CAMERA RECORDER 2004L0500-1 DCR-TRV270E/TRV280/TRV285E ©2004.12 9-876-780-12 Sony EMCS Co. Published by DI Technical Support Section TM SERIES SPECIFICATIONS Video camera recorder Input/Output connectors AC Adaptor AC-L15A/L15B Audio/Video output Power requirements AV M I NIJACK AC 100 - 240 V, 50/60 Hz Video signal: 1 Vp-p, 75 Ω: (ohms), Current consumption unbalanced, sync negative 0.35 - 0.18 A System Audio signal: 327 mV (at output impedance Power consumption -
Glossary of Digital Video Terms
Glossary of Digital Video Terms 24P: 24 frame per second, progressive scan. This has been the frame rate of motion picture film since talkies arrived. It is also one of the rates allowed for transmission in the DVB and ATSC television standards – so they can handle film without needing any frame-rate change (3:2 pull-down for 60 fields-per-second systems or running film at 25fps for 50 Hz systems). It is now accepted as a part of television production formats – usually associated with high definition 1080 lines, progressive scan. A major attraction is a relatively easy path from this to all major television formats as well as offering direct electronic support for motion picture film and D-cinema. 24Psf: 24 frame per second, progressive segmented frame. A 24P system in which each frame is segmented – recorded as odd lines followed by even lines. Unlike normal television, the odd and even lines are from the same snapshot in time – exactly as film is shown today on 625/50 TV systems. This way the signal is more compatible (than normal progressive) for use with video systems, e.g. VTRs, SDTI or HD-SDI connections, mixers/switchers etc., which may also handle interlaced scans. It can also easily be viewed without the need to process the pictures to reduce 24-frame flicker. 3:2 pull-down: Method used to map the 24 fps of film onto the 30 fps (60 fields) of 525-line TV, so that one film frame occupies three TV fields, the next two, etc. It means the two fields of every other TV frame come from different film frames making operations such as rotoscoping impossible, and requiring care in editing. -
INTERIM Bual Repo#R
.* L, '. .. .. ." r . INTERIM BuAL REpo#r I B.W. J319Es (NASA-CE- 166225) S'IOCY OF CCCL~Jb?CBIICNS N83- !777!, 1AI.P CCHFRFSSICI EE11C3S Interin Einal ReFCrt (COY-COCE, Ioc,, EIountain View, Calif.) 267 p HC A I;/!IF AOI CSCL I7E !llnclas i G3/32 32908 Prepared for MAAMfE RESEARCH CEIWEIi MOF'FETT FEU), CALIFOFNU, 94035 NASA TECHNICAL MONITOR Larry B. Hofman COM-CODE, INC. 305 EASY ST. NO.9 IQN. VlEW I CALIFORNIA 94043 - .. , .. SECTION A SUMMARY REPQRT SECTION B VIDEO CCMPFESSION SECTION C LANDSAT IMAGE PRCCESSING SECTION D SATELLITE CaMEINNICATIONS f L SEXTION A SUMMARY REPORT This section provides a brief suaunary report of the work accolnplished under the "Study of Communications .Data Compression Methods", under NASA contract NAS 2-9703. The results are fully explained in subsequent sections on video canpression, Landsat image processipa, and satellite commnications . The first task of contract NAS 2-9703 was to extend a simple monochrome conditional replenishment system to higher compression and to higher motion levels, by incorporating spatially adaptive quantizers and field repeating. Conditional replenishment combines intraframe and interframe compression, and bath areas were to be investigated. The gain of conditional replenishment depends on the fraction of the image changing, since only changed parts of the image need to be transmitted. If the transmission rate is set so that only one-fourth of the image can be transmitted in each field, greater change fractions will overload the system. To accomplish task I, a computer simulation was prepared which incorporated 1) field repeat of changes, 2) a variable change threshold, 3) frame repeat for high change, and 4) two mcde, variable rate Hadamard intraframe quantizers. -
Analytical Links in the Tasks of Digital Content Compression
Analytical Links in the Tasks of Digital Content Compression Olena Kolganova 1[0000-0002-1301-9611], Viktoriia Kravchenko 1[0000-0003-0399-7013], Lidiia Tereshchenko 1[0000-0001-8183-9016], Volodymyr Shutko 1[0000-0002-9761-5583] and Mykola Shutko 1[0000-0002-3531-7724], Yevhen Vasiliu 2[0000-0002-8582-285X] 1 National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine 2 O.S.Popov Odessa National Academy of Telecommunication, Odessa, Ukraine [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. The article is devoted to the development of a digital image compres- sion algorithm. Image compression is a type of data compression applied to dig- ital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. Algorithms may take advantage of visual perception and the statistical properties of image data. We will consider a lossy compression algorithm. The new algorithm is based on multiscale decomposition with a spline as a basis function. In the process of multiscale analysis, when constructing a spline, we should take into account analytical links. The application of this approach give an increase in the com- pression ratio with the same quality of compressed images. Keywords: Digital Image Compression, Analytical Links, Hermitian Spline, Multiscale Analysis. 1 Introduction Multimedia standards for video compression for personalized television, high defini- tion digital television (HDTV), and image / video database maintenance use close motion and encoding methods. Three basic standards - MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 were developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), under the auspices of the ISO and the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (was renamed the International Telegraph Union (ITU). -
District Ramban JSSK Mother Beneficiary List, April-Sept. 2015 Name of the Date of Name of the Name of the Complete Telephone Institution Where S NO
District Ramban_JSSK Mother Beneficiary List, April-Sept. 2015 Name of the Date of Name of the Name of the Complete Telephone Institution where S NO. Husband's Name Delivery/ Block Beneficiary Address Number delivery took Refferal place. 1 Banihal Heena Begum Mohd Aslam Ramban 9797444452 CHC Banihal 20-03-2015 2 Banihal shahida Begum Mohd Ashraf Khari 9858667697 CHC Banihal 21-03-2015 3 Banihal Fatima Begum Jamal Din Kawana 9086360643 CHC Banihal 22-03-2015 4 Banihal Soniya Begum Babloo chinargali 9697168596 CHC Banihal 22-03-2015 5 Banihal Nizara Bgum Nisar ahmed chapnari 9697102667 CHC Banihal 22-03-2015 6 Banihal Kulsuma Begum Gh.Nabi Hinjhal 9858936084 CHC Banihal 22-03-2015 7 Banihal Ulfat Bgum Nazir Ahmed Asher NA CHC Banihal 23-03-2015 8 Banihal Zaitoona Begum Bashir Ahmed Amkoot 9697141572 CHC Banihal 23-03-2015 9 Banihal Rehana Begum Bashir Ahmed Chachal 9596931659 CHC Banihal 24-03-2015 10 Banihal Hafeeza Begum Shabir ahmed chacknarwa 9858003465 CHC Banihal 24-03-2015 11 Banihal Kulsuma Begum Mushtaq ahmed Mandakbass 9622392891 CHC Banihal 24-03-2015 12 Banihal shamshada Ab.Rashid Hingni 9906478060 CHC Banihal 24-03-2015 13 Banihal shakeela Begum Mohd Amin Fagoo 9697289173 CHC Banihal 24-03-2015 14 Banihal Maneera Begum Fayaz ahmed Zanchous 9858138106 CHC Banihal 25-03-2015 15 Banihal Parveena Begum Javeed Ahmed Ramban 9596834792 CHC Banihal 25-03-2015 16 Banihal Bareena Begum Mohd Farooq shabanbass 9906207401 CHC Banihal 25-03-2015 17 Banihal Zeena begum Bashir Ahmed chachal 9858589273 CHC Banihal 27-03-2015 18 Banihal Suriya -
1973 312P. ARC 7
AGENCY FOR INT'RNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR AID USE ONLY WASHINGTON. 0. C. 20523 BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET A. PRIMARY ,. SUBJECT Education CLASSI- FICATION a.Technology SECONDARY 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Strategies for the use of communications media in the technologically developing nations,v.2 3. AUTHOR(S) Margol in,J.B. 4. DOCUMENT DATE IS. NUMBER OF PAGES I6. ARC NUMBER 1973 312p. ARC 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Academy for Educational Development 1414 22nd St. N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponeoring Organlaatlone Publleher&, Availability) Volume II of Report No. 6 9. ABSTRAC't A second volume of the study listed above, it discusses elementary and widespread problems in developing countries and then proposes approaches and strategies which seem relevant. Learning new behavior, an essential in a dynamic situation, is discussed broadly, but with emphasis upon basic education, nutrition, and family planning. Problems, priority program needs, and strategies relating tc Columbia, Indonesia, and the Republic of Zaire are outlinea, including specific communication media applications to circumstances described. 10. CONTROL NUMBER II.PRICE OF DOCUMENT PN-AAB-293 12. DESCRIPrORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER 14. CONTRACT NUMBER CSD-2829 GTS 1S. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590-1 (4"74) Aft' ACADEMY FOR EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Strategies for the Use of Communications Media in the Technologically Developing Nations Volume II Joseph B.Margolin Report Number Six 1973 This report has been prepared by the Educational Policy Group, Program of Policy Studies in Science and Technology, The George Washington University, on behalf of the Academy for Educational Development under Contract No.